- Municipal solid waste generation in Malaysia has increased significantly and averages 0.85-1.5 kg of waste generated per person daily. - Improper management of solid waste poses negative impacts on human health such as increased risks of cancer, respiratory and skin diseases, and neurological problems. - Suggested solutions to better manage solid waste include reducing waste production, increasing recycling rates, improving disposal methods, implementing responsible production practices, and promoting public education.

1. ‘SOLIDWASTE’
MUHAMMAD IHSAN BIN RIDZUAN
MUHAMAD SYAFIQ BIN MUHAMAD SAHIT
MUHAMAD AMIR AIMAN BIN ISMAIL
MUHAMMAD DHIYAUL AFIQ BIN ROSLAN
MOHAMMAD HANAFI BIN SEMAN
EMD7M13
ENGINEERS IN
SOCIETY (MEC600)

2. Introduction

3. • The increasing number of municipal waste management has become the biggest environmental
problems in Malaysia
• In average, one Malaysian will generates at least 0.85-1.5 kg per person per day. It is actually
quite a lot if we compare it with other countries. In Unites States of America, based on the
statistics from Environmental Protection Agency United States, in 2013, individual waste
generation of 4.40 pounds (1.99kg) per person per day

5. • In Malaysia, statistics that has been released by Solid Waste Corporation Management (SWCorp), only
2% of the waste are recycled, only about 42% is incinerated or chemically treated, and the rest 56%
dumped into land to decompose or not to be decomposed
• In Malaysia, with a population of over 29 million in 2012 generates approximately 25,000 metric
tonnes of domestic waste per day

6. EFFECT OF SOLID
WASTE TO HUMAN
HEALTH

7. Birth defects and reproductive
disorders
• The rate of congenital anomalies was not significantly higher in exposed
compared with unexposed communities
• only some subgroups of congenital anomalies, specifically facial cleft and
renal dysplasia, were more frequent in the exposed communities

8. Cancer
• Several geographical comparison studies have investigated cancer mortality
and incidence around waste sites.
• particularly for gastrointestinal, oesophageal, stomach, colon and rectal
cancer.

9. neurological disease.
• solid waste can produce certain chemicals that will release undesired
chemical like cyanides, mercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls which are
highly toxic.
• Those chemical are poisoning and exposure of that chemical can lead to
disease or death. In fact, direct exposure can lead to diseases through
chemical exposure as the release of chemical waste into the environment
leads to chemical poisoning.
• They will experience Nausea and vomiting

10. Respiratory and skin diseases or
symptoms
• Skin and blood infections resulting from direct contact with waste, and from
infected wounds.
• Intestinal infections that are transmitted by flies feeding on the waste.

11. Infrastructural Challenges
• Many informal settlements are not easily reached by both the division and
the private collectors due to the poor road network.
• Landlords have not been sensitized on the need to manage solid waste and
put up structures without solid waste management disposal sites due to
limited land.

12. Social Economic Challenges
• Absence of the culture of sorting waste, by type at generation points in this
case households, commercial centers and institutions.
• Disposed of in the same land fill.
• Not taken positive steps in solid waste management practices like source
reduction, re-using, recycling or properly disposing of the portion.
• “I don’t care” attitude.

13. Legal Challenges
• Lack of enforcement.
• Lack of a deliberate policy to include environmental education both in the
school curriculum and outside the formal education system.

14. SUGGESTION /
SOLUTION

15. • Donate Clothes
Instead of throwing away these old clothes donate clothes to people in need or to Goodwill stores, or hold a sale in your
garage.
• Reduce Food Waste
Instead of simply throwing away food, make good use out of it. Even if we kept just a small percentage of our uneaten
food and donated it, millions of needy people would be fed.
• Eat Healthy
Buy healthier foods that don’t require as much disposable waste in the form of packaging. Reuse old shopping bags and
containers for maximum efficiency, and better yet, cloth bags. Don’t buy fast food take out as often either.

16. • Save Leftovers for Next Day
Eating leftovers more often will save on money and result in less food waste. Try making it a habit to save the rest of tonight’s
food in the fridge for tomorrow’s lunch or dinner.
• Buy Things With Less Packaging
You can also stock up on food in the freezer. Buy a bunch of food at the same time and store it in the freezer, and don’t buy any
more food until the freezer is empty. In addition, buying food in bulk means less packaging and less waste.
• Boycott Plastic Water Bottles
Not only will you save a boat load of money by switching to reusable glass bottles, you will be throwing a lot less empty water
bottles into the trash, which in turn means you won’t contribute to the mountains of bottles in landfills or in the bottom of the
ocean.
• Just Don’t Buy as Much Stuff
Simply buying less stuff will severely cut back on those number of trips all ready. Re-evaluate your priorities. Think about what
you need vs. what you want.

17. • Recycle
Don’t just throw away old glass bottles or aluminium cans. Instead, recycle them. Keep a recycle bin in your home to
place old soda cans, paper, metal and plastic cups.
• Purchase Items Made From Recycled Products
Consider buying items made from recycled products so that you can help the environment in making it clean and green.
Also, this will set as an example for your friends, family and relatives and they will also start buying items made from
recycled products.
• Clean Smarter
Instead of buying cleaning solutions from market to unclog your drains, use baking soda and vinegar for your cleaning
projects. Baking soda has countless uses and neither vinegar nor baking soda willhurt the environment. This way you can
avoid all the bottles of cleaners and cans you use.

18. • Composting
Compost is organic materials that has been collected together and decomposed. Composting helps you recycle your
kitchen waste and reduces the amount of that is sent to landfills that proves safe for the environment.
• Reuse
Take an old shopping bag with you while going out for shopping and use empty wine or beer bottles into lamps, oil
and vinegar dispensers or send them to recycling centers as few of them may be recycled.
• Buy rechargeable batteries
Rechargable batteries will save you money in the long run. Disposable batteries can prove
very harmful for the environment as chemicals inside the batteries can leak.
• Buy Items Packaged in Recycled Cartons
Buy products that are packaged in recycled cartons and reuse those cartons. Similarly, old
newspapers make great packaging material. This helps to promote recycling.

19. UNETHICAL PROBLEM OF SOLID WASTE
• Regulations are based on vested
interests
State officials work together with such
industry officials to expand landfills,
increase waste tonnage
• Reliance of dying technologies to
reduce and recycle waste
Less creative towards advancing novel
technologies for reducing the toxicity
and volume of waste or enhancing
recycling

20. UNETHICAL PROBLEM OF SOLID WASTE• Production of too much waste
Companies and producers striving to
maximize profits by producing one-time use
products without prioritizing on reuse,
recycling
• Most of the waste is toxic
Waste contain toxic chemicals, such as
Biphenyl-A (BPA) – often present in plastic
toys, but still poorly regulated.

21. UNETHICAL PROBLEM OF SOLID WASTE
• Some of the technologies marked as “green”
are not true in actual sense
Gasification, pyrolysis burns up waste with
little or no oxygen and for this reason; it
doesn’t differentiate them from the traditional
incinerators which produce energy from
burning waste.

22. SOLUTIONS FOR PROBLEMS
• Eco-responsibility – “Reduce, Re-use,
Recycle”
Help reduce the levels of unsustainable
waste that prove problematic in various
environments across the globe.
• Effective waste disposal and
management
Implementation of waste disposal plan which
must include proper monitoring and regulation
of municipal solid and food waste, livestock
waste, sewage sludge, clinical waste, and
construction waste.

23. SOLUTIONS FOR PROBLEMS
• Waste Diversion Plans
Help reduce the levels of unsustainable
waste that prove problematic in various
environments across the globe.
• Improvements of thermal waste
treatment
Green groups and academicians can explore the
possible developments with regards to advanced
thermal waste treatment techniques.

24. SOLUTIONS FOR PROBLEMS
• Polluter pays principle and eco-product
responsibility
The principle will require those who generate
waste to pay for the suitable disposal of non-
reclaimable materials.

25. Do's and Don'ts IN SOLID WASTE
DO’S
• Separate household garbage from recycling
and from yard waste.
• Set items out no later than 6 a.m. on
collection day and no earlier than 5 p.m. the
day prior.
• Remove empty receptacles by 6 a.m. the day
after collection.
• Make sure what you set out meets the
standards in this guide.
• Be sure there is no hazardous waste in your
household garbage.
• Recycle as much as possible.
• Help fight blight and report illegal dumping.
DON’Ts
• Stack items for collection in front of or
immediately next to mailboxes, fire hydrants,
utility poles, meters or utility boxes, or
overhead utility lines or low hanging tree
limbs.
• Block sidewalks, driveways, vehicle travel
lanes or parking spots.
• Discard hazardous waste with household
garbage.
• Forget to follow the collection standards in
this guide.
• Contribute to blight by littering or dumping
waste illegally.