Class 12th important project

1. AIM
To determine/measure
the pH of different
soils.

2. 2
PROFILE
NAME - Ayush Verma
CLASS – Xi B
ROLL NO. – 09
SUBJECT – Chemistry
SR NO. – 16386
FATHER’S NAME – Mr Santosh Kumar
SUBJECT TEACHER - Mrs Uma Sharma
SCHOOL – Rani Laxmi Bai Memorial School

3. 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMET
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to
my teacher (Mrs Uma Sharma) as well as our principal
ma’am who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic (Write the topic name),
which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and i
came to know about so many new things I am really
thankful to them.
Secondly i would also like to thank my parents and
friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project
within the limited time frame.
INDEX

4. 4
S no. Topic page no. Teachers sign
1. First page 01
2. PROFILE 02
3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 03
4. Apparatus 04
5. Introduction 05
6. Measuring soil pH 06
7. Ph OF soil for different 07
Crops.
8. Affects of pH on availability
Of soil nutrients 08
9. Ph OF different soils 09-10
10. Conclusion 11
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY 12
12. Result 13

5. 5

6. APPARATUS
●DIFFERENT SOILS
● PH SCALE
● SOIL PH KIT
● TEST TUBE
● BURNER
● PH PAPER

7. 2
Introduction
Ph
pH is the measurement of the acidity or alkalinity. Everything around us has a pH
and this test can be done on a variety of things such as food (e.g. ketchup, orange
juice, etc.), household products (e.g. bleach), medical samples (e.g. urine), and
environmental samples (e.g. water, soil, etc.). In chemistry terms, pH is the negative
logarithm of hydrogen ion (H+) activity. In all cases, it is measured on a scale of 0
to 14 of which 7 is considered to be neutral. If it falls below 7 it is acidic and if it is
above 7 it is alkaline or basic.
IMPORTANCE OF PH IN SOIL.
For soil health! In the soil, availability of plant nutrients such as nitrogen
(for foliage), phosphorus (for root formation and energy transfer), and
potassium (for seed formation/germination and sugar formation) are
affected by the pH of the soil. Soil pH is not a nutrient but does tell us how
well plants can pull nutrients from the soil. And microorganisms live in
the soil and their activity is affected by soil pH around them.

8. 3
Measuring soil pH
Soil pH can be measured in the field using a test kit or by sending a
sample to a laboratory formore accurate results. The standard depth of
sampling is 10 cm.
■ Soil pH in the field can be measured using a simple test kit based on a
colour-card method available from agricultural supply stores called the
Raupach soil pH kit. The kit gives the soil pH on the water scale (see later)
and should be used only as a guide to soil pH.
■ Analysis in a laboratory provides the most accurate measurement of soil
pH. It is the best basis we can have when deciding whether or not to start an
acid soil management strategy such as liming.

9. 4
PH OF SOIL FOR DIFFERENT CROP

10. 5
EFFECT OF PH ON AVAILABILITY
OF SOIL NUTRIENTS.
A soil pH(CaCl2) of 5.2 to 8.0 provides optimum conditions for most
agricultural plants .All plants are affected by the extremes of pH but there
is wide variation in their tolerance of acidity and alkalinity. Some plants
grow well over a wide pH range, whilst others are very sensitive to small
variations in acidity or alkalinity. Figure 2 provides a guide to the
preferred pH(CaCl2) for some common crops and pastures.

11. 6
Ph OF DIFFERENT SOIL.
● BLACK SOIL
Black soil are mineral soils which have a black surface horizon,enriched
with organic carbon that is at least 25 cm deep.
PH - 7.2 – 8.5
● SANDY SOIL
Sandy soils are one of the poorest types of soil for growing plants because it
has very low nutrients and poor water holding capacity, which makes it
hard for the plant’s roots to absorb water.
PH - 5.8 - 6.3.

12. 7
● ALLUVIAL SOIL
PH - 7.5 - 8.0
● RED SOIL
PH – 6.6 – 8.0

13. 8
CONCLUSION
Soil pH will influence both the availability
of soil nutrients to plants and how the
nutrients react with each other. For
example: At a low pH, many elements
become less available to plants, while others
such as iron, aluminum and manganese
become toxic to plants.

14. 9
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
●www.wikipedia.com
●BOOKS
●MAGAZINES
●NEWSPAPER

15. 10
Result
●After conducting several tests it was concluded that
Maintaining the soil pH at the optimum level
will increase the microbiological activity of the
soil, and result in better soil nutrient recycling
and release. Soil pH is also critical for
maximising the availability of nutrients (N, P &
K) applied in organic and chemical fertilizers.