Functionalism theories of religion view religion as serving important social functions by creating social solidarity and order. Rituals and sacred symbols help integrate members of society and make them dependent on the social group. Studying the simplest religious practices of Aboriginal clans shows how religion reinforces social norms and values, motivating individuals to contribute to the well-being of their society. In this way, religion helps maintain social stability and allows civilizations to develop.

1. Functionalist Theories of Religion
The key feature of religion is not the belief in gods, spirits OR the
supernatural! It is a distinction between the sacred and profane found
in ALL religions. Religion is never simply a set of beliefs; it involves
definite rituals or ‘practices’ in relation to the sacred and these rituals
are collective- performed by social groups.
I believe that the identifying nature of all religion could be found by
studying its simplest form, in the simplest time of society- clan
society. For this reason, I used the studies of an Aboriginal tribe
called the‘Arunta’. This clan consists of bands who come together
every so often to perform rituals involving worship of the sacred
totem. This totem gives the clan a sense of purpose and belonging,
as they use it as symbolism throughout their life. When they worship
for example, an animal, they are actually worshipping society. They
may not realise this, but their beliefs make them utterly dependant on
their clan.
Sacred symbols represent the collective conscience of society, meaning that the hold society together
with shared norms and values. Regular shared religious rituals help integrate society and make
individuals realise that they owe everything to society; meaning they are less likely to work against it.
Religion is good for an individual so they can feel part of something. This to which they owe so much,
they work for- therefore society becomes a well maintained and developed system.
Religion is not only a source of social solidarity; it also helps people to become intellectual thinkers.
Before we think in depth, we must develop an understanding of time, space, substance and cause.
Religion builds a reason for everything and barriers to follow. This helps people to develop things
such as science, which can help society.