The document describes the states of matter, including solids, liquids, and gases, and their characteristics, focusing on particle arrangement and movement. It also differentiates between physical changes, where no new products are formed, and chemical changes, where new substances are created. The lesson includes examples like water's different states and practice questions for reinforcement.

1. National 3
Chemistry
Online learning

2. Lesson 1- Learning intentions
• I can state what matter is
• I can state what the three states of matter are
• I can describe the particles of the three states
• I can describe the difference between the states.

3. Previous Lesson’s
• So far, we have learned about elements and compounds
• Element = Simplest form of a substance with one type of atom e.g.
Oxygen or Iron.
• Compound = Two or more elements chemically joined together e.g.
Iron oxide.

4. Today’s Lesson
• Today we look at what states we can find those elements and
compounds in.
• For example, water is a compound, BUT it can exist as ice, water or
steam. All with different behaviors.

5. What is Matter?
• Matter is simply a scientific word to describe all substance around you.
• The air you breath, the ground you walk or the water you drink – are all
matter
• They are all found in different states – solid, liquid, gas

6. Physical Change or Chemical?
• When a substance (like water) changes from solid to liquid this is known as a physical
change.
• A physical change is when no new products are made.
• The particles that make up the substance haven’t changed. You can change ice to water
and back to ice again.
• A chemical change is when new products are made
• The products cant be changed back – You can’t turn a baked cake back to eggs and flour.

7. The first state- Solid
• Solids have tightly packed particles and don’t have space to move.
• Particles have no space to move
• Doesn’t change shape
• Keeps the same volume
• This is why solids are usually tough and
heavy.
Model of particles in a
solid state

8. The first state- Liquid
• Liquids have a small amount of space between them.
• Particles quite close together
• Can change shape and flow
• Keeps the same volume
• This is why liquids flow and move around
Model of particles in a
liquid state

9. The first state- Gas
• Gases have a large amount of space between them.
• Particles far apart and move freely
• Can change shape and flow
• Has no fixed volume. Can spread out
• This is why gases often float and fills a
room
Model of particles in a
gas state

10. Videos – Easier to visualise
• States of matter
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21CR01rlmv4

11. Practice Questions
• What state of matter would you find wood in?
• Solid
• Why does water flow?
• Because the particles have space between them and have room to
move easily.
• Is frying an egg a chemical change or a physical change? Why do you
think that?
• Chemical change, because you can’t uncook an egg back to the clear
liquid egg