This document provides an overview of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) including:
1) A brief history of SMEs dating back over 4000 years and their role in ancient economies.
2) Definitions of SMEs that have evolved over time with variables like number of employees, capital investment, assets value, etc.
3) Characteristics of small businesses like independent management by owners, local operations, small size within their industry.
Being responsible for contributing to the expansion of entrepreneurial endeavours the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises sector ( hereinafter MSME ) has been widening its domain across the country. The article intended to give detailed information on MSME, its background, recent initiatives and its working.
This document discusses the roles of small scale industries in India. It defines small scale industries as those owned and run by individuals employing a small number of laborers. Small scale industries play an important role by providing employment, facilitating women's growth, and promoting balanced regional development. They also help mobilize local resources, optimize capital, complement large industries, meet consumer demand, and develop entrepreneurship. Overall, small scale industries are important for expanding employment opportunities and increasing incomes in rural communities.
This document provides an overview of departmental undertakings in India with a focus on the Indian Railways as a case study. It defines a departmental undertaking as a public sector enterprise that is run as a department of the government, organized and financed like any other government department. Key points covered include the characteristics of departmental undertakings, advantages and drawbacks, history and organization of the Indian Railways, government financing, accounting and audits, and recruitment process for railway employees.
This document defines and describes public enterprises. Public enterprises are commercial or industrial undertakings that are owned and managed by the government to maximize social welfare and public interest. They are characterized by government ownership and management, financing from government funds, an objective of public welfare, and accountability. The document discusses advantages like providing essential services at low prices and avoiding private monopoly, as well as disadvantages like potential for losses, inefficiency without competition, and political interference. It concludes by outlining the government's role in reforming public sector efficiency and integrity.
The role of small scale industries in indiaArnav Dhankad
Small scale industries play an important role in the Indian economy by contributing significantly to industrial output, exports, and employment. They account for about 40% of industrial output and create the largest number of jobs after agriculture. Food products, non-metallic mineral products, and metal products are some of the largest employment generating small scale industries in India.
Institutional support to start up and incentives for ssiDr. Parul Chotalia
The document discusses the role and importance of small scale industries (SSI) in India's economic development. It outlines how SSIs have been classified in different ways over time, including by investment size, traditional vs modern industries, and for policy vs accounting purposes. The key organizations that support SSIs are also summarized, such as the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), Technical Consultancy Organizations (TCOs), and State Industrial Development Corporations (SIDCs). Industrial estates, export promotion councils, and export consortia are also mentioned as important mechanisms for aiding small businesses.
Private,public and global enterprises.pptx 2Byju Antony
A business undertaking is an institutional arrangement to conduct business activities. It can be run by one person or a group of persons. Business undertakings have characteristics like separate ownership, management, risk bearing, profit motive, and continuity. There are different types of business undertakings based on size, nature of activities, and ownership, including small/medium/large enterprises, industrial/trading/services enterprises, and those in the private/public/joint sectors. Public sector enterprises are owned, managed, and controlled by governments and have characteristics like state ownership, control, financing, socio-economic objectives, and public accountability. Common forms of public enterprises include departmental undertakings, public corporations, and government companies.
Being responsible for contributing to the expansion of entrepreneurial endeavours the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises sector ( hereinafter MSME ) has been widening its domain across the country. The article intended to give detailed information on MSME, its background, recent initiatives and its working.
This document discusses the roles of small scale industries in India. It defines small scale industries as those owned and run by individuals employing a small number of laborers. Small scale industries play an important role by providing employment, facilitating women's growth, and promoting balanced regional development. They also help mobilize local resources, optimize capital, complement large industries, meet consumer demand, and develop entrepreneurship. Overall, small scale industries are important for expanding employment opportunities and increasing incomes in rural communities.
This document provides an overview of departmental undertakings in India with a focus on the Indian Railways as a case study. It defines a departmental undertaking as a public sector enterprise that is run as a department of the government, organized and financed like any other government department. Key points covered include the characteristics of departmental undertakings, advantages and drawbacks, history and organization of the Indian Railways, government financing, accounting and audits, and recruitment process for railway employees.
This document defines and describes public enterprises. Public enterprises are commercial or industrial undertakings that are owned and managed by the government to maximize social welfare and public interest. They are characterized by government ownership and management, financing from government funds, an objective of public welfare, and accountability. The document discusses advantages like providing essential services at low prices and avoiding private monopoly, as well as disadvantages like potential for losses, inefficiency without competition, and political interference. It concludes by outlining the government's role in reforming public sector efficiency and integrity.
The role of small scale industries in indiaArnav Dhankad
Small scale industries play an important role in the Indian economy by contributing significantly to industrial output, exports, and employment. They account for about 40% of industrial output and create the largest number of jobs after agriculture. Food products, non-metallic mineral products, and metal products are some of the largest employment generating small scale industries in India.
Institutional support to start up and incentives for ssiDr. Parul Chotalia
The document discusses the role and importance of small scale industries (SSI) in India's economic development. It outlines how SSIs have been classified in different ways over time, including by investment size, traditional vs modern industries, and for policy vs accounting purposes. The key organizations that support SSIs are also summarized, such as the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), Technical Consultancy Organizations (TCOs), and State Industrial Development Corporations (SIDCs). Industrial estates, export promotion councils, and export consortia are also mentioned as important mechanisms for aiding small businesses.
Private,public and global enterprises.pptx 2Byju Antony
A business undertaking is an institutional arrangement to conduct business activities. It can be run by one person or a group of persons. Business undertakings have characteristics like separate ownership, management, risk bearing, profit motive, and continuity. There are different types of business undertakings based on size, nature of activities, and ownership, including small/medium/large enterprises, industrial/trading/services enterprises, and those in the private/public/joint sectors. Public sector enterprises are owned, managed, and controlled by governments and have characteristics like state ownership, control, financing, socio-economic objectives, and public accountability. Common forms of public enterprises include departmental undertakings, public corporations, and government companies.
Government policies for development and promotion of small scale industries in India
State Finance Corporations
Small Industries Development Bank of India
Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India
Khadi and Village Industries Corporation
By the expression “Public Corporation” is meant the type of body set up to operate nationalised industries or for the organisation of their public enterprise and services.
This document discusses key aspects of starting small scale enterprises in India. It provides definitions of small enterprises and outlines important rules and regulations. It also summarizes the steps involved in starting a small business, which include selecting a suitable project and location, conducting a feasibility study, and preparing a project profile and business plan. The document highlights the role of small enterprises in economic development through job creation and increased production and exports. Overall, it serves as a guide for entrepreneurs on conceptualizing and establishing small businesses.
The National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS) was set up in 2004 by the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government as an advisory body and a watchdog for the informal sector. This report by the NCEUS recommended a social security scheme for unorganised workers, which would cover minimum benefits such as old age pension, life insurance, maternity benefit, disability benefit (accident compensation), minimum healthcare and sickness benefit. The NCEUS argued that the government needed to move beyond limited social assistance schemes and introduce a full-fledged social security programme for all kinds of workers, especially unorganised workers. The Commission also drafted the Unorganised Workers’ Social Security Bill, which forms part two of this report.
This document discusses small businesses in India. It defines small businesses based on factors like number of employees, investment size, and management style. Small businesses play an important role in India's economy despite their small size, as they employ many workers and contribute to balanced regional development. The government supports small businesses through various institutions that provide financial and other assistance, as well as incentives around land, power, taxes, and more. As global trade rules change under organizations like the WTO, Indian small businesses must also adapt to increasing liberalization.
The document discusses MSME registration and its benefits in India. Key points include:
1) MSMEs play a crucial role in employment generation and industrialization across India. The sector employs over 80 million people and contributes significantly to GDP, manufacturing output, and exports.
2) There are various benefits to registering as an MSME, including access to priority sector lending, collateral-free loans, and procurement quotas for government contracts.
3) The Ministry of MSME oversees various schemes to support the growth and development of MSMEs, such as credit guarantees, technology upgradation subsidies, and market development assistance.
Policy Support To Small Scale Industriesguestf9788dc7
The document outlines various policies introduced by the Indian government since 1947 to support small scale industries. Key policies include reserving certain products for exclusive production by small industries, fiscal incentives like tax holidays, and excise duty concessions. Support measures also include preferential pricing, technical assistance, and schemes for credit access, skill development and technology upgradation. The policies aim to promote rural employment and more inclusive industrialization.
Role of specilized institution in development of ssiShaham Khan
The document discusses the role of specialized institutions in the development of small scale industries (SSI) in India. It outlines various types of specialized institutions at the all India, state, and fund-based levels that provide support to SSIs. These include institutions like the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), State Financial Corporations (SFCs), District Industries Centers (DICs), and the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) which work to promote and develop small businesses through various initiatives like loans, training programs, and marketing assistance.
The document discusses Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in India. It provides definitions of SMEs according to the European Union and United States. It outlines the history of the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in India. It also describes the classification of SMEs according to investment size and different types of SMEs in India including their roles and challenges.
The document discusses the Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan or Self-Reliant India Mission launched by the Indian government. It includes an economic stimulus package of Rs. 20 lakh crore to achieve self-reliance. The package aims to boost infrastructure, systems, democracy and demand in India. It will be implemented through 5 tranches focusing on businesses, farmers, agriculture, structural reforms, and government initiatives. The total package is equivalent to 10% of India's GDP and aims to convert the COVID-19 crisis into an opportunity.
The document provides an analysis of the banking industry in India. It discusses the key players in the industry such as SBI, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank, and others. It outlines factors driving demand for banks like economic growth and increasing technology usage. It also examines regulatory bodies like RBI and policies around non-performing assets and capital requirements. Finally, it presents financial metrics for major banks like income, profits, and capital adequacy ratios.
The document summarizes key Indian government policies towards small scale industries (SSIs) from 1948 to 1991. The policies aimed to promote SSIs for employment generation, equitable income distribution, and tapping unused resources. They protected SSIs through production reservations and import restrictions. Investment ceilings for SSIs were progressively increased over time. The 1991 policy aimed to impart more growth and competitiveness to the small sector.
The document discusses the evolution of employment relations in India over four phases from the 1950s to the 2000s. Key developments include the rise of public sector unionism in the early decades giving way to increased political unionization and strikes in Phase II. Phase III saw a shift toward export-led growth and the emergence of independent unions like in the 1982 Mumbai textile strike. Phase IV involved economic deregulation, declining union membership, and calls for labor reforms from the National Labor Commission. Challenges today include differentiating labor markets and decentralizing collective bargaining.
This document discusses small scale industries in India. It defines small scale industries as those with investments in plant and machinery up to Rs. 1 Crore that produce a variety of goods and services. Small scale industries play a vital role in India's economy by generating employment, utilizing local resources, and promoting balanced economic growth. They are an important sector from both financial and social perspectives. The document outlines the classification, objectives, examples, characteristics, and importance of small scale industries in India's development.
The document discusses small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India. It provides definitions and classifications of small-scale industries over time. Modern small industries now produce a wide range of goods using sophisticated machinery. SMEs make up a major part of the Indian economy, contributing 40% to output, 80% to employment, and 35% to exports. However, they face issues like lack of access to new technology, finance, skilled workers, and management skills. With globalization, SMEs need to upgrade technology and business practices to compete internationally and drive further growth.
The document outlines the UK government's policy framework for supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It discusses the importance of SMEs to the UK economy and the creation of the Small Business Service in 2000 to oversee the government's SME support activities. The framework aims to address SME needs like access to information, advice, skills/management development, finance, and infrastructure by working closely across government departments and with external partners. The vision is for the UK to have the best environment for starting and growing a business by 2005.
Evolution of the concept, functions of an entrepreneur,
concepts of entrepreneurship, stages in entrepreneurial process, different sources of finance for entrepreneur, central and state level financial institutions.
Definition, characteristics, objectives, scope, role of MSME in economic development, advantages of MSME,
Government policies for development and promotion of small scale industries in India
State Finance Corporations
Small Industries Development Bank of India
Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India
Khadi and Village Industries Corporation
By the expression “Public Corporation” is meant the type of body set up to operate nationalised industries or for the organisation of their public enterprise and services.
This document discusses key aspects of starting small scale enterprises in India. It provides definitions of small enterprises and outlines important rules and regulations. It also summarizes the steps involved in starting a small business, which include selecting a suitable project and location, conducting a feasibility study, and preparing a project profile and business plan. The document highlights the role of small enterprises in economic development through job creation and increased production and exports. Overall, it serves as a guide for entrepreneurs on conceptualizing and establishing small businesses.
The National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS) was set up in 2004 by the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government as an advisory body and a watchdog for the informal sector. This report by the NCEUS recommended a social security scheme for unorganised workers, which would cover minimum benefits such as old age pension, life insurance, maternity benefit, disability benefit (accident compensation), minimum healthcare and sickness benefit. The NCEUS argued that the government needed to move beyond limited social assistance schemes and introduce a full-fledged social security programme for all kinds of workers, especially unorganised workers. The Commission also drafted the Unorganised Workers’ Social Security Bill, which forms part two of this report.
This document discusses small businesses in India. It defines small businesses based on factors like number of employees, investment size, and management style. Small businesses play an important role in India's economy despite their small size, as they employ many workers and contribute to balanced regional development. The government supports small businesses through various institutions that provide financial and other assistance, as well as incentives around land, power, taxes, and more. As global trade rules change under organizations like the WTO, Indian small businesses must also adapt to increasing liberalization.
The document discusses MSME registration and its benefits in India. Key points include:
1) MSMEs play a crucial role in employment generation and industrialization across India. The sector employs over 80 million people and contributes significantly to GDP, manufacturing output, and exports.
2) There are various benefits to registering as an MSME, including access to priority sector lending, collateral-free loans, and procurement quotas for government contracts.
3) The Ministry of MSME oversees various schemes to support the growth and development of MSMEs, such as credit guarantees, technology upgradation subsidies, and market development assistance.
Policy Support To Small Scale Industriesguestf9788dc7
The document outlines various policies introduced by the Indian government since 1947 to support small scale industries. Key policies include reserving certain products for exclusive production by small industries, fiscal incentives like tax holidays, and excise duty concessions. Support measures also include preferential pricing, technical assistance, and schemes for credit access, skill development and technology upgradation. The policies aim to promote rural employment and more inclusive industrialization.
Role of specilized institution in development of ssiShaham Khan
The document discusses the role of specialized institutions in the development of small scale industries (SSI) in India. It outlines various types of specialized institutions at the all India, state, and fund-based levels that provide support to SSIs. These include institutions like the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), State Financial Corporations (SFCs), District Industries Centers (DICs), and the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) which work to promote and develop small businesses through various initiatives like loans, training programs, and marketing assistance.
The document discusses Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in India. It provides definitions of SMEs according to the European Union and United States. It outlines the history of the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in India. It also describes the classification of SMEs according to investment size and different types of SMEs in India including their roles and challenges.
The document discusses the Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan or Self-Reliant India Mission launched by the Indian government. It includes an economic stimulus package of Rs. 20 lakh crore to achieve self-reliance. The package aims to boost infrastructure, systems, democracy and demand in India. It will be implemented through 5 tranches focusing on businesses, farmers, agriculture, structural reforms, and government initiatives. The total package is equivalent to 10% of India's GDP and aims to convert the COVID-19 crisis into an opportunity.
The document provides an analysis of the banking industry in India. It discusses the key players in the industry such as SBI, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank, and others. It outlines factors driving demand for banks like economic growth and increasing technology usage. It also examines regulatory bodies like RBI and policies around non-performing assets and capital requirements. Finally, it presents financial metrics for major banks like income, profits, and capital adequacy ratios.
The document summarizes key Indian government policies towards small scale industries (SSIs) from 1948 to 1991. The policies aimed to promote SSIs for employment generation, equitable income distribution, and tapping unused resources. They protected SSIs through production reservations and import restrictions. Investment ceilings for SSIs were progressively increased over time. The 1991 policy aimed to impart more growth and competitiveness to the small sector.
The document discusses the evolution of employment relations in India over four phases from the 1950s to the 2000s. Key developments include the rise of public sector unionism in the early decades giving way to increased political unionization and strikes in Phase II. Phase III saw a shift toward export-led growth and the emergence of independent unions like in the 1982 Mumbai textile strike. Phase IV involved economic deregulation, declining union membership, and calls for labor reforms from the National Labor Commission. Challenges today include differentiating labor markets and decentralizing collective bargaining.
This document discusses small scale industries in India. It defines small scale industries as those with investments in plant and machinery up to Rs. 1 Crore that produce a variety of goods and services. Small scale industries play a vital role in India's economy by generating employment, utilizing local resources, and promoting balanced economic growth. They are an important sector from both financial and social perspectives. The document outlines the classification, objectives, examples, characteristics, and importance of small scale industries in India's development.
The document discusses small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India. It provides definitions and classifications of small-scale industries over time. Modern small industries now produce a wide range of goods using sophisticated machinery. SMEs make up a major part of the Indian economy, contributing 40% to output, 80% to employment, and 35% to exports. However, they face issues like lack of access to new technology, finance, skilled workers, and management skills. With globalization, SMEs need to upgrade technology and business practices to compete internationally and drive further growth.
The document outlines the UK government's policy framework for supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It discusses the importance of SMEs to the UK economy and the creation of the Small Business Service in 2000 to oversee the government's SME support activities. The framework aims to address SME needs like access to information, advice, skills/management development, finance, and infrastructure by working closely across government departments and with external partners. The vision is for the UK to have the best environment for starting and growing a business by 2005.
Evolution of the concept, functions of an entrepreneur,
concepts of entrepreneurship, stages in entrepreneurial process, different sources of finance for entrepreneur, central and state level financial institutions.
Definition, characteristics, objectives, scope, role of MSME in economic development, advantages of MSME,
This document discusses small scale industries in India. It notes that small scale industries are an important part of the Indian economy, providing employment opportunities and contributing to balanced regional development. The objectives of developing small enterprises include generating employment, eradicating unemployment, encouraging development in rural and backward areas, and improving socio-economic conditions. Small scale industries play a key role in the manufacturing, trading, and services sectors. Over the decades, they have significantly increased production, employment, and exports in India.
Small scale industry an introduction --indiaBinod Sinha
This document provides an introduction and overview of small scale industries (SSI) in India. It discusses how SSI makes up an important segment of the Indian economy. It defines micro, small, and medium enterprises based on their level of investment. It outlines the characteristics of small enterprises, including how they are locally focused, labor intensive, flexible, and help promote regional development. The document also discusses the advantages SSI provide like job creation and the rationale for their development in India like addressing unemployment.
This document summarizes strategies for businesses to profitably serve customers at the bottom of the economic pyramid. It discusses C.K. Prahalad's concept of the bottom of the pyramid referring to billions of people living on less than $2 per day. Companies like ICICI Bank and Jaipur Rugs are highlighted for developing innovative and sustainable business models that provide employment, financial services, and products to low-income consumers while also generating profits. The challenges of maintaining a large grassroots workforce and meeting international standards are also noted.
Business Case on Khadi Industry - PrayasTanuj Poddar
This business plan proposes linking the CSR activities of textile industries with the Khadi industry and local microfinance institutions. It aims to revitalize the Khadi industry by improving product quality and variety, and ensuring sales through textile company partnerships. The plan outlines collaborating with NGOs and MFIs to provide training, loans and market access to artisans. Products would include modernized Khadi clothing sold through textile retailers. Initial funding would come from banks, with promotion handled through industry partners. The goal is to make Khadi a profitable, fashionable product that generates rural employment.
This document discusses definitions of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in various countries. It provides details on MSME definitions used in Australia, Canada, Myanmar, and proposes a definition for Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. Definitions vary across countries and may consider factors like number of employees, annual turnover, assets, and investment amount. For example, Australia defines small businesses as those with less than 20 employees based on ABS, while the Fair Work Act defines small businesses as those with less than 15 employees. Myanmar's definition incorporates four criteria that can be difficult for enterprises to meet. The document concludes by proposing employee, capital investment, and annual production thresholds for defining MSMEs in K
The document discusses small scale industries in India. It notes that small scale industries are a dynamic and vibrant sector of the Indian economy, holding the key to prosperity. The objectives of developing small enterprises include generating employment, eradicating unemployment, encouraging development in rural areas, and ensuring equitable distribution of wealth. Small industries contribute significantly to manufacturing, trading, and services. They have grown enormously over the past decades in number, production, employment, and exports. Small enterprises play a major role in India's economic development and exports through job creation, regional growth, and mobilizing local resources.
This document discusses business formation and small business development. It defines small businesses based on size criteria like number of employees and economic criteria like market share. The three main legal forms of business are proprietorship, partnership and corporation. Priority sectors for small businesses in Ethiopia include manufacturing, construction, trade and services. Challenges small businesses face include lack of adequate financing, difficulties obtaining raw materials, and poor management skills. Success requires a conducive environment, adequate credit, market support and addressing common causes of failure like inadequate management.
Presentation of the Commercial Sector IUL.pdfowenspros5
This document analyzes investing in Cameroon's commercial sector as key to making it an emerging economy by 2035. It begins with an introduction to the commercial sector and a brief history of commercial activities dating back to ancient civilizations. Chapter 1 discusses how trading evolved from bartering to modern banking and international trade. Chapter 2 examines current commercial activities in Cameroon. Chapter 3 argues that investing in Cameroon's commercial sector will benefit both the government and citizens by promoting economic growth and development. It provides case studies of the commercial sectors in the US and China. The document concludes by supporting investment in Cameroon's commercial sector to help it become an emerging nation.
Multinational Company Walmart
Walmart is a large multinational retail corporation that operates in over 25 countries. It has its headquarters in the United States but has production facilities and stores located in other countries. Walmart began as a domestic company in the United States but has expanded globally over the years through international acquisitions and opening stores in foreign markets. As a large multinational, Walmart engages in various risk management strategies like hedging foreign exchange risk and offshore borrowing to mitigate financial risks associated with operating internationally.
The document discusses small-scale enterprises and project planning for small businesses. It defines small-scale enterprises as businesses with few employees and low sales volumes. The document then discusses defining characteristics of small enterprises in different countries. It also outlines the objectives and scope of small enterprises in India and opportunities in industrial, agricultural and service sectors. The document concludes by discussing procedures for registering a small business in India and methods for project planning, including preparing project reports and using the PERT/CPM network techniques.
1. Small businesses play an important role in economies by providing employment opportunities, utilizing local resources, and equitable distribution of income.
2. The Indian government has various policies and incentives to promote small businesses, such as providing financing and support through organizations like NABARD, NSIC, and District Industries Centers.
3. Small businesses are classified based on factors like investment amount and employees. They contribute to industrialization, produce a variety of goods, and encourage regional development, but can face issues like financing difficulties and global competition.
Entrepreneurship Development - IntroductionSOMASUNDARAM T
Introduction to Entrepreneur; Entrepreneurship and Enterprise; Importance and relevance of the entrepreneur; Factors influencing entrepreneurship; Pros and Cons of being an entrepreneur; Women entrepreneur; problems and promotion (SHGs); Types of Entrepreneurs; Characteristics of a successful entrepreneur; Competency requirement for entrepreneurs; Awareness of self-competence.
Entrepreneurship Development - IntroductionSOMASUNDARAM T
Introduction to Entrepreneur;
Entrepreneurship and Enterprise;
Importance and relevance of the
Entrepreneur; Factors influencing
Entrepreneurship; Pros and Cons of
being an Entrepreneur; Women
Entrepreneur; Problems and promotion
(SHGs); Types of Entrepreneurs;
Characteristics of a successful
Entrepreneur; Competency requirement
for Entrepreneurs; Awareness of Self –
Competency
The document discusses Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. It provides definitions of SMEs according to the Bangladesh Bank and Ministry of Industries. SMEs make up the majority of businesses in Bangladesh and employ a large portion of the workforce. However, SMEs face significant challenges, particularly related to access to financing. While past economic reforms helped reduce barriers against SMEs, more proactive policies are still needed to promote their development and address constraints such as lack of adequate public funding and support.
The document discusses Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India. It defines MSMEs and notes that they make up 45% of industrial output, 40% of exports, employ over 60 million people, and contribute 17% to India's GDP. MSMEs play a crucial role in employment, rural development, and more equitable distribution of wealth. The government classifies and supports MSMEs through various schemes focused on credit, technology, marketing, exports, and cluster development. However, MSMEs face challenges accessing financing, skilled labor, infrastructure, and competition.
Cost and Management Accounting _____Topic Activity-based costingRebekahSamuel2
This document provides an overview of activity-based costing (ABC). It explains that ABC assigns overhead costs using multiple cost drivers rather than a single measure. The document outlines the basic ABC process of assigning costs to activity pools, identifying cost drivers, computing overhead rates, and assigning costs to products. It notes advantages of ABC include more accurate product costs and better decision making, while disadvantages include greater complexity. The document also provides a brief introduction to just-in-time processing.
Hyper Loop And Engro Coal Power ( National And International Projects Final R...RebekahSamuel2
This document provides an overview of two projects - the International Hyper Loop Project and the National Engro Coal Power Project. For the Hyper Loop Project, it discusses the objectives, need and importance of reducing travel times, and provides details on key milestones, routes being considered worldwide, and companies involved in developing the technology. It also includes the project charter outlining goals and deliverables. For the Engro Coal Power Project, it briefly introduces the objectives and need for the project in Thar and notes the scope will involve working phases, constructions and a public private partnership, but provides few other details.
Hyper Loop And Engro Coal Power ( National And International Projects Final R...RebekahSamuel2
This document provides information about two projects - an international hyper loop project and a national Engro coal power project in Pakistan. For the hyper loop project, it discusses the background and objectives of hyper loop technology, how it works by reducing friction through near-vacuum tubes and magnetic levitation, and some of the companies developing it including Hyperloop One and Hyperloop Transportation Technologies. It also outlines some proposed routes under consideration. For the Engro coal power project, it introduces the project and outlines its objectives and importance for providing power in Thar.
Hyper Loop And Engro Coal Power ( National And International Projects Final R...RebekahSamuel2
This document provides information about two projects - an international hyper loop project and a national Engro coal power project in Pakistan. For the hyper loop project, it discusses the background and objectives of hyper loop technology, how it works by reducing friction through near-vacuum tubes and magnetic levitation, and some of the companies developing it including Hyperloop One and Hyperloop Transportation Technologies. It also outlines some proposed routes under consideration. For the Engro coal power project, it introduces the project and outlines its objectives and importance for providing power in Thar.
TAIPEI-101 is a 101-story landmark skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. Construction began in 1999 and finished in 2004, making it the world's tallest building at that time. Some key features include its height of 509.2 meters, its status as the tallest and largest green building in the world, and its ability to withstand typhoons and earthquakes through its design. It has served as an iconic symbol of modern Taiwan since its opening.
The document discusses Engro Powergen Thar's power project in Pakistan which utilizes indigenous lignite coal from Tharparkar district. The key objectives are to generate electricity from domestic coal reserves to reduce reliance on imports and address Pakistan's energy shortage. It provides background on Thar's large coal reserves. It outlines the project scope which includes a coal mine, power plant and transmission lines. It identifies stakeholders and discusses risks around construction delays, imported coal prices, security issues and payment defaults.
This document provides an overview of hyperloop technology and projects. It describes hyperloop as a proposed mode of transportation involving pods that travel inside low-pressure tubes at aircraft-like speeds. Two main companies, Hyperloop One and Hyperloop Transportation Technologies, are working to develop the technology and have proposed routes throughout the world. Key aspects of hyperloop systems discussed include how they work by reducing friction through evacuation of tubes and magnetic levitation, engineering milestones in development, and the goals of ensuring safety, minimizing costs and environmental impacts compared to traditional transportation methods.
This document provides an overview and background of hyperloop technology. Hyperloop involves levitating pods inside low-pressure tubes that could enable aircraft speeds at ground level. It is described as a potential revolution in transport that could transform perceptions of distance. The document discusses the concept as outlined by Elon Musk, and evaluates the commercial potential, environmental impact, costs, safety issues, and regulatory hurdles of hyperloop. It provides details on the companies developing hyperloop systems, including Virgin Hyperloop One and Hyperloop Transportation Technologies, and potential routes being considered.
Hyper loop offers a potential revolution in transport by enabling aircraft speeds at ground level in a point-to-point transport system. It refers to Elon Musk's concept of passenger or freight vehicles operating inside low-pressure tubes, which could enable very high speeds of up to 760 mph. Several companies are working to develop and build hyper loop systems, with the goals of creating a safer, faster, cheaper, and more sustainable alternative to high-speed rail and other modes of transport over medium distances. The first hyper loop routes may begin operations in the early 2020s.
Hyperloop offers a potential new mode of high-speed transport that could revolutionize how we perceive distance. It involves levitation pods traveling inside low-pressure tubes at aircraft speeds. Proponents claim it could be faster, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly than other transport modes. This report evaluates Hyperloop's commercial potential, costs, safety, and regulatory issues to assess its feasibility. It consulted with developers and experts to investigate technical requirements and challenges, and how the UK supply chain could support Hyperloop development.
The document discusses the concept of hyperloop high-speed transportation. Hyperloop involves passenger or freight vehicles operating inside low-pressure tubes, which could enable aircraft-level speeds on the ground. Proponents claim hyperloop could be faster than high-speed rail, direct like air travel, environmentally friendly, and cheaper than high-speed rail. The document provides background on the history of concepts like hyperloop dating back to the late 17th century, and discusses Elon Musk's more recent proposal. It outlines objectives like safety, speed, cost, and sustainability, and explains the need for alternatives to conventional transportation methods.
Elasticity of demand refers to the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price or other factors like income. This document was submitted by Sami Ul Haq, Haider Murtaza, Waseem Qurashi, Qismat Shah and Muhammad junaid to their professor Madam Maryam Ashraf on the topic of elasticity of demand. The authors thank the professor for reviewing their submission.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
SME Management
1. MGT601 – SME Management
Lesson Topics Page
1 History, Definition and Regional Concepts of SMEs…………………………… 1
2 The Regional Concept of SMEs…………………………………………………. 4
3 The Role of Entrepreneur SMEs………………………………………………… 8
4 Kinds of Entrepreneurs, Their Role and Functions in an Enterprise…………….. 12
5 Small Entrepreneur in Pakistan and Role of SME in Global and Regional Level .... 14
6 The Development of SMEs in Pakistan………………………………………… 18
7 Government Efforts Towards SME Development………………………………. 21
8 The role of NGOs………………………………………………………………. 25
9 Issues and Policy Development for SME – I ….………………………………... 27
10 Issues and Policy Development for SME – II ….………………………………... 31
11 Short and Medium Term Issues for SME Policy Formulation – I……………….. 34
12 Short and Medium Term Issues for SME Policy Formulation – II………………. 37
13 Short and Medium Term Issues for SME Policy Formulation – III……………… 39
14 Long Term Issues for SME Policy ……………………………………………… 42
15 The Start up Process of a Small………………………………………………….. 44
16 Technical and Marketing Feasibility of the Identified Project…………………… 47
17 Financial Feasibility of SMEs …………………………………………………… 49
18 Problems Faced by Newly Established Company ………………………………. 51
19 Post and Field Problems Faced by a New Enterprise……………………………. 53
20 Guide Lines for Approaching Lenders – I ………………………………………. 55
21 Guide Lines for Approaching Lenders – II ……………………………………... 58
22 Guide Lines for Approaching Lenders – III…………………………………….. 60
23 Types of Collaterals/Guarantees / Assets and Pledge Techniques for Security…. 62
24 Aspects of Financial Management – I………………………………………….. 66
25 Working Capital………………………………………………………………… 69
26 Recruitment, Selection And Training – I………………………………………… 72
27 Recruitment, Selection And Training – II………………………………………... 74
28 Training and Development………………………………………………………. 76
29 Learning in an Organization…………………………………………………….. 78
30 Quality Control – I………………………………………………………………. 80
31 Quality Control – II……………………………………………………………. 82
32 Role of Marketing in SME – I…………………………………………………… 84
33 Role of Marketing in SME – II………………………………………………….. 86
34 Role of Marketing in SME – III…………………………………………………. 88
35 Role of Technology – I…………………………………………………………. 90
36 Role of Technology – II………………………………………………………… 91
37 Export Potential of SME in Developing Countries – I…………………………... 93
38 Export Potential of SME in Developing Countries – II………………………… 96
39 Word Trade Organization (WTO)………………….………………….……….. 99
40 WTO Ministerial Conferences………………….………………….…………… 101
41 Pakistan & WTO – I……………………………………………………………. 105
42 Pakistan & WTO – II…………………………………………………………… 108
43 Pakistan & WTO – III………………………………………………………….. 110
44 WTO Conclusions and Recommendations………………………………………. 112
45 Summary & Conclusions ………………………………………………………... 114