Electric vehicles are powered by batteries instead of gasoline. While initially more expensive, EVs have lower fuel and maintenance costs than gas vehicles. Major challenges to widespread EV adoption include high battery costs, lack of charging infrastructure, and customer concerns over range and performance. However, countries like China and companies like Tesla are demonstrating that EVs can become more affordable and practical as batteries improve and charging networks expand.
This is a brief description about the current situation of Electrification of vehicles and E-Mobility in India. The presentation covers everything right from the working of electric vehicles to the usage by various countries. For more info do visit my blog " https://theautofanaticblog.wordpress.com/2018/07/10/10-things-to-know-about-electric-vehicles/ "
This is a brief description about the current situation of Electrification of vehicles and E-Mobility in India. The presentation covers everything right from the working of electric vehicles to the usage by various countries. For more info do visit my blog " https://theautofanaticblog.wordpress.com/2018/07/10/10-things-to-know-about-electric-vehicles/ "
Electric Vehicles and their Market Potential in the city of Bangalore.Adnan Khan
The PPT gives a brief into the future of Electric Vehicles and their Market Potential in the city of Bangalore. Also looks into the latest trends in EV and the government incentives offered post implementation of GST.
Fundamentals of electric and hybrid vehiclesA Reddy
The growth and development of motor vehicles were faster than human population. The attention on electric hybrid vehicle was focused in the wake of search for alternative non petroleum fuels. In the electrical car the engine is replaced by an electric motor, fuel cells, etc.
electrical vehicle here described on the types of EV i.e. PHEV AND FCEV.An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that is powered by electricity. EVs are either partially or fully powered by electricity. They use an electric motor powered by electricity from batteries or a fuel cell.
Some types of electric vehicles include:
Electric passenger cars
Electric buses
Electric trucks
Electric buggy
Electric tricycles
Electric bicycles
Electric motorcycles/scooters .
EVs have low running costs and are environmentally friendly. They have less moving parts for maintaining and use little or no fossil fuels. All-electric vehicles produce zero direct emissions. FCEVs use a propulsion system similar to that of electric vehicles, where energy stored as hydrogen is converted to electricity by the fuel cell. Unlike conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, these vehicles produce no harmful tailpipe emissions.Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) use batteries to power an electric motor and another fuel, such as gasoline, to power an internal combustion engine (ICE).Plug-in-hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEVs) are the bridge between traditional gasoline vehicles and strictly battery-powered electrics. In many cases, the PHEV model serves as the performance trim. See, for example, the 302-hp Toyota RAV4 Prime or the 5.0-second-to-60-mph Lincoln Aviator Grand Touring.Like all-electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) use electricity to power an electric motor. In contrast to other electric vehicles, FCEVs produce electricity using a fuel cell powered by hydrogen, rather than drawing electricity from only a battery.Why is FCEV better?
Fuel cell vehicles are more efficient than combustion engines – a typical FCEV has about a 300 mile range. Similar to electric vehicles and hybrid technologies, their regenerative braking system is capable of capturing energy lost during braking and storing it in the battery.Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) rely solely on a battery to power the car. Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) have both batteries and an internal combustion engine (ICE) that work together or separately to power the car. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) produce power from a hydrogen fuel cell in the car. PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
They are similar to HEVs but have a bigger battery pack and electric motor.
Read more about these types of EVs in the following sections.
1. Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
Vehicles powered solely by one or more electric batteries are known as BEVs. They are more popularly called EVs. Chargeable batteries power them, and there is no IC engine (petrol or diesel-powered). All the power comes from the battery pack, which is chargeable from the electricity grid. The charged battery pack sends power to one or more electric motors to move the vehicle.
Components of BEV
Battery pack
Electric motor(s).PHEVs are an extended form of HEVs. They have an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. However
BEV ( Battery Operated Electric Vehicles) PPTPranav Mistry
Presentation done on subject of BEV ( Battery Operated Electrical Vehicles) at ARAI ( Automobile Research Association Of India ,Pune) on 4 Th December .2019
PRESENTS AND FUTURE TRENDS FOR ELECTRIC VHICLES IN INDIA.docxSohamRoy62
This is a presentation for a survey done on current and future trends for electric vehicles in India. This is a Ms word presentation data. The data shown in the Document are purely collected from Google forms and web results. This Project was purely done with the intentions of College Purpose. Your Interest on this Project Presentation Is Highly Appreciated.
Electric vehicle-new 2018 charging presentation mahesh chandra manav by c&sMahesh Chandra Manav
Presentation on EV Vehcile and Public EV Charging Station , Solar PV Power Project with High Energy Storage Battery Systems ,Electrical Contractor , EPC Companies ,EESL/BHEL/NTPC/CEA/Ministry Of Power ,State Dept Of Road Transport/Municipal Corporation ,Smart City,Power Distribution Companies,IOCL,HPCL,BPCL,Indraprast Gas Ltd Project by Mahesh Chandra Manav GM BD C&S M-9811247237 mahesh.manav@cselectric.co.in
The presentation deals with the electric cars and their types.
The working and designs of different types of electric cars has been designed.
The history and the advantages are also included.
Enjoy and thanks for watching..
Cheers!!!
The presentation stresses the need for transport electrification and discusses few cutting edge technologies that are being used for it. It also highlights the Indian scenario and need to electrify transport in India.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
Electric Vehicles and their Market Potential in the city of Bangalore.Adnan Khan
The PPT gives a brief into the future of Electric Vehicles and their Market Potential in the city of Bangalore. Also looks into the latest trends in EV and the government incentives offered post implementation of GST.
Fundamentals of electric and hybrid vehiclesA Reddy
The growth and development of motor vehicles were faster than human population. The attention on electric hybrid vehicle was focused in the wake of search for alternative non petroleum fuels. In the electrical car the engine is replaced by an electric motor, fuel cells, etc.
electrical vehicle here described on the types of EV i.e. PHEV AND FCEV.An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that is powered by electricity. EVs are either partially or fully powered by electricity. They use an electric motor powered by electricity from batteries or a fuel cell.
Some types of electric vehicles include:
Electric passenger cars
Electric buses
Electric trucks
Electric buggy
Electric tricycles
Electric bicycles
Electric motorcycles/scooters .
EVs have low running costs and are environmentally friendly. They have less moving parts for maintaining and use little or no fossil fuels. All-electric vehicles produce zero direct emissions. FCEVs use a propulsion system similar to that of electric vehicles, where energy stored as hydrogen is converted to electricity by the fuel cell. Unlike conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, these vehicles produce no harmful tailpipe emissions.Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) use batteries to power an electric motor and another fuel, such as gasoline, to power an internal combustion engine (ICE).Plug-in-hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEVs) are the bridge between traditional gasoline vehicles and strictly battery-powered electrics. In many cases, the PHEV model serves as the performance trim. See, for example, the 302-hp Toyota RAV4 Prime or the 5.0-second-to-60-mph Lincoln Aviator Grand Touring.Like all-electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) use electricity to power an electric motor. In contrast to other electric vehicles, FCEVs produce electricity using a fuel cell powered by hydrogen, rather than drawing electricity from only a battery.Why is FCEV better?
Fuel cell vehicles are more efficient than combustion engines – a typical FCEV has about a 300 mile range. Similar to electric vehicles and hybrid technologies, their regenerative braking system is capable of capturing energy lost during braking and storing it in the battery.Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) rely solely on a battery to power the car. Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) have both batteries and an internal combustion engine (ICE) that work together or separately to power the car. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) produce power from a hydrogen fuel cell in the car. PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
They are similar to HEVs but have a bigger battery pack and electric motor.
Read more about these types of EVs in the following sections.
1. Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
Vehicles powered solely by one or more electric batteries are known as BEVs. They are more popularly called EVs. Chargeable batteries power them, and there is no IC engine (petrol or diesel-powered). All the power comes from the battery pack, which is chargeable from the electricity grid. The charged battery pack sends power to one or more electric motors to move the vehicle.
Components of BEV
Battery pack
Electric motor(s).PHEVs are an extended form of HEVs. They have an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. However
BEV ( Battery Operated Electric Vehicles) PPTPranav Mistry
Presentation done on subject of BEV ( Battery Operated Electrical Vehicles) at ARAI ( Automobile Research Association Of India ,Pune) on 4 Th December .2019
PRESENTS AND FUTURE TRENDS FOR ELECTRIC VHICLES IN INDIA.docxSohamRoy62
This is a presentation for a survey done on current and future trends for electric vehicles in India. This is a Ms word presentation data. The data shown in the Document are purely collected from Google forms and web results. This Project was purely done with the intentions of College Purpose. Your Interest on this Project Presentation Is Highly Appreciated.
Electric vehicle-new 2018 charging presentation mahesh chandra manav by c&sMahesh Chandra Manav
Presentation on EV Vehcile and Public EV Charging Station , Solar PV Power Project with High Energy Storage Battery Systems ,Electrical Contractor , EPC Companies ,EESL/BHEL/NTPC/CEA/Ministry Of Power ,State Dept Of Road Transport/Municipal Corporation ,Smart City,Power Distribution Companies,IOCL,HPCL,BPCL,Indraprast Gas Ltd Project by Mahesh Chandra Manav GM BD C&S M-9811247237 mahesh.manav@cselectric.co.in
The presentation deals with the electric cars and their types.
The working and designs of different types of electric cars has been designed.
The history and the advantages are also included.
Enjoy and thanks for watching..
Cheers!!!
The presentation stresses the need for transport electrification and discusses few cutting edge technologies that are being used for it. It also highlights the Indian scenario and need to electrify transport in India.
Things to remember while upgrading the brakes of your carjennifermiller8137
Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
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Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
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Fleet management these days is next to impossible without connected vehicle solutions. Why? Well, fleet trackers and accompanying connected vehicle management solutions tend to offer quite a few hard-to-ignore benefits to fleet managers and businesses alike. Let’s check them out!
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
What Exactly Is The Common Rail Direct Injection System & How Does It WorkMotor Cars International
Learn about Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) - the revolutionary technology that has made diesel engines more efficient. Explore its workings, advantages like enhanced fuel efficiency and increased power output, along with drawbacks such as complexity and higher initial cost. Compare CRDi with traditional diesel engines and discover why it's the preferred choice for modern engines.
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
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What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
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2. CONTENTS
• History
• Working of EV
• Types of EVs
• Comparison
• Li-Ion Batteries
• Major Challenges for electrification of
vehicles
• Customer Feedback for EVs
• Usage of EVs by various countries
• Retro-fitment
• TESLA:AREVOLUTION IN EV
• Conclusion
3. History of Electric Vehicles
• It is hard to pinpoint the invention of electric car to one inventor or country, instead it
was a series of breakthroughs from battery to electric motors in 1800’s that led to the first
electric vehicle on the road.
• It was Henry Ford’s mass produced Model T that dealt blow to electric car. By that time the
gasoline car cost was $650 and electric car cost was $1,750.
• In India, the concept of electric vehicles was unveiled under ‘National Electric Mobility
Mission Plan(NEMMP) 2020’in 2013 to address the issues of energy security and vehicle
pollution.
• In 2001, the first ever electric car ‘Reva’was launched in India by Reva Electric Car
Company (now known as Mahindra Electric).
4. Working of Electric Vehicles
The electric
vehicle power
source is a battery
which supplies
theelectric motor
with energy
necessary to
movethevehicle.
The controller
actsasa regulator
and controls the
amountof power
received from the
batteriesso the
motordoes not
burnout.
Since the electric vehicles use an
electric motor the driver can take
advantage of motor’s momentum
when pressure is applied on the
brakes. Instead of converting all the
potential energy in the motor into
heat like a fossil fuel powered car
does, an electric car uses the
forward momentum of the
motor to recharge the battery.
This process is known as
regenerative braking.
5. TYPES OF EVs
Hybrid
Electric
Vehicles
• HEVs are powered by both
petrol and electricity.
HEVs start off using the
electric motor, then the
petrol engine cuts in as
load or speed rises. The
two motors are controlled
by an internal computer
which ensures the best
economy for driving
conditions. HEVs can
recharge the battery
through regenerative
braking . Example: Honda
Civic Hybrid,Audi Q7.
Plug
in
Hybrid
Electric
Vehicles
• These vehicles use
electricity as main source
of energy. The combustion
engine is set-on when the
charging of battery
reaches minimum level.
Recharging the battery can
be done by regenerative
braking as well as plugging
in the charger . Example:
Toyota Prius.
Battery
Electric
Vehicles
• They are only powered by
electricity and do not
have a petrol engine, fuel
tank or exhaust pipe.
They are also known as
plug in EVs. Example:
BMW i3.
6. Comparison
Parameters Electric Vehicles
Conventional Vehicles
Energy From electricity produced by batteries By combustion of Fuel.
Price
Higher due to usage of expensive batteries
and higher maintenance
Cheaper due to more availability and
feasibility of resources
Pollution
Does not produce harmful emissions and
contributes in clean air
Produces harmful carbon emissions
Running Cost Running cost per km is Rs 1.5
Diesel per Km running cost is 4 to 4.5
and petrol per km running cost is 6.5
where as for CNG it is 3 to 3.5
7. Comparison
Parameters Electric Vehicles Conventional Vehicles
No. of Components 30 3000
Maintenance Cost
1. Accident repairs results in
replacement of entire parts such as
body shell, motor and battery
assemblies.
2. The amount of man power
required, yet, is not skilled.
1. The spare parts of the
vehicle are easily available
in the market and results in
replacement of only the
damaged part.
2. The skilled man power is
available.
Infrastructure
The infrastructure in not developed at
a stage where the vehicles can be used
commercially by all.
Developed infrastructure,
where the consumer can avail
the required service at any
place.
8. Lithium Ion Batteries
• Lithium is abundantly available in the world. The battery can be recycled.
• Range
The electric vehicle covers a range of 8 kms per Kwh of Li-ion battery.
The Mahindra e2o uses 11-16 Kwh battery for range of 120 kms.
• Cost
In 2010, the Li-ion batteries cost around $700/Kwh which reduced to $145/Kwh in 2016. It is estimated to reach $120/Kwh by 2020.
In 2010, for the range of 40 mi(64 kms), the pack of batteries cost $12,000 , whereas, it was $3600. In 2015, It reached $1500 by 2020.
In India, due to high cost of Li-ion batteries, finance is one of major problems and also warrants a much higher purchase demand.
• Charging Time
The Mahindra e2o takes around 5 to 8 hrs to charge its 11-16 Kwh battery.
• Efficiency
The batteries can work upto 10+ years and over 7000+ charging cycles.
9. Challenges for Electrification of Vehicles
1. Integration of Electric vehicles within Product Portfolios of OEMs.
2. Collaborations with E-Mobility value chain.
3. Relevant Charging Infrastructure.
4. Marketing of E-Mobility Benefits and Reducing customerAnxiety.
5. Price Customer has to pay to live with an E-Vehicle.
10. Integration of Electric vehicles within Product
Portfolios of OEMs
• Electric Vehicles inclusion in the Product
Portfolio would affect the e-vehicles market
which would help the companies make a brand
value for their EV lineup
• OEMs are following a step by step approach
implementing electric drive in already existing
vehicles of their fleet.
• BMW introduced a new sub brand “BMWi”
which aims to meet the new challenges in a very
holistic and sustainable way.
11. Collaborations with E-Mobility value chain
• EVs represent a new value chain with which OEMs must collaborate and
innovate to establish a viable, global E-Mobility market.
• The Mentioned Players include utilities, charging location owners,
charging infrastructure developers, service providers, mobility users,
and financial services.
• Proper collaboration with these E-Mobility players by OEMs would
ultimately result in increased reliability on E-vehicles and a further
decreased cost and increase in the ease for charging.
• Customers may prefer to rent , share or lease e-vehicles rather than
purchasing them (For example : Ola, Uber etc.)
12. Relevant Charging Infrastructure
• Currently there are two types of charging stations, at
home or work. Both of these sources involve legal
challenges in terms of taxations, accounting that needs
to be addressed.
• Public charging infrastructure is still uncertain, as
large scale investment has not yet surfaced to support
public charging infrastructure as stand alone business.
• Charging stations will only start as business by
private firms when there is adequate usage of e-
vehicles in that particular area.
13. Marketing of E-Mobility Benefits and Reducing
customer Anxiety
• RangeAnxiety reflects a key concern about batteries in
electric cars losing power before reaching a destination or
charging point.
• Customers views about electric cars being sluggish to react
and having a low top speed must be changed by offerings of
OEMs, like TESLAdid.
• There is a lack of awareness among the customers about the
usage of Electric Vehicles to reduce the pollution.
• Customers have views that EVs can be used only for short
daily commute due to lack of performance and unavailability
of charging stations
14. Price Customer has to pay to live with an E-Vehicle
• The prices of EVs is a big concern in India.
• Also there are very few models available, one being Mahindra
e2o which is a very compact hatchback, Toyota Prius, Tata Tigor.
• For the price of Mahindra e2o (Electric Vehicle) customer can
get a Mahindra Thar (conventional 4 wheel drive SUV)
• Tata Tigor EV costs around 11 lakh rupees and conventional
car costs 7 lakhs.
• Charging stations are also not well established so that the cars
could be used for long drives.
• Hence the customers who are willing to pay extra money for
daily commute which can help make an eco friendly future only
can afford Electric vehicles at the moment in India.
15. FEEDBACK FOR MAHINDRA E20
• Product Specs:
Mahindra E20 is a BEV. It can go up to 100 km. within a full recharge time of 8
to 9 hours. It consists of 3 PhaseAC induction Motor and a lithium ion battery of
capacity 280A. It uses regenerative braking.
• Positive Feedbacks:
1. Great for driving in city.
2. Eco Friendly
3. Less maintenance issues
4. Lower risk of breakdown due to less moving parts.
• Negative Feedbacks:
1. Low Pick up
2. Price is too high
3.Battery life needs to be improves to curb range anxiety
4. After sales service could be an issue
16. USAGE OF EVs BY VARIOUS COUNTRIES
• As of Dec 2016, China has the worlds
largest stock of highways legal light
duty plug in electric vehicles with
cumulative sales of more than
6,45,000 plug in electric cars.
• US ranks second with more than
5,70,000 plug in electric vehicles.
• Japan is the worlds third Largest plug
in car country market with about
1,47,500
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
No. of EVs
No. of EVs
17. USAGE OF EVs BY INDIA
• Gujarat topped the list with sales of
just over 4330 units. WB appeared in
the second place with sales of 2,846
units, followed by UP which sold a
total of 2,467 electric vehicles during
the said period. Rajasthan reported
sales of around 2,388 EV units, while
Maharashtra came in fifth with sales of
1,926 units.
• In addition, 25,000 e-vehicles were
sold across India between 2016-17.
5,000
4,500
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
NUMBER
NUMBER
18. RETRO-FITMENT
• The Retro fitment of Hybrid Electric system kit on vehicles with a Gross Vehicle
Weight not exceeding 3500kg shall be permitted if it confirms to BS II or subsequent
emission norms, if it was not retrofitted earlier.
• One of the kinds of kits is the starter generator hybrid system, which assists the engine
at low rpms. This system consists of an electric motor that is attached to the existing
engine by means of a belt drive. It draws its power from a separate or existing stack of
batteries that can either be separately charged or charged from engines alternator
• When the vehicle is accelerating, it provides electric power assist to make it easier for
the motor to turn, thereby reducing emissions and increasing fuel efficiency. When the fuel
is decelerating, it turns into a generator and recharges the batteries.
• However right now-on one hand the government has allowed converting old petrol and
diesel vehicles to electric hybrids but kits and installers don’t exist yet and hence
customers would have to pay a huge sum of money to install such kits.
19. TESLA : A REVOLUTION IN EV
• Tesla was founded by Elon Musk in 2003.
• In March 2008 Tesla began production of Roadster
• In June 2008 it announced Model S
• Tesla launched Model 3 in 2017 which has a high range battery(50 or 75 KwH) which can run for 354 kms
or 500kms repectively.
• In 2017, Tesla filed a patent for a new battery swapping robot that can lift a vehicle and change its battery
pack for a new one in just 15 minutes.
• Tesla has proved the capability of an electric vehicle by developing high performance sports car and
affordable cars for daily commute
20. CONCLUSION
• There are various challenges including financial, technical, supply chain
challenges for development of EVs in India but these challenges can be
solved by a firm resolution by the OEMs and customers.
• Charging stations can be increased once the sales of EVs increase, This
could be achieved by customer awareness about EVs.
• As the use of the EVs increase, OEMs can also bring variety of products in
lower range of prices.
• Educational activities can be organized by OEMs so that the awareness
about EVs is increased, which would further lead to increase in sales.