This document summarizes a study on the socioeconomic situation of scavengers in Johor State, Malaysia. The key findings are:
1) Scavenging provides income for many, though most earn less than $13 per week. There are four types of scavengers in Malaysia.
2) Scavengers face hazardous work conditions and many lack access to basic necessities or training. While scavenging reduces waste, they have little knowledge of safety or environmental issues.
3) Diseases are common among scavengers and their families due to unsanitary work conditions. The most frequent diseases are hypertension, diabetes, asthma, and heart disease.
4) Scavengers play an
The library rules document provides information about rules, resources, procedures, rewards, and consequences for the school library. Key points include:
- Respect library materials, follow proper behavior, and share resources with others
- Books can be checked out for 7 weeks and renewed if needed, reference materials stay in the library
- Procedures include entering quietly, staying seated, raising your hand, and keeping materials organized
- Rewards include celebrations for on-time returns, helpers are chosen based on responsibility, and reading logs earn prize drawings
- Consequences include warnings and removal for disruptions, with an expected apology to continue participation
Presented by Andrea Schuler at the Annual Conference of the Visual Resources Association, March 10-15, 2015, in Denver, Colorado.
Session 5: What Do We Do With All These Slides? Case Studies
ORGANIZER: Dawn Feavyour, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL
MODERATOR: Maureen Burns, IMAGinED Consulting, CA
PRESENTERS:
Maureen Burns, IMAGinED Consulting, CA
Dawn Feavyour, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL
Karen Kessel, Sonoma State University, CA
Randi Millman-Brown, Ithaca College, NY
Andrea Schuler, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
Marsha Taichman, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
"What do we do with all these slides?" is a question frequently encountered by VRA members during the last several years. Various case studies, representing different scenarios, stages, processes and outcomes, will address this question, offering suggestions that may include archiving, digitizing, disposing, and/or recycling of 35 mm slides, in addition to ideas for re-purposing the spaces left behind by slide collections.
Efficient and effective searching in ARTstor requires understanding search techniques like wildcards, phrases, field searching and using terms that will return the most relevant results. It is important to expect variations in spelling, titles, attributions and collections, and to use multiple search strategies like starting broad and refining and using Google to find additional clues. Persistence and creativity are needed to locate images when information is limited or inconsistent. The best searches use specific, distinctive terms rather than subjective descriptions.
Presented by Maureen Burns at the Annual Conference of the Visual Resources Association, March 10-15, 2015, in Denver, Colorado.
Session 5: What Do We Do With All These Slides? Case Studies
ORGANIZER: Dawn Feavyour, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL
MODERATOR: Maureen Burns, IMAGinED Consulting, CA
PRESENTERS:
Maureen Burns, IMAGinED Consulting, CA
Dawn Feavyour, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL
Karen Kessel, Sonoma State University, CA
Randi Millman-Brown, Ithaca College, NY
Andrea Schuler, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
Marsha Taichman, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
"What do we do with all these slides?" is a question frequently encountered by VRA members during the last several years. Various case studies, representing different scenarios, stages, processes and outcomes, will address this question, offering suggestions that may include archiving, digitizing, disposing, and/or recycling of 35 mm slides, in addition to ideas for re-purposing the spaces left behind by slide collections.
Presented by Marsha Taichman at the Annual Conference of the Visual Resources Association, March 10-15, 2015, in Denver, Colorado.
Session 5: What Do We Do With All These Slides? Case Studies
ORGANIZER: Dawn Feavyour, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL
MODERATOR: Maureen Burns, IMAGinED Consulting, CA
PRESENTERS:
Maureen Burns, IMAGinED Consulting, CA
Dawn Feavyour, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL
Karen Kessel, Sonoma State University, CA
Randi Millman-Brown, Ithaca College, NY
Andrea Schuler, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
Marsha Taichman, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
"What do we do with all these slides?" is a question frequently encountered by VRA members during the last several years. Various case studies, representing different scenarios, stages, processes and outcomes, will address this question, offering suggestions that may include archiving, digitizing, disposing, and/or recycling of 35 mm slides, in addition to ideas for re-purposing the spaces left behind by slide collections.
Presented by Randi Millman-Brown at the Annual Conference of the Visual Resources Association, March 10-15, 2015, in Denver, Colorado.
Session 5: What Do We Do With All These Slides? Case Studies
ORGANIZER: Dawn Feavyour, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL
MODERATOR: Maureen Burns, IMAGinED Consulting, CA
PRESENTERS:
Maureen Burns, IMAGinED Consulting, CA
Dawn Feavyour, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL
Karen Kessel, Sonoma State University, CA
Randi Millman-Brown, Ithaca College, NY
Andrea Schuler, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
Marsha Taichman, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
"What do we do with all these slides?" is a question frequently encountered by VRA members during the last several years. Various case studies, representing different scenarios, stages, processes and outcomes, will address this question, offering suggestions that may include archiving, digitizing, disposing, and/or recycling of 35 mm slides, in addition to ideas for re-purposing the spaces left behind by slide collections
Mission san juan capistrano lesson plan geographycgchaveza
The fourth grade students will take a field trip to Mission San Juan Capistrano to learn more about the Spanish missions in California. During the field trip, students will split into groups and complete a scavenger hunt around the mission, describing important sites and taking pictures. Afterward, students will write a one page paper about what they saw and learned. Back in the classroom, each student will write a paragraph summarizing the pictures taken at the mission and relating them to California history facts. The students' work will be compiled into a class book summarizing their experiences at the mission field trip.
The library rules document provides information about rules, resources, procedures, rewards, and consequences for the school library. Key points include:
- Respect library materials, follow proper behavior, and share resources with others
- Books can be checked out for 7 weeks and renewed if needed, reference materials stay in the library
- Procedures include entering quietly, staying seated, raising your hand, and keeping materials organized
- Rewards include celebrations for on-time returns, helpers are chosen based on responsibility, and reading logs earn prize drawings
- Consequences include warnings and removal for disruptions, with an expected apology to continue participation
Presented by Andrea Schuler at the Annual Conference of the Visual Resources Association, March 10-15, 2015, in Denver, Colorado.
Session 5: What Do We Do With All These Slides? Case Studies
ORGANIZER: Dawn Feavyour, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL
MODERATOR: Maureen Burns, IMAGinED Consulting, CA
PRESENTERS:
Maureen Burns, IMAGinED Consulting, CA
Dawn Feavyour, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL
Karen Kessel, Sonoma State University, CA
Randi Millman-Brown, Ithaca College, NY
Andrea Schuler, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
Marsha Taichman, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
"What do we do with all these slides?" is a question frequently encountered by VRA members during the last several years. Various case studies, representing different scenarios, stages, processes and outcomes, will address this question, offering suggestions that may include archiving, digitizing, disposing, and/or recycling of 35 mm slides, in addition to ideas for re-purposing the spaces left behind by slide collections.
Efficient and effective searching in ARTstor requires understanding search techniques like wildcards, phrases, field searching and using terms that will return the most relevant results. It is important to expect variations in spelling, titles, attributions and collections, and to use multiple search strategies like starting broad and refining and using Google to find additional clues. Persistence and creativity are needed to locate images when information is limited or inconsistent. The best searches use specific, distinctive terms rather than subjective descriptions.
Presented by Maureen Burns at the Annual Conference of the Visual Resources Association, March 10-15, 2015, in Denver, Colorado.
Session 5: What Do We Do With All These Slides? Case Studies
ORGANIZER: Dawn Feavyour, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL
MODERATOR: Maureen Burns, IMAGinED Consulting, CA
PRESENTERS:
Maureen Burns, IMAGinED Consulting, CA
Dawn Feavyour, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL
Karen Kessel, Sonoma State University, CA
Randi Millman-Brown, Ithaca College, NY
Andrea Schuler, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
Marsha Taichman, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
"What do we do with all these slides?" is a question frequently encountered by VRA members during the last several years. Various case studies, representing different scenarios, stages, processes and outcomes, will address this question, offering suggestions that may include archiving, digitizing, disposing, and/or recycling of 35 mm slides, in addition to ideas for re-purposing the spaces left behind by slide collections.
Presented by Marsha Taichman at the Annual Conference of the Visual Resources Association, March 10-15, 2015, in Denver, Colorado.
Session 5: What Do We Do With All These Slides? Case Studies
ORGANIZER: Dawn Feavyour, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL
MODERATOR: Maureen Burns, IMAGinED Consulting, CA
PRESENTERS:
Maureen Burns, IMAGinED Consulting, CA
Dawn Feavyour, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL
Karen Kessel, Sonoma State University, CA
Randi Millman-Brown, Ithaca College, NY
Andrea Schuler, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
Marsha Taichman, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
"What do we do with all these slides?" is a question frequently encountered by VRA members during the last several years. Various case studies, representing different scenarios, stages, processes and outcomes, will address this question, offering suggestions that may include archiving, digitizing, disposing, and/or recycling of 35 mm slides, in addition to ideas for re-purposing the spaces left behind by slide collections.
Presented by Randi Millman-Brown at the Annual Conference of the Visual Resources Association, March 10-15, 2015, in Denver, Colorado.
Session 5: What Do We Do With All These Slides? Case Studies
ORGANIZER: Dawn Feavyour, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL
MODERATOR: Maureen Burns, IMAGinED Consulting, CA
PRESENTERS:
Maureen Burns, IMAGinED Consulting, CA
Dawn Feavyour, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL
Karen Kessel, Sonoma State University, CA
Randi Millman-Brown, Ithaca College, NY
Andrea Schuler, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
Marsha Taichman, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
"What do we do with all these slides?" is a question frequently encountered by VRA members during the last several years. Various case studies, representing different scenarios, stages, processes and outcomes, will address this question, offering suggestions that may include archiving, digitizing, disposing, and/or recycling of 35 mm slides, in addition to ideas for re-purposing the spaces left behind by slide collections
Mission san juan capistrano lesson plan geographycgchaveza
The fourth grade students will take a field trip to Mission San Juan Capistrano to learn more about the Spanish missions in California. During the field trip, students will split into groups and complete a scavenger hunt around the mission, describing important sites and taking pictures. Afterward, students will write a one page paper about what they saw and learned. Back in the classroom, each student will write a paragraph summarizing the pictures taken at the mission and relating them to California history facts. The students' work will be compiled into a class book summarizing their experiences at the mission field trip.
Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the major environmental issues in cities of many
developing countries, including Nepal. Urbanization, Industrialization and economic
development has led to increasing generation of municipal solid waste (MSW). The use of
products that generate hazardous waste is another concern. Unmanaged disposal of medical
wastes from hospitals and clinics also contribute to pollution and public health hazards in the
localities. Therefore, SWM has become a major concern for the municipalities of Nepal. The
total sample size of 21 from the households, Restaurants, Hotels, commercial shops (including
Fruit shop, Barber shop, Spectacle shop, Library, Book shop etc.) were collected around
Kathmandu municipality.
The document proposes a marketing plan called "Zero Waste, Think Waste Segregation" to address Thailand's solid waste problem. The plan aims to reduce total waste by 92% in two years through a mass media campaign promoting waste segregation. It would provide separate bins for households and educate students. The marketing mix would include currency from recyclables, discounts for participating stores, and fines for non-compliance. The goal is to increase awareness of waste segregation's benefits like cost savings and a cleaner environment.
This document is a literature review for a master's thesis examining whether nudges can promote the purchase of products with recyclable packaging. The review covers responsible consumption, packaging and recycling, and nudges. It defines responsible consumption and explores factors influencing individual environmental behavior, including values, knowledge, norms, beliefs and habits. It also discusses the attitude-intention-behavior gap and dissonance theory. The document reviews the functions and perceptions of eco-friendly packaging, as well as the concept of nudges and their applications to promote pro-environmental behaviors.
The goal of this European Training Course is to give tools to our partner organizations and the European youth workers to be able to increase the youngster’s knowledge about the global food system. We aimed to give to the participants concrete solutions to improve their food consuming in their everyday life and in their activities with youth people. Doing that, we aim to increase the awareness of the youth workers about today's world food issues and its local solutions and alternatives.
We first concentrated in global issues and then experimented several possibilities that can be done on local level.
The document discusses solid waste management issues in Aurangabad, Maharashtra. It notes that improper waste disposal negatively impacts the environment, health, and local economy. The city of Aurangabad generates around 40 tons of waste per day. For 49 years, waste was dumped in an open site in Naregaon village near Aurangabad, but this caused environmental pollution and health problems for locals. The document analyzes Aurangabad's current waste management practices, classifications of waste, and problems with improper management. It suggests the situation requires immediate action and attention to tackle issues from waste generation to disposal.
The document discusses findings from a survey of 1,000 consumers about their purchase of eco-friendly apparel. Some key findings include:
- While many consumers consider sustainability when shopping for clothes, they believe it is less important for apparel than for food or household items.
- Top decision factors for apparel are comfort, price, and quality, but eco-features are also important to many shoppers.
- Lack of availability and awareness of eco-options are seen as barriers to greater eco-apparel purchases. Many want more information at point of sale.
- Popular categories for past eco-apparel purchases include footwear, casual women's clothes, and activewear. Several categories show strong future
The document discusses household waste and its sources, health and environmental impacts of improper waste management, and interventions to improve household waste management. It defines different types of household waste including solid, liquid, and excreta wastes. Improper storage and disposal of waste can cause various health problems and pollute the environment. The review identifies a need for educating people on proper waste management practices like segregation, storage, and safe disposal to protect health and environment.
The document discusses a marketing plan called "Zero Waste, Think Waste Segregation" aimed at reducing waste in Thailand. The plan proposes launching a multimedia campaign to educate the public on proper waste segregation. It also suggests providing more waste bins and recycling machines. The target audience is households and students in Thailand. The goals are to reduce total waste by 92% in two years and lower waste management costs. Barriers include public attitudes, but benefits include revenue from recycling and environmental protection.
Plastics and polythene are non-biodegradable in nature, made from non-renewable resources and it can be remained in the environment for several years. The usage of plastic and polythene bags is one of the major reasons for the environmental and health hazards. This study was done to find out the current status of awareness level of the environment and health hazards associated with the usage of plastic and polythene bags among people who live in Trincomalee town area. Survey was conducted in Trincomalee town in April 2019. Data was collected by questionnaire survey to any adult member in each of the selected household. Most of the participants (78%) had an awareness of environment and health hazards. Even though participants continuing to use due to the easy availability and durability.
The document discusses garbage in cities using a Pareto diagram. It analyzes garbage data from Mumbai and finds that the top 5 types of garbage - paper, food scraps, yard trimmings, plastic, and metal - make up 80% of the total garbage. It then provides a problem statement for each of these top 5 garbage types, discussing the environmental and other issues they cause and possible solutions. The team learned about the benefits of Pareto diagrams for analyzing processes and the importance of properly managing different types of garbage to improve city conditions.
Material Recovery from Wastes: An Employment and Poverty Alleviation ToolAZOJETE UNIMAID
This document discusses material recovery from wastes in Maiduguri, Nigeria as a tool for employment and poverty alleviation. It examines three waste collection scenarios involving 5000 participants over 24 months. Key findings include:
- Annual estimates of material recovered include 16.8 tons of bottles/glasses, 158.4 tons of plastics/rubber, and 264 tons of metal.
- Considerable income was generated from sales of recovered materials, totaling over N2 million annually.
- Material recovery, reuse and recycling provided livelihoods and constituted human capacity development for many involved in the activity.
waste management of waste papers (Keywords: Recycling of waste papers, paper ...vasupatel100
India has become a world leader in waste paper production due to China restricting waste paper imports in 2018, leading Western countries to export over 200% more waste paper to India. India relies heavily on imported waste paper as a raw material for its paper industry since it lacks sufficient forests to produce pulp. The influx of waste paper imports has helped fuel India's large newspaper industry and meet the needs of its growing packaging and publishing sectors.
IRJET- A Comprehensive Study of Solid Waste Management in Mangalore City-Case...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on solid waste management in Mangalore City, India. It finds that Mangalore generates approximately 226 tons of solid waste per day, with per capita waste generation of 0.4524 kg per day and household per capita generation of 0.2095 kg per day. Though generation levels are not alarming, waste management practices need improvement. Currently there is some segregation, door-to-door collection, and processing via windrow composting and vermicomposting. However, most waste is ultimately landfilled. The study calls for better segregation, collection, and use of decentralized waste-to-energy technologies to reduce burden on landfills and improve sustainability of Mangalore's solid waste
The document discusses waste management practices in India. It notes that India generates around 10-12 million tons of waste annually, which is mostly inert and non-biodegradable. The typical waste management system involves collection, transportation, segregation, treatment and disposal. However, open dumping is common practice and adversely impacts the environment and public health. It also outlines the various waste types (municipal, hazardous, biomedical, electronic), relevant laws and policies, and challenges around lack of awareness, collection/segregation issues. Improved government policies, more sustainable industry practices, and increased public participation are suggested to address the growing waste problem.
IRJET- Substituting Natural Fiber by Plastic WasteIRJET Journal
This document discusses substituting natural fibers like rice straw with plastic waste in composite materials to enhance sustainability. Plastic waste is a major environmental issue in developing countries like India due to high population growth. The objective is to improve the mechanical properties of plastics by reinforcing with treated natural fibers. Rice straw will be treated through chemical and carbonization methods before being reinforced in plastic composites. The composites will be tested to analyze the effect of fiber reinforcement on flexural and tensile strength compared to non-reinforced recycled plastic.
Municipal Dumping Site and Its Health Hazards to the proximate communities at...Dr. Pranabjyoti Das
The document summarizes a field study on the municipal dumping site and its health hazards in Barjalah, Tangla district in Assam, India. It finds that:
1) Around 15-17 quintals of solid waste is generated daily in Tangla town, of which only around half is collected.
2) The remaining waste is dumped indiscriminately, including at Barjalah, posing environmental and health risks like infectious diseases and water/soil pollution.
3) The Barjalah dumping site is not well-maintained and could contaminate groundwater, while open dumping provides breeding grounds for disease vectors.
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
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Similar to Socioeconomic of scavenger study case at johore state, malaysia
Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the major environmental issues in cities of many
developing countries, including Nepal. Urbanization, Industrialization and economic
development has led to increasing generation of municipal solid waste (MSW). The use of
products that generate hazardous waste is another concern. Unmanaged disposal of medical
wastes from hospitals and clinics also contribute to pollution and public health hazards in the
localities. Therefore, SWM has become a major concern for the municipalities of Nepal. The
total sample size of 21 from the households, Restaurants, Hotels, commercial shops (including
Fruit shop, Barber shop, Spectacle shop, Library, Book shop etc.) were collected around
Kathmandu municipality.
The document proposes a marketing plan called "Zero Waste, Think Waste Segregation" to address Thailand's solid waste problem. The plan aims to reduce total waste by 92% in two years through a mass media campaign promoting waste segregation. It would provide separate bins for households and educate students. The marketing mix would include currency from recyclables, discounts for participating stores, and fines for non-compliance. The goal is to increase awareness of waste segregation's benefits like cost savings and a cleaner environment.
This document is a literature review for a master's thesis examining whether nudges can promote the purchase of products with recyclable packaging. The review covers responsible consumption, packaging and recycling, and nudges. It defines responsible consumption and explores factors influencing individual environmental behavior, including values, knowledge, norms, beliefs and habits. It also discusses the attitude-intention-behavior gap and dissonance theory. The document reviews the functions and perceptions of eco-friendly packaging, as well as the concept of nudges and their applications to promote pro-environmental behaviors.
The goal of this European Training Course is to give tools to our partner organizations and the European youth workers to be able to increase the youngster’s knowledge about the global food system. We aimed to give to the participants concrete solutions to improve their food consuming in their everyday life and in their activities with youth people. Doing that, we aim to increase the awareness of the youth workers about today's world food issues and its local solutions and alternatives.
We first concentrated in global issues and then experimented several possibilities that can be done on local level.
The document discusses solid waste management issues in Aurangabad, Maharashtra. It notes that improper waste disposal negatively impacts the environment, health, and local economy. The city of Aurangabad generates around 40 tons of waste per day. For 49 years, waste was dumped in an open site in Naregaon village near Aurangabad, but this caused environmental pollution and health problems for locals. The document analyzes Aurangabad's current waste management practices, classifications of waste, and problems with improper management. It suggests the situation requires immediate action and attention to tackle issues from waste generation to disposal.
The document discusses findings from a survey of 1,000 consumers about their purchase of eco-friendly apparel. Some key findings include:
- While many consumers consider sustainability when shopping for clothes, they believe it is less important for apparel than for food or household items.
- Top decision factors for apparel are comfort, price, and quality, but eco-features are also important to many shoppers.
- Lack of availability and awareness of eco-options are seen as barriers to greater eco-apparel purchases. Many want more information at point of sale.
- Popular categories for past eco-apparel purchases include footwear, casual women's clothes, and activewear. Several categories show strong future
The document discusses household waste and its sources, health and environmental impacts of improper waste management, and interventions to improve household waste management. It defines different types of household waste including solid, liquid, and excreta wastes. Improper storage and disposal of waste can cause various health problems and pollute the environment. The review identifies a need for educating people on proper waste management practices like segregation, storage, and safe disposal to protect health and environment.
The document discusses a marketing plan called "Zero Waste, Think Waste Segregation" aimed at reducing waste in Thailand. The plan proposes launching a multimedia campaign to educate the public on proper waste segregation. It also suggests providing more waste bins and recycling machines. The target audience is households and students in Thailand. The goals are to reduce total waste by 92% in two years and lower waste management costs. Barriers include public attitudes, but benefits include revenue from recycling and environmental protection.
Plastics and polythene are non-biodegradable in nature, made from non-renewable resources and it can be remained in the environment for several years. The usage of plastic and polythene bags is one of the major reasons for the environmental and health hazards. This study was done to find out the current status of awareness level of the environment and health hazards associated with the usage of plastic and polythene bags among people who live in Trincomalee town area. Survey was conducted in Trincomalee town in April 2019. Data was collected by questionnaire survey to any adult member in each of the selected household. Most of the participants (78%) had an awareness of environment and health hazards. Even though participants continuing to use due to the easy availability and durability.
The document discusses garbage in cities using a Pareto diagram. It analyzes garbage data from Mumbai and finds that the top 5 types of garbage - paper, food scraps, yard trimmings, plastic, and metal - make up 80% of the total garbage. It then provides a problem statement for each of these top 5 garbage types, discussing the environmental and other issues they cause and possible solutions. The team learned about the benefits of Pareto diagrams for analyzing processes and the importance of properly managing different types of garbage to improve city conditions.
Material Recovery from Wastes: An Employment and Poverty Alleviation ToolAZOJETE UNIMAID
This document discusses material recovery from wastes in Maiduguri, Nigeria as a tool for employment and poverty alleviation. It examines three waste collection scenarios involving 5000 participants over 24 months. Key findings include:
- Annual estimates of material recovered include 16.8 tons of bottles/glasses, 158.4 tons of plastics/rubber, and 264 tons of metal.
- Considerable income was generated from sales of recovered materials, totaling over N2 million annually.
- Material recovery, reuse and recycling provided livelihoods and constituted human capacity development for many involved in the activity.
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India has become a world leader in waste paper production due to China restricting waste paper imports in 2018, leading Western countries to export over 200% more waste paper to India. India relies heavily on imported waste paper as a raw material for its paper industry since it lacks sufficient forests to produce pulp. The influx of waste paper imports has helped fuel India's large newspaper industry and meet the needs of its growing packaging and publishing sectors.
IRJET- A Comprehensive Study of Solid Waste Management in Mangalore City-Case...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on solid waste management in Mangalore City, India. It finds that Mangalore generates approximately 226 tons of solid waste per day, with per capita waste generation of 0.4524 kg per day and household per capita generation of 0.2095 kg per day. Though generation levels are not alarming, waste management practices need improvement. Currently there is some segregation, door-to-door collection, and processing via windrow composting and vermicomposting. However, most waste is ultimately landfilled. The study calls for better segregation, collection, and use of decentralized waste-to-energy technologies to reduce burden on landfills and improve sustainability of Mangalore's solid waste
The document discusses waste management practices in India. It notes that India generates around 10-12 million tons of waste annually, which is mostly inert and non-biodegradable. The typical waste management system involves collection, transportation, segregation, treatment and disposal. However, open dumping is common practice and adversely impacts the environment and public health. It also outlines the various waste types (municipal, hazardous, biomedical, electronic), relevant laws and policies, and challenges around lack of awareness, collection/segregation issues. Improved government policies, more sustainable industry practices, and increased public participation are suggested to address the growing waste problem.
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This document discusses substituting natural fibers like rice straw with plastic waste in composite materials to enhance sustainability. Plastic waste is a major environmental issue in developing countries like India due to high population growth. The objective is to improve the mechanical properties of plastics by reinforcing with treated natural fibers. Rice straw will be treated through chemical and carbonization methods before being reinforced in plastic composites. The composites will be tested to analyze the effect of fiber reinforcement on flexural and tensile strength compared to non-reinforced recycled plastic.
Municipal Dumping Site and Its Health Hazards to the proximate communities at...Dr. Pranabjyoti Das
The document summarizes a field study on the municipal dumping site and its health hazards in Barjalah, Tangla district in Assam, India. It finds that:
1) Around 15-17 quintals of solid waste is generated daily in Tangla town, of which only around half is collected.
2) The remaining waste is dumped indiscriminately, including at Barjalah, posing environmental and health risks like infectious diseases and water/soil pollution.
3) The Barjalah dumping site is not well-maintained and could contaminate groundwater, while open dumping provides breeding grounds for disease vectors.
Similar to Socioeconomic of scavenger study case at johore state, malaysia (17)
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
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This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
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Socioeconomic of scavenger study case at johore state, malaysia
1. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1719 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2863 (Online)
2863
Vol 2, No.7, 2012
Socioeconomic Of Scavenger: Study Case At Johore State,
Malaysia
Seow Ta Wee
Faculty of Technology Management and Business,
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
E-mail: tawee@uthm.edu.my
Abstract
The scavenging activities are one of the common phenomena in the Third World Countries. The scavengers are
the communities in solid waste management, they are often related to poorness, uneducated and unhealthy group
often
but they are playing the importance role in the recycling activities in Malaysia. The article discusses the
scavenging activities and the socioeconomic situation of scavengers in Malaysia. The result s showed that the
scavenging activities could generate the good income for most of the scavengers, there are four types of
scavengers in Malaysia, the scavengers did not report their true health information due to the some constraints,
60 percent of scavengers need necessity at their work place, they realize that the activities of scavenging can
s
reduce amount of solid waste, and lastly scavengers are exposed to the hazardous and unhealthy work place
environment. The decision maker must consider these communities into the solid waste management policy
communities
framework to prevent and provide them the healthy environment work place.
Keywords: Scavenger, socioeconomic, solid waste management
1. Introduction
In large cities throughout the developing world, poor individuals survive by salvaging waste materials, primarily
individuals
recyclable materials, in open dump sites. These people recover the material to sell for reuse or recycling. They
also collect different items for their own consumption. These people are generally known as scavengers or
ragpickers. Scavenging is a widespread phenomenon. In many developing countries, scavengers can be found on
the streets or in open dumps or landfill areas (JICA 2002). In most Asian countries, there is an informal recycling
system which works along with the formal system of municipal waste management system. Scavengers go from
home to home and buy recyclable material like paper, plastic, glass and old clothes, thus preventing these things
from going into dump sites (Seow 2004 & 2005).
It is difficult to quantify the total contribution of the informal sector to urban waste management. The
ifficult
informal nature of this sector inherently implies lack of official statistical data. Quantification of informal
recovery is therefore scarce an uncertain. For Mexico, scavengers are estimated to remove 10% of the municipal
waste (Bartone et al., 1991). In Bangalore, India the informal sector is claimed to prevent 15% of the municipal
waste going to the dumpsite (Baud and Schenk, 1994). In Karachi, the informal sector reduces municipal waste
collection by 10% (Ali et al., 1993). Based on the World Bank estimation, 1 – 2% of the population of big cities
is supported directly or indirectly by the refuse generated by the upper 10 – 20% of the population (Hogland and
Marques, 2000).
Scavenging not only provides a source of income to the poorer segments of the population but also reduces
the need for highly sophisticated and costly recovery systems. The objectives of this paper are (i) to determine
the level of social economic of scavengers; (ii) to determine the need at the work environment as a scavenger and
(iii) to discuss the health issue and environmental knowledge among the scavengers.
2. Method
The study was exploratory in nature using a set of questionnaire to survey the scavenger. The questionnaire
to
consisted of six parts. There are (i) background of the respondent; (ii) information of scavenging activities; (iii)
information of socioeconomic; (iv) income information; (v) information of health; and (vi) knowle knowledge of
environmental issues. The random method used to get the respondents at landfill, road side and institution. The
case study was carried out in Johore State of Malaysia. Random method is used in this study. Total respondents
is 206.
3. Result
The total of respondents in this study is 206 people. There are 48 respondents in Muar District, 31 respondents in
al
Batu Pahat District, 41 respondents in Kaluang District, 12 respondents in Kota Tinggi and 74 respondents in
Johor Bahru District. 154 (75%) of the respondents are male and others are female (25%). 25 of respondents are
foreigner, most of them are from Indonesia and Nepal. Figure 1 show that 18 % of the respondents never get the
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education, 37 % of the respondents just only have the education level at primary school, 41 % of the respondent
at the secondary school level and 4 % of the respondents are informal education (others).
Others
No Education
4%
18%
Secondary Primary
School School
41% 37%
Figure 1. Percentage of Scavenger’s Education Level
Like others countries, scavengers in Malaysia have two types, there are work as permanent and part time job, 30 %
are
of the scavenger work as full time job and others are park time. 15 % of respondents are work in landfill or dump
site, 19% in road site, 21 % in institution and 45 % are freelance to collect the recyclable mater in anywhere
material
(Figure 2). Most of the scavengers (41%) work 7 days per week, 33 % work 6 days per week, 13 % work 5 days
per week, 16 % work lest then 5 days. Most of them will spend 1 to 15 hours per day for work. Scavengers not
only collect the recyclable material for selling but they also kept it as own use for some of well product.
ble own-use
Commonly, the waste is sorted into different categories including paper, cardboard, textile, leather, aluminum
can, plastics, glass bottles, ferrous metal and wood. The table 1 show that the type of recyclable material and
table
own-use recyclable material such sofa, mattress, books, and clothes.
use
15%
Landfill
45%
19% Roadside
Institution
Freelance
21%
Figure 2: Percentage of Scavenger Category
Table 1. Frequency of Scavenger Sell and Own Use Recyclable Material
Type Sell Own use
Paper (included all types of paper boxes) 138 134
Plastic 47 45
Metal 178 177
Rubber 12 8
Leather 3 1
Textile 19 5
Glass 13 13
Food Waste 6 2
Most of the scavengers spend the productive period of their lives at the landfill while others work there
temporarily when unable to find employment in the labor market. They may have ordinary jobs such as security
guards, operators, house wife, cleaners, and blue collar worker. The scavenging activities produce the good
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income for scavenger. The Table 2 show that the average weekly income of scavengers earning through the
scavenging activities. Most of them earn less than RM50 (USD 13.16) per week. Most of scavengers buy
recyclable goods directly from households or shops, than sell it to the dealer. But some of scavengers acquire
recyclable waste from the streets, in heaps outside houses or the transfer station, although they do not usually
pay for the waste.
Table 2. Average Weekly Income
Income rate Frequency
Less then RM 50 (USD 13.16) 178
RM51 – RM100 (USD 13.17 – USD 26.32) 15
RM 101 – RM 150 (USD 26.33 – USD 39.47) 1
RM151 – RM200 (USD 39.48 – USD 52.63) 4
RM201 – RM250 (USD 52.64 – USD 65.79) 1
Nearly sixty percent from the total scavengers (57%) have their own house, 31 % from them rental the house, 24 %
from them staying at the landfill. Figure 3 show the basic facilities possessed by scavengers. 88 % of the
scavenger’s get the tar road front their house, 52% of scavengers use telephone or handphone / mobile phone, 90 %
of the scavenger get the clean water supply and electricity supply. Most of them have possessed by these
facilities. Table 3 show those main monthly household expenditure spend by scavengers. Scavengers spend large
amount for their house renting / installment, car installment and insurance.
12
Tar Road 88
48
Phone/Mobile phone 52
10
Water Supply 90
10
Electricity Supply 90
0 20 40 60 80 100
No Yes
Figure 3. Percentage of Basic Facilities
Table 3. Monthly Expense for Household Scavenger
Category Total (RM) $USD
House Renting/Installment 50 - 400 13.2 – 105.3
Car Installment 200 - 400 52.6 - 105.3
Electricity 1-100 0.3 -26.3
26.3
Water < 50 < 13.2
Phone (House) < 100 < 26.3
Handphone < 100 < 26.3
Insurance For Whole Family < 800 < 210.5
Medical < 50 < 13.2
The analysis shows (Figure 4) that scavenger really that they needed work training like technology usage, sorting
and segregation the waste. They also needed the knowledge regarding the safety, health and environment at their
egation
work place. They also concern about the law’s and regulation’s information but 81 of respondents they do not
need any necessity in their work place.
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100 81
72
80 59
53 52
60 45
40 29
20
20
0
T raining Health
Safety Environment Issue
T echnology Law
Not Needed Others
Figure 4. Frequency of Necessity of Training at Work Place
Human contact with refuse implies a high risk for a variety of diseases including tetanus, typhoid, hepatitis and
cholera. Infectious diseases can be spread either by direct contact with the waste, by animals such insects, birds,
waste,
goats and cows, or by windborne distribution. Table 4 show that the type of disease infected by scavenger and
their family. The common disease infected by scavenger and their family are hypertension (17 cases), diabetes
(13 cases), asthma (14 cases), heart disease (8 cases), skin disease (2 cases), kidney disease (2 cases), cancer (2
3
cases), HIV/AIDS (1 case) and others (15 cases). There is one case regarding with HIV/AIDS disease, that cases
is due to that scavenger is the drug addict. Most of them are sensitive when asked the question regarding with
their health information. Some of them threat the skin disease as a common disease because could not be taken
their life. Scavengers often live on or beside landfill (for those do not have house) in order to await the arrival of
waste filled trucks.
Table 4. Type of Disease Infected by Scavenger and Their Family
Type of Disease Frequency
Heart disease 8
Hypertension 17
Diabetes 13
Skin 2
Asthma 14
Kidney 2
Cancer 2
HIV/AIDS 1
Others 15
The total eleven of the question (Table 5) regarding with the scavenging activities and the issues of
environmental had been questioned. The results shown that 72 % of scavengers knowing that solid waste can
bring the diseases to the human, 72 % agreed that the solid waste is one of the environmental issue, most of the
scavengers do not know that they have to register with local authority to get the permit to do scavenging and
most of them also disagreed with the statement saying that scavenging activities expose to the hazardous work
environment. 79 % of scavengers disagreed that scavenging activities could bring harmful to the environmental.
At the same time, 61 % of them agreed that scavenger have to concern about their safety issue at their work
place and 91 % of them believed that scavenging reduce the amount of solid waste. 40 % of scavenger required
the special equipment usage and safety and environmental knowledge.
Table 5. Percentage of Opinion of Scavenger Regarding With The Environmental Issues (%)
Environmental
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Issues Yes Not Sure No
1. Solid waste could bring the disease 72 9 19
2. Solid waste is one of the environmental issue 75 18 7
3. Scavenging activities need to register with local authority 22 26 52
4. Scavenger expose to the hazardous work environment
o 26 29 45
5. Scavenging activities could bring harmful to the environmental 8 13 79
6. Scavenger have to concern the environmental issue 45 41 14
7. Scavenging reduce the amount of solid waste 91 5 4
8. Scavenger need the special equipment 40 32 28
9. Scavenger need the safety at work place 61 26 13
10. Scavenger need to expose to the safety knowledge 40 34 26
11. Scavenger need to expose to the environmental knowledge 40 34 26
4. Challengers of Scavenger
Scavengers are large informal sector which operates in parallel with the formal waste collection authorities. This
informal sector is mainly guided by market forces. It is difficult to quantify the total contribution of the informal
sector to urban waste management. The informal nature of this sector inherently implies lack of official
te
statistical data. Quantification of informal recovery is therefore scarce and uncertain.
Based on the studied, the challenges of scavengers in Malaysia could be concluded into below phenomena:
concluded
Scavengers in Malaysia play the importance role in the formal and informal solid waste management
especially in term of waste minimization.
Activities of scavenging have done full time and part time work for some interest parties in Malaysia.
Scavengers in Malaysia are exposed to the hazardous and unhealthy work place environment.
Scavengers do not know they have to register with local authority to get the license in their daily
activities.
Work place condition is unhealthy and uns
unsafely.
Scavengers urgently needed the training regarding with safety and health at work places.
The values (price) of the recyclable material depend on the global market price therefore will affect
scavenger’s monthly income.
The informal sector can recover and return to productive use materials that would otherwise end up in the
recover
waste stream.
Activities of scavenging can be capable of handling large volumes of materials sorting activities for the
purposes of selling, reusing and recycling can reduce a vast amount of waste materials requiring collection
and transport.
5. Sustainable community: the way forward
What is the best policy to stimulate the quality of life for the scavengers? No single policy offers the right
solution for every country to follow. Action to improve conditions in scavenger’s community need the
sustainable way forward in dealing with other players in waste management communities. Sustainability requires
managing all households - individual, community, national, and global - in ways that ensure that our economy
at
and society can continue to exist without destroying the natural environment on which we all depend.
Sustainable communities acknowledge that there are limits to the natural, social and built systems upon which
we depend.
Sustainability is an issue for all communities, from small rural towns to large metropolitan areas where the
nability
solid waste are decreasing the quality of life. In a sustainable community, resource consumption is balanced by
resources assimilated by the ecosystem. The sustainability of a community is largely determined by the web of
The
resources providing its food, fiber, water, and energy needs and by the ability of natural systems to process its
wastes. A community is unsustainable if it consumes resources faster than they can be renewed, produces more
wastes than natural systems can process or relies upon distant sources for its basic needs.
Sustainable community development is the ability to make development choices which respect the
relationship between the three “E's-economy, ecology, and equity” (MACED, 2006). There are;
economy,
Economy - Economic activity should serve the common good, be self renewing, and build local assets and
self-renewing,
self-reliance.
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Ecology - Humans are part of nature, nature has limits, and communities are responsible for protecting
responsible
and building natural assets.
Equity - The opportunity for full participation in all activities, benefits, and decision
decision-making of a society.
While sustainability needs to be considered at all levels of decision making - local, regi regional, national, and
global. The primary goal of a sustainable local community is to meets its basic resource needs in ways that can
be continued in the future. To do this, we need to figure out what our basic needs are and how to meet those
needs most effectively. It is important for the community itself to become involved in the project. A sustainable
ctively.
community needs to be developed by the people who make up the community. It needs to be implemented every
day by the people who live and work in the communit
community.
A sustainable community means many things to the different people who live in. Everyone wants a secure,
productive job to support themselves. Everyone needs clean air to breathe and clean water to drink. Discovering
the needs of the community and finding ways to meet those needs is not difficult but it does require some effort.
finding
It begins by deciding what sustainable community would look like. There are as many different ways to create a
vision as there are communities that have done so. What is most important is that the vision be created by the
important
entire community: the well-to-do and those living in poverty, business owners and union workers, young and old.
do
Just as important as knowing what a community wants to become is knowing how to reach that goal. We n need
ways to tell whether the decisions we make are increasing or decreasing the overall community health of our
communities. Yet, essential ingredients include the approach in sustainable development need to take into
account for every policy makers.
Based on the available data, some strategies can be implemented in order to promote improvements in the
d
scavenger’s quality of life. In the methods used to reach this goal needs to take into account that scavenging a
non-capitalist activity articulated with the capitalist sector through the market. To transform scavenging, any
capitalist the
programs should introduce commodity relation and rationalization of production of recovered materials.
Improvements may be made through social, technical or managerial assistance and cred to transform the
credit,
scavengers into an organized cooperative. The actors of the informal sector should be incorporated into the
formal sector and for instance be provided with sanitary working conditions. Municipalities in developing
countries are slowly beginning to recognize the merits of the informal recovery sector. As a result some policy
makers have to try to accommodate scavengers in the policy.
The policy must be clarifying the some elements that could prevent these small communities, the policy
elements should include:
providing the long term view of the scavengers community;
to address the issue of economic, social or biological diversity in the scavengers communities;
to meet the issue of equity or fairness between current community residents or between current and future
residents.
provide the human capital like skills, abilities, health, safe and education.
6. Conclusion
The result showed us that scavenger communities work in the unhealthy and unsafely environment. They alert
that they are playing the importance role in recycling activities. The health issues are sensitive for them.
ing
Therefore, one policy has to decide to improve their situation. But the questions occur is how far the exiting solid
waste policy solid waste management has playing role in terms of taking account the important of contribution of
scavenger in current solid waste management? Finally, the question is - when the scavenger communities will
achieve the era of sustainable community in the modern society?
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97
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