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Simple past
- 1. SIMPLE PAST Sección: 1B AlbenisSalazar CI: 27.202.128
- 2. Simple past: The simplepast form is used to make reference to complete actions in the past, actions which started and concluded before the current time. Also, simple past has a complex and sometimes complicated structure due to there are regular and irregular verbs which tend to confuse. To learn more about the simple past we are going to divide it in three phases: 1. Affirmative. 2. Negative. 3. Interrogative. And we’ll learn more about some commons regular and irregular verbs
- 3. To create anaffirmative sentence you must know what type of verb is (regular or irregular). Then, you have to use the structure following the grammatical rules. Affirmative: Structure: Subject + Main Verb + Complement Affirmative sentences with regular verbs: With regular verbs we use the infinitive form of the verb and add "ed" at the end of the verb; if the verb ends on "e" we just add a "d". When the verb ends on “y” and before of it there is a vowel we add "ed", but, if the verb ends with an “y” and before of this there is a consonant we have to change the “y” by an “i” and then we add “ed”. Affirmative sentences with irregular verbs: We have to memorize the simple past form of the irregular verbs due these are all different in present and past. The verb to be form in past changes according to the personal pronoun. I, she, he, it You, we, they Was Were
- 4. Example: I atea hot dog yesterday. They bought a new car. She was a doctor. He sang at the party. They brought their nephew to work. We were at the museum. Example: I watched the tv show. She danced all night long. They washed the car. The car stopped. I studied a lot before the test. We stayed at home. Examples with regular verbs: Examples with irregular verbs:
- 5. For the negativeform of the simple past we have 2 structures. If the verb is to be, we use the negative form of to be in past. To be: Subject + Verb to be + not + complement But, to the rest of the verbs we use the auxiliary “did”. Auxiliary did: Subject + did + not + main verb (in infinitive) + complement Negative: The contraction form of did not is didn’t which is more common and used in English. In negative, the main verb is always on its base form. That is, in infinitive.
- 6. I didn’t goto the party. They did not wash the car. We didn’t sing. She didn’t dance all night long. You did not give me the money. He didn’t walk to the beach. I wasn't at home. They were not so tall. We weren't hungry. She was not a teacher. You weren't at the mall. Examples with auxiliary did: Examples with verb to be:
- 7. Interrogative: Same as thenegative form, for making questions in simple past we use auxiliary did, unless it is verb to be. The main verb always is in its base form (infinitive). To be: Verb to be + Subject + Complement + ? Auxiliary did: Did + Subject + Main verb (infinitive) + Complement + ? The complement is optional.Example: Were you at the mall? Was she a doctor? Was he at home? Were they thirsty? Was it at the church? Were the notebooks on the table? Did you go to the party? Did he have a new car? Did they dance all night long? Did she go to the movies yesterday? Did you eat a hot dog last night? Did she give her the money?
- 8. To answer aquestion we can use a short or a long answer. And we can answer in affirmative or negative. Exercises: Did yo go to the movies? Yes, I went to the movies. No, I didn’t go to the movies. Did he dance all night long? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t. Did they travel to London last year? Yes. They traveled to London last year. No, they did not travel to London last year. Did you wash the car? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. Did you build that? Yes, I built that. No, I didn’t build that. Did she live in Tuscany? Yes, she lived in Tuscany. No, she didn’t live in Tuscany. Did you eat pizza last night? Yes, I ate pizza last night. No, I didn’t eat pizza last night.
- 9. To cry –Llorar To cook – Cocinar To dance – Bailar To die – Morir To answer – Responder To call – Llamar To ask – Preguntar, pedir To clean – Limpiar To enjoy – Disfrutar To wash – Lavar To help – Ayudar To happen – Suceder, ocurrir Common regular verbs: To laugh – Reír To like – Gustar To listen – Escuchar To live – Vivir To look – Mirar To love - Amar To watch – Mirar To miss – Extrañar, perder To need – Necesitar To open – Abrir To play - Jugar To remember – Recordar To rest - Descansar To start – Empezar, comenzar To stay – Quedarse, permanecer To stop – Parar To study – Estudiar To talk – Hablar To travel – viajar To use – usar, utilizar To wait – Esperar To walk – Caminar To want – Querer To work – Trabajar To repeat – Repetir To turn – Girar, voltear
- 10. To be –Ser, estar To beat – Vencer, pegar, batir, latir To become - convertirse, hacerse To begin - Comenzar. Empezar To break – Romper To build – Construir To bring – Traer To burn – Quemar To buy – Comprar To choose – Escoger To come – Venir To tell – Decir To sleep – Dormir To sit - Sentarse Common irregular verbs: To cost – Costar To cut – Cortar To do – Hacer To drink – Beber To drive – Conducir, manejar To eat – Comer To feel – Sentir To fight – Pelear, luchar To find – Conseguir, encontrar To fly – Volar To forget – Olvidar To forgive – Perdonar To freeze – Congelar To run – Correr To say – Decir To speak - Hablar To get – Obtener, conseguir To give – Dar To go – Ir To grow – Crecer To have – Tener To hear – Oír To hurt – Herir, lastimar To keep – Mantener, guardar To know – Saber, conocer To sing – Cantar To lose – Perder To make – Hacer To pay – Pagar To read – Leer To write – Escribir To take – Tomar, llevar
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