The document discusses montane forests, which are forests found in mountainous areas. It describes how montane forests are divided based on altitude and the associated changes in temperature and vegetation. Specifically, it mentions that montane forests can be divided into wet temperate forests between 1,000-2,000 meters, temperate forests between 1,500-3,000 meters, and alpine vegetation above 3,600 meters. The document also discusses the wildlife, trees, and pastoral activities commonly found at different elevations within montane forests.

1. Montane Forest
The Beauty of Montane Forest

2. 1st Section
What are Montane Forest?
2nd Section
02 Pictography of Montane Forest
3rd Section
03 Division of Montane Forest
4th Section
04 Wildlife, Vegetation and Pasture in
Montane Forest
TABLE OF HighLights
01

3. What are Montaneforest?
• Montane forest refer to any forest found in mountains. Dense forests
are common in areas of moderate elevations. The montane forests are
highly affected by the climate which gets colder as the elevation
increases.
• As such, there is a succession of natural vegetation belts in the same
order as we see from the tropical to the tundra region.

4. Pictography
Some Beautiful Pictures of Montane forest.

5. Increase in Altitude
Decrease in Temperature
 On the basis of height, Montane forest can be divided into these Groups:
 The wet temperate forest. [1000-2000 meters]
 The temperate forests. [1500-3000 meters]
 Alpine vegetation. [Above 3,600 meters]
Vegetationof Montaneforest
Leads to the change in natural vegetation
and hence results in formation of montane
forest.

6. Divisionof Montane Forests
• Found between a height of 1000 and 2000 metres.
• Evergreen broadleaf trees like oaks and chestnuts are found.
• Found on low hill [Shiwaliks].
Wet Temperate Forest
Temperate forests
• Found between a height of 1500 and 3000 metres.
• Trees such as pine, deodar, Silver fir, Spruce and Cedar, which are
coniferous, are found here.
• Southern slopes of Himalayas, high altitude of South. India and North
Eastern part have this type of vegetation.

7. Alpine Vegetation
Both temperate vegetation and grassland makes up the Alpine vegetation
➜ Found 3,600 metres above the sea level.
➜ Silver fir, Junipers, pines and birches are common trees.
➜They get progressively stunned near snow-line.
Through shrubs and scrubs, they merge into the Alpine grassland
These grasslands are used by Gujjars and Bakarwals for grazing.
➜ At Higher Altitudes, Mosses and lichens forms part of Tundra vegetation.

8. WilDlife In montaneforestS
➜ The common animals found in these forests are Kashmir stag, spotted deer, wild sheep, jack
rabbit, Tibetan antelope, yak, snow leopard, squirrels, Shaggy horned wild ibex, bear and rare red
panda, sheep and goats with thick hair.
▶ Animals found in Montane forests
Mosses and Lichens at higher altitude. Shaggy horned wild Ibex Tibetan Antelope
➜ At higher altitudes, mosses and lichens are form part of tundra vegetation.

9. Pictography
Exotic Animals

10. Trees found in MontaneForest
➜ Deodar, a highly valued endemic species grows mainly in the western part of the Himalayan
range. Deodar is a durable wood mainly used in construction activity.
➜ The chinar and the walnut, which sustain the famous Kashmir handicrafts, belong to this zone.
➜ Blue pine and spruce appear at altitudes of 2,225-3,048 m.
Deodar Chinar Blue Pine

11. Pasturesin MontaneForest
➜ In the higher reaches there is a transition to Alpine forests and pastures.
➜ Silver firs, junipers, pines, birch and rhododendrons, etc. occur between 3,000-4,000 m.
➜ Pastures are used extensively for transhumance by tribes like the Gujjars, the Bakarwals,
The Bhotiyas and the Gaddis.
Bakarwalas Bhotiyas Gaddis

12. Pictography
People of Montane Areas

13. MontaneForest in India
➜ Most of the montane forests are
concentrated in the northern India, and some
parts of eastern India.
➜ These forests can be found in the higher hilly
areas of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, also in the
region of Eastern Himalayas to the east of 88°E
longitude including the hills of Assam, West
Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and
Nagaland

14. "A nation that destroys its soils destroys
itself. Forests are the lungs of our land,
purifying the air and giving fresh strength
to our people."
— Franklin D. Roosevelt

15. CreDits
Aryan Roy-10th, 11thand 12th Slide
01
02
03
Neel Karan-5th,6th and 7th Slide
Shaurya-8th and 9th Slide
04 Sameer Prasad-3rd and 4th Slide
05 Mayank Lathi-13th and 14th Slide

16. Thank You
-For your Precious Time