This document provides information about business culture and etiquette in Slovakia. It discusses communication styles, education levels, cultural taboos, and business meeting etiquette. Slovaks communicate in a reserved manner, preferring indirectness. Most managers are well-educated with university degrees and knowledge of foreign languages. Business relationships are built on trust and written agreements take priority over verbal ones. Meetings require punctuality, conservative dress, and avoiding personal topics or jokes.
Giải pháp nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh cho tập đoàn viễn thông quân đội Viettel. Mục tiêu trong giai đoạn tới của tập đoàn viễn thông quân đội Viettel là phát triển nhanh, bền vững, để trở thành nhà khai thác dịch vụ viễn thông số 1 Việt Nam vào năm 2015. Để đạt được thành công đó, nhiệm vụ đặt ra cho Tập đoàn là phải nâng cao hơn nữa năng lực cạnh tranh của mình để tồn tại và phát triển ngày càng mạnh mẽ, đạt được mục tiêu đề ra.
LUẬN VĂN - Nâng cao hiệu quả hoạt động PR trong công tác tuyển sinh của Trường Đại học Sao Đỏ - tải tại sividoc.com.doc
Dịch vụ hỗ trợ viết đề tài điểm cao baocaothuctap.net
Zalo / Tel: 0909.232.620
This project proposal outlines plans for Ufone, a Pakistani cellular service provider. It discusses Ufone's history and introduction in 1990, organizational structure with departments like sales, marketing, IT, and customer care. The proposal presents Ufone's vision to be the leading provider and mission to offer best services. It analyzes Ufone's target market of youth, competitors, and strengths like its HR system and market pay while noting weaknesses like a focus on internal hiring. The proposal concludes that Ufone aggressively promotes itself to become the largest market leader.
Analyzing interrelationships of managerial decisions/actions within and between the Verizon firm and its environment. Applies multi-disciplinary techniques to diagnose and recommend actions appropriate to specific company situations, using case method.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Bulgaria. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project, which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
Lithuania is an attractive location for international business due to its strategic geographical location, competitive costs, growing economy, and skilled workforce. Some promising sectors for investment include transportation and logistics, energy, ICT, biotech, plastics, machinery, and food processing. Lithuania provides tax incentives and free economic zones to support business development.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Romania. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
Giải pháp nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh cho tập đoàn viễn thông quân đội Viettel. Mục tiêu trong giai đoạn tới của tập đoàn viễn thông quân đội Viettel là phát triển nhanh, bền vững, để trở thành nhà khai thác dịch vụ viễn thông số 1 Việt Nam vào năm 2015. Để đạt được thành công đó, nhiệm vụ đặt ra cho Tập đoàn là phải nâng cao hơn nữa năng lực cạnh tranh của mình để tồn tại và phát triển ngày càng mạnh mẽ, đạt được mục tiêu đề ra.
LUẬN VĂN - Nâng cao hiệu quả hoạt động PR trong công tác tuyển sinh của Trường Đại học Sao Đỏ - tải tại sividoc.com.doc
Dịch vụ hỗ trợ viết đề tài điểm cao baocaothuctap.net
Zalo / Tel: 0909.232.620
This project proposal outlines plans for Ufone, a Pakistani cellular service provider. It discusses Ufone's history and introduction in 1990, organizational structure with departments like sales, marketing, IT, and customer care. The proposal presents Ufone's vision to be the leading provider and mission to offer best services. It analyzes Ufone's target market of youth, competitors, and strengths like its HR system and market pay while noting weaknesses like a focus on internal hiring. The proposal concludes that Ufone aggressively promotes itself to become the largest market leader.
Analyzing interrelationships of managerial decisions/actions within and between the Verizon firm and its environment. Applies multi-disciplinary techniques to diagnose and recommend actions appropriate to specific company situations, using case method.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Bulgaria. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project, which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
Lithuania is an attractive location for international business due to its strategic geographical location, competitive costs, growing economy, and skilled workforce. Some promising sectors for investment include transportation and logistics, energy, ICT, biotech, plastics, machinery, and food processing. Lithuania provides tax incentives and free economic zones to support business development.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Romania. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
The document discusses doing business in Lithuania and provides information from the Baltic Law Firm LEXTAL. It summarizes that LEXTAL is a law firm operating in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania with about 30 lawyers speaking 12 languages. It provides legal services across practice areas and acts as a one-stop shop for clients in the Baltic countries. The presentation also covers topics like investing in real estate, types of companies, taxation, and visa and residency permits in Lithuania.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Estonia. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Lithuania. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
The document provides an overview of key aspects of Russian business culture. It discusses values like collectivism and egalitarianism. It outlines common practices such as the importance of punctuality, using faxes/emails for communication, and having meetings and paperwork involve signatures. Business dress is also formal, involving suits. Building personal relationships is emphasized, and status and hierarchy must be respected.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Latvia. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
It is my study about Russian Business Culture.common working practices in Russia,Making Appointment,Business Dress Code
Conversation, Structure and hierarchy in Russian business culture
Working relation Ship in Russia, Business Practices in Russia, gender Aspects, Meals and Business Etiquettes
Finally we’ll discuss what are Do’s and Don’ts in Russian business.
Early Russian culture was influenced by Finno-Ugric tribes and Turkic peoples. It later synthesized Slavic and Byzantine cultures. Russia has over 160 ethnic groups that speak about 100 languages, though most speak Russian. Old Russian folklore has roots in ancient Slavic pagan beliefs and is now represented in fairy tales. Russian literature and philosophy have greatly contributed to world culture, with writers like Pushkin and Tolstoy. Russian performing arts have a tradition of folk music and dances, and visual arts followed Western European styles.
This document provides an overview of Russian culture and business practices. It discusses key cultural concepts in Russia like collectivism, egalitarianism, and dusha (soul). It describes the hierarchical and collective decision-making structure typical of Russian companies. Some business practices covered include the importance of punctuality, paperwork, business cards, toasts at meals, and maintaining eye contact. The document also notes gender differences and attitudes towards foreign partners in Russian business culture.
Bulgarian Culture according to Hofstede's 5 dimensionsEva Yordanova
Bulgaria has a high power distance culture where there is an accepted hierarchical structure. It is a collectivist society where loyalty and strong relationships are valued over individual goals. Bulgaria also has a relatively feminine culture where consensus is preferred, equality and quality of life are emphasized, and conflicts are resolved through compromise. Bulgaria has high uncertainty avoidance, meaning society fosters rules and order to reduce uncertainty and ambiguity.
This document provides an overview of business culture and etiquette in Slovenia. It discusses key topics such as business communication preferences, the importance of punctuality, and cultural taboos to avoid. Specifically, it notes that Slovenians prefer direct, face-to-face communication to build trust and that being late is considered rude. Additionally, it recommends learning basic Slovenian greetings and using formal titles until invited to use first names to build strong business relationships in Slovenia.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Croatia. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project, which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Austria. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project, which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
This document provides an overview of business culture and etiquette in the Czech Republic. It discusses the country's education system, noting that most Czech managers have university degrees. It emphasizes the importance of formality in business communications and relationships in the Czech Republic. Face-to-face communication tends to be indirect and cautious at first. English proficiency is common among younger managers, though an interpreter may still be needed. The document outlines proper etiquette for meetings, negotiations, gift-giving, and business meals.
This document provides an overview of business culture and etiquette in Portugal. It discusses key topics such as xenophobia towards foreigners, the importance of relationships in business, communication styles, punctuality, gift giving customs, and business meeting etiquette. Some cultural taboos in Portugal include discussing colonial wars, religion, racism, or abortion. Building trust through personal interactions is emphasized as important in the Portuguese business culture.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Poland. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Sweden. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
This document provides an overview of EU funding programs that are available to support the tourism sector in Europe between 2014-2020. It describes several major funds - the European Regional Development Fund, European Social Fund, European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, European Maritime and Fisheries Fund, LIFE, Horizon 2020, COSME, Creative Europe, and Erasmus+ - and outlines what types of tourism-related projects are eligible for each, who can apply, funding amounts, and examples of successful past projects. The guide aims to help those working in tourism discover opportunities for EU support to develop new products and services, improve skills, promote sustainability, and increase competitiveness.
1. This guide provides information on EU funding programmes that are relevant for the tourism sector for the 2014-2020 period.
2. It describes 12 key programmes that can provide direct or indirect funding to support tourism-related projects and initiatives.
3. The guide summarizes each programme's objectives, eligible activities, potential applicants, funding amounts, and provides examples of previously funded projects.
This Report is one of six studies in the first phase of the EU project on “Costs and Benefits of Labour Mobility between the EU and the Eastern Partnership Partner Countries.” It aims to provide an informed view on the potential for increased migration flows and their consequences as a result of possible changes in the migration policies of the European Union with regard to Moldova. Since Moldova’s Declaration of Independence in 1990, migration has transformed the country in ways that were impossible to predict. With over a quarter of its labour force now working abroad (a full ten percent of its population), Moldova has become the epitome of a migration-dependent country, with all the costs and benefits associated with this definition. Remittances are as high as one-third of national income, and have helped the country raise its living standards and fuel investment in housing and small businesses. Yet there have also been costs to the large migratory flows, ranging from effects on the macroeconomy to the disruption of social life. All in all, migration has been good for Moldova. This complex socio-economic phenomenon now appears to have stabilized. Further gains for Moldova and its partner countries could be achieved when new agreements are implemented and the institutions dealing with the planning of migration and protection of migrants are strengthened.
Authored by: Georgeta Mincu, Vasile Cantarji
Published in 2013
Labour migration does not appear to have the same magnitude and socio-economic importance in Belarus as in other EaP countries. It is one of the few post-socialist economies that have preserved the dominance of the state sector and built complicated systems of subsidisation and economic support for the population designed to manage the political-business cycle (see Chubrik, Shymanovich, Zaretsky (2012)). This model has allowed the economy to grow quite steadily until recently. However, the distorted system of incentives that was created for enterprises and households has resulted in the need for a “correction”, which happened in the form of a balance of payments crisis in 2011. The impact of this factor on migration has not been fully visible yet. At the same time the relatively long period of stability and gradual, but steady, increase in welfare payments has played a role as a migration-restraining factor. In order to estimate cost and benefits of labour migration between EU and Belarus, this study utilises publically available literature as background and relies where possible on micro-data: Census-2009, Household Budget Survey (HBS), as well as relevant official data and data from polls related to the topic. Additionally, some sections of this report rely on information collected in the course of a focus group meeting with labour migrants and a series of in-depth interviews with officials from state, international, and non-governmental agencies dealing with migration. Lastly, in some cases anecdotal evidence was collected to support some of the new trends that have not yet been recorded in the statistics.
Authored by: Alexander Chubrik and Alaksei Kazlou
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in the Netherlands. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project, which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Iceland. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
The document discusses doing business in Lithuania and provides information from the Baltic Law Firm LEXTAL. It summarizes that LEXTAL is a law firm operating in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania with about 30 lawyers speaking 12 languages. It provides legal services across practice areas and acts as a one-stop shop for clients in the Baltic countries. The presentation also covers topics like investing in real estate, types of companies, taxation, and visa and residency permits in Lithuania.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Estonia. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Lithuania. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
The document provides an overview of key aspects of Russian business culture. It discusses values like collectivism and egalitarianism. It outlines common practices such as the importance of punctuality, using faxes/emails for communication, and having meetings and paperwork involve signatures. Business dress is also formal, involving suits. Building personal relationships is emphasized, and status and hierarchy must be respected.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Latvia. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
It is my study about Russian Business Culture.common working practices in Russia,Making Appointment,Business Dress Code
Conversation, Structure and hierarchy in Russian business culture
Working relation Ship in Russia, Business Practices in Russia, gender Aspects, Meals and Business Etiquettes
Finally we’ll discuss what are Do’s and Don’ts in Russian business.
Early Russian culture was influenced by Finno-Ugric tribes and Turkic peoples. It later synthesized Slavic and Byzantine cultures. Russia has over 160 ethnic groups that speak about 100 languages, though most speak Russian. Old Russian folklore has roots in ancient Slavic pagan beliefs and is now represented in fairy tales. Russian literature and philosophy have greatly contributed to world culture, with writers like Pushkin and Tolstoy. Russian performing arts have a tradition of folk music and dances, and visual arts followed Western European styles.
This document provides an overview of Russian culture and business practices. It discusses key cultural concepts in Russia like collectivism, egalitarianism, and dusha (soul). It describes the hierarchical and collective decision-making structure typical of Russian companies. Some business practices covered include the importance of punctuality, paperwork, business cards, toasts at meals, and maintaining eye contact. The document also notes gender differences and attitudes towards foreign partners in Russian business culture.
Bulgarian Culture according to Hofstede's 5 dimensionsEva Yordanova
Bulgaria has a high power distance culture where there is an accepted hierarchical structure. It is a collectivist society where loyalty and strong relationships are valued over individual goals. Bulgaria also has a relatively feminine culture where consensus is preferred, equality and quality of life are emphasized, and conflicts are resolved through compromise. Bulgaria has high uncertainty avoidance, meaning society fosters rules and order to reduce uncertainty and ambiguity.
This document provides an overview of business culture and etiquette in Slovenia. It discusses key topics such as business communication preferences, the importance of punctuality, and cultural taboos to avoid. Specifically, it notes that Slovenians prefer direct, face-to-face communication to build trust and that being late is considered rude. Additionally, it recommends learning basic Slovenian greetings and using formal titles until invited to use first names to build strong business relationships in Slovenia.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Croatia. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project, which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Austria. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project, which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
This document provides an overview of business culture and etiquette in the Czech Republic. It discusses the country's education system, noting that most Czech managers have university degrees. It emphasizes the importance of formality in business communications and relationships in the Czech Republic. Face-to-face communication tends to be indirect and cautious at first. English proficiency is common among younger managers, though an interpreter may still be needed. The document outlines proper etiquette for meetings, negotiations, gift-giving, and business meals.
This document provides an overview of business culture and etiquette in Portugal. It discusses key topics such as xenophobia towards foreigners, the importance of relationships in business, communication styles, punctuality, gift giving customs, and business meeting etiquette. Some cultural taboos in Portugal include discussing colonial wars, religion, racism, or abortion. Building trust through personal interactions is emphasized as important in the Portuguese business culture.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Poland. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Sweden. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
This document provides an overview of EU funding programs that are available to support the tourism sector in Europe between 2014-2020. It describes several major funds - the European Regional Development Fund, European Social Fund, European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, European Maritime and Fisheries Fund, LIFE, Horizon 2020, COSME, Creative Europe, and Erasmus+ - and outlines what types of tourism-related projects are eligible for each, who can apply, funding amounts, and examples of successful past projects. The guide aims to help those working in tourism discover opportunities for EU support to develop new products and services, improve skills, promote sustainability, and increase competitiveness.
1. This guide provides information on EU funding programmes that are relevant for the tourism sector for the 2014-2020 period.
2. It describes 12 key programmes that can provide direct or indirect funding to support tourism-related projects and initiatives.
3. The guide summarizes each programme's objectives, eligible activities, potential applicants, funding amounts, and provides examples of previously funded projects.
This Report is one of six studies in the first phase of the EU project on “Costs and Benefits of Labour Mobility between the EU and the Eastern Partnership Partner Countries.” It aims to provide an informed view on the potential for increased migration flows and their consequences as a result of possible changes in the migration policies of the European Union with regard to Moldova. Since Moldova’s Declaration of Independence in 1990, migration has transformed the country in ways that were impossible to predict. With over a quarter of its labour force now working abroad (a full ten percent of its population), Moldova has become the epitome of a migration-dependent country, with all the costs and benefits associated with this definition. Remittances are as high as one-third of national income, and have helped the country raise its living standards and fuel investment in housing and small businesses. Yet there have also been costs to the large migratory flows, ranging from effects on the macroeconomy to the disruption of social life. All in all, migration has been good for Moldova. This complex socio-economic phenomenon now appears to have stabilized. Further gains for Moldova and its partner countries could be achieved when new agreements are implemented and the institutions dealing with the planning of migration and protection of migrants are strengthened.
Authored by: Georgeta Mincu, Vasile Cantarji
Published in 2013
Labour migration does not appear to have the same magnitude and socio-economic importance in Belarus as in other EaP countries. It is one of the few post-socialist economies that have preserved the dominance of the state sector and built complicated systems of subsidisation and economic support for the population designed to manage the political-business cycle (see Chubrik, Shymanovich, Zaretsky (2012)). This model has allowed the economy to grow quite steadily until recently. However, the distorted system of incentives that was created for enterprises and households has resulted in the need for a “correction”, which happened in the form of a balance of payments crisis in 2011. The impact of this factor on migration has not been fully visible yet. At the same time the relatively long period of stability and gradual, but steady, increase in welfare payments has played a role as a migration-restraining factor. In order to estimate cost and benefits of labour migration between EU and Belarus, this study utilises publically available literature as background and relies where possible on micro-data: Census-2009, Household Budget Survey (HBS), as well as relevant official data and data from polls related to the topic. Additionally, some sections of this report rely on information collected in the course of a focus group meeting with labour migrants and a series of in-depth interviews with officials from state, international, and non-governmental agencies dealing with migration. Lastly, in some cases anecdotal evidence was collected to support some of the new trends that have not yet been recorded in the statistics.
Authored by: Alexander Chubrik and Alaksei Kazlou
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in the Netherlands. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project, which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Iceland. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Hungary. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
Exploring Ukraine. IT Outsourcing Industry 2012HI-TECH_Org_Ua
The “Exploring Ukraine. IT Outsourcing Industry” report is intended for the current and potential software development and IT outsourcing services clients who are looking for opportunities of setting up their business in Ukraine and provides them with all the information needed to understand the market and to make decisions about outsourcing activities to Ukraine.
The primary objectives of the report are to provide the holistic view on the state and potential of the Ukrainian industry of IT outsourcing and software development services, to gather all relevant information on the industry and provide a general economic analysis of the main characteristics of software development business.
The report “Exploring Ukraine. IT Outsourcing Industry” published by Ukrainian Hi-Tech Initiative, leading association of outsourcing companies, is a qualitative source of information on the state of the Ukraine’s IT outsourcing and software development services industry and is distributed for free.
Directory of DCFTA-related support programmes and projectsDCFTAProject_2014
„Compendiul programelor și proiectelor de sprijin în implementarea DCFTA în Republica Moldova” a fost conceput pentru a sprijini procesul de implementare DCFTA și pentru o mai bună coordonare a donatorilor. Compendiul poate fi folosit și ca un instrument util pentru a maximiza sinergiile și complementaritățile între donatori și minimiza în timp zonele de suprapunere a domeniilor acoperite de DCFTA.
This document provides information about "This is European Social Innovation", a project that selected 10 promising social innovation projects from over 100 submissions across 23 European countries. It introduces the jury members - Alain Coheur, the Director of Social Economy Europe, and Diogo Vasconcelos, Chair of SIX - who selected the 10 projects. The selected projects highlight some of the most promising social innovations currently happening in different fields and countries across Europe.
This document provides information about "This is European Social Innovation", a project that selected 10 promising social innovation projects from over 100 applications across 23 European countries. It was coordinated by the Social Innovation eXchange, Euclid Network, and the Social Innovation Park in Bilbao, Spain, with the aim of highlighting and raising the profile of social innovation across Europe. The document introduces the jury members and provides a brief overview of the selection process and the 10 selected social innovation projects.
This document summarizes a report on social innovation projects across Europe. It introduces the organizations that coordinated the report, including the Social Innovation eXchange. It then provides brief summaries of 10 social innovation projects from across Europe, including projects focused on healthcare in the UK, parenting in Germany, bicycles in France, eldercare in Italy, legal rights in Romania, urban beekeeping in Denmark, education in Turkey, youth programs in Portugal, digital skills in the Netherlands, and health and wellness in France. The document concludes by discussing next steps for social innovation and support for the selected projects.
The paper aims to assess the impact of selected elements of social harmonization on labor market performance in the European Union among two groups of workers—the total working population and the elderly. The aim is to examine whether upward changes in labor taxes affect employment, unemployment, and inactivity rates in the European Union.
Similar to Slovak business culture guide - Learn about Slovak Republic (20)
http://blogs.salford.ac.uk/business-school/creative-entrepreneur-business-event Impact of an EU referendum on the digital economy
Dr. Aleksej Heinze hosts a discussion on this topical subject featuring experts Lisa Smart, Tony Clayton, Steve Kunkewicz and Sam Clark. This should be a session not to miss, discussing this key issues and inviting audience participation.
#Digitalmarketing trends of video and mobile marketing: #CreativeEnt 2015Salford Business School
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChlrjI6aoP4
Digital Marketing panel session chaired by Dr.Aleksej Heinze (Co-Director Centre for Digital Business). The session was part of the Creative Entrepreneur 2015 event http://blogs.salford.ac.uk/business-school/creative-entrepreneur-business-event an expert panel presentation and discussion on mobile & video optimisation featuring:
Cindy Krum (Mobile Moxie)
Tina Judic (Found)
Phil Morgan (Delineo)
Rich George (MEC)
Our Creative Entrepreneur – Next Generation event is a culmination of another amazing year and pulls together our Business centres of Digital, Social and Sports to educate and entertain the next generation of global entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs. We opened the doors of our cutting edge showcase space at our MediaCityUK campus to students, staff and friends on 25 November 2015.
"Ignited” is sharing the knowledge and experience embedded within Salford Business School in a way that is accessible and relevant.
Presented as a range of short pieces from colleagues within the School this collection of insights proves that the future is:
complex
connected
international and
most definitely exciting!
Business is changing rapidly and just “keeping up” is a very real challenge for us all. Supporting our stakeholders to remain relevant and fully aware of the changing landscape of business is an integral part of our mission, our contribution to business and a reflection of the impact that we have on our local, national and international communities.
http://blogs.salford.ac.uk/business-school/2015-the-year-of-connected-business/
The document describes the author's educational and career path. It details how he obtained business degrees but did not find jobs, instead selling items on eBay and opening a Subway franchise. He later completed a PhD while growing his franchise to seven stores. The document outlines ten things that waste energy, such as pleasing others and impatience, and things one shouldn't fear, like change and initiative. It emphasizes controlling emotions, managing thoughts positively, and behaving in a manner that allows progress.
Persistent disruptive bouts of strike action in recent years by teachers, civil servants, firefighters, and rail and London Underground workers amongst others, sometimes called with only a small proportion of union members voting in favour of strike action, has provided the backcloth to the publication on 15 July of a Trade Union Bill by the newly elected majority Conservative government. The Bill promises (amongst a variety of other measures) the most sweeping and radical tightening of the rules on industrial action seen since the Thatcher era of the 1980s with a minimum 50 per cent ballot participation threshold alongside a requirement for unions in ‘important public services’ to obtain a minimum 40 per cent majority of all those eligible to vote. It would have a devastating effect on many unions’ ability to take lawful industrial action.
This Salford Business School Research Paper explores the following research questions:
• To what extent are the Conservatives justified in pointing to a ‘democratic deficit’ in which a majority of indifferent union members have surrendered control over whether to strike to a committed minority?
• How can we explain strike ballot participation rates? Why do some union members not vote?
• To what extent does the secret individual postal balloting process affect the level of participation?
• What other factors might potentially influence whether union members vote or not?
• How are the unions likely to fare in the face of the Conservative government’s two new balloting thresholds?
Organisational capacity of non profit organisations in the Russian FederationSalford Business School
http://blogs.salford.ac.uk/business-school/non-profit-organisations/ Final Report:
Organisational Capacity of Non Profit Organisations in the Russian Federation
Written by:
Sergej Ljubownikow
Nottingham Business School
Nottingham Trent University
Nottingham, NG1 4BU
Jo Crotty
Salford Business School
University of Salford
Manchester
This research was funded by the British Academy for Humanities and Social Sciences grant SG111936
Summary
This research investigated non-profit organisations (NPOs), engaged in the area of health and health care in the Russian Federation. The aim of the research was to explore whether and how such organisations provide services to their clients and the extent to which these groups are a substitute for services normally provided by the State. The research studying twelve Russian non-profit organisations in the health sector found that such organisations require the development of several organisational capabilities in order to effectively deliver sustainable services alongside the Russian State.
Specifically the research project highlighted that health NPOs in Russia need to: i.) develop their skills and capabilities to engage with volunteers; ii.) be more proactive in planning for organisational leadership transitions; iii.) develop their advocacy skills in order to be more active in influencing the State’s service provision activities; and, iv.) be more active in exploring the diversification of both income streams and activity focus. However the research also found that NPOs with clients with HIV/AIDS engage in commendable and innovative ways to deliver their services drawing on both global best practices and on the most up-to-date research in their respective field. The HIV/AIDS area was also the best organised in terms of intra-organisational collaborations. The research also found that all of the participating NPOs where very proficient at navigating a very difficult official environment.
Volunteer Engagement in a Restrictive Context: The experience of Russian NPOs Salford Business School
Volunteer Engagement in a Restrictive Context: The experience of Russian NPOs
Dr Sergej Ljubownikow from Nottingham Business School and Prof Jo Crotty from Salford Business School who carried out the work summarise the research findings and say that “Russian NPOs in the health sector require the development of several organisational capabilities in order to effectively deliver sustainable services alongside the Russian State”.
This research investigated non-profit organisations (NPOs), engaged in the area of health and health care in the Russian Federation. The aim of the research was to explore whether and how such organisations provide services to their clients and the extent to which these groups are a substitute for services normally provided by the State. The research found that Russian non-profit organisations in the health sector require the development of several organisational capabilities in order to effectively deliver sustainable services alongside the Russian State.
Specifically the research project highlighted that health NPOs in Russia need to: i.) develop their skills and capabilities to engage with volunteers; ii.) be more proactive in planning for organisational leadership transitions; iii.) develop their advocacy skills in order to be more active in influencing the State’s service provision activities; and, iv.) be more active in exploring the diversification of both income streams and activity focus. However the research also found that NPOs with clients with HIV/AIDS engage in commendable and innovative ways to deliver their services drawing on both global best practices and on the most up-to-date research in their respective field. The HIV/AIDS area was also the best organised in terms of intra-organisational collaborations. The research also found that all of the participating NPOs where very proficient at navigating a very difficult official environment.
Academic online profile development - NARTI Workshop - Salford Business SchoolSalford Business School
Academic online profile development session notes from - NARTI Workshop - held at Salford Business School, University of Salford on 26th November 2016. Presented by Dr Aleksej Heinze and Udeni Salmon.
See related blog post:
http://blogs.salford.ac.uk/business-school/narti-workshop-academic-online-profile
The Business Masterclasses with Salford Business School
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, Greater Manchester
21st May 2014
17:00 - 19:15
The Salford MBA.
This presentation provides an overview of the Salford MBA programmes at Salford Business School.
The Business Masterclasses with Salford Business School
MediaCityUK, Salford Quays, Greater Manchester
21st May 2014
17:00 - 19:15
Salford Law @ Salford Business School
This presentation provides an overview of Salford Law programmes at Salford Business School
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Spain. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Malta. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Macedonia. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Luxembourg. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Italy. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Ireland. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Greece. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in Germany. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
http://businessculture.org - Find out about business culture in France. This guide is part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project which examined European Business culture in 31 countries looking at business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Slovak business culture guide - Learn about Slovak Republic
1.
|
1
businessculture.org
Business Culture
In Slovak Republic
http://businessculture.org/easterneurope/slovakia/
Content Template
Last updated: 27.09.2013
businessculture.org
Content
SVK
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This
publication reflects the view only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
2.
|
2
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Business
Culture
in
Slovak
Republic
..........................................................................................
4
Xenophobia: being a foreigner in Slovak Republic ............................................................................. 5
International business in Slovak Republic ........................................................................................... 5
General educations ............................................................................................................................... 6
Education standards ............................................................................................................................. 6
Cultural taboos ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Business
Communications
in
Slovak
Republic
..........................................................................
8
Face – to – face communication........................................................................................................... 8
Language matters ................................................................................................................................. 8
Business relationship ............................................................................................................................. 9
Making Contact.................................................................................................................................... 9
Personal titles ........................................................................................................................................ 9
Business
Etiquette
..................................................................................................................
11
Corporate social responsibility ........................................................................................................... 11
Punctuality .......................................................................................................................................... 12
Gift giving ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Business dress code ............................................................................................................................. 12
Bribery and corruption ....................................................................................................................... 12
Business
Meeting
Etiquette
....................................................................................................
14
Importance of business meetings ........................................................................................................ 14
Business meeting planning ................................................................................................................. 14
Negotiation process ............................................................................................................................ 15
Meeting protocol ................................................................................................................................ 15
How to run a business meeting .......................................................................................................... 16
Follow up letter after meeting with client ........................................................................................... 16
Business meals .................................................................................................................................... 17
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
3.
|
3
Business meeting tips .......................................................................................................................... 18
Internship
and
placement
.......................................................................................................
19
Work experience................................................................................................................................. 19
Internship and placement advice ....................................................................................................... 19
Social security and European health insurance card ......................................................................... 19
Safety .................................................................................................................................................. 20
Do l need a visa? ................................................................................................................................. 20
Internship and placement salary ........................................................................................................ 20
Internship and placement accommodation ........................................................................................ 21
Cost
of
Living
...........................................................................................................................
22
Money and banking ........................................................................................................................... 22
Travelling costs ................................................................................................................................... 22
Work-‐life
Balance
....................................................................................................................
23
National holidays ................................................................................................................................ 23
Working Hours ................................................................................................................................... 24
Work culture ....................................................................................................................................... 24
Health insurance ................................................................................................................................ 24
Social
Media
Guide
.................................................................................................................
25
SMEs .................................................................................................................................................. 25
Search and Social Media Marketing for International Business ........................................................ 26
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
4.
|
4
Business
Culture
in
Slovak
Republic
The following is a very short introduction to Slovak Republic. External links at the end of this
page provide you with more in depth information concerning different topics.
The following video gives you an overview of the general facts:
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HkaLBG0hfGw)
The Slovak Republic, also known as Slovakia, is strategically situated in the centre of Europe
surrounded by five countries: the Czech Republic to the northwest, Poland to the north, the
Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south and Austria to the west. The Slovak Republic was formed
in 1993 with a land mass of 49,037 km2, when Czechoslovakia separated into two sovereign
states. Slovakia joined the European Union in 2004 and adopted the Euro as its currency on
January 1st, 2009.
The population of the Slovak Republic is 5,483,088 million inhabitants (July 2012), with the capital
Bratislava being the largest city with 425,533 inhabitants, followed by Kosice with approximately
235,281 inhabitants, Presov with 92,147 inhabitants, Nitra with 86,138 inhabitants, Zilina with
85,278 inhabitants and Banska Bystrica with 81,961 inhabitants. There is a growing volume of
movement of people in the Slovak Republic, both from internal migration between regions and
immigration from abroad.
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
5.
|
5
The Slovak Republic had to implement many structural reforms before they could join the
European Union and start using the Euro as currency, which was beneficial to the overall growth of
the economy. The Slovak government has maintained a series of incentives to attract foreign direct
investment (FDI) to help maintain the upward trajectory of the economy since joining the EU.
The Slovak Republic also enjoys a well educated, skilled and cheap labour force, a flat rate of
taxation for corporations and individuals, no dividends taxes, liberal labour laws and a favourable
geographical location, compared to Western Europe. This has helped to increase foreign direct
investment by about 600% in the last 10 years.
Since joining the EU, the Slovak Republic has attracted a lot of investment in various sectors,
notably in industries like car manufacturing, metallurgy, chemicals and food processing. The main
sectors of the Slovak economy are the service sector, industry and agriculture.
The official language of the Slovak Republic is Slovak and its official currency is the Euro. The
Slovak Republic is in the Central European Time Zone and adheres to CET (UTC +1) during the
winter and CEST (UTC +2) during the summer. The climate is characterized by mild, humid
summers with occasional hot spells and cold, cloudy and humid winter with occasional arctic winter
spells. Winter months are very cold and temperatures can drop as low as -25C under extreme
conditions, but generally tend to stay between -5C to -10C under normal circumstances. In
summer, temperatures average between 25C to 35C and can reach 40C in extreme conditions.
Xenophobia:
being
a
foreigner
in
Slovak
Republic
Slovak attitudes to foreigners in business are that of mutual respect. They respond well to
foreigners when they see that they can learn from them, but can be intolerant of those who do not
appear to deserve their position. The days of blind adulation for everything foreign are long gone.
Slovaks have utmost respect for expatriates working in the Slovak Republic, but now that respect
is more for the knowledge of the individual rather than just because they are foreign.
International
business
in
Slovak
Republic
When you visit another country on business, you can expect some differences in how business is
conducted. However, you do not always have sufficient time to learn these differences through
personal experience. Sometimes, you will find yourself in a meeting only a few hours after your
arrival, where your lack of local knowledge leads you to make basic cultural mistakes, which can
have serious repercussions on your efforts.
This section is intended to equip you with the basic ‘ground rules’ for doing business in the Slovak
Republic to ensure that you are sufficiently able to deal with most of the business situations that
you may encounter.
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
6.
|
6
General
educations
It is useful to be aware of the educational and linguistic competencies of your business partners to
help you prepare for your meetings and negotiations. Can you expect to find people who will speak
your language or should you bring an interpreter? What is the general level of computer literacy?
The Slovak Republic, just like the Czech Republic, has a high level of basic education and a long
standing tradition in engineering and manufacturing. Slovak managers tend to be well educated
with most having university degrees and the majority of those having a postgraduate degree in
management or their specialist field of expertise. Younger managers often travel to Western
Europe or the USA to study for their Master’s degree and gain practical experience.
Basic state education at the pre-school, primary and secondary school levels are free of charge and
mandatory for every child born in the Slovak Republic. The first step of schooling starts with preschool level and every child has the right to attend kindergarten between the ages of 3 and 6.
Sometimes places are limited, so parents have enrol their children in a school that may be slightly
further away or pay for a place at a private nursery school.
Primary school starts at the age of 6 or 7, depending on the child’s ability, and is divided into two
stages. The first stage of primary education takes 4 years and then the parents have to decide
whether the child continues to the fifth year in the same school or changes to a different school.
The reason for the change is that there are two types of schools at this level; comprehensive
schools (Gymnasium) and vocational schools (technical). The comprehensive school is further
divided into several specializations such as language, mathematics and science; vocational schools
are divided according to trade. A higher percentage of students that attend a comprehensive school
go on to university than those attending vocational schools.
Most students finish their secondary education around the age of 18 or 19. After graduation, the
students going to university continue with their education while the other group joins the
workforce.
University education takes a minimum of 4 years for an undergraduate degree, depending on the
course and 5 years for a specialist engineering degree, which is accredited at the same level as a
postgraduate qualification. Many local managers will go on to study for a postgraduate degree,
either locally, in Western Europe or at an American university, even after their acquiring their local
masters degree (Ing.).
Education
standards
Education is the fundamental right of every citizen in the Slovakia Republic and every child is
mandatory to go to school from pre-school till they are 18years. The standard of education in the
Slovakia Republic is quite high and the university standard is also quite high.
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
7.
|
7
Cultural
taboos
It is important to avoid mixing business with pleasure. Specifically, it is important to avoid asking
questions about intimate personal subjects, such as your host’s financial status, discussing
confidential business matters inappropriately, as well as racial and sexual jokes.
Slovaks might sometimes overstep the acceptable level of making jokes during business meetings.
However, you can talk generally about politics, the economy and important sports events.
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
8.
|
8
Business
Communications
in
Slovak
Republic
Communication is probably the most important aspect of doing business, yet we tend to take it for
granted when doing business in our own country because we are dealing with people that speak
the same language like us.
The section is divided into three areas: communication, working practice, and eating out. It
explains the differences between face-to-face communication, and dealing with people via the
telephone or by letter/fax etc. How important is it to address people by their correct title? How
should you introduce yourself? Should you always give your business cards? How important is it to
get things agreed in writing?
We think that this covers most business -situations. By reading this section, you should be
sufficiently well equipped with the basic ‘ground rules’ for doing business in the Slovak Republic.
Face
–
to
–
face
communication
Slovaks are not talkative by nature, preferring to be less direct and more cautious in their
approach. Partners should be prepared to read between the lines. This does not mean that Slovaks
are trying to hide something, just that they are not used to speaking their minds to total strangers.
In the case of non-verbal communications, Slovaks are known for their cool heads and reserved
attitude. Communicating with their hands or wild gesticulation is not typical of Slovak behaviour.
Be aware that maintaining direct eye contact is an important part of communicating your intentions
in a business meeting; it shows your level of interest in the discussion and that you are listening.
On the other hand, not making eye contact could be interpreted as deceptive behaviour and lack of
interest.
Language
matters
Many of the people in management positions in the Slovak Republic are multilingual. Most speak
English, Russian and German and people from southern Slovakia might also speak Hungarian. In
general, older people can speak a little bit of German, Russian, English and Hungarian in the
South. The younger generation speak mainly English as a second language, but French and
German are also popular. University educated people tend to speak more foreign languages than
the rest of the population.
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
9.
|
9
Most of the younger manages speak fluent English, which should negate the need for an
interpreter. A foreign business partner should always ask before the meeting whether an
interpreter is needed, in order to ensure there are no difficulties with communication and avoid any
embarrassment. It advisable to learn a few greeting phrases in Slovak to break the ice at the
beginning of the meeting.
The Slovak language differentiates between the singular (you) and plural (you) forms of address.
The singular form is a very familiar way of addressing someone and is used together with the first
name. The latter one is a more formal form of address and is used in conjunction with the
surname. However, it is also possible to use the plural form in conjunction with the first name as a
form of address. Thus, be careful, even the use of the first name does not necessarily mean the
relationship is too familiar. This is in contrast to English, where there is only one form of
addressing your business partner and a level of familiarity can be assumed when people address
each other on first name terms.
Business
relationship
Slovak small and medium sized enterprises welcome every opportunity to do business with foreign
partners. For the majority of SMEs, it is assumed that a written agreement has priority over a
verbal agreement. As it is always difficult to substantiate and refer to a verbal agreement, written
agreements are always recommended.
Making
Contact
In order to find information about potential business partners and opportunities in the Slovak
Republic, it is recommended to start with the following organisations:
You can also meet representatives of Slovak companies at trade shows, seminars and conferences
abroad.
Foreign partners are advised to make their first contact in written form, either by letter or fax or
email. Communications should be addressed directly to a specific person who is able to make a
quick decision, i.e. the Managing Director. If, after the first contact, it is known that the Slovak
manager speaks English, then the best and fastest way is to make a more direct connection and
arrange a face-to-face meeting. Slovaks prefer to have one-on-one negotiation.
Personal
titles
There is still a strong tendency to use professional titles in Slovak society. Most individuals are
addressed according to their profession or how their name is written on their business card.
Therefore, individuals might be addressed as Mr. Engineer, Mr. Magister, or Mr. Doctor. In
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
10.
|
10
conversation with local business partners, you should always address them by their job title,
except in cases where academic titles are mentioned on the business card, in which case academic
titles will have priority over business titles when addressing the person.
For example, if the name of the general manager of the company is Prof. Ing. Jaroslav Novák,
DrSc., he should be addressed as ‘Mr. General Manager’ rather than ‘Mr. Professor’. The use of
academic titles in the business environment, for example Professor (Prof.), Docent (Doc.), Doctor
of Science (Dr Sc.), raises the level of respect for the individual (especially within the older
generation).
In small and medium sized companies, they do not put too much emphasis on positional titles;
they prefer to use academic titles. Older managers are used to calling each other with their titles,
but the younger generation prefer to be addressed by their surname. In a business meeting held in
English, both Slovak and foreign partners will follow the English norm, i.e. Mr. Novak for a man,
Mrs. Nováková for a woman, or Ms. for a younger woman. In the Slovak language, the surname for
man and woman varies according to grammatical rules. For women you would add ‘ová’ or ‘á’ to
the end of the name i.e. Mr. Novák becomes Mrs. or Ms. Nováková. This naming convention is the
thing that confuses most foreigners when they are communicating with their Slovak partners,
because it does not translate into an English way of thinking. In the Slovak language, the
postpositions of ‘ová’ or ‘á’ are used only for surnames when addressing women.
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
11.
|
11
Business
Etiquette
Business etiquette focuses on the behaviour deemed appropriate in a professional setting and you’ll
be more likely to make an excellent impression on people you encounter if you maintain a
professional approach.
Attitudes and values are very important in trying to develop a business relationship between two
cultures or countries. Slovaks are well known for their professionalism and level-headedness in
business. They are friendly, but reserved, and it will take a few visits to get to know you before
they can really feel comfortable with you.
Basic tips to follow when doing business in the Slovak Republic
•
Greetings should include a firm handshake and direct eye contact; a weak handshake means that you are weak and
no direct eye contact could be taken to mean that you are hiding something.
•
Remain standing after greeting until invited to sit down as there might be a seat reserved specifically for you.
•
Do not give chrysanthemums or calla lilies as gifts because these are traditional funeral flowers.
•
Gifts are usually opened immediately after they have been received.
•
Business appointments are mandatory and should be made in advance.
•
Punctuality for meetings is taken extremely seriously.
•
Initial meetings are scheduled as introductions to get to know each other and to build trust with your Slovak
associates. The first meeting may be with a middle manager, rather than the actual decision maker. Expect some
small talk and getting-to-know-you conversation before business is discussed.
•
Slovaks are non-confrontational and often take an indirect approach to business dealings.
•
Business is conducted slowly, so you will have to be patient and not appear ruffled by the strict adherence to
protocol.
•
Business is hierarchical and decision-making power is held at the top of the company.
•
Do not try to schedule meetings on Friday afternoons, as many Slovaks leave for their cottages in the countryside
after lunch.
•
Many businesses close or operate with only minimal numbers of staff during August.
•
Maintain direct eye contact while speaking.
•
Presentations should be simple, accurate and detailed and, where necessary, you should have charts and figures to
back up your claims.
Corporate
social
responsibility
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a relatively new concept in the Slovak business community
and the government is trying to establish a partnership between companies, stakeholders and the
government to integrate social and environmental concerns into their business operations on a
voluntary basis. A project was launched in 2011 with the cooperation of partners including the
United Nations Development Programme, local universities and other stakeholders. It will also
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
12.
|
12
produce a government paper that will outline the National Strategy of support for CSR and provide
monitoring and evaluation of CSR in Slovak businesses.
Punctuality
Punctuality is important because arriving late for a business meeting does not paint a good picture
of the individual. The Slovak business community is very punctual and people don’t like to be kept
waiting for a meeting. A 15 minute grace period is normal in social settings, but might well be
frowned upon in a formal business environment where punctuality is expected.
Gift
giving
Most business people do not expect to be given gifts at a first meeting. However, something small,
a souvenir representing the business partner’s country would be acceptable, such as a book about
the visitor’s home country, bottle of alcohol or corporate gift.
Expensive presents are not recommended and could prove to be counterproductive as most
companies have a ceiling on the value of gifts that can be accepted.
Business
dress
code
In the Slovak business community, your appearance gives the first impression about you.
Cleanliness and tidiness are a must and you should dress in a professional and conservative
manner, paying attention to the time and place of the occasion. For men, a dark coloured suit or
jacket and trousers with tie is appropriate and woman managers like to wear suits. Your choice of
attire should demonstrate individual style and taste, but you should avoid bright colours if you
want to be taken seriously; woman should also take care to avoid provocative clothes.
There is a saying that the way you dress shows your respect for the business partner.
Large organisations set a dress code policy for their employees, through which they are able to
show respect for their business partners, customers and the general public.
In small and medium sized companies, there are usually no specific dress code policies, except
where employees have to wear uniforms, and the style is more business casual. This is unless
there is an important meeting or special occasion, where everyone is expected to dress more
formally.
Bribery
and
corruption
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
13.
|
13
The Slovak Republic has the same problems as the rest of the eastern and central European
countries when it comes to corruption. Both foreign and local business people use bribery as a
business tool to secure business contracts or to cut through red tape when trying to start a new
business.
The Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index (2012) shows that the Slovak
Republic is currently in 62nd place, with a CPI score of 46.
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
14.
|
14
Business
Meeting
Etiquette
The safest practice when organising and attending meetings in another country is to ‘act local’.
Then you can be confident that your meetings will be successful and your hosts will appreciate your
cultural sensitivity.
There are a number of things you need to consider:
•
What are the local attitudes to business meetings?
•
How should you go about organising a meeting?
•
How do you greet people at meetings?
•
How should you run a meeting?
•
What do you need to think about when conducting negotiations?
•
What should you do after a meeting?
Importance
of
business
meetings
In general, the first meeting with a Slovak company is characterized by a high level of formality
and politeness. Any decisions will depend on who is attending the meeting from the Slovakia side.
If the owner or general manager of the company is present at the first meeting, then you can
expect a quick response to whether a business arrangement is of interest; but if the company‘s
representative is a departmental head or a subordinate, then they will have to brief the owner
before a decision can be made. Once a verbal agreement has been reached, Slovak companies
prefer to have agreements written up under the direction of their lawyers. A lawyer’s involvement
depends on the stage of cooperation, but verbal commitments are not regarded as legally binding,
so it is important to have a general agreement drawn up in writing, even if it is not very detailed.
Business
meeting
planning
•
It is advisable to offer options for the dates and time of the meeting and give an indication of what will be
discussed, which will give the participants the opportunity to plan and prepare for the meeting.An agenda should
be distributed prior to the meeting.
•
Don‘t forget to produce copies of any documentation required for the meeting in the language of your business
partner.
•
The host is in charge of organising the meeting and creating the best conditions for the smooth running of the
meeting, including arranging the meeting room, equipment and any refreshments that may be required.
•
The host will select who is going to attend the meeting, according to the status and positions of representatives
from the foreign partner. It is advisable to get a written confirmation of the meeting time with the name and
position of whoever is going to attend. You should always call ahead, if you cannot attend the meeting for any
reason.
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
15.
|
15
•
Depending on the language skills of the people that will be involved in the meeting, a professional interpreter
should be made available for the meeting to help everyone understand each other.
•
During the first meeting it is normal to start by introducing both companies, the initiating party then makes a
presentation of the goals for the meeting, followed by discussion of the problem and summarising the results of
the meeting, which both parties should agree upon.
Negotiation
process
The Slovak negotiating style is similar to the Czech style. When dealing with an older business
partner, it is better to remain calm and take things slowly; spending time to explain clearly why
working together will be beneficial to both parties. Being in a hurry and rushing through your
negotiating presentation will only result in rejection, as they like to take their time before making a
decision and do not like to be rushed into making a decision. They need to feel comfortable when
negotiating, which means they prefer to talk to someone in their age group, as opposed to
aggressive ‘young guns’ who think that they know everything. Even though they are not emotional
in business, Slovaks still try to create a friendly atmosphere by cracking jokes and trying to be
humorous.
The younger generation are more westernized. Most of them studied their postgraduate
qualification in either Western Europe or America, so their negotiating skills tend to be more British
or American than Slovak.
Where the older generation might start a first meeting with a discussion about tourist sites in
Bratislava; a younger person will likely jump straight into the business discussion, with the aim of
being as efficient as possible.
Once both sides have reached an agreement, the Slovak side will want a written confirmation with
all the terms and conditions described in full. This is the way business is done and not due to any
lack of trust.
Meeting
protocol
The basic way of greeting people is by shaking the right hand and saying “dobre den” (good
morning/afternoon), “dobrý večer” (good evening) or welcoming phrases “vítáj vás”(welcome) or
“těší mne, že vás mohu přivítat v naší společnosti” (I am pleased to welcome you to our company).
Without regard to gender, the host will always offer their hand first.
When shaking hands, you should have a firm handshake because a weak handshake can be taken
to mean that you are weak or unsure of yourself. Conversely, a handshake that is too strong might
be an indication that you will be inflexible and not open to proposals that might be put forward in
the meeting. It is always good to maintain eye contact as a demonstration of openness and
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
16.
|
16
sincerity. You should avoid over friendly gestures like slapping on the back, hugging, kissing on the
cheek or hands in any business situation. The kissing of a woman’s hand is also no longer
acceptable in a business setting.
The use of business cards is a common practice across all sectors of the economy. Although they
are never exchanged during the greeting, they should be given at the beginning of the meeting, so
that everybody knows with whom they are talking, what position they hold and for which company.
Business cards are used as a means of introduction and to provide basic contact information. The
exchange of business cards also enables you to identify a potential business partner and helps you
to know how to address the person. The function of the business card is becoming more important
in the Slovak business community and more thought and effort is now being put into their design.
Even though the design of business cards should be simple and informative, some SMEs use it as a
form of advertising.
For most Slovak companies, the language used on their business cards is Slovak.
Companies with international partnerships may have business cards with more than one language
i.e. Slovak and English. It is important to explain the position of the person to the foreign business
partner, because of the potential for difficulties with the correct pronunciation of names and
accurate translation of job titles. If written in Slovak, a job title might sound similar to an
equivalent position in another language, but the words could mean something totally different.
How
to
run
a
business
meeting
If the Slovak side is hosting the meeting, then they have to prepare the agenda and run the
meeting. The senior representative from the Slovak company will present the agenda at the
beginning of the meeting and begin the discussion. During the meeting, some refreshments will
normally be offered, such as coffee, tea, water and biscuits. If the meeting runs longer than
expected, some food may be offered.
The host has to prepare the minutes of the meeting, including summarising the main points of the
meeting, conclusions drawn from the discussion and a schedule of further steps to be taken. The
meeting minutes are distributed within the week for review and approval and, if no modifications
are requested, a confirmation of the agreement will be issued.
Follow
up
letter
after
meeting
with
client
If it has been agreed to continue with the partnership, then the timetable plays a very important
role in defining the activities of both business partners. After the tasks are formulated, deadlines
are fixed and dates and places of future meetings are decided upon.
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
17.
|
17
In the case of one or both of the partners not seeing any future in their cooperation, each party
has the right to terminate negotiations and a full explanation for that decision will then be
expected.
Business
meals
Sharing a meal is generally one of the more enjoyable aspects of doing business in another
country. We have included it as a separate section because formal meals can represent an
opportunity to develop social relationship, which, as we all know, can be essential for strengthening
any long-term business partnership. But this aspect presents a whole series of questions. Who
pays for the meal? Should you offer to pay? When and what to eat? Could you refuse a specific
dish? Can you discuss business at the table during the meal or when is it most appropriate?
Attitudes to Business Meals
Most Slovak business people would never host a business dinner in their own home. Inviting a
business partner for dinner at home happens only after their relationship has become more
personal. Therefore, most Slovaks will invite their business partners to dine at a local restaurant.
There are no written rules on how to begin a conversation or when it is appropriate to talk about
business. Mostly, it depends on the host and the business discussion will begin after the meal has
been ordered, depending on how much time both parties have.
Restaurant Etiquette
The host will always choose the restaurant, make the reservation and pay for the meal, including
the tip. An invitation to lunch will usually offered during the first meeting, whereas a meeting to
finalize the details of a business agreement is usually held in the more formal surrounding of the
company’s office.
If the invitees will be meeting at the restaurant rather than travelling together, it is recommended
to arrive on time. There are no strict rules on where to sit; although if there are only two people,
then you will probably sit opposite each other.
The dress code for lunch and dinner would be formal business attire, such as a dark coloured suit
for men and something equally professional for women. If you are not sure what to wear, it is best
to ask the host for advice.
Food and Drink
In Slovak culture you are not obliged to accept everything you are offered, and truthfully, it is
probably better to refuse some things, than to be forced to eat or drink it. The typical national dish
is ‘bryndzové halušky’, which is a mixture of potato dumplings ‘halusky’ with ‘bryndza’, a soft
Content
Slovak
Republic
businessculture.org
18.
|
18
crumbly cheese traditionally made by shepherds out of sheep milk. A typical meal will consist of
three courses: a cold appetiser or soup, main dish and a dessert; and it really does not make any
difference if you finish your food or leave something on the plate.
The Slovaks have a beer drinking culture, so they will probably offer beer to their guest. However,
guests should feel free to order whatever they prefer to drink. In case of an official business lunch
or dinner, or if the occasion calls for it, the host may raise a toast for success with a locally
produced alcohol called ‘Slivovice’.
Other Issues (Including Restaurant vs Home)
Smoking during a business meeting is not uncommon and most places in the Slovak republic still
allow smoking, even in restaurants during the lunch service. It is common courtesy to ask whether
anyone minds, before you smoke and it is best to follow the lead of your host and their
preferences.
Business
meeting
tips
•
Do not underestimate a Slovak partner, give them enough space during the meeting, listen to their ideas and
recommendations and you may be surprised with different ideas and new way of looking at things.
•
Come prepared and be confident, but not arrogant, because Slovak managers are very sensitive to this.
•
Do not look down on your Slovak partners, if you want to gain their trust and overcome any perceived distance
between you.
•
You should present your opinions, but not force them on others as as this was an approach that many Slovak
managers experienced during the economic transformation, and will likely alienate them as potential partners.
•
Both partners should come to the meeting table as equals and treat each other with respect and openness; active
participation of both sides in the discussion will be taken as a sign of their interest.
•
If you have the feeling during the meeting that your partner is pessimistic or not active in the discussion due to a
lack of understanding or self-confidence, then you should simplify the presentation of your strategy, putting more
emphasis on the aims and expected results.
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
19.
|
19
Internship
and
placement
Work
experience
A placement involves the placement of a student in a temporary work or research environment to
enable them to gain extremely valuable experience that will benefit them in the long term.
There are many types of placement, including work placements, school placements and student
exchanges. Some companies have placement departments to help integrate new hires into the
company. They may also help with paperwork, especially if the candidate is from a different
country.
Placements are sourced by outside agencies, as well as university departments, and most
opportunities are advertised through the internet or university career centres. In fact, most
universities have career centres that will support and assist students with placement applications,
as well as assistance in finding work that compliments their studies or a permanent position
following their graduation.
Placements are not common in Slovak companies, even though some companies are trying to
implement the system as part of their strategy to bring in newly qualified employees.
Most placement opportunities are found with educational institutions looking for research assistants
or young foreigners who are targeted to fulfil European Union funding requirements. Some
companies are now trying to attract students through attendance at university open days, which
give employers access to potential future employees and allow students to explore options that are
open to them.
As part of policy targeting unemployed students and general unemployment, the government has
also instituted a subsidy scheme to assist companies who are able to take on and re-train new
workers.
Internship
and
placement
advice
The practical needs of a local student will be far less than a foreign student, and placement
negotiation would usually be limited to salary and duration. As a foreign student, issues including
accommodation, work permit (if needed), insurance, healthcare, taxes, banking and so on, will
need to be investigated prior to the submission of a placement application.
Social
security
and
European
health
insurance
card
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
20.
|
20
The healthcare system in the Slovak Republic has been undergoing reform since 2006 and there
are still issues with gaps in coverage provided by government funded healthcare services. The
public healthcare that is available is quite good, but there are a growing number of private
hospitals and clinics. In the event of an accident or for emergency medical assistance, the
international number for the emergency services is 112.
For local assistance in the Slovak language, dial 155 for the ambulance service. If the ailment is
something less serious like a migraine or headache, going to a ‘Lekaren’, which is the Slovak name
for a chemist or local pharmacy, is the best solution.
Although some services will be provided free of charge through the national healthcare system on
production of a valid European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), hospitalization and various other
services will be payable, either in cash or through private insurance.
Safety
•
Emergency telephone numbers are: 155 for the ambulance service and 158 for the police, with communication in
Slovak; and 112 for international access to all the emergency services.
•
The electric voltage in the country is 220 V; 50 Hz.
•
Tap water is safe to drink.
•
The speed limits are 50 km/h within inhabited areas; 90 km/h outside inhabited areas, 110km/h for motorway and
130 km/h on highways.
Do
l
need
a
visa?
Citizens of European Union are allowed to travel between EU member states and the Slovak
Republic without a visa. Residents of the United States are allowed to visit the Slovak Republic for
a maximum of 90 days without requiring a visa, unless they intend to work or study. Most visitors
from the rest of the world will need to apply for a visa, except where there is an agreement in
place between the two countries.
Temporary residence permits are available to those who wish to remain in the Slovak Republic
longer than 90 days and who are able to meet certain criteria required by the government.
Internship
and
placement
salary
A salary should be agreed before the start of the placement and that agreement is between the
student and the company. Some countries have a minimum hourly rate salary that is applicable to
most or all employment situations.
You should also consult with the company about your tax situation and whose responsibility it will
be to pay income tax, national insurance contributions and health insurance.
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
21.
|
21
Internship
and
placement
accommodation
Most local universities have dormitories or halls of residence available to both local and foreign
students. This accommodation is generally cheaper than renting a private flat. Some companies
might also provide accommodation for their employees, as a form of company benefit or
compensation for low wages.
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
22.
|
22
Cost
of
Living
The standard of living in the Slovak Republic is comparable to other eastern and central European
countries, which is typically lower than western European countries.
Money
and
banking
The Slovak Republic joined the single European currency on the 1st of January 2009, adopting the
Euro at a rate of 30.1260 Slovak Koruna to one Euro.
The Slovak Republic has many commercial, mortgage and investment banks. If you are going to
work in the Slovak Republic, you may need to open a local bank account, so that your salary can
be paid into it. All major credit cards are accepted but personal cheques are not acceptable.
Opening a bank account is easy; you will need to show a form of photo identification (normally a
student ID card and/or a valid Passport) along with proof of address.
Nine of the ten biggest banks in the Slovak Republic are owned by large foreign banks, which could
be of benefit for companies thinking of investing in Slovakia; as companies that already have a
business relationship with one of these parent banks may find it easier to open accounts at local
Slovak banks and arrange financing.
Travelling
costs
For placements in any of the big cities, transportation should not be a problem. Slovak public
transportation is efficient, clean and punctual and is the easiest and fastest mode of transportation
in the capital and country at large. There are various student discounts available on production of a
valid student card, including the International Student Identity Card (ISIC).
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
23.
|
23
Work-‐life
Balance
Slovaks are prepared to work long hours because of the high unemployment levels and minimal
state social benefits for the unemployed. So, people have been sacrificing their work-life balance in
favour of providing for their families and maintaining a good standard of living.
European labour laws state specifically that no one should work more than eight and a half hours
per day, unless there is a contractual agreement in place between the parties concerned.
However, Slovak employees have the same problems as their western counterparts with companies
not respecting employment legislation; things like working longer hours than allowed by the law,
short annual leave, no paternity leave, no flexible working hours, no help with day care for working
mothers and so on.
Companies that don’t want to lose their best employees are beginning to offer additional benefits
like flexible working hours for working mothers, parental leave for fathers, time-off to study and
many other benefits that would have been impossible five short years ago.
National
holidays
These are the dates of public holidays (bank holiday):
•
1st of January, Emergence of Slovakia and New Year
•
6th of January, Feast of the Epiphany
•
Good Friday and Easter Monday, (Easter falls on a different date in late March or early April each year)
•
1st May, International Workers’ Day
•
8th May, Day of freedom from fascism
•
5th July, Slavic Apostles Cyril and Metodius
•
29th August, Slovak National Uprising
•
1st September, Day of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic
•
15th September, Day of Our Lady of Sorrows
•
1st November, All Saints’ Day
•
17th November, Day of the Velvet Revolution, the date riot police suppressed a student protest leading to the fall
of the Communist Party.
•
24th December, Christmas Eve
•
25th December, Christmas Day
In the Slovak Republic, all employees are entitled to four weeks holiday in a year, normally divided
as one week in winter and three weeks in summer.
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
24.
|
24
Working
Hours
The Slovak Republic officially limits working hours to 40 hours per week and employees get annual
vacation of at least 20 working days. If an employee is asked to work overtime, this must not
exceed 52 hours a week and there must be an agreement in writing between both parties. In
specific situations, a collective agreement or individual agreement may provide that working time
for seasonal jobs may exceed 52 hours, but not more than 60 hours a week.
Work
culture
The work culture in the Slovak Republic is quite formal and structured. The people pride
themselves as been highly qualified and productive but you still have to keep a close eye on them
so that they don’t slack off.
Slovak Republic has a number of legal measures protecting workers. All companies have to adhere
to government regulations in the areas of health and safety, discrimination, minimum wage levels,
part-time employment, and equal opportunities.
Health
insurance
The Slovak social security system and all its departments are under the control of the state, which
provides services including health care, pensions, unemployment benefits, disability benefits, childrelated benefits and many more.
While all Slovak citizens are guaranteed healthcare by the state, hospitals are funded through
several independent and commercial health insurance companies. All companies registered in the
Slovak Commercial Register must pay a percentage of their employee’s gross salaries toward social
security and health insurance funds.
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
25.
|
25
Social
Media
Guide
The popularity of social media usage in the Slovak Republic is on the rise, like the rest of
Eastern Europe. Facebook usage has grown exponentially in the last couple of years and
the trend looks like continuing in the next few years. The number of registered Facebook
users, as of the 1st November 2012, is 2,060,860 and it had grown by 112,120 in the
prior six months. This means Facebook has a penetration of 37.78% of the country’s
population and 47.51% in relation to the total number of Internet users. The largest age
group is currently 25 to 34 year olds with a total of 600,760 users, followed by users in
the age range of 18 to 24 and then 35 to 44. The ratio of male to female Facebook users
is 48% to 52%, respectively.
LinkedIn is very popular as a networking site for professionals and entrepreneurs, as well
as university students who are using it to promote themselves to potential employers.
Many head hunting agencies also use LinkedIn as a reference point to check for potential
clients.
Twitter is not really popular in the Slovak Republic, but it does seem to be on an upwards
trend.
Almost 80% of the general population are internet users and around 75% of Slovak
households have internet access. The total number of internet users in the Slovak
Republic is 4,337,868, which is about 79.2% of the population as at June 30th, 2012.
SMEs
Most companies in the Slovak Republic now have some form of presence on the internet,
some just have a company website, while others have a Facebook page or have joined
Linkedin. Many of these social media networks are used for different things, by different
companies.
The service sector, especially hotels and restaurants, are heavy users of social media for
both promoting their services and reacting to public comments about their establishment.
Businesses ask their customers to like them on social media, so that their customers’
friends will see the comments. By controlling and reacting to comments on social media,
these companies are able to react to customers concerns in a timely fashion, which helps
them control their image or improve people’s opinion of them.
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
26.
|
26
Some companies use Linkedin to advertise vacancies and find potential employees. These
companies can also encourage their employees to join different groups on Linkedin that
might be beneficial to the company.
Technology and manufacturing companies have been attracted to YouTube because video
is an excellent means of showcasing products and demonstrating process improvements.
YouTube also has the highest daily traffic of all social media network and many major
companies use it to advertise current products and introduce new products for immediate
customer comment, which allows companies’ to shorten the feedback cycle and improve
customer relations.The biggest users of social media sites for advertising are internet
shops selling fashion, mobile technology, household goods and everyday products,
auction sites and dating sites. Most of them use local search engines like Zoznam.sk,
google.sk, atlas.sk and centrum.sk because they are more visible to local customers.
Search
and
Social
Media
Marketing
for
International
Business
Learn how to use social media for business from one of Salford Business School’s latest
business management courses. The course was jointly researched by the Passport to Trade 2.0
project team and prepared in collaboration with some of the leading digital marketing
agencies in the UK.
This Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) can help businesses and individuals to make the
best use of search and social media platforms. The course is called Search and Social Media
Marketing for International Business and is applicable to students looking for placements
abroad as well as businesses thinking about new trade links; it comprises the following
twelve topics:
How to develop a personal brand online (1/12)
•
•
Whether you are a student beginning a job search
or a business person planning a new business
venture, personal branding can make a difference.
Learn about personal branding and why it is
important for you.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=l9LYw0mgtn4&feature=player
_embedded
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
27.
|
27
How to use Twitter (2/12)
•
•
Learn the basics of using Twitter to develop an
individual or business profile.
Remember to use hash tag #SSMMUoS to share
your learning journey on this course so far!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=9CVY3pp91Dc&feature=playe
r_embedded
How to use Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) (3/12)
•
•
Learn the principles of SEO to ensure that your
website and any social media profiles are found by
individuals searching for your name, products and
services.
These basic principles of SEO include keyword
research, on-page optimisation and off-page
optimisation.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=zw27cRcwtM0&feature=player
_embedded
How to use social media for international business development (4/12)
•
•
Social media networks break down the traditional
country barriers, but do you know which networks
are relevant for the country you are interested in
trading with?
Find out in this video how to identify the relevant
networks and what social media strategies you might
be able to use on these networks.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Bx-B56AHS4c&feature=
player_embedded
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
28.
|
28
How to use Facebook (5/12)
•
•
Facebook is currently the largest social media
network in the world and it can benefit you as a
business as well as an individual.
Learn how to develop a Facebook business page and
see how other businesses use it and what strategies
work for them.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=UmRGn-vdcO8&feature=
player_embedded
How to use YouTube (6/12)
•
•
YouTube was identified as the second largest
social network amongst younger internet users as
part of the Passport to Trade 2.0 project.
Learn how to optimise your video content in order
to reach wider audiences for your profile.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
feature=player_embedded&v=G2
0OVpmTBss
How to use LinkedIn (7/12)
•
•
LinkedIn is one of the three main professional
social networks – the others being Xing and
Viadeo which are also popular in several
European countries.
Learn how to make the most of LinkedIn for your
profile.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=N6e_EAUQqic&feature=playe
r_embedded
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
29.
|
29
How to use Google+ (8/12)
•
•
•
Google+ is the second largest social network as of
January 2013.
It is one of the fastest growing social networks and
one that has the biggest impact when it comes to
search engine results integration for anyone who
uses Google as their main search engine.
Learn how to make the most of Google+ for you
and your digital profiles.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
feature=player_embedded&v=8ti
3SPHkEWw
How to use copywriting online (9/12)
•
•
Copywriting is a process of translating technical
specifications and product descriptions into
engaging and understandable customer focused
text.
Learn about the basic techniques in structuring
your online content here.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=5f1hx_f2ONI&feature=player_
embedded
How to stay legal on social media (10/12)
•
•
Everything and anything you do and say online
can be potentially viewed by anyone who has
internet access.
Always respect the law and familiarise yourself
with new options offered to you through a creative
commons licence which is popular online.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=eQxDpiHsdk&feature=player_embedde
d
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic
30.
|
30
How to use monitoring and reporting (11/12)
•
•
Whether you are an individual or a business
spending time on social media – there has to be a
return on your engagement online.
How do you justify your engagement on social
media to your boss? Listen to the industry experts
in this area and see what you might be able to
measure in respect of your on-line engagements.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=LbEq7jsG0jg&feature=player_
embedded
How to blog (12/12)
•
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=OqVjR7oI8Rs&feature=player
_embedded
businessculture.org
•
Blogging is a process of writing text and sharing
content with others. It can help your customers or
friends to keep in-touch regardless of social media
platforms.
Think about the voice you might want to adopt
and who your audience might be. Share your
thoughts with us by writing a blog post about this
MOOC.
Tweet us the link to your post on the
#SSMMUoS Twitter hash tag.
Content
Slovak
Republic
31.
|
31
Passport
to
Trade
2.0
Project
Partnership
Five Universities:
Lead partner: Salford Business School,
University of Salford, United Kingdom
Elena Vasilieva
Aleksej Heinze
Alex Fenton
URENIO research unit at Aristole University
of Thessaloniki, Greece
Christina Kakderi
Nitsa Papadopouloui
TSE Entre Research Centre
Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Finland
Satu Aaltonen
Elisa Akola
Institute for Information System Research
University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
Verena Hausmann
Susan P. Williams
Petra Schubert
Valahia University of Targoviste, Romania
Adriana Grigorescu
Leonardo Badea
Three Small & Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs)
Spin, Italy
Carmine Antonio Donato
Dorella De Tommaso
Technology Development & Innovation – TDI LTD
Bulgaria
Milanka Slavova
Ivan Stoychev
TIS Praha, Czech Republic
Anna Klosova
Richard Adekeye
businessculture.org
Content
Slovak
Republic