Social Conformity.pdf
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Some individuals feel a strong obligation to conform to their religious community's expectations, even if they conflict with personal beliefs, in order to maintain social approval within the group. This desire for acceptance can lead one to commit acts that would otherwise be considered wrong. Additionally, a sense of defending one's religion or protecting the community from threats through emotional or violent acts can occur when individuals are strongly motivated by a belief in their religious cause or certain interpretations of scripture.
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Religion, Culture, and Nursing Chapter 13 Patricia A. Hanson a.docx
Religion, Culture, and Nursing Chapter 13
Patricia A. Hanson and Margaret M. Andrews
Dimensions of Religion
Religion is complex and multifaceted in both form and function. Religious faith and the institutions derived from that faith become a central focus in meeting the human needs of those who believe. The majority of faith traditions address the issues of illness and wellness, of disease and healing, of caring and curing (Ebersole, Hess, & Luggan, 2008; Fogel & Rivera, 2010; Leonard & Carlson, 2010).
Religious Factors
Influencing Human Behavior First, it is necessary to identify specific religious factors that may influence human behavior. No single religious factor operates in isolation, but rather exists in combination with other religious factors and the person’s ethnic, racial, and cultural background. When religion and ethnicity combine to influence a person, the term ethnoreligion is sometimes used. Examples of ethnoreligious groups include the Amish, Russian Jews, Lebanese Muslims, Italian, Irish, or Polish Catholics, Tibetan Buddhists, American Samoan Mormons, and so forth. Faulkner and DeJong (1966) have proposed five major dimensions of religion in their classic work on the subject: experiential, ritualistic, ideologic, intellectual, and consequential.
Experiential Dimension The experiential dimension recognizes that all religions have expectations of members and that the religious person will at some point in life achieve direct knowledge of ultimate reality or will experience religious emotion. Every religion recognizes this subjective religious experience as a sign of religiosity.
Ritualistic Dimension The ritualistic dimension pertains to religious practices expected of the followers and may include worship, prayer, participation in sacraments, and fasting
Ideologic Dimension The ideologic dimension refers to the set of beliefs to which its followers must adhere in order to call themselves members. Commitment to the group or movement as a social process results, and members experience a sense of belonging or affiliation.
Intellectual Dimension The intellectual dimension refers to specific sets of beliefs or explanations or to the cognitive structuring of meaning. Members are expected to be informed about the basic tenets of the religion and to be familiar with sacred writings or scriptures. The intellectual and the ideologic are closely related because acceptance of a dimension presupposes knowledge of it.
Consequential Dimension The consequential dimension refers to religiously defined standards of conduct and to prescriptions that specify what followers’ attitudes and behaviors should be as a consequence of their religion. The consequential dimension governs people’s relationships with others.
Religious Dimensions in Relation to Health and Illness Obviously, each religious dimension has a different significance when related to matters of health and illness. Different religious cultures may emphasize one of the five ...
What is the difference between Religion and Spirituality?
What is the difference between Religion and Spirituality?The Center for Connection, Healing & Change
Read this blog to know the difference between Religion and Spirituality.SOCW 6210 Week 9 discussion post responses.Respond to at least.docx
SOCW 6210 Week 9 discussion post responses.
Respond to at least two colleagues in one of the following ways:
· State how your colleague's examples of spirituality's influence in client relationships resonate with you. Provide support for your perspective.
· State whether you are likely to use your client's strategy in your own social work practice, and explain why.
Be sure to support your responses with specific references to the resources. If you are using additional articles, be sure to provide full APA-formatted citations for your references.
Reply to the following Posts
MB’s post states the following:Top of Form
Post a Discussion in which you explain how considerations about clients' worldviews, including their spirituality or religious convictions, might affect your interactions with them. Provide at least two specific examples.
Social workers work with populations of people with different beliefs spiritually and religiously. As social workers we must learn to respect someone else’s values and beliefs. We also need to learn that people’s different values and beliefs influence their behaviors and interactions with people. We need to make sure that we respect other beliefs and not act on our own personal beliefs when working with clients. We need to be mindful of other cultures and their beliefs on such things like abortion and the roles of women. As a social worker I may believe personally that a woman should have the right to abort a baby but my client may believe abortions are not an option and may go against their religious beliefs. We must be mindful not to force our views on them. Another example would be in certain cultures they believe that the man is the head of the household and all communication and decisions will be made through the man. As the social worker we must honor that and not disrespect that by doing the opposite of what they believe just because its “normal or right” to us.
Explain one way your own spirituality or religious convictions might support your work with a client, and one barrier it might present.
As a social worker I must put my bias to the side and not let it get in the way of my professionalism. As a Christian I should not judge others this would be key in social work practice. This belief would remind me to stay open minded about others and why they may behave they way they do. A barrier would be me being judgmental and continuously bringing up my beliefs, forcing it on them and not respecting them. This is wrong and could cause a client to not feel comfortable or respected.
Finally, share one strategy for applying an awareness of spirituality to social work practice in general.
One strategy for applying awareness of spirituality to social work practice is knowledge and education. According to Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman (2016), “The goal of incorporating religious and spiritual beliefs in social work curricula should include a broad array of knowledge of many different religious and spiritual beliefs,.
Bad Religious Practice and It's Adverse Effect on Society
Explore the complexities of religious interpretation and its impact on communities in this insightful article. From the misinterpretation of sacred texts to the adverse effects of rigid dogmatism and harmful traditions, discover how correct interpretation of religious teachings can promote harmony, tolerance, and ethical living.
Recommended
Religion, Culture, and Nursing Chapter 13 Patricia A. Hanson a.docx
Religion, Culture, and Nursing Chapter 13
Patricia A. Hanson and Margaret M. Andrews
Dimensions of Religion
Religion is complex and multifaceted in both form and function. Religious faith and the institutions derived from that faith become a central focus in meeting the human needs of those who believe. The majority of faith traditions address the issues of illness and wellness, of disease and healing, of caring and curing (Ebersole, Hess, & Luggan, 2008; Fogel & Rivera, 2010; Leonard & Carlson, 2010).
Religious Factors
Influencing Human Behavior First, it is necessary to identify specific religious factors that may influence human behavior. No single religious factor operates in isolation, but rather exists in combination with other religious factors and the person’s ethnic, racial, and cultural background. When religion and ethnicity combine to influence a person, the term ethnoreligion is sometimes used. Examples of ethnoreligious groups include the Amish, Russian Jews, Lebanese Muslims, Italian, Irish, or Polish Catholics, Tibetan Buddhists, American Samoan Mormons, and so forth. Faulkner and DeJong (1966) have proposed five major dimensions of religion in their classic work on the subject: experiential, ritualistic, ideologic, intellectual, and consequential.
Experiential Dimension The experiential dimension recognizes that all religions have expectations of members and that the religious person will at some point in life achieve direct knowledge of ultimate reality or will experience religious emotion. Every religion recognizes this subjective religious experience as a sign of religiosity.
Ritualistic Dimension The ritualistic dimension pertains to religious practices expected of the followers and may include worship, prayer, participation in sacraments, and fasting
Ideologic Dimension The ideologic dimension refers to the set of beliefs to which its followers must adhere in order to call themselves members. Commitment to the group or movement as a social process results, and members experience a sense of belonging or affiliation.
Intellectual Dimension The intellectual dimension refers to specific sets of beliefs or explanations or to the cognitive structuring of meaning. Members are expected to be informed about the basic tenets of the religion and to be familiar with sacred writings or scriptures. The intellectual and the ideologic are closely related because acceptance of a dimension presupposes knowledge of it.
Consequential Dimension The consequential dimension refers to religiously defined standards of conduct and to prescriptions that specify what followers’ attitudes and behaviors should be as a consequence of their religion. The consequential dimension governs people’s relationships with others.
Religious Dimensions in Relation to Health and Illness Obviously, each religious dimension has a different significance when related to matters of health and illness. Different religious cultures may emphasize one of the five ...
What is the difference between Religion and Spirituality?
What is the difference between Religion and Spirituality?The Center for Connection, Healing & Change
Read this blog to know the difference between Religion and Spirituality.SOCW 6210 Week 9 discussion post responses.Respond to at least.docx
SOCW 6210 Week 9 discussion post responses.
Respond to at least two colleagues in one of the following ways:
· State how your colleague's examples of spirituality's influence in client relationships resonate with you. Provide support for your perspective.
· State whether you are likely to use your client's strategy in your own social work practice, and explain why.
Be sure to support your responses with specific references to the resources. If you are using additional articles, be sure to provide full APA-formatted citations for your references.
Reply to the following Posts
MB’s post states the following:Top of Form
Post a Discussion in which you explain how considerations about clients' worldviews, including their spirituality or religious convictions, might affect your interactions with them. Provide at least two specific examples.
Social workers work with populations of people with different beliefs spiritually and religiously. As social workers we must learn to respect someone else’s values and beliefs. We also need to learn that people’s different values and beliefs influence their behaviors and interactions with people. We need to make sure that we respect other beliefs and not act on our own personal beliefs when working with clients. We need to be mindful of other cultures and their beliefs on such things like abortion and the roles of women. As a social worker I may believe personally that a woman should have the right to abort a baby but my client may believe abortions are not an option and may go against their religious beliefs. We must be mindful not to force our views on them. Another example would be in certain cultures they believe that the man is the head of the household and all communication and decisions will be made through the man. As the social worker we must honor that and not disrespect that by doing the opposite of what they believe just because its “normal or right” to us.
Explain one way your own spirituality or religious convictions might support your work with a client, and one barrier it might present.
As a social worker I must put my bias to the side and not let it get in the way of my professionalism. As a Christian I should not judge others this would be key in social work practice. This belief would remind me to stay open minded about others and why they may behave they way they do. A barrier would be me being judgmental and continuously bringing up my beliefs, forcing it on them and not respecting them. This is wrong and could cause a client to not feel comfortable or respected.
Finally, share one strategy for applying an awareness of spirituality to social work practice in general.
One strategy for applying awareness of spirituality to social work practice is knowledge and education. According to Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman (2016), “The goal of incorporating religious and spiritual beliefs in social work curricula should include a broad array of knowledge of many different religious and spiritual beliefs,.
Bad Religious Practice and It's Adverse Effect on Society
Explore the complexities of religious interpretation and its impact on communities in this insightful article. From the misinterpretation of sacred texts to the adverse effects of rigid dogmatism and harmful traditions, discover how correct interpretation of religious teachings can promote harmony, tolerance, and ethical living.
Can we have a conversation about 'ethics'?
The article describes ethics as embodied in all that we do and, as such, gives rise to 'ethical dynamics - our human way of bringing about our 'human' world. As such, it serves as an introduction to a comprehensive approach to understanding and transforming ethical dynamics: Towards a More Open, Shared and Responsible World.
Belief by S.Lakshmanan, Psychologist
My Sincere thanks to:- Dr. Prof. V.Suresh, Head of the Department of Psychology, Annamalai University
Response 1 Spiritual DevelopmentRespond to at least two colle.docx
Response 1:
Spiritual Development
Respond to at least two colleagues in one of the following ways:
·
State how your colleague's examples of spirituality's influence in client relationships resonate with you. Provide support for your perspective.
·
State whether you are likely to use your client's strategy in your own social work practice, and explain why.
Be sure to support your responses with specific references to the resources. If you are using additional articles, be sure to provide full APA-formatted citations for your references.
Colleague 1: Brooke
As future social workers, we are in a unique position to guide our potential clients to their most desireable outcomes, regardless of whether or not we are in agreement. When we enter into this field, we do so with the understanding that our clients’ beliefs and resulting goals are to be maintained with utmost priority. It would be a violation of our code of conduct to not conduct client-professional interactions in this manner, and therefore, remaining unbiased when providing counseling and implementing intervention is an integral part of this profession (Code of Ethics of the NASW, 2008).
This will become particularly challenging, however, when a client’s spiritual beliefs do not align, or even negate, those of the professional charged with their guidance. In order to be prepared for these interactions, developing a cultural competence of the client is vital to successful interactions (Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman, 2016). Although this competence is achieved over time, research can be conducted even before meeting with the client to understand the beliefs and values that define their religion. In the Muslim religion, for example, it is not acceptable for a man to touch a woman, other than his wife. Knowing this information prior to an initial meeting, the female professional would understand how to properly greet her client, which will most definitely not include a handshake. Secondly, views regarding abortion are affiliated with specific religions. Catholics, for example, take a pro life stance on this controversial topic. This religion strongly asserts than any unborn fetus is a human being and therefore, abortion can be viewed as murderous. While not every Catholic may hold this unwavering belief, understanding this is a belief held by many practicing Catholics may guide initial interactions with a client carrying an unplanned pregnancy.
As a practicing Roman Catholic, my interactions with future clients may also be affected. While I understand the religion’s position on abortion, I do not necessarily hold the same emphatic views. This understanding, yet my openness to consider specific circumstances, may help a client whose religion is an impacting factor in a life choice she has to make. The Catholic religion also denounces adultery, regardless of the circumstances. I can safely say I, too, do not believe adultery is acceptable. However, as in any situation, .
Religion & Ethics A very short introduction Dr. Bruce.docx
Religion & Ethics: A
very short introduction
Dr. Bruce Hiebert
© 2013
Used by permission. This document may be freely copied and distributed for
academic instructional purposes.
1. A complex subject
2. The problem of religion
Hard to define
Many types
Religion and violence
3. Combining ethics and religion
Models of compromise and cooperation
Models of separation or antagonism
And then there are the different religions
4. Conclusion
1. A complex subject
While ethics is a complex subject in its own right, religion is no
less complex an area to study. Combining the two creates a
situation where any reasonable scholar runs and hides. The
complexities are piled so high and deep that no reasonable
answers can be developed, let alone sustained in the midst of the
conflicting claims of both fields. However, the importance of the
subject is so great that the attempt must be made. Religious
ethics are a prominent aspect of every culture and to neglect the
interaction leaves people ill equipped to function effectively in a
pluralistic society. So it is in the interests of providing a few tools
to help comprehend the complexities of this normal social
situation that this essay proposes to examine in a very brief way
this extremely difficult combination of issues.
PAGE 2
Hiebert: Religion and ethics 2013-05
In order to do so, the first problem is to define religion itself.
While religion seems obvious at first glance, it turns out to be very
difficult to pin down to any simple understanding that can then
be brought into association with ethics. Tied to that is the very
frightening problem of religious violence, an issue that by itself
seems to end the ability to examine this issue.
However, when ethics and religion are brought together it is
highly revealing regarding a number of important clashes in
contemporary Western culture. Religion flourishes within
Western culture, even though it is formally secular.
Understanding religious ethics turns out to create significant
illumination around such issues as abortion, environmental
protection, and the value of pluralism itself. That does not mean
there is any social agreement to be found. But in a pluralistic
society one of the hopes is that by understanding the parties,
solutions to the clashes can be negotiated, or if not solutions,
then reasonable compromises.
2. The problem of religion
Religion is a problem, not because of its adherents, but because
of its diversity. Human responses to life that may be called
religious run from the atheist (no gods) to the polytheist (many
gods), and include thousands of variations in between. Finding a
single definition is difficult, let alone a single frame of reference
for that diversity. Regardless a definition needs to be attempted
if there is any hope of determining what the subject is of our
analysis.
Hard to define
One definition that offers significant analytical po ...
Does Morality Need Religion – Yes!Professor Derrick Willis.docx
Does Morality Need Religion – Yes!
Professor Derrick Willis
The question of whether”morality needs religion” is an important one in both philosophy and religion. The central concern is where exactly does our sense of morality, of right and wrong, come from. Does our moral consciousness come from religion or God, or is it a socially constructed phenomenon - does it come from our parents, social environment, or community. If it is socially constructed, then where do we draw the line in terms of differences between cultures or cultural attitudes. For example, during Nazi Germany 12 million people were murdered, 6 million of whom were Jews. Their skin was used for lampshades, and they were tortured and used as slaves. If morality is socially constructed (that is based on culture) then does that mean that the cultural viewpoint of the Nazis was correct. And since we come from a different culture, then where and on what basis do we say that their cultural paradigm was incorrect or wrong? Who are we to tell them that their moral views (murder and torture) are wrong? This is the substance of the debate.
Author’s Viewpoint
Author C. Stephen Layman argues that morality does need religion because God becomes the absolute standard that draws the line. So Layman argues that:
Any claim concerning the Good must be based on religion as an independent idealprinciple.
Morality is a claim concerning the Good.
Therefore, morality must be based on religion as an independent ideal principle.
Layman argues that morality is not an emergent phenomenon, i.e., emerged into existence at a particular time and place, or in a particular social environment, but was established by God. Even though various cultures oppose murder, stealing, and lying, the foundation and groundwork for that was laid by God. We have a tendency to assign human value to principles that have ordered our universe from the beginning. Even though human beings twist religion to their own devices, there are in essence some universally agreed upon principles that they all share, opposition to murder and torture are two.
If our sense of right and wrong comes from culture then what about secret violations when no one’s looking. For the religious person secret violations aren’t permitted because God is watching, and as we know, you can’t hide from God. But if right and wrong are culturally determined then why not cheat or murder if you can get away with it. If no one knows; no harm, no foul.
And further still if it is culturally determined, then doesn’t this just simply insulate one culture in relation to the next. My culture is right, so I really have no moral obligation to a culture other than my own. This, according to Layman, creates a kind of cultural tribalism. My culture is my culture and you can’t judge it. If I need to kill my citizens to make life “better” in my country, then so be it. Your culture is your culture, and my culture is my culture, so butt out!
But if God is in.
By Day 5Respondto one of your colleagues in one of the fol.docx
By Day 5
Respond
to one of your colleagues in one of the following ways:
Ask a probing question, and provide insight into how you would answer your question and why.
Ask a probing question, and provide the foundation (or rationale) for the question.
Expand on your colleague’s posting by offering a new perspective or insight.
Agree with a colleague and offer additional (new) supporting information for consideration.
Disagree with a colleague by respectfully discussing and supporting a different perspective.
Support your reply to a colleague’s post with
at least one
reference (textbook or other scholarly, empirical resources). You may state your opinion and/or provide personal examples; however, you must also back up your assertions with evidence (including in-text citations) from the source and provide a reference.
Important Note:
For all Discussions in this course, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleague's postings. Begin by clicking on the
Post to Discussion
link, and then select
Create Thread
to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click
Submit
, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking
Submit!
Christianity is one of the main religions of the world, with millions of followers all worshipping the beliefs around the life, teachings, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Christianity has grown tremendous amounts since the beginning of the religion, and continues to grow as time passes. One third of humans consider themselves Christian. (Harvard Divinity School, 2018.) I do not identify as a Christian, as I fail to believe in a higher power or worship Jesus. Instead, I would consider myself as agnostic; this means that I do not claim faith in a higher power, but also considered a sceptic in regards to religion or a higher power. I remain respectful to those who do worship a higher power, but I myself, do not. This has a large influence in my life and the decisions I have made and continue to make, just as people who do follow a religion and worship their God relate their decisions and lives around said God that they worship.
Lumen explains, “the sociocultural context of society—which includes all social and cultural factors, from politics and religion to the mass media—not only creates social norms, but also places major importance on conformity to these norms. Norms dictate what is considered to be acceptable behavior; what is considered normal or acceptable in terms of sexual behavior is based on the norms, mores, and values of the particular society.” (Lumen, n.d.) Some social norms in Christianity are based around the ten commandments written by Moses, and still followed today. They basically say to be a good human, and a good addition to mankind.
In regards to sexuality, Christians have firm beliefs about sex being necessary for reproduction but celibacy bei.
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Can we have a conversation about 'ethics'?
The article describes ethics as embodied in all that we do and, as such, gives rise to 'ethical dynamics - our human way of bringing about our 'human' world. As such, it serves as an introduction to a comprehensive approach to understanding and transforming ethical dynamics: Towards a More Open, Shared and Responsible World.
Belief by S.Lakshmanan, Psychologist
My Sincere thanks to:- Dr. Prof. V.Suresh, Head of the Department of Psychology, Annamalai University
Response 1 Spiritual DevelopmentRespond to at least two colle.docx
Response 1:
Spiritual Development
Respond to at least two colleagues in one of the following ways:
·
State how your colleague's examples of spirituality's influence in client relationships resonate with you. Provide support for your perspective.
·
State whether you are likely to use your client's strategy in your own social work practice, and explain why.
Be sure to support your responses with specific references to the resources. If you are using additional articles, be sure to provide full APA-formatted citations for your references.
Colleague 1: Brooke
As future social workers, we are in a unique position to guide our potential clients to their most desireable outcomes, regardless of whether or not we are in agreement. When we enter into this field, we do so with the understanding that our clients’ beliefs and resulting goals are to be maintained with utmost priority. It would be a violation of our code of conduct to not conduct client-professional interactions in this manner, and therefore, remaining unbiased when providing counseling and implementing intervention is an integral part of this profession (Code of Ethics of the NASW, 2008).
This will become particularly challenging, however, when a client’s spiritual beliefs do not align, or even negate, those of the professional charged with their guidance. In order to be prepared for these interactions, developing a cultural competence of the client is vital to successful interactions (Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman, 2016). Although this competence is achieved over time, research can be conducted even before meeting with the client to understand the beliefs and values that define their religion. In the Muslim religion, for example, it is not acceptable for a man to touch a woman, other than his wife. Knowing this information prior to an initial meeting, the female professional would understand how to properly greet her client, which will most definitely not include a handshake. Secondly, views regarding abortion are affiliated with specific religions. Catholics, for example, take a pro life stance on this controversial topic. This religion strongly asserts than any unborn fetus is a human being and therefore, abortion can be viewed as murderous. While not every Catholic may hold this unwavering belief, understanding this is a belief held by many practicing Catholics may guide initial interactions with a client carrying an unplanned pregnancy.
As a practicing Roman Catholic, my interactions with future clients may also be affected. While I understand the religion’s position on abortion, I do not necessarily hold the same emphatic views. This understanding, yet my openness to consider specific circumstances, may help a client whose religion is an impacting factor in a life choice she has to make. The Catholic religion also denounces adultery, regardless of the circumstances. I can safely say I, too, do not believe adultery is acceptable. However, as in any situation, .
Religion & Ethics A very short introduction Dr. Bruce.docx
Religion & Ethics: A
very short introduction
Dr. Bruce Hiebert
© 2013
Used by permission. This document may be freely copied and distributed for
academic instructional purposes.
1. A complex subject
2. The problem of religion
Hard to define
Many types
Religion and violence
3. Combining ethics and religion
Models of compromise and cooperation
Models of separation or antagonism
And then there are the different religions
4. Conclusion
1. A complex subject
While ethics is a complex subject in its own right, religion is no
less complex an area to study. Combining the two creates a
situation where any reasonable scholar runs and hides. The
complexities are piled so high and deep that no reasonable
answers can be developed, let alone sustained in the midst of the
conflicting claims of both fields. However, the importance of the
subject is so great that the attempt must be made. Religious
ethics are a prominent aspect of every culture and to neglect the
interaction leaves people ill equipped to function effectively in a
pluralistic society. So it is in the interests of providing a few tools
to help comprehend the complexities of this normal social
situation that this essay proposes to examine in a very brief way
this extremely difficult combination of issues.
PAGE 2
Hiebert: Religion and ethics 2013-05
In order to do so, the first problem is to define religion itself.
While religion seems obvious at first glance, it turns out to be very
difficult to pin down to any simple understanding that can then
be brought into association with ethics. Tied to that is the very
frightening problem of religious violence, an issue that by itself
seems to end the ability to examine this issue.
However, when ethics and religion are brought together it is
highly revealing regarding a number of important clashes in
contemporary Western culture. Religion flourishes within
Western culture, even though it is formally secular.
Understanding religious ethics turns out to create significant
illumination around such issues as abortion, environmental
protection, and the value of pluralism itself. That does not mean
there is any social agreement to be found. But in a pluralistic
society one of the hopes is that by understanding the parties,
solutions to the clashes can be negotiated, or if not solutions,
then reasonable compromises.
2. The problem of religion
Religion is a problem, not because of its adherents, but because
of its diversity. Human responses to life that may be called
religious run from the atheist (no gods) to the polytheist (many
gods), and include thousands of variations in between. Finding a
single definition is difficult, let alone a single frame of reference
for that diversity. Regardless a definition needs to be attempted
if there is any hope of determining what the subject is of our
analysis.
Hard to define
One definition that offers significant analytical po ...
Does Morality Need Religion – Yes!Professor Derrick Willis.docx
Does Morality Need Religion – Yes!
Professor Derrick Willis
The question of whether”morality needs religion” is an important one in both philosophy and religion. The central concern is where exactly does our sense of morality, of right and wrong, come from. Does our moral consciousness come from religion or God, or is it a socially constructed phenomenon - does it come from our parents, social environment, or community. If it is socially constructed, then where do we draw the line in terms of differences between cultures or cultural attitudes. For example, during Nazi Germany 12 million people were murdered, 6 million of whom were Jews. Their skin was used for lampshades, and they were tortured and used as slaves. If morality is socially constructed (that is based on culture) then does that mean that the cultural viewpoint of the Nazis was correct. And since we come from a different culture, then where and on what basis do we say that their cultural paradigm was incorrect or wrong? Who are we to tell them that their moral views (murder and torture) are wrong? This is the substance of the debate.
Author’s Viewpoint
Author C. Stephen Layman argues that morality does need religion because God becomes the absolute standard that draws the line. So Layman argues that:
Any claim concerning the Good must be based on religion as an independent idealprinciple.
Morality is a claim concerning the Good.
Therefore, morality must be based on religion as an independent ideal principle.
Layman argues that morality is not an emergent phenomenon, i.e., emerged into existence at a particular time and place, or in a particular social environment, but was established by God. Even though various cultures oppose murder, stealing, and lying, the foundation and groundwork for that was laid by God. We have a tendency to assign human value to principles that have ordered our universe from the beginning. Even though human beings twist religion to their own devices, there are in essence some universally agreed upon principles that they all share, opposition to murder and torture are two.
If our sense of right and wrong comes from culture then what about secret violations when no one’s looking. For the religious person secret violations aren’t permitted because God is watching, and as we know, you can’t hide from God. But if right and wrong are culturally determined then why not cheat or murder if you can get away with it. If no one knows; no harm, no foul.
And further still if it is culturally determined, then doesn’t this just simply insulate one culture in relation to the next. My culture is right, so I really have no moral obligation to a culture other than my own. This, according to Layman, creates a kind of cultural tribalism. My culture is my culture and you can’t judge it. If I need to kill my citizens to make life “better” in my country, then so be it. Your culture is your culture, and my culture is my culture, so butt out!
But if God is in.
By Day 5Respondto one of your colleagues in one of the fol.docx
By Day 5
Respond
to one of your colleagues in one of the following ways:
Ask a probing question, and provide insight into how you would answer your question and why.
Ask a probing question, and provide the foundation (or rationale) for the question.
Expand on your colleague’s posting by offering a new perspective or insight.
Agree with a colleague and offer additional (new) supporting information for consideration.
Disagree with a colleague by respectfully discussing and supporting a different perspective.
Support your reply to a colleague’s post with
at least one
reference (textbook or other scholarly, empirical resources). You may state your opinion and/or provide personal examples; however, you must also back up your assertions with evidence (including in-text citations) from the source and provide a reference.
Important Note:
For all Discussions in this course, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleague's postings. Begin by clicking on the
Post to Discussion
link, and then select
Create Thread
to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click
Submit
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Christianity is one of the main religions of the world, with millions of followers all worshipping the beliefs around the life, teachings, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Christianity has grown tremendous amounts since the beginning of the religion, and continues to grow as time passes. One third of humans consider themselves Christian. (Harvard Divinity School, 2018.) I do not identify as a Christian, as I fail to believe in a higher power or worship Jesus. Instead, I would consider myself as agnostic; this means that I do not claim faith in a higher power, but also considered a sceptic in regards to religion or a higher power. I remain respectful to those who do worship a higher power, but I myself, do not. This has a large influence in my life and the decisions I have made and continue to make, just as people who do follow a religion and worship their God relate their decisions and lives around said God that they worship.
Lumen explains, “the sociocultural context of society—which includes all social and cultural factors, from politics and religion to the mass media—not only creates social norms, but also places major importance on conformity to these norms. Norms dictate what is considered to be acceptable behavior; what is considered normal or acceptable in terms of sexual behavior is based on the norms, mores, and values of the particular society.” (Lumen, n.d.) Some social norms in Christianity are based around the ten commandments written by Moses, and still followed today. They basically say to be a good human, and a good addition to mankind.
In regards to sexuality, Christians have firm beliefs about sex being necessary for reproduction but celibacy bei.
Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems
an introduction to world religion and belief systems for SHS students, particularly for the HUMSS strand.
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一比一原版加拿大渥太华大学毕业证（uottawa毕业证书）如何办理
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【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【q/微:1954292140】文凭即可
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留信网认证的作用:
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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www.seribangash.com
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https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
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Social Conformity.pdf
- 1. Many people consider their religious affiliation to be a fundamental part of their identity and sense of belonging. However, this strong connection to one's religious community can sometimes lead to social conformity and the commission of acts with strong emotions, particularly when the expectations and norms of the community conflict with the individual's personal beliefs and values. When individuals feel a strong sense of belonging to their religious community, they may feel obligated to conform to the expectations and rules established by that group, even if they conflict with their personal values and beliefs. The desire to maintain social approval and acceptance within the group can override personal ethical considerations and lead to the commission of acts that might otherwise be considered reprehensible. In some cases, individuals may be motivated by a belief in the righteousness of their religious cause. They may view their actions as necessary to defend their religion or to protect their religious community from perceived threats, real or imagined. This can lead to the commission of acts with strong emotions, such as violence or aggression, in the name of religion. Additionally, certain religious teachings or interpretations of scripture may be used to justify or promote violence or other harmful behavior, further reinforcing the belief that these acts are necessary or justified. Social Conformity