The document discusses meaningful public participation in policymaking, particularly in the context of smart cities and urban governance in Indonesia. It provides background on the theoretical importance of civic engagement in the legislative process and how recent laws in Indonesia have aimed to strengthen public participation rights. The paper then outlines its structure, which will review literature on participation in smart cities and urban policymaking, discuss findings on smart legislation initiatives in Indonesian cities, and conclude with recommendations.
WOMEN AND THE INTERNET - Article(1).pdflinda gichohi
This article explains about how we can leverage on technology; Internet Access to increase and promote women engagement in public participation processes.
Women should become more involved in decision-making to be able to better address the challenges they face.
This Blog also provides the meaning of Public Participation as per the Kenyan laws and decisions by the courts, challenges exhibited and recommendations on how to promote women engagement in public participation suing the Internet and Technology.
EVALUATING CITIZENS' PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS E-VOTING IN LOCAL GOVE...ijmpict
The implementation of Electronic Voting (eVoting) at the local level presents numerous advantages. It
affords citizens the opportunity to participate in the planning and decision-making processes that directly
affect their local communities. Furthermore, eVoting systems promote inclusivity and equality among the
citizenry. Moreover, the adoption of eVoting can enhance transparency and subsequently bolster citizens'
trust in their government. However, it is essential to underscore that the successful implementation of
eVoting is a notably intricate endeavor. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate citizens'
perceptions and attitudes regarding the implementation of eVoting in municipal elections. This research
aims to ascertain the feasibility of introducing eVoting in municipal elections and to identify the key factors
contributing to its successful implementation. To accomplish this, the findings of a study conducted
between May and July of 2023, which involved the participation of residents of the Municipality of
Thessaloniki are presented and analyzed. According to the findings, the eVoting paradigm, if all the
necessary measures are taken and all the necessary conditions for its proper implementation are met, is an
important and useful tool, which can promote e-Democracy and consequently democracy in local
communities.
EVALUATING CITIZENS' PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS E-VOTING IN LOCAL GOVE...ijmpict
The implementation of Electronic Voting (eVoting) at the local level presents numerous advantages. It
affords citizens the opportunity to participate in the planning and decision-making processes that directly
affect their local communities. Furthermore, eVoting systems promote inclusivity and equality among the
citizenry. Moreover, the adoption of eVoting can enhance transparency and subsequently bolster citizens'
trust in their government. However, it is essential to underscore that the successful implementation of
eVoting is a notably intricate endeavor. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate citizens'
perceptions and attitudes regarding the implementation of eVoting in municipal elections. This research
aims to ascertain the feasibility of introducing eVoting in municipal elections and to identify the key factors
contributing to its successful implementation. To accomplish this, the findings of a study conducted
between May and July of 2023, which involved the participation of residents of the Municipality of
Thessaloniki are presented and analyzed. According to the findings, the eVoting paradigm, if all the
necessary measures are taken and all the necessary conditions for its proper implementation are met, is an
important and useful tool, which can promote e-Democracy and consequently democracy in local
communities.
The purpose of this document is to provide a brief overview of open consultation approaches in the current, international setting and propose a role for Information Technologies (IT) as a disruptive force in this setting.
Current State of Personal Data Protection in Electronic Voting: Criteria and ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The adoption of electronic voting has been done in various countries related to cost and time reduction operationally. On the other hand, recent publication has been informed several issues occurred such as technicality, reliability, security and privacy due to the compromised system were used. In small scale, there are certain group of people who want to exploit the vulnerabilities for their own benefit in the election, while in the greater scale, it can reduce public confidence to entrust the adoption of e-voting system to augment participation rate, to improve the quality of voting and to aid the political right effectively. This paper aims to investigate the characteristic of people demanding the legislative to address the criteria and indicator for effective implementation in electronic voting. By understanding the perception of voters in viewing current electoral regulation are essential to provide some ideas and opinions for better enhancement, either through recommendation and drafting related legislation to cater the needs.
The Importance of Improving Regulatory Transparency: Public Consultation in t...OECD Governance
Presentation by Huda Bahweres, Assistant Deputy for Regional and Sub-Regional Economic Cooperation, Coordinating Ministry of Economic Affairs Republic of Indonesia, at the OECD Southeast Asia Forum, 25-26 March 2014, Bali, Indonesia. Further information is available at http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/southeast-asia-regional-forum.htm
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The Impact of ICT on Chinese State Council
The world has been changed dramatically for last 30 years. Things that on body would expect in the past are taking place every day. Some hot topics that people used to focus on have been replaced by some new topics. Among all these topics, ICT namely information communication technologies is attracting more and more people’s attention. As we all know that ICT is impacting nearly all aspects of our life and here I adopt the economic development as the breakthrough point, and in turn other aspects is being expanded. This thesis will mainly discuss on the impact of ICT on Chinese State Council.
The State Council of The people's Republic of China, is the executive body of the highest organ of state power, is the highest organ of state administration. The function of the state council covers many aspects for the society, such as the draft of constitution and laws, the development of economy and also the culture and education and so forth. And ICT has impacted almost every aspect of the origination.
First, the dissemination of information has been changed. ICT is a effective tool of political communication, because it has more advantages than face-to-face communication. The ICT disseminate information to the whole society, helps all the citizens to obtain information about the current political situation, become "known citizens", providing information for the foundation of its political participation. And also this would be impact of public opinion. ICT is not only the performance of public opinion channel, and may utilize extensive and in-depth coverage of specific events, attracts public attention to the event, and thus mobilize the whole society. Thus make as many people as possible to react on the current topic comment.
In the old days, the communication technology in China is not less developed. In some of the rural areas, there are even not a telephone or fax, let alone internet service. The information dissemination is mainly depends on face to face communication or speakers. There are certainly many limitations of these tools. You may not find the person you want to talk to or when you broadcast your information in the radio speaker, some one may just doing something and cannot listen to what you say. Thus they miss the information. That’s why a lot of people just break the laws due to the lack of knowledge of laws and regulations in the country. They may not participate in the politics and execute their own right or do their own duty. But nowadays, with the development of information communication technologies, there are many different channels to ...
WOMEN AND THE INTERNET - Article(1).pdflinda gichohi
This article explains about how we can leverage on technology; Internet Access to increase and promote women engagement in public participation processes.
Women should become more involved in decision-making to be able to better address the challenges they face.
This Blog also provides the meaning of Public Participation as per the Kenyan laws and decisions by the courts, challenges exhibited and recommendations on how to promote women engagement in public participation suing the Internet and Technology.
EVALUATING CITIZENS' PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS E-VOTING IN LOCAL GOVE...ijmpict
The implementation of Electronic Voting (eVoting) at the local level presents numerous advantages. It
affords citizens the opportunity to participate in the planning and decision-making processes that directly
affect their local communities. Furthermore, eVoting systems promote inclusivity and equality among the
citizenry. Moreover, the adoption of eVoting can enhance transparency and subsequently bolster citizens'
trust in their government. However, it is essential to underscore that the successful implementation of
eVoting is a notably intricate endeavor. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate citizens'
perceptions and attitudes regarding the implementation of eVoting in municipal elections. This research
aims to ascertain the feasibility of introducing eVoting in municipal elections and to identify the key factors
contributing to its successful implementation. To accomplish this, the findings of a study conducted
between May and July of 2023, which involved the participation of residents of the Municipality of
Thessaloniki are presented and analyzed. According to the findings, the eVoting paradigm, if all the
necessary measures are taken and all the necessary conditions for its proper implementation are met, is an
important and useful tool, which can promote e-Democracy and consequently democracy in local
communities.
EVALUATING CITIZENS' PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS E-VOTING IN LOCAL GOVE...ijmpict
The implementation of Electronic Voting (eVoting) at the local level presents numerous advantages. It
affords citizens the opportunity to participate in the planning and decision-making processes that directly
affect their local communities. Furthermore, eVoting systems promote inclusivity and equality among the
citizenry. Moreover, the adoption of eVoting can enhance transparency and subsequently bolster citizens'
trust in their government. However, it is essential to underscore that the successful implementation of
eVoting is a notably intricate endeavor. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate citizens'
perceptions and attitudes regarding the implementation of eVoting in municipal elections. This research
aims to ascertain the feasibility of introducing eVoting in municipal elections and to identify the key factors
contributing to its successful implementation. To accomplish this, the findings of a study conducted
between May and July of 2023, which involved the participation of residents of the Municipality of
Thessaloniki are presented and analyzed. According to the findings, the eVoting paradigm, if all the
necessary measures are taken and all the necessary conditions for its proper implementation are met, is an
important and useful tool, which can promote e-Democracy and consequently democracy in local
communities.
The purpose of this document is to provide a brief overview of open consultation approaches in the current, international setting and propose a role for Information Technologies (IT) as a disruptive force in this setting.
Current State of Personal Data Protection in Electronic Voting: Criteria and ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The adoption of electronic voting has been done in various countries related to cost and time reduction operationally. On the other hand, recent publication has been informed several issues occurred such as technicality, reliability, security and privacy due to the compromised system were used. In small scale, there are certain group of people who want to exploit the vulnerabilities for their own benefit in the election, while in the greater scale, it can reduce public confidence to entrust the adoption of e-voting system to augment participation rate, to improve the quality of voting and to aid the political right effectively. This paper aims to investigate the characteristic of people demanding the legislative to address the criteria and indicator for effective implementation in electronic voting. By understanding the perception of voters in viewing current electoral regulation are essential to provide some ideas and opinions for better enhancement, either through recommendation and drafting related legislation to cater the needs.
The Importance of Improving Regulatory Transparency: Public Consultation in t...OECD Governance
Presentation by Huda Bahweres, Assistant Deputy for Regional and Sub-Regional Economic Cooperation, Coordinating Ministry of Economic Affairs Republic of Indonesia, at the OECD Southeast Asia Forum, 25-26 March 2014, Bali, Indonesia. Further information is available at http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/southeast-asia-regional-forum.htm
untitled folder/IMG_0122.PNG
__MACOSX/untitled folder/._IMG_0122.PNG
untitled folder/IMG_0123.PNG
__MACOSX/untitled folder/._IMG_0123.PNG
untitled folder/IMG_0124.PNG
__MACOSX/untitled folder/._IMG_0124.PNG
untitled folder/IMG_0125.PNG
__MACOSX/untitled folder/._IMG_0125.PNG
untitled folder/IMG_0126.PNG
__MACOSX/untitled folder/._IMG_0126.PNG
The Impact of ICT on Chinese State Council
The world has been changed dramatically for last 30 years. Things that on body would expect in the past are taking place every day. Some hot topics that people used to focus on have been replaced by some new topics. Among all these topics, ICT namely information communication technologies is attracting more and more people’s attention. As we all know that ICT is impacting nearly all aspects of our life and here I adopt the economic development as the breakthrough point, and in turn other aspects is being expanded. This thesis will mainly discuss on the impact of ICT on Chinese State Council.
The State Council of The people's Republic of China, is the executive body of the highest organ of state power, is the highest organ of state administration. The function of the state council covers many aspects for the society, such as the draft of constitution and laws, the development of economy and also the culture and education and so forth. And ICT has impacted almost every aspect of the origination.
First, the dissemination of information has been changed. ICT is a effective tool of political communication, because it has more advantages than face-to-face communication. The ICT disseminate information to the whole society, helps all the citizens to obtain information about the current political situation, become "known citizens", providing information for the foundation of its political participation. And also this would be impact of public opinion. ICT is not only the performance of public opinion channel, and may utilize extensive and in-depth coverage of specific events, attracts public attention to the event, and thus mobilize the whole society. Thus make as many people as possible to react on the current topic comment.
In the old days, the communication technology in China is not less developed. In some of the rural areas, there are even not a telephone or fax, let alone internet service. The information dissemination is mainly depends on face to face communication or speakers. There are certainly many limitations of these tools. You may not find the person you want to talk to or when you broadcast your information in the radio speaker, some one may just doing something and cannot listen to what you say. Thus they miss the information. That’s why a lot of people just break the laws due to the lack of knowledge of laws and regulations in the country. They may not participate in the politics and execute their own right or do their own duty. But nowadays, with the development of information communication technologies, there are many different channels to ...
E-GOVERNMENT IN SERVICE DELIVERY AND CITIZEN’S SATISFACTION: A CASE STUDY ON ...ijmpict
In the traditional form of public administration, service delivery is encircled with paper based long
procedures that makes the citizen dissatisfied with the services because of several problems such as delay
in the service, corruption and offices are centrally located. In order to provide better services to the citizen
Bangladesh government has taken the initiatives to make services available through online. In this regard,
government has established national web portal, combining and making all government official websites
interactive. General people now can submit their applications through online to get necessary public
services. Government breaks the rigid boundary between government offices and citizen and reaches to the
people so that they can get public services from their houses. This paradigm shift from traditional public
administration to e-governance brings changes in service delivery. It minimizes time, costs, corruption and
omits middle man culture and ultimately makes people happy. This paper utilizes qualitative approach to
examine the process, benefits of recent innovations initiated by the democratic government and analyze the
people’s perceptions. It is found that utilizing the e-government infrastructure Bangladesh government has
reached to the people and provided services at their doorsteps by establishing the national web portal
through which citizen can access their useful services. Regarding the public services related to health
service, education service, bill payment of necessary services, income tax payment, trade licence, land
records, agricultural issues, law and order service are now easily enjoyed from the house through internet.
However, the faster speed of customer demand in getting all services cannot be addressed with the limited
IT infrastructure, unskilled manpower, limited electricity supply which should be solved as quickly as
possible by emphasizing and initiating new programs. Findings show that government should think the
intended and unintended consequences of materializing some initiatives and take necessary steps before
intensifying the problem and making people unhappy with the services that have already been provided
Beyond Theory: e-Participatory Budgeting and its Promises for eParticipationePractice.eu
Author: Tiago Peixoto.
This paper concerns the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as a strategy for reinforcing democratic processes.
It is a summarized document explaining the role of technology in assisting Kenyan youths in combating corruption through accountability. The presentation outlines various channels such as budget planning, community score cards and other process in which the youth can use ICT to combat this vice. The presentation also gives examples of the issues so far raised by youths on social media.
Thoughtful Approaches to Implementation of Electronic Rulemakingijmpict
The Internet could fundamentally change the way that both government and public participates in making public policy but changes must be made in our existing civic infrastructure for that. The change in the law causes modifications in the policies/strategies in which this law has been implemented. This paper focuses on approaches to thoughtful implementation of electronic rulemaking could capture public interest, particularly in higher profile rulemakings and how online forums and dialogues can foster greater public participation in making public policy processes at the centre as well as presenting the need of semantic perspectives and semantic web technology to enhance the inference capability and to provide decision making capability.
Assessing an Enabling Environment for Open Local Contracting in Fako Divisionijtsrd
Open Contracting has become part of public financial management the government uses to generate revenues through the issuance of licenses to operate public services, and in the sale of public property. As one of the measures in which the government spends its money, all levels of government whether at the national or at the local levels enter into contracts to deliver goods, works, and services to citizens. These public contracts are given to all economic sectors and agreements are made ranging from the small procurement of goods to large capital spending for development of major infrastructural projects to take place. However, public contracting has been identified as the government activity in the advanced and less advanced countries most vulnerable to wastefulness, mismanagement, inefficiency, and corruption oftentimes, the governments dishes out little or no information about a the planning of public contracts, b how public contracts are formed e.g. whether by negotiation or through a competitive tender process c the content of the agreements d the progress of their performance or e the relevant government oversight mechanisms. This lack of information can make it difficult for civil society - and sometimes even for auditors and parliaments - to assess whether the government is getting good value for money or whether the parties to the contract are fully complying with their obligations. Agnes Nanyongo Mbua Ndumbe "Assessing an Enabling Environment for Open Local Contracting in Fako Division" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47651.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/47651/assessing-an-enabling-environment-for-open-local-contracting-in-fako-division/agnes-nanyongo-mbua-ndumbe
Citizen participation is also sometimes seen as a solution to a quite different problem: shoring up the democratic legitimacy of governance processes. Representative democratic governance now faces several critical legitimating problems
Decentralization, Clientelism and Popular Participation: Is there a role for ...Soren Gigler
This case study investigates under which conditions ICTs can play a role in fostering the empowerment of rural communities to fully participate in the decision-making processes of local governments. The analysis using empirical evidence from rural communities in Bolivia focuses hereby on the following key questions: (i) to what extent can ICTs contribute to improving the efficiency and efficacy of local government? (ii) does ICTs have the potential to make local governments more transparent and responsive to the needs of rural communities and (iii) can ICTs support the core objectives of the Bolivian Law of Popular Participation to strengthen the role of local government in public-policy making and the implementation of development programs?
The true concept of democracy includes the participation of individuals in the governing process. But due
to gargantuan population the active participation of citizen in governing process is not possible. But egovernance makes it possible through online feedback system from the public. This paper entirely deals
with the concept of e-governance and the application of e-governance in various domains. The role of
information and communication technology [ICT] in e-governance, the scope & objective of e-governance.
The scope includes four main aspect namely G2C; C2G; G2B; G2G.Finally this paper includes the
overview of Digital India project, e-governance plan formulated by the government and our views.
Policy Brief : Co-creation as a way to facilitate user-centricity and take-up...Mobile Age Project
Mobile Age project: https://www.mobile-age.eu/
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 693319.
This material reflects only the author's view and the Research Executive Agency (REA) is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.
E-Governance and the ICT Legislative Frameworktheijes
This study assesses the effect of ICT policies and practices toward ensuring the governance supported by information sharing in Tanzania. Logically, the work is organized in four main categories. The first category introduces the study through providing the background, statement of the problem and objectives. This part is followed by a research method. The study was based on interpretive principles, and it used secondary data to arrive to its conclusions. The analysis is conducted through grouping elements, which responds to the same pattern of the study, under the same section. The last part of the study provides the conclusion and recommendations to the local legislative framework
In The Era of Media Integration , the Practical Research of Public Account Po...ijtsrd
The arrival of integrated media has changed the overall pattern of the Internet, changed the users thinking mode, deeply penetrated the peoples lives, opened up a new direction for Chinas legal popularization, and also put forward higher requirements. At the same time, the mass media as an important channel for legal publicity, along with the rapid development of Internet technology is constantly innovating, this paper aims to explore the strategy of improving the operation effect of self media, based on the rational value orientation of the legal popularization platform, through the study of the development status and challenges of the self media public account in the new era, taking the Fayuan Qingmiao legal popularization public account as an example, analyzing the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of new media law popularization, discovering strategies to improve the efficiency of new media law popularization, and exploring strategies for innovating the effect of new media law popularization. Guo Wenxuan | Yang Xin | Ran Jialin "In The Era of "Media Integration", the Practical Research of Public Account Popularization" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51984.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/51984/in-the-era-of-media-integration-the-practical-research-of-public-account-popularization/guo-wenxuan
Important Political Accountability and Citizen Building effort of IDEG GHANAAmos Anyimadu
Operation of the Institute of Democratic Governance, Ghana. www.ideg.org https://www.facebook.com/IDEGGhana https://twitter.com/IDEGGhana
Led by Commonwelath Eminent Person Dr. Emmanuel Akwetey.
How to Obtain Permanent Residency in the NetherlandsBridgeWest.eu
You can rely on our assistance if you are ready to apply for permanent residency. Find out more at: https://immigration-netherlands.com/obtain-a-permanent-residence-permit-in-the-netherlands/.
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procedures that makes the citizen dissatisfied with the services because of several problems such as delay
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people’s perceptions. It is found that utilizing the e-government infrastructure Bangladesh government has
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through which citizen can access their useful services. Regarding the public services related to health
service, education service, bill payment of necessary services, income tax payment, trade licence, land
records, agricultural issues, law and order service are now easily enjoyed from the house through internet.
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Thoughtful Approaches to Implementation of Electronic Rulemakingijmpict
The Internet could fundamentally change the way that both government and public participates in making public policy but changes must be made in our existing civic infrastructure for that. The change in the law causes modifications in the policies/strategies in which this law has been implemented. This paper focuses on approaches to thoughtful implementation of electronic rulemaking could capture public interest, particularly in higher profile rulemakings and how online forums and dialogues can foster greater public participation in making public policy processes at the centre as well as presenting the need of semantic perspectives and semantic web technology to enhance the inference capability and to provide decision making capability.
Assessing an Enabling Environment for Open Local Contracting in Fako Divisionijtsrd
Open Contracting has become part of public financial management the government uses to generate revenues through the issuance of licenses to operate public services, and in the sale of public property. As one of the measures in which the government spends its money, all levels of government whether at the national or at the local levels enter into contracts to deliver goods, works, and services to citizens. These public contracts are given to all economic sectors and agreements are made ranging from the small procurement of goods to large capital spending for development of major infrastructural projects to take place. However, public contracting has been identified as the government activity in the advanced and less advanced countries most vulnerable to wastefulness, mismanagement, inefficiency, and corruption oftentimes, the governments dishes out little or no information about a the planning of public contracts, b how public contracts are formed e.g. whether by negotiation or through a competitive tender process c the content of the agreements d the progress of their performance or e the relevant government oversight mechanisms. This lack of information can make it difficult for civil society - and sometimes even for auditors and parliaments - to assess whether the government is getting good value for money or whether the parties to the contract are fully complying with their obligations. Agnes Nanyongo Mbua Ndumbe "Assessing an Enabling Environment for Open Local Contracting in Fako Division" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47651.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/47651/assessing-an-enabling-environment-for-open-local-contracting-in-fako-division/agnes-nanyongo-mbua-ndumbe
Citizen participation is also sometimes seen as a solution to a quite different problem: shoring up the democratic legitimacy of governance processes. Representative democratic governance now faces several critical legitimating problems
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Mobile Age project: https://www.mobile-age.eu/
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 693319.
This material reflects only the author's view and the Research Executive Agency (REA) is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.
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This study assesses the effect of ICT policies and practices toward ensuring the governance supported by information sharing in Tanzania. Logically, the work is organized in four main categories. The first category introduces the study through providing the background, statement of the problem and objectives. This part is followed by a research method. The study was based on interpretive principles, and it used secondary data to arrive to its conclusions. The analysis is conducted through grouping elements, which responds to the same pattern of the study, under the same section. The last part of the study provides the conclusion and recommendations to the local legislative framework
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Important Political Accountability and Citizen Building effort of IDEG GHANAAmos Anyimadu
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1. 6.53
SMART-LEGISLATION FOR MEANINGFUL
PARTICIPATION IN URBAN POLICYMAKING: AN
OVERVIEW POST-ISSUANCE OF ACT NUMBER 13 OF 2022
Bani Pamungkas1 and Maulana Yusuf2
1 Pol-Gov Lab Political Science Department, Bakrie University,
Jakarta, Indonesia
2 Faculty Social and Political Science , University Sultan Agung
Tirtayasa, Banten
Coressponding: bani.pamungkas@bakrie.ac.id
2. ABSTRACT
On June 22, the President and the DPR passed Law No. 13 of 2022, which is the second
change to Law No. 12 of 2011 about making laws and regulations. One of the significant
changes in Law No. 13 of 2022 is that it allows for the use of online technology to achieve
more meaningful participation in the legislative process. This rule change was made in
response to the decision of the Constitutional Court (No.91/PUU-XVIII/2020) in the case
of the Formal Review of Law Number 11 of 2020 Concerning Job Creation against the
Constitution. Online technology arrangements to strengthen public participation in Law
13/22 also apply in the local legislative process. Thus, the use of information technology
to strengthen governance and public services has grown in regions, particularly in urban
areas. ICT has played a role in initiatives to make cities smarter. Under the smart city
initiative, ICT-enabled city government could carry out their tasks more effectively and
efficiently by engaging citizens and other stakeholders in meaningful ways that encourage
collaborative governance. This study examines the concept of meaningful participation in
the context of smart cities, with a particular emphasis on analyzing the phenomenon of
smart collaboration as a foundation for developing smart legislation. Using existing
collaboration and participation concepts in the smart city arena, an empirical analysis of
how ICT can support meaningful participation in urban policy and regulation making
processes, as well as strengthen collaboration between urban government and citizens, was
conducted.
7/1/2023 2
3. OUTLINE
7/1/2023 3
Introduction
Meaningful Participation in Policy and Law-Making in
Urban Context: From Theoretical Construction to
Constitutional Interpretation
Discussion: Smart-Legislation for Urban Policymaking in
Indonesia City Context
CONCULSION
4. INTRODUCTION (1)
7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 4
Flashback to Pandemic Begins
• The pandemic situation has curbed community activities;
• Due to the nature of this crisis, people are compelled to utilize digital media as an
efficient form of communication
• The use of digital communication platforms (such as Zoom or MS Teams) and digital
technologies for teaching, learning, working, and interacting was much faster and
more widespread than before Covid-19.
• The coronavirus pandemic appears to have accelerated digital innovation in most
areas of life. Moreover, the pandemic situation has become a catalyst for the massive
adoption of digital media in a society that is pursuing a transition from a traditional to a
digital society.
Formal Review of Job Creation Law 11 of 2020
• The Constitutional Court decision number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 stated
that the process for making the Job Creation Law was not based on
definite, standard, and guideline methods and techniques, the
systematic formulation of laws, a change in the writing of several
substances after the approval of the DPR and the President, and was
against the principles of law and regulation formation.
• According to the judicial review of the P-MK 91 session, DPR did not
adequately involve the public in the law consultation process
However, amid the ongoing pandemic and the euphoria of a "new" digital-based life, the
public is shocked by the Government's and the DPR's achievements in making several
political decisions and passing laws. During the government's own efforts to protect the
citizens from the threat of the Covid-19 virus attack, the decision to conduct simultaneous
local elections in 2020 and the discussion of the Job Creation Law has become a public
question
5. INTRODUCTION (2)
7/1/2023 5
The
Constitutional
Court decision
Number 91/PUU-
XVIII/2020
(P-MK 91)
• P-MK 91 provides a thorough glance at
how the public needs to be involved in
making a law (Muhammad et al., 2021).
• Even though the President and DPR have
shown public participation through
outreach, webinars, etc., the Constitutional
Court thought that public participation had
to be meaningful. So, public participation
isn't just about going through the motions.
• The Panel of Constitutional Judges also
stressed that more meaningful
participation requires three prerequisites:
• the right to be heard,
• the right to be considered, and
• the right to receive explanations or
responses to opinions given (right to
be explained).
• This public participation is for community
groups directly affected by or concerned
about the draft law (Kurniawan, 2020;
Saiya et al., 2021).
DPR and
government
response to
P-MK 91
• After PMK 91, the DPR and President passed UU
13/2022 on June 16, 2022, which streamlines and
improves Law No. 12 of 2011 and UU 15 of 2019.
• Two key elements of Law 13/22 must be organized
and improved for public participation in lawmaking:
• First, community engagement and electronic
lawmaking. Law 13/22 strengthens meaningful
community involvement and participation by
fulfilling three prerequisites: the right to be
heard, the right to have their opinion
considered, and the right to receive an
explanation or answer (right to be explained);
• Second, Law 13/22 allows the legislature and
executive regulate public participation and
rights according to their stages and institutional
capacities. Presidential Regulations, DPR, and
DPD govern. In summary, Law 13/22 addresses
technical aspects of electronic lawmaking.
6. INTRODUCTION (3)
6
Background Paper
• Following Act Number 13 of 22, this article discusses how city governments can use online platforms to
improve public engagement in local lawmaking.
• How they use ICT and internet platforms to translate meaningful participation norms in city policy making
processes, particularly in the case of Indonesia.
• This study is also an attempt to fill a gap, as the study of how city governments use internet channels and ICT
to strengthen policy processes and citizen relationships is still in the infant stages
7. STRUCTURE
• To start the discussion, the following sections provide an overview
of relevant research and propose a conceptual framework for
examining meaningful participation in policy and lawmaking.
• This literature review would elaborate on the theoretical
construction, international consensus, and empirical research
based on constitutional interpretation.
• This includes civic engagement in policymaking, smart cities, and
city 4.0 in terms of Technology and ICT pertaining to Urban
Governance and Policymaking.
• Subsequently, section c discusses the findings considering Smart-
Legislation for Urban Policymaking in the Indonesia City Context.
Section D concludes with a summary of the findings and
suggestions for further study and practice.
7/1/2023 7
8. RESULT AND DISCUSSION (1)
7/1/2023 8
A. Meaningful Participation in Policy and Law-Making in Urban Context: From Theoretical Construction to Constitutional
Interpretation
• The idea of having citizens take part in policymaking processes first
emerged in the West in the 1960s.
• For many years, academic debates for and against public participation in
development theory and policy have been based on em
• Moreover, the importance of involving citizens in policymaking is widely
recognized in the literature. In general, two points of view exist regarding
the purpose of citizen participation, one proposing the citizen perspective
and the other the administrative perspective pirical literature from various
disciplines
From the point of view of citizens, the public has an important role to play in
assisting the government in becoming more responsive and effective, provided that
the public participates. Citizens can influence direction and outcomes, increase
government situational awareness, and even help carry out government services
daily.
From an administrative viewpoint, citizen participation has five main goals:
sharing information, educating the community, building support, improving decision-
making, and giving the community a voice. Moreover, participatory governance has
many benefits, such as more openness, accountability, legitimacy, and trust in
government, a fairer distribution of public resources, better service delivery, more
interaction between citizens and government officials, and a better way to handle
social tensions. In short, involving the public in making policy can improve the
quality of communication and relationships between the government and citizens..
9. RESULT AND DISCUSSION (1)
7/1/2023 9
Participation IN INDONESIA
In Indonesia's case, the reform era has become a political impetus to strengthen guarantees for public participation in public administration.
Guarantees for public participation in lawmaking are specifically addressed in Act Number 10 of 2004 concerning Legislation Formation. Article
53 of Act Number 10-year 2004 ensures the public's right to provide oral or written input in the context of preparing or discussing draft laws and
draft regional regulations. This clause is captured in a single chapter and is governed by one single article.
Then, Law No. 12 year 2011, which replaced Law No. 10 year 2004, gave the public more rights and streamlined the process for them to
participate in lawmaking. Whereas it is stated in Chapter XI, article 96, that the public has the right to provide input orally and/or in writing in the
formation of legislation. This oral and/or written feedback can be submitted to a public hearing meeting, a work visit, a socialization event, and/or
a seminar, workshop, or discussion. Individuals or groups of people with an interest in the substance of the Draft Legislation are referred to as
"people" in this Law. In addition, the law stipulates that each Draft Legislation must be easily accessible to facilitate oral and/or written public
comment.
10. RESULT AND DISCUSSION (1)
7/1/2023 10
the parameters of public participation must be meaningful (meaningful participation).
The Constitutional Court constructs a constitutional framework for public participation in the making of legislation. According to
the court's doctrine, public participation should be aimed at: (i) creating strong collective intelligence that can provide a better
analysis of the potential impact and wider consideration in the legislative process for a higher overall quality of output; (ii)
building a more inclusive and representative legislature in decision-making; and (iii) bringing more people into the decision-
making process.
the Constitutional Court saw that this more meaningful participation met
at least three requirements:
• first, the right to have their opinions heard (the right to be heard);
• second, the right to have their opinions considered (the right to be
considered); and
• third, the right to get explanations or answers to opinions given (right to
be explained).
11. RESULT AND DISCUSSION (1)
7/1/2023 11
Theoretical Construction
Meaningful participation as an effort to involve all
stakeholders in participating and contributing
constructively to the formulation of policies or
legislation products throughout the policy cycle
Meaningful participation is also seen as a "continuum in
attaining better participation" through a two-way flow of
information between both stakeholders and decision-
makers
Meaningful participation is a long and
complicated process that emerges from the
knowledge and relationship of policymakers and
stakeholders. To build meaningful participation,
both sides should really admit and encourage
one another through an effective and
constructive participatory mechanism
12. RESULT AND DISCUSSION (2)
7/1/2023 12
A. Elaboration Concept of Meaningful Participation
MEANINGFUL
PARTICIPATION
WITH INFORMATION AND
TECHNOLOGY
• Citizen engagement in the digital age requires new ideas, methods, and technologies
(Noveck, 2018).
• E-participation uses ICTs for "top-down" engagement and empowers citizens and civil
society organizations (Macintosh & Whyte, 2008).
• E-Participation uses technology-mediated conversation between citizens and the
political sphere and between citizens and administration to enable efficient,
simultaneous public participation and feedback and new political engagement
(Chadwick, 2016; Saebø et al., 2008).
• Strong public engagement throughout the law and policymaking cycle with diverse
sources of information improves the quality and legitimacy of the laws and policies.
Participatory policymaking uses information sharing, consultation, and active
participation tools (Stovell & Warth, 2021).
13. RESULT AND DISCUSSION (3)
7/1/2023 13
B. Smart Cities and City 4.0
• The smart cities platform is a multidisciplinary approach shaped by technological advancements
and urban development, with six main dimensions that include a smart economy, smart mobility, a
smart environment, smart people, smart living, and smart governance. Hence, the goal of smart
cities is to foster information sharing, collaboration, interoperability, and seamless experiences for
all citizens throughout the city,
• the goal of smart cities is to foster information sharing, collaboration, interoperability, and seamless
experiences for all citizens throughout the city
• City 4.0 is the level of city development resulting from the relationship between city government
and citizens
• At this level, city residents are positioned as co-creators, began as residents, consumers, and
participants at the previous level of city life
14. The evolution of the relationship between city
governments and citizens
7/1/20XX 14
Pitch deck title
Cities Level City Government Citizens
Cities 4.0 Collaborator Co-Creator
Cities 3.0 Facilitator Participants
Cities 2.0 Service Provider Consumers
Cities 1.0 Administrator Resident
15. SMART-LEGISLATION FOR URBAN POLICYMAKING IN INDONESIA
CITY CONTEXT
7/1/20XX 15
• Actually, Act Number 13 of 22's mandate to provide meaningful participation in city law-
making has more potential.
• Cities have eligible human and social capital to support meaningful public participation.
• Similarly, the capacity of political leaders, apparatus capabilities, system support, and
management operated by the city government are preferable to carrying out the mandate of
public participation in policy and regulation formulation at the regional level.
• Support for urban infrastructure and technological readiness is more likely to encourage
public participation than in rural areas.
16. SMART-LEGISLATION FOR URBAN POLICYMAKING IN INDONESIA
CITY CONTEXT
7/1/20XX 16
• The use of ICT in urban areas to strengthen governance and public services makes cities smarter. Under the
smart city initiative, ICT-enabled city governments could carry out their tasks more effectively and efficiently by
engaging citizens and other stakeholders in meaningful ways that encourage collaborative governance.
• the smart cities concept, which is widely used by cities in Indonesia, requires an element of policy or regulation
formulation that is supported using ICT. To facilitate the strengthening of policy formulation models at the city
level, elements of smart economy, smart mobility, a smart environment, smart people, smart living, and smart
governance must be supplemented with smart legislation. Smart governance in smart city elements is more
likely to be interpreted as executive power. Meanwhile, the DPRD, as a local parliament, plays a strategic role
in facilitating community aspirations, particularly in the drafting of regional regulations, in the legislative process.
17. SMART-LEGISLATION FOR URBAN POLICYMAKING IN INDONESIA
CITY CONTEXT
7/1/20XX 17
• The goal of smart legislation is to improve citizens' access to information, increase transparency, and encourage greater
participation in legislation process. The City Government and the DPRD can maximize the role that legislation plays in
presenting a process that is more inclusive and constructive for all parties by utilizing the support of information and
communication technology (ICT). The availability of smart legislation services enables citizens to be informed about the entire
process, have quick and easy access to legislation documents, and participate in the process of improving the overall quality of
legislation products by providing their perspectives and ideas.
• Local meaningful participation requires national regulatory support and city-level translation of urban governance. The Ministry
of Home Affairs' arrangements for developing regional legal products must be revised to include a meaningful participation
mandate. As required by Law No. 13 of 2022, regional head regulations must be adjusted to implement meaningful participation,
including electronic systems.
18. SMART-LEGISLATION FOR URBAN POLICYMAKING IN INDONESIA
CITY CONTEXT
7/1/20XX 18
• Smart legislation requires available technology infrastructure support, such as that provided by the smart cities system. The use
of previously developed complaint channels, applications, and public services within the framework of smart cities must be
optimized by serving the need to strengthen public participation in the formulation of city-level policies and regulations.
• Regional legal documentation and information networks must be developed to serve as information channels for legislation
products that the public can easily access. Similarly, the DPRD and City Government websites must be linked and provide up-
to-date information on the process of developing regional regulations or their derivative regulations.
• Smart legislation should serve as a public space for constructive discourse between city residents and city administrators. The
co-creators and collaborators work together to generate solutions to city problems through the regulatory products that are
created. The presence of an inclusive and equal interaction arena is hoped to increase the meaning of participation for both the
public and the city government.
19. 19
CONCLUSION
• ICT has initiated to be embraced by city governments in an effort to encourage greater and more in-depth
participation on the part of citizens in the political decision-making process in the interest of increasing
openness and transparency. Innovative digital and mobile technology enables government to respond to
demand participation by informing, consulting, and engaging citizens throughout the legislative cycle
process.
• Furthermore, using information technology to develop Smart Legislation is one of the best options for
enabling meaningful participation at all stages of legislation. The Smart-Legislation platform will integrate
the entire legislative process into a single digital ecosystem, including the city government and the DPRD.
In short, a smart legislation system would integrate and track the entire process of forming laws and
regulations at the municipal level.