The document describes a Socratic seminar, which is a method for logically examining opinions about a text through dialogue. It involves an inner and outer circle of students. The inner circle leads the discussion by posing questions and building on each other's ideas, while the outer circle observes and provides feedback. Guidelines include coming prepared, referring to the text, taking turns speaking, and keeping the discussion focused on the text. The facilitator's role is to ask questions, challenge assumptions, and ensure the discussion remains collaborative rather than becoming a debate.

1. The Socratic Seminar

2. What is a Socratic
Seminar?
A method used to
understand information by
logically examining
opinions regarding a
specific text through
dialogue.

3. Dialogue Debate
Is collaborative: multiple sides work toward
shared understanding.
Is oppositional: two opposing sides try to prove
each other wrong.
One listens to understand, to make meaning
and to find common ground.
One listens to find flaws, to spot differences,
and to counter arguments.
Enlarges and possibly changes a participant’s
point of view
Defends assumptions as truth.
Creates an open-minded attitude: an openness
to being wrong and an openness to change.
Creates a close-minded attitude, a
determination to be right.
One submits one’s best thinking, expecting that
other peoples’ reflections will help improve it
rather than threaten it.
One submits one’s best thinking and defends it
against challenge to show that it is right.
Calls for temporarily suspending one’s beliefs. Calls for investing wholeheartedly in one’s
beliefs.
One searches for strengths in all positions. One searchers for weaknesses in the other
positions.
Respects all the other participants and seeks
not to alienate or offend.
Rebuts contrary positions and my belittle or
deprecate other participants.
Assumes that many people have pieces of
answers and that cooperation can leas to a
greater understanding.
assumes a single right answer that somebody
already has.
Remains open-ended. Demands a conclusion.

4. Classroom Arrangement
Inner Circle
Outer Circle

5. Participant Roles
Inner Circle:
Owns the discussion.
Poses ideas and
questions that are
interesting to them.
Adds to what others have
said.
Outer Circle:
Closely watches the
members of the inner
circle.
Critiques/evaluates.
Trouble-shoots.
Records main ideas and
dropped ideas.

6. Guidelines For Seminar
Come prepared.
Refer to the text.
Stick to the point currently under
discussion.
Don’t raise hands; take turns
speaking.
Talk to each other not to the teacher.

7. Facilitator’s Role
Ask students to cite support from the text if the
conversation begins to wander.
Keep conversations from becoming a debate.
Ask students questions to challenge their
assumptions.
Ask the outer circle to re-introduce the points
they thought were especially good or prematurely
dropped.