SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Singapore’s electricity market to be
made more responsive to demand
By: Information Daily Staff Writer
Published: Wednesday, October 24, 2012 - 12:19 GMT


The government is launching, through the Energy Market Authority, a consultation process
incorporating demand response, where consumers can curtail their demand in response to high
prices.

Announcing this at the Singapore Energy Summit on Monday, S. Iswaran, Minister in the Prime Minister's
Office, said that such a market for forward electricity products will complement Singapore's wholesale
market.

Mr Iswaran claimed that industries will be consulted on how they can put in place control systems to shed
energy loads when prices spike. Consumers will be able to hedge their risks by locking in longer-term
prices, while power generation companies stand to gain by using the futures contracts to hedge against
their fuel price and operational risks during plant outages. Currently, Singapore's electricity supply comes
from five power generating companies.

The Government is inviting active stakeholders’ contribution. Singapore is looking to study implementation
options and empower consumers by helping them make more informed decisions on energy use. The
public consultation will also cover the possibility of an electricity futures market in Singapore, to bring about
greater competition in the energy market, which will in turn benefit the end-user.


Related

   UK Energy: Government Failing To Recognise The Urgency To Reform The Electricity Market, Cross
   Party MPs Say (16 May, 2011)
   Singapore becomes conduit to lucrative iPhone 5 black market (2 Oct, 2012)
   Singapore trying to shed its reputation as a tax haven (16 Oct, 2012)
   Public Sector ICT: Singapore government chooses local Singtel to deliver cloud infrastructure and
   services (24 May, 2012)

Mr Iswaran, who is also Second Minister for Trade and Industry noted that futures markets are already
well-established for other commodities such as oil and gas. He said that Singapore's Liquefied Natural Gas
(LNG) terminal is on track to start operations in the second quarter of next year. With the development of
the terminal, Singapore will be well-placed to diversify its gas supply and tap on the global LNG market. Mr
Iswaran said the demand for LNG is already stronger than initially expected.

To acknowledge achievements of players in the local energy sector, the Government has launched the
Singapore Energy Award. The award will recognise organisations and individuals who have made
contributions to develop Singapore's energy sector by enhancing the sector's capabilities and
infrastructure, and advancing energy innovation.

Besides the various initiatives to boost Singapore's energy sector, there are also several research projects
in areas of renewable energy and electric cars.

More Related Content

What's hot

Your Power Future of Renewables Low Carbon South West Bristol & Bath Science ...
Your Power Future of Renewables Low Carbon South West Bristol & Bath Science ...Your Power Future of Renewables Low Carbon South West Bristol & Bath Science ...
Your Power Future of Renewables Low Carbon South West Bristol & Bath Science ...
The Future Economy Network
 
Energia Solar
Energia SolarEnergia Solar
Energia Solar
elmiro
 
Smart energy innovation may17 (3)
Smart energy innovation   may17 (3)Smart energy innovation   may17 (3)
Smart energy innovation may17 (3)
Let's Learn Digital
 
Auroville Smart Mini Grid
Auroville Smart Mini GridAuroville Smart Mini Grid
Auroville Smart Mini Grid
AurovilleConsulting
 
CCXG Global Forum October 2018, Energy in transition by L. Varro
CCXG Global Forum October 2018, Energy in transition by L. Varro CCXG Global Forum October 2018, Energy in transition by L. Varro
CCXG Global Forum October 2018, Energy in transition by L. Varro
OECD Environment
 
Bixpo2021 report katushabe sergius
Bixpo2021 report katushabe sergiusBixpo2021 report katushabe sergius
Bixpo2021 report katushabe sergius
Sergius KATUSHABE
 
European Utility Week - US Business Utility Models
European Utility Week - US Business Utility ModelsEuropean Utility Week - US Business Utility Models
European Utility Week - US Business Utility Models
Paul De Martini
 
2022 FEBRUARY LAST MONTH IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
2022 FEBRUARY LAST MONTH IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING2022 FEBRUARY LAST MONTH IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
2022 FEBRUARY LAST MONTH IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Utsav Yagnik
 
China’S Solar Pv Policy And The Road Ahead
China’S Solar Pv Policy And The Road AheadChina’S Solar Pv Policy And The Road Ahead
China’S Solar Pv Policy And The Road Ahead
Julian Wong
 
Miro Zeman - Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy
Miro Zeman - Department of Electrical Sustainable EnergyMiro Zeman - Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy
Miro Zeman - Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy
Dutch Power
 
Smart Energy systems - The multi-sectorial approach towards 100% renewable en...
Smart Energy systems - The multi-sectorial approach towards 100% renewable en...Smart Energy systems - The multi-sectorial approach towards 100% renewable en...
Smart Energy systems - The multi-sectorial approach towards 100% renewable en...
The Sustainable Energy Planning research group at Aalborg University
 
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: a Virtuous Circle.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: a Virtuous Circle.Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: a Virtuous Circle.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: a Virtuous Circle.
pedrolmarin
 
Fact sheet on the global lighting and energy access partnership (global leap)
Fact sheet on the global lighting and energy access partnership (global leap)Fact sheet on the global lighting and energy access partnership (global leap)
Fact sheet on the global lighting and energy access partnership (global leap)
Christina Parmionova
 
Rethinking the Energy System: The Potential of Distributed Energy- The Case o...
Rethinking the Energy System: The Potential of Distributed Energy- The Case o...Rethinking the Energy System: The Potential of Distributed Energy- The Case o...
Rethinking the Energy System: The Potential of Distributed Energy- The Case o...
Worldwatch Institute
 
Energy Transition In A Nutshell
Energy Transition In A NutshellEnergy Transition In A Nutshell
Energy Transition In A Nutshell
Gandabhaskara Saputra
 
How To Jump Start Clean Tech Links
How To Jump Start Clean Tech LinksHow To Jump Start Clean Tech Links
How To Jump Start Clean Tech Links
Bijoy Viswanadhan
 
Solar Disruption
Solar DisruptionSolar Disruption
Solar Disruption
Crowdsourcing Week
 
Energizing Successful Economies
Energizing Successful EconomiesEnergizing Successful Economies
Energizing Successful Economies
GermanwatchOfficial
 
Electric cars and battery technology
Electric cars and battery technologyElectric cars and battery technology
Electric cars and battery technology
Defensive Driving Course FT Worth
 
Workshop of Innovation Funseam Transnet- Damien Valet
Workshop of Innovation Funseam Transnet- Damien Valet Workshop of Innovation Funseam Transnet- Damien Valet
Workshop of Innovation Funseam Transnet- Damien Valet
Funseam - Fundación para la Sostenibilidad Energética y Ambiental
 

What's hot (20)

Your Power Future of Renewables Low Carbon South West Bristol & Bath Science ...
Your Power Future of Renewables Low Carbon South West Bristol & Bath Science ...Your Power Future of Renewables Low Carbon South West Bristol & Bath Science ...
Your Power Future of Renewables Low Carbon South West Bristol & Bath Science ...
 
Energia Solar
Energia SolarEnergia Solar
Energia Solar
 
Smart energy innovation may17 (3)
Smart energy innovation   may17 (3)Smart energy innovation   may17 (3)
Smart energy innovation may17 (3)
 
Auroville Smart Mini Grid
Auroville Smart Mini GridAuroville Smart Mini Grid
Auroville Smart Mini Grid
 
CCXG Global Forum October 2018, Energy in transition by L. Varro
CCXG Global Forum October 2018, Energy in transition by L. Varro CCXG Global Forum October 2018, Energy in transition by L. Varro
CCXG Global Forum October 2018, Energy in transition by L. Varro
 
Bixpo2021 report katushabe sergius
Bixpo2021 report katushabe sergiusBixpo2021 report katushabe sergius
Bixpo2021 report katushabe sergius
 
European Utility Week - US Business Utility Models
European Utility Week - US Business Utility ModelsEuropean Utility Week - US Business Utility Models
European Utility Week - US Business Utility Models
 
2022 FEBRUARY LAST MONTH IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
2022 FEBRUARY LAST MONTH IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING2022 FEBRUARY LAST MONTH IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
2022 FEBRUARY LAST MONTH IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
 
China’S Solar Pv Policy And The Road Ahead
China’S Solar Pv Policy And The Road AheadChina’S Solar Pv Policy And The Road Ahead
China’S Solar Pv Policy And The Road Ahead
 
Miro Zeman - Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy
Miro Zeman - Department of Electrical Sustainable EnergyMiro Zeman - Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy
Miro Zeman - Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy
 
Smart Energy systems - The multi-sectorial approach towards 100% renewable en...
Smart Energy systems - The multi-sectorial approach towards 100% renewable en...Smart Energy systems - The multi-sectorial approach towards 100% renewable en...
Smart Energy systems - The multi-sectorial approach towards 100% renewable en...
 
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: a Virtuous Circle.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: a Virtuous Circle.Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: a Virtuous Circle.
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: a Virtuous Circle.
 
Fact sheet on the global lighting and energy access partnership (global leap)
Fact sheet on the global lighting and energy access partnership (global leap)Fact sheet on the global lighting and energy access partnership (global leap)
Fact sheet on the global lighting and energy access partnership (global leap)
 
Rethinking the Energy System: The Potential of Distributed Energy- The Case o...
Rethinking the Energy System: The Potential of Distributed Energy- The Case o...Rethinking the Energy System: The Potential of Distributed Energy- The Case o...
Rethinking the Energy System: The Potential of Distributed Energy- The Case o...
 
Energy Transition In A Nutshell
Energy Transition In A NutshellEnergy Transition In A Nutshell
Energy Transition In A Nutshell
 
How To Jump Start Clean Tech Links
How To Jump Start Clean Tech LinksHow To Jump Start Clean Tech Links
How To Jump Start Clean Tech Links
 
Solar Disruption
Solar DisruptionSolar Disruption
Solar Disruption
 
Energizing Successful Economies
Energizing Successful EconomiesEnergizing Successful Economies
Energizing Successful Economies
 
Electric cars and battery technology
Electric cars and battery technologyElectric cars and battery technology
Electric cars and battery technology
 
Workshop of Innovation Funseam Transnet- Damien Valet
Workshop of Innovation Funseam Transnet- Damien Valet Workshop of Innovation Funseam Transnet- Damien Valet
Workshop of Innovation Funseam Transnet- Damien Valet
 

Similar to Singapore

Energy Malaysia Volume 5 (1)
Energy Malaysia Volume 5 (1)Energy Malaysia Volume 5 (1)
Energy Malaysia Volume 5 (1)
Nieza Noordin
 
Energy Malaysia Volume 1
Energy Malaysia Volume 1Energy Malaysia Volume 1
Energy Malaysia Volume 1
Nieza Noordin
 
Powering Sydney's Future Forum June 2014 - Demand Response - Mal Coble
Powering Sydney's Future Forum June 2014 - Demand Response - Mal CoblePowering Sydney's Future Forum June 2014 - Demand Response - Mal Coble
Powering Sydney's Future Forum June 2014 - Demand Response - Mal Coble
TransGrid AU
 
TransGrid large energy users roundtable
TransGrid large energy users roundtableTransGrid large energy users roundtable
TransGrid large energy users roundtable
TransGrid AU
 
Indonesian electricity-guide 2011
Indonesian electricity-guide 2011Indonesian electricity-guide 2011
Indonesian electricity-guide 2011
Denny Saputra
 
Energy Malaysia Volume 2.pdf
Energy Malaysia Volume 2.pdfEnergy Malaysia Volume 2.pdf
Energy Malaysia Volume 2.pdf
MuhammadRedzwanBinIs
 
“Street Lights Replacement System- A Key Necessity for Make in India Campaign”
“Street Lights Replacement System- A Key Necessity for Make in India Campaign”“Street Lights Replacement System- A Key Necessity for Make in India Campaign”
“Street Lights Replacement System- A Key Necessity for Make in India Campaign”
inventionjournals
 
Energy Malaysia Volume 6 (1)
Energy Malaysia Volume 6 (1)Energy Malaysia Volume 6 (1)
Energy Malaysia Volume 6 (1)
Nieza Noordin
 
World Energy Inside - Gennaio 2018
World Energy Inside - Gennaio 2018World Energy Inside - Gennaio 2018
World Energy Inside - Gennaio 2018
WEC Italia
 
Singapore Energy Scenerio
Singapore Energy ScenerioSingapore Energy Scenerio
Singapore Energy Scenerio
Jasbir Arora
 
Day-3, Mr. Reji Kumar SG Roadmap presentation
Day-3, Mr. Reji Kumar SG Roadmap presentationDay-3, Mr. Reji Kumar SG Roadmap presentation
Day-3, Mr. Reji Kumar SG Roadmap presentation
IPPAI
 
Policy News And Views January 2009
Policy News And Views January 2009Policy News And Views January 2009
Policy News And Views January 2009
Indicus Analytics Private Limited
 
Energy Malaysia Volume 11.pdf
Energy Malaysia Volume  11.pdfEnergy Malaysia Volume  11.pdf
Energy Malaysia Volume 11.pdf
MuhammadRedzwanBinIs
 
8. SIAMWhitePaperonElectricVehicles.pdf
8. SIAMWhitePaperonElectricVehicles.pdf8. SIAMWhitePaperonElectricVehicles.pdf
8. SIAMWhitePaperonElectricVehicles.pdf
GauravGupta842395
 
Power generation in mp
Power generation in mpPower generation in mp
Power generation in mp
Dr.Pradeep Shrivastava
 
14 undp turkey ee presentation katalin_zaim 09 dec 2013
14 undp turkey ee presentation katalin_zaim 09 dec 201314 undp turkey ee presentation katalin_zaim 09 dec 2013
14 undp turkey ee presentation katalin_zaim 09 dec 2013
UNDPhr
 
Solar Power 2020: India On A National Solar Mission
Solar Power 2020: India On A National Solar MissionSolar Power 2020: India On A National Solar Mission
Solar Power 2020: India On A National Solar Mission
HIMADRI BANERJI
 
World Energy Focus - Agosto 2015
World Energy Focus - Agosto 2015World Energy Focus - Agosto 2015
World Energy Focus - Agosto 2015
WEC Italia
 
Renwable Energy Prelimenary Info
Renwable Energy Prelimenary InfoRenwable Energy Prelimenary Info
Renwable Energy Prelimenary Info
Paul Koti
 
South korea smart_grid_revolution_july_2011_zpryme_research
South korea smart_grid_revolution_july_2011_zpryme_researchSouth korea smart_grid_revolution_july_2011_zpryme_research
South korea smart_grid_revolution_july_2011_zpryme_research
canaleenergia
 

Similar to Singapore (20)

Energy Malaysia Volume 5 (1)
Energy Malaysia Volume 5 (1)Energy Malaysia Volume 5 (1)
Energy Malaysia Volume 5 (1)
 
Energy Malaysia Volume 1
Energy Malaysia Volume 1Energy Malaysia Volume 1
Energy Malaysia Volume 1
 
Powering Sydney's Future Forum June 2014 - Demand Response - Mal Coble
Powering Sydney's Future Forum June 2014 - Demand Response - Mal CoblePowering Sydney's Future Forum June 2014 - Demand Response - Mal Coble
Powering Sydney's Future Forum June 2014 - Demand Response - Mal Coble
 
TransGrid large energy users roundtable
TransGrid large energy users roundtableTransGrid large energy users roundtable
TransGrid large energy users roundtable
 
Indonesian electricity-guide 2011
Indonesian electricity-guide 2011Indonesian electricity-guide 2011
Indonesian electricity-guide 2011
 
Energy Malaysia Volume 2.pdf
Energy Malaysia Volume 2.pdfEnergy Malaysia Volume 2.pdf
Energy Malaysia Volume 2.pdf
 
“Street Lights Replacement System- A Key Necessity for Make in India Campaign”
“Street Lights Replacement System- A Key Necessity for Make in India Campaign”“Street Lights Replacement System- A Key Necessity for Make in India Campaign”
“Street Lights Replacement System- A Key Necessity for Make in India Campaign”
 
Energy Malaysia Volume 6 (1)
Energy Malaysia Volume 6 (1)Energy Malaysia Volume 6 (1)
Energy Malaysia Volume 6 (1)
 
World Energy Inside - Gennaio 2018
World Energy Inside - Gennaio 2018World Energy Inside - Gennaio 2018
World Energy Inside - Gennaio 2018
 
Singapore Energy Scenerio
Singapore Energy ScenerioSingapore Energy Scenerio
Singapore Energy Scenerio
 
Day-3, Mr. Reji Kumar SG Roadmap presentation
Day-3, Mr. Reji Kumar SG Roadmap presentationDay-3, Mr. Reji Kumar SG Roadmap presentation
Day-3, Mr. Reji Kumar SG Roadmap presentation
 
Policy News And Views January 2009
Policy News And Views January 2009Policy News And Views January 2009
Policy News And Views January 2009
 
Energy Malaysia Volume 11.pdf
Energy Malaysia Volume  11.pdfEnergy Malaysia Volume  11.pdf
Energy Malaysia Volume 11.pdf
 
8. SIAMWhitePaperonElectricVehicles.pdf
8. SIAMWhitePaperonElectricVehicles.pdf8. SIAMWhitePaperonElectricVehicles.pdf
8. SIAMWhitePaperonElectricVehicles.pdf
 
Power generation in mp
Power generation in mpPower generation in mp
Power generation in mp
 
14 undp turkey ee presentation katalin_zaim 09 dec 2013
14 undp turkey ee presentation katalin_zaim 09 dec 201314 undp turkey ee presentation katalin_zaim 09 dec 2013
14 undp turkey ee presentation katalin_zaim 09 dec 2013
 
Solar Power 2020: India On A National Solar Mission
Solar Power 2020: India On A National Solar MissionSolar Power 2020: India On A National Solar Mission
Solar Power 2020: India On A National Solar Mission
 
World Energy Focus - Agosto 2015
World Energy Focus - Agosto 2015World Energy Focus - Agosto 2015
World Energy Focus - Agosto 2015
 
Renwable Energy Prelimenary Info
Renwable Energy Prelimenary InfoRenwable Energy Prelimenary Info
Renwable Energy Prelimenary Info
 
South korea smart_grid_revolution_july_2011_zpryme_research
South korea smart_grid_revolution_july_2011_zpryme_researchSouth korea smart_grid_revolution_july_2011_zpryme_research
South korea smart_grid_revolution_july_2011_zpryme_research
 

More from HECTOR GUERRA

5TH_GRADE_-_MENTAL_MATH_QUESTIONNAIRE.docx
5TH_GRADE_-_MENTAL_MATH_QUESTIONNAIRE.docx5TH_GRADE_-_MENTAL_MATH_QUESTIONNAIRE.docx
5TH_GRADE_-_MENTAL_MATH_QUESTIONNAIRE.docx
HECTOR GUERRA
 
LIBRO III COD TRIBUTARIO.pdf
LIBRO III COD TRIBUTARIO.pdfLIBRO III COD TRIBUTARIO.pdf
LIBRO III COD TRIBUTARIO.pdf
HECTOR GUERRA
 
DieseB5S50_tcm76-83277.pdf
DieseB5S50_tcm76-83277.pdfDieseB5S50_tcm76-83277.pdf
DieseB5S50_tcm76-83277.pdf
HECTOR GUERRA
 
clase ingles journey
clase ingles journeyclase ingles journey
clase ingles journey
HECTOR GUERRA
 
Inf inspecc. electrica of. torre del pilar 1401
Inf inspecc. electrica of. torre del pilar 1401Inf inspecc. electrica of. torre del pilar 1401
Inf inspecc. electrica of. torre del pilar 1401
HECTOR GUERRA
 
Guia amigable fases_y_modulos
Guia amigable fases_y_modulosGuia amigable fases_y_modulos
Guia amigable fases_y_modulos
HECTOR GUERRA
 
Enterprise datacenter solution
Enterprise  datacenter  solutionEnterprise  datacenter  solution
Enterprise datacenter solution
HECTOR GUERRA
 
Asg datacenter-relocation-service-datasheet-web
Asg datacenter-relocation-service-datasheet-webAsg datacenter-relocation-service-datasheet-web
Asg datacenter-relocation-service-datasheet-web
HECTOR GUERRA
 
Atomos,iones y moleculas
Atomos,iones y  moleculasAtomos,iones y  moleculas
Atomos,iones y moleculas
HECTOR GUERRA
 

More from HECTOR GUERRA (9)

5TH_GRADE_-_MENTAL_MATH_QUESTIONNAIRE.docx
5TH_GRADE_-_MENTAL_MATH_QUESTIONNAIRE.docx5TH_GRADE_-_MENTAL_MATH_QUESTIONNAIRE.docx
5TH_GRADE_-_MENTAL_MATH_QUESTIONNAIRE.docx
 
LIBRO III COD TRIBUTARIO.pdf
LIBRO III COD TRIBUTARIO.pdfLIBRO III COD TRIBUTARIO.pdf
LIBRO III COD TRIBUTARIO.pdf
 
DieseB5S50_tcm76-83277.pdf
DieseB5S50_tcm76-83277.pdfDieseB5S50_tcm76-83277.pdf
DieseB5S50_tcm76-83277.pdf
 
clase ingles journey
clase ingles journeyclase ingles journey
clase ingles journey
 
Inf inspecc. electrica of. torre del pilar 1401
Inf inspecc. electrica of. torre del pilar 1401Inf inspecc. electrica of. torre del pilar 1401
Inf inspecc. electrica of. torre del pilar 1401
 
Guia amigable fases_y_modulos
Guia amigable fases_y_modulosGuia amigable fases_y_modulos
Guia amigable fases_y_modulos
 
Enterprise datacenter solution
Enterprise  datacenter  solutionEnterprise  datacenter  solution
Enterprise datacenter solution
 
Asg datacenter-relocation-service-datasheet-web
Asg datacenter-relocation-service-datasheet-webAsg datacenter-relocation-service-datasheet-web
Asg datacenter-relocation-service-datasheet-web
 
Atomos,iones y moleculas
Atomos,iones y  moleculasAtomos,iones y  moleculas
Atomos,iones y moleculas
 

Singapore

  • 1. Singapore’s electricity market to be made more responsive to demand By: Information Daily Staff Writer Published: Wednesday, October 24, 2012 - 12:19 GMT The government is launching, through the Energy Market Authority, a consultation process incorporating demand response, where consumers can curtail their demand in response to high prices. Announcing this at the Singapore Energy Summit on Monday, S. Iswaran, Minister in the Prime Minister's Office, said that such a market for forward electricity products will complement Singapore's wholesale market. Mr Iswaran claimed that industries will be consulted on how they can put in place control systems to shed energy loads when prices spike. Consumers will be able to hedge their risks by locking in longer-term prices, while power generation companies stand to gain by using the futures contracts to hedge against their fuel price and operational risks during plant outages. Currently, Singapore's electricity supply comes from five power generating companies. The Government is inviting active stakeholders’ contribution. Singapore is looking to study implementation options and empower consumers by helping them make more informed decisions on energy use. The public consultation will also cover the possibility of an electricity futures market in Singapore, to bring about greater competition in the energy market, which will in turn benefit the end-user. Related UK Energy: Government Failing To Recognise The Urgency To Reform The Electricity Market, Cross Party MPs Say (16 May, 2011) Singapore becomes conduit to lucrative iPhone 5 black market (2 Oct, 2012) Singapore trying to shed its reputation as a tax haven (16 Oct, 2012) Public Sector ICT: Singapore government chooses local Singtel to deliver cloud infrastructure and services (24 May, 2012) Mr Iswaran, who is also Second Minister for Trade and Industry noted that futures markets are already well-established for other commodities such as oil and gas. He said that Singapore's Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) terminal is on track to start operations in the second quarter of next year. With the development of the terminal, Singapore will be well-placed to diversify its gas supply and tap on the global LNG market. Mr Iswaran said the demand for LNG is already stronger than initially expected. To acknowledge achievements of players in the local energy sector, the Government has launched the Singapore Energy Award. The award will recognise organisations and individuals who have made contributions to develop Singapore's energy sector by enhancing the sector's capabilities and infrastructure, and advancing energy innovation. Besides the various initiatives to boost Singapore's energy sector, there are also several research projects in areas of renewable energy and electric cars.