This document discusses apparel technology and technology management. It begins by defining key terms like technology and explaining differences between science and technology. It then covers topics like classifications of technology, applications of technology, and how technology affects society and the economy. The document also discusses concepts in technology management like managing technological change and innovation. It provides examples of technology successes and failures in various industries. Overall, the document provides a broad overview of issues relating to apparel technology and technology management.

1. Course Name: Apparel Technology
Main questions related to Technology
 What is Technology?
 What are the differences between science and technology?
 Why need to study Technology?
 What are the Applications of Technology?
 How technology affect to the society and economy?
 Technology Classification
 What does the term Management of Technology mean?
 What does Apparel Technology covers?

2. COURSE OBJECTIVE
 Understanding the concept of Technology and
Technology Management
 To understand parameters influencing in
identification, selection and managing different
levels of apparel technology
 Role of training in Technology Management
 Developing skills to carry out Techno Economic
Feasibility for apparel technologies
 To understand the need to maintain a market
position and business performance in accordance
with the organization’s objectives

3. Technology success and failure
 How AirAsia, Jetstar can offer a fly with lower
price in Airline industry?
 How ANZ Royal Bank penetrate to Cambodia
market?
 Why Kodak failure in film competition?
 How 5 stars hotel sale their service world wide?

4.  How Cambodia government provide a visa to
tourist via electronic system?
 How ATM help bank operation?
 How Internet help tour operation and travel
agency to maximize their profit?
 How IBM and Intel sell products online?
Technology success and
failure

5. Introduction
 Technological change is one of the most
important sources of change in the economy
 The capacity for Science and Technology in
some countries has not been adequately
translated into innovative and dynamic
business organization
 The economy remains largely dependent on
natural resources, traditional processing and
manufacturing and, for the most part, on
imported technologies

6. Introduction
 A sound scientific and technological base is
essential to economic growth in a competitive
international environment
 With the increasing impact of globalization on
business, the scope for competition is no longer
limited by national boundaries or by the
definition of a particular industrial sector

7.  Management of technology, innovation and
information have also emerged as key
requirements for success in the 21st century
enterprises
 Proper management of technological change,
particularly at the productive enterprise level, has
become the most important consideration for
development
Introduction

8. Introduction
Technology
 Technology refers to the theoretical and practical
knowledge, skills, and artifacts that can be used to
develop products and services as well as their
production and delivery systems
 A process, technique, or methodology embodied in a
product design or in a manufacturing or service
process which transforms inputs of labor, capital,
information, material, and energy into outputs of

9. Definition of Technology
 All the knowledge, products, processes, tools, methods, and
systems employed in the creation of goods or in providing
services
 The application of science and engineering to the
development of machines and procedures in order to
enhance or improve human conditions, or at least to
improve human efficiency in some respect
 Technology is the technical means people use to improve
their surroundings

10. Differences between science and technology
 Science is the study of why natural things happen
the way they do.
 Technology is the use of knowledge to turn
resources into goods and services that society
needs.
 Science and technology affect all people

11. Why we study technology?
 People create technological devices and systems
to satisfy basic needs and wants.
 Technology is responsible for a great deal of the
progress of the human race
 Technology is the tools to gain competitive
advantage

12. Application of Technology
 Technology – linked to improvements in living
standards
 Enhancement of economic prosperity for countries,
industries and businesses depends upon the effective
technology management
 Technology creates wealth
 Application of technology, not just its development, is
a key to success in the competitive global economy

13.  Technology Management is set of management
discipline that allows organizations to manage their
technological fundamentals to create competitive
advantage
Introduction to Technology management

14. Technology management[TM]
 TM is an interdisciplinary field that integrates
science, engineering, and management knowledge
and practice
 TM refers to the design and use of the means
needed within organizations to achieve economic
and social objectives through technological
innovation

15. Technology Management (TM)
 An interdisciplinary field
NATURAL
SCIENCE
SOCIAL
SCIENCE
ENGINEERING
BUSINESS
THEORY
INDUSTRIAL
PRACTICE
TM

16.  The role of the technology management in an
organization is to understand the value of certain
technology for the organization.
 Continuous development of technology is valuable as
long as there is a value for the customer and
therefore the technology management function in an
organization should be able to argue when to invest
on technology development and when to withdraw.
Introduction to Technology Management

17. Concepts used in technology management
 Technology strategy (a logic or role of technology
in organization),
 Technology forecasting (identification of possible
relevant technologies for the organization),
 Technology roadmap (mapping technologies to
business and market needs),
 Technology project portfolio ( a set of projects
under development) and technology portfolio (a set
of technologies in use).

18. Technology Management
 Establish and Prioritize Technology
 Protect Technology
 Manage Technology Risk
 Manage Technology Integrity
 Manage Technology Availability

19. The roles of TM
TM helps nation and firms to answer the
following questions:
• How technologies is created?
• How it can be exploited to create business
opportunity?
• How to integrated technology with business
strategy?
• How to use technology gain competitive
advantage?
• How can technology improve the flexibility of
manufacturing and service systems?
• When to enter and abandon technology?

20. Technology Management : an
entrepreneurial perspective
 Technology itself does not produce
commercial results
 It is its application that brings commercial
benefits
 Such application comes about due to the
activities of “entrepreneurs”
 Any economy needs “ paper entrepreneurs”
and “Product Entrepreneurs”

21.  Paper entrepreneurs-Trained in law, finance ,
accountancy etc.. manipulate systems in novel ways:
◦ Establishing joint ventures, holding companies,
finding tax shelters, investing in commodities; going
public, etc
 Product entrepreneurs- engineers and scientists
involved in production, researchers and designers,
production managers, and businessman in produce
goods and services people want
Technology Management : an
entrepreneurial perspective

22. Dynamics behind TM:
 Change in production systems
 Change in managerial and engineering cultures
 Change in competition
 Increasing returns
 Technology as a source of competitive advantage

23. Context affects technology management:
 Sector (e.g. scale-intensive, science-intensive)
 Size (e.g. small firms, large firms)
 National systems of innovation (e.g. different
countries have more or less supportive contexts)
 Life cycle (of technology, industry, etc.) (e.g. new
versus mature established firms)

24. Technology and Business
• The goal of an organization is to achieve a set of
objectives
• Pool of knowledge available to society
• Technology adds value to the assets of a company
• Conversion of resources into goods and services

25. Classification of Technology
 New technology
 Emerging technology
 Appropriate technology
 High technology
 Medium technology
 Low technology

26. Summary on Technology &Technology
management
 Technology is clearly one of the dominant features
of modern world.
 Whether one supports or condemns, there is total
consensus that managing technology effectively is
critically important to the success and survival of
individual companies and to national economic
well-being and growth
 It is ironic that until recently the subject of
management technology did not, in general,
receive the kind of popular attention that is should
have in business, government and management
development programs
 The issue is how can we interpret “management of
technology” in practical way

27. Evolution of Apparel Manufacturing
Technology
 Technology for machinery and Equipment has evolved
over years and newer features are continuously added
to enhance scope of function, user ease and improved
productivity.

28.  Over the years although additional features expanded
the scope of function but the machines are
categorized on its primary function
Evolution of Apparel Manufacturing
Technology

29. Evolution of Apparel Manufacturing
Technology
 Any technology is qualitatively graded from A to E
depending on level of technology (standards world
industry during 1999).
Code Level of Technology
A Backward/Primitive
B Between A, C
C Modern
D Between C, E
E Global Standard

30.  Classification of technologies based on activities in
apparel industry
 Fabric Inspection
 Spreading
 Cutting
 Fusing
 Sewing
 Ironing/Pressing/Finishing
 Embroidery
 Laundry (dry and wet finishing)
 Dry Cleaning
 Any other

31. CAD in Apparel Industry
 Computer Aided Design (CAD) becomes an essential
tool for pattern making and related jobs in garment
industry.
 In apparel industry CAD Software is used for pattern
making, Grading of pattern, marker making and
digitizing manual patterns.

32. CAD in Apparel Industry

33. CAD in Apparel Industry
 There are number of CAD software suppliers
who have developed CAD systems. But only few
names are popular in fashion industry. Widely
used CAD systems in the apparel industry are
listed below.

34. CAD in Apparel Industry

35. What To Know Before You Buy
 What do you want to accomplish?
 Do you need industry-specific custom software?
 Do you need industry-specific custom software?
 How do you choose a vendor?
 What should you know before you buy?
 What are the hidden costs?

36. Questions asked before buying CAD
 On what platform does this software run?
 What is the operating system
 Is it a mainstream operating system?
 Are there multiple software developers on this system?
 What are the hardware requirements and costs?
 What are the software application(s) being offered?
 What file format does the software write? (Can the other
applications used be read or write in this format?)
 What are the unique features of the software?

37. Apparel Manufacturing Technology
 The last decade has seen a shift in apparel
technology developments, with innovation giving way
to more practical solutions driven by flexibility and
user-friendliness.

38.  The declining apparel manufacturing industry and
huge job losses in the older economies have
restricted the availability of research and development
funds for apparel machinery technology development,
while the newer economies are not geared up for the
necessary research.
Apparel Manufacturing Technology

39.  Traditionally, it is the developed countries that invent
new technology, commercializes it for their own
industries, and then shift it to developing countries as
'collaborative projects' and 'technology transfers.
 Germany, Italy and the USA were the leaders in
apparel machinery technology development until
Japan and Taiwan joined the bandwagon in the late
70s.
Apparel Manufacturing Technology

40.  A look at the worldwide market for apparel
technology shows that the 'big five' controlled a 75-
80 per cent share during last decade. (Japan,
Germany, Taiwan, USA and Italy)
Apparel Manufacturing Technology

41.  The technology for apparel manufacturing can be
divided into three categories:
 pre-sewing,
 sewing/joining and
 post sewing.
Apparel Manufacturing Technology

42. Evolution in pre-sewing technology
 Fabric inspection has traditionally been a manual
process, since the ability to define defects in fabrics
is very subjective and one of the most difficult
processes to automate.
 Equipment primarily consisted of a slant table with a
translucent/opaque surface with edge sensor and
length counter, but scanning for defects was still
carried out by the human eye.

43.  Current automated fabric inspection systems are
based on adaptive, neural networks that have the
ability to learn.
 The latest are equipped with specialized computer
processors, CCD (charged couple device) camera,
scan the fabric using advanced fractal scanning
techniques.
 The machines are designed to find, catalogue and
analyses defects for a wide variety of fabrics.
Evolution in pre-sewing technology

44.  Fabric spreading technology almost unchanged
since it was first introduced in the 60s, except for
computerized tension control, CCD camera-based
plaid matching etc.
 It can be best summarized as: "What the operator
used to push during the 60s, he/she merely rides
today."
Evolution in pre-sewing technology

45.  The expensive CNC cutting technology used today is
also similar to the one invented during the late 60s,
except that the mechanical controls have been
replaced by microchips.
Evolution in pre-sewing technology

46. Computer Aided Design
 The technology that has given a real facelift to the
pre-sewing category is CAD (computer aided design).
 It all started with 2D CAD where patterns were drafted
on computer using PDS software, graded and then
laid out (marker making) for optimum fabric utilization.

47. Evolution in sewing technology
 Sewing, once considered the only means of
joining components, is losing market share to
technologies like heat sealing and ultrasonic
welding.

48.  In the past, increasing sewing machine speed was
considered to be directly related to higher
production and was a challenge for machinery
manufacturers.
 From a moderate speed of 2000 spm (stitches per
minute), developments have included 10,000 spm
overlock sewing machines.
Evolution in sewing technology

49.  But however fast the stitch formation is, productivity
will still be restricted by the two human hands aligning
and adjusting the fabric parts being sewn together.
Evolution in sewing technology

50. Microchips in machinery
 The application of microchips in machinery
technology is extensive and helps to control and
diagnose sewing machine functions better than
would be manually possible.

51.  Electronics are applied everywhere as the following
list shows:
 Programming stitch profiles (cross tack, crescent
tack etc) in pattern tacking machines
 Control the speed of the machine
 Program the number of stitches in different
sewing bursts
 Control the feed dog movements.
 Diagnose the machine malfunction area
Microchips in machinery

52.  Voice activated start-stop of machine
 Step motor for driving puller
 Computerized thread tension monitoring (active
tension control from Juki and Yamato)
 Thread break/exhaust indicator for needle, bobbin
and looper
 Online seam quality inspection
Microchips in machinery

53.  Speed responsive presser foot pressure
 Elastic/tape metering device
 Fabric ply sensor
 Computer controlled needle throw in zigzag
machines.
Microchips in machinery

54. Post sewing technology
 Technology developments have remained stable
over the years except electronic digital controls have
replaced analogue mechanical controls, resulting in
better accuracy of parameters like temperature and
pressure

55. ROI for Advanced Level of Technology
 Every owner of a garment factory will need to
purchase better and better machinery to stay
competitive in today’s hi-tech era.
Code Level of Technology
A Backward/Primitive
B Between A, C
C Modern
D Between C, E
E Global Standard

56.  Before invests in any capital equipment, detailed
assessment is needed as to when the capital
outlay would be fully amortized.
 Return on Investment analysis is one of the
several approaches which can used to arrive at
an informed decision.
 The term means that decision makers evaluate
the investment by comparing the magnitude and
timing of expected returns with the cost of
investment.
ROI for Advanced Level of
Technology

57.  Return On Investment (ROI) is frequently
defined as the ‘return’ (incremental gain) from
an action divided by the cost of that action.
 It needs to be noted that the cost of every
machine depreciates with time, till it reaches
‘salvage’ or a defined strike-off value.
ROI for Advanced Level of
Technology

58.  The same rationale can also be used for
implementing programmers like marketing, recruiting
and training, among others
ROI for Advanced Level of
Technology

59. What is ROI Analysis?
 One of several approaches to building a financial
business case
 A performance measure used to evaluate the
efficiency of an investment or
 A performance measure to compare the efficiency of
different investments.

60.  Few parameters are being considered, which
should be kept in mind while calculating ROI for
any investment.
 ROI Cannot Be Assessed In Isolation
 Other Tangible Benefits
 Intangible Benefits
 ROI With Increased Capacity Utilization
ROI for Advanced Level of
Technology

61.  The benefit (return) of an investment is divided by
the cost of the investments; the result is expressed
as a percentage or a ratio.
ROI= Gains from investment – Cost of
investment
Cost of Investment
ROI for Advanced Level of
Technology

62.  In complex business settings, it is not always easy to
match specific returns with specific costs
Total Benefit – Total Costs =ROI
Total Costs
ROI for Advanced Level of
Technology

63. Depreciation value
 Depreciation rate
Cost – Salvage value
Estimated hour