The document outlines the structure and functions of the smart grid, detailing various domains including customer, market, service provider, operations, bulk generation, transmission, and distribution. Each domain includes specific participants, their roles, and challenges associated with interoperability, energy management, and market operations. The emphasis is placed on the integration of advanced technologies for efficient energy distribution and management while addressing environmental factors and customer interactions.

1. Overview
Source: National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, 2010
2

2. 3
Grid Layout
SMART
GRID
Bulk
Generation
Transmissio
n
Distributions
Operations
Service
Provider
Market
carriersof bulk
electricity
operators and
participants in
electricity
markets.
The distributors of
electricity to and
from customers.
The managers of
the movement of
electricity.
generators of
electricity in
bulk quantities.
The organizations
providing services to
electrical customers
and utilities.
Customers End users of
electricity

3. Customer Domain

4. Customer Domain

5. 6
Customer Domain
Communications:
• The ESI is the primary service interface to the Customer domains.
• The ESI communicates via the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI)
infrastructure or Internet (with other domains ).
• The ESI communicates through Home Area Network or other Local
Area Network (to devices and systems within the customer premises).

6. Customer Domain Participators and their function
Customer Domain
controls industrial processes
such as manufacturing or
warehousing.
Customer
Domain
Building
and Home
Automation
Industrial
Automation
Micro
Generation
Control
various
functions
within a
building .
Includes all
types of
distributed
generation.

7. • The markets are where grid assets are bought and sold.
• Boundaries: the edge of the Operations domain where control happens, the
domains supplying assets (e.g., generation, transmission, etc) and the Customer
domain.
• The high-priority challenges in the Markets domain are:
– extension of price and DER signals to each of the Customer sub-domains
– expanding the capabilities of aggregators
– interoperability across all providers and consumers of market information
– managing the growth (and regulation) of retailing and wholesaling of energy, and
– evolving communication mechanisms for prices and energy characteristics between and
throughout the Markets and Customer domains.
Market Domain

8. Market Domain

9. Market Domain
Market Domain Participators and their function *ISO-Independent system operator
Market
Domain
Market
Management Retailing
Trading
Market
Operations
Ancillary
Operations
DER
Aggregation
• sell power to end
customers.
• connected to a
trading organization
Aggregators
combine smaller
participants.
• participants in markets
• buying and selling of
energy
• Make a particular market
function smoothly.
• financial and goods sold
clearing, price quotation
streams, audit, balancing.
Market managers
include ISOs for
wholesale markets
provide frequency
support, voltage
support, spinning
reserve

10. • Perform services to support the business processes of power system
producers, distributors and customers.
• These business processes range from traditional utility services, such as billing
and customer account management, to enhanced customer services, such as
management of energy use and home energy generation.
• Challenge: is to develop the key interfaces and standards that will enable a
dynamic market-driven ecosystem while protecting the critical power
infrastructure.
Service Provider Domain

11. Service Provider Domain

12. Service Provider Domain
Service
Provider
Domain
Customer
Management
Installation&
Management
Home
Management
Account
Management
Emerging
Services
Building
Management
Installing and
maintaining
premises
equipment
Monitoring and
controlling
building energy
Monitoring
and controlling
home energy
Managing the
supplier and
customer business
accounts.
Service Provider Domain Participators and their function
Managing
customer
relationships.
All of the services
and innovations
for future smart
operation.
Billing
Managing
customer billing
information

13. • Actors in the Operations domain are responsible for the smooth operation of
the power system.
Operation Domain

14. 15
4. Operation Domain (Cont.)

15. 4. Operation Domain (Cont.)
Operation
Domain
Monitoring
Control
Fault
Management
Analysis
Reporting and
Statistics
Calculations
Training
Records and
Assets
Operation
Planning
Maintenance and
Construction
Extension
Planning
Customer
Support
supervise network
connectivity
supervise wide area
and local automatic or
manual control.
Fault identification,
elimination and
service restoration.
Compare data records
with the historical
event datas.
archive on-line data
and perform feedback
analysis.
Real-timeNetwork
Calculations actors
Real-time Network
Calculations actors
provide facilities for
dispatchers that
simulate system
track and report on
network equipment
inventory
Maintains continuous
power supply by doing
different network action
developlong term
plans for power
system reliability
help customers to
troubleshoot power
system services

16. • Electricity generation is the process of creating electricity from other forms of
energy, which may vary from chemical combustion to nuclear fission, flowing
water, wind, solar radiation and geothermal heat.
• The boundary of the Bulk Generation domain is typically the Transmission
domain. The Bulk Generation domain is electrically connected to the
Transmission domain and shares interfaces with the Operations, Markets and
Transmission domains.
• New requirements for the Bulk Generation domain include green house gas
emissions controls, increases in renewable energy sources, and provision of
storage to manage the variability of renewable generation.
Bulk Generation Domain

17. Generation Domain

18. 19
Bulk Generation Domain
Bulk Generation Domain Participators and their function
Bulk
Generation
Domain
Control
Protect
Record
Asset
Management
Measure
manage the flow of
power and reliability
of the system
digital and analog
measurements
collected through
the SCADA system
Protect the system
from various abnormal
events.
Keep the records of
the system status for
forecasting purpose.
determine when equipment
should have maintenance,
calculate the life expectancy
of the device

19. • Transmission is the bulk transfer of electrical power from generation sources
to distribution through multiple substations.
• A transmission network is typically operated by a Regional Transmission
Operator or Independent System Operator (RTO/ISO) whose primary
responsibility is to maintain stability on the electric grid by balancing
Transmission Domain
generation (supply) with load (demand) across the transmission network.
• Energy and supporting ancillary services are procured through the Markets
domain, scheduled and operated from the Operations domain, and finally
delivered through the Transmission domain to the distribution system and
finally to the Customer domain.

20. Transmission Domain

21. Transmission Domain Participators and their function
Transmission Domain
measure, record, and control with
the intent of protecting and
optimizing grid operation.
Transmission
Domain
Substation
Measurement
& Control
Storage
systems
within a
substation.
controls the
charging and
discharging
of an energy
storage unit

22. • The Distribution domain is the electrical interconnection between the
Transmission domain, the Customer domain and the metering points for
consumption, distributed storage, and distributed generation.
• The electrical distribution system may be arranged in a variety of
structures, including radial, looped or meshed.
• In the Smart Grid, the Distribution domain will communicate more closely
with the Operations domain in real-time to manage the power flows
associated with a more dynamic Markets domain and other
environmental and security-based factors.
Distribution Domain

23. Distribution Domain

24. 25
Distribution Domain
Distribution
Domain
Measurement
& Control Substation
Distributed
Generation
Storage
control and monitoring
systems within a
substation
controls a charging
and discharging of an
energy storage unit
to measure, record, and
control with the intent of
protecting and optimizing
grid operation.
power source
located on the
distribution side
of the grid