This document provides information about cloud computing. It begins with an introduction to cloud computing concepts and then discusses features, characteristics, architecture, types of cloud including public, private, hybrid and community cloud. It also covers major players in cloud computing like Eucalyptus, advantages and disadvantages of different cloud types, history of cloud computing and differences between cloud computing and grid computing.

1. SHIVAM GUPTA
ROLL NUMBER - 49
ASSIGNMENT – CLOUD COMPUTING

2. CLOUD COMPUTING
CLOUD COMPUTING TUTORIAL PROVIDES BASIC AND ADVANCED CONCEPTS OF CLOUD COMPUTING.
OUR CLOUD COMPUTING TUTORIAL IS DESIGNED FOR BEGINNERS AND PROFESSIONALS.
CLOUD COMPUTING IS A VIRTUALIZATION-BASED TECHNOLOGY THAT ALLOWS US TO CREATE, CONFIGURE, AND
CUSTOMIZE APPLICATIONS VIA AN INTERNET CONNECTION.
THE CLOUD TECHNOLOGY INCLUDES A DEVELOPMENT PLATFORM, HARD DISK, SOFTWARE APPLICATION, AND
DATABASE.

3. CLOUD COMPUTING FEATURES
o DEVELOPING NEW APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES
o STORAGE, BACKUP, AND RECOVERY OF DATA
o HOSTING BLOGS AND WEBSITES
o DELIVERY OF SOFTWARE ON DEMAND
o ANALYSIS OF DATA
o STREAMING VIDEOS AND AUDIOS

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
• THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD COMPUTING ARE GIVEN BELOW:
1) AGILITY
• THE CLOUD WORKS IN A DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT. IT SHARES RESOURCES
AMONG USERS AND WORKS VERY FAST.
2) HIGH AVAILABILITY AND RELIABILITY
• THE AVAILABILITY OF SERVERS IS HIGH AND MORE RELIABLE BECAUSE THE CHANCES OF
INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE ARE MINIMUM.
3) HIGH SCALABILITY
• CLOUD OFFERS "ON-DEMAND" PROVISIONING OF RESOURCES ON A LARGE SCALE, WITHOUT
HAVING ENGINEERS FOR PEAK LOADS.

5. 4) MULTI-SHARING
• WITH THE HELP OF CLOUD COMPUTING, MULTIPLE USERS AND APPLICATIONS CAN WORK MORE EFFICIENTLY WITH
COST REDUCTIONS BY SHARING COMMON INFRASTRUCTURE.
5) DEVICE AND LOCATION INDEPENDENCE
• CLOUD COMPUTING ENABLES THE USERS TO ACCESS SYSTEMS USING A WEB BROWSER REGARDLESS OF THEIR
LOCATION OR WHAT DEVICE THEY USE E.G. PC, MOBILE PHONE, ETC. AS INFRASTRUCTURE IS OFF-SITE (TYPICALLY
PROVIDED BY A THIRD-PARTY) AND ACCESSED VIA THE INTERNET, USERS CAN CONNECT FROM ANYWHERE.
6) MAINTENANCE
• MAINTENANCE OF CLOUD COMPUTING APPLICATIONS IS EASIER, SINCE THEY DO NOT NEED TO BE INSTALLED ON
EACH USER'S COMPUTER AND CAN BE ACCESSED FROM DIFFERENT PLACES. SO, IT REDUCES THE COST ALSO.
7) LOW COST
• BY USING CLOUD COMPUTING, THE COST WILL BE REDUCED BECAUSE TO TAKE THE SERVICES OF CLOUD COMPUTING, IT
COMPANY NEED NOT TO SET ITS OWN INFRASTRUCTURE AND PAY-AS-PER USAGE OF RESOURCES.

6. ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
1) BACK-UP AND RESTORE DATA
ONCE THE DATA IS STORED IN THE CLOUD, IT IS EASIER TO GET BACK-UP AND RESTORE THAT
DATA USING THE CLOUD.
2) IMPROVED COLLABORATION
CLOUD APPLICATIONS IMPROVE COLLABORATION BY ALLOWING GROUPS OF PEOPLE TO QUICKLY
AND EASILY SHARE INFORMATION IN THE CLOUD VIA SHARED STORAGE.
3) EXCELLENT ACCESSIBILITY
CLOUD ALLOWS US TO QUICKLY AND EASILY ACCESS STORE INFORMATION ANYWHERE,
ANYTIME IN THE WHOLE WORLD, USING AN INTERNET CONNECTION. AN INTERNET CLOUD
INFRASTRUCTURE INCREASES ORGANIZATION PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY BY ENSURING
THAT OUR DATA IS ALWAYS ACCESSIBLE.

7. 4) Low maintenance cost
Cloud computing reduces both hardware and software maintenance
costs for organizations.
5) Mobility
Cloud computing allows us to easily access all cloud data via mobile.
6) IServices in the pay-per-use model
Cloud computing offers Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to
the users for access services on the cloud and pays the charges as per
the usage of service.
7) Unlimited storage capacity
Cloud offers us a huge amount of storing capacity for storing our
important data such as documents, images, audio, video, etc. in one
place.

8. 4) Low maintenance cost
Cloud computing reduces both hardware and software maintenance costs for organizations.
5) Mobility
Cloud computing allows us to easily access all cloud data via mobile.
6) services in the pay-per-use model
Cloud computing offers Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to the users for access services
on the cloud and pays the charges as per the usage of service.
7) Unlimited storage capacity
Cloud offers us a huge amount of storing capacity for storing our important data such as
documents, images, audio, video, etc. in one place.

9. DISADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
1) INTERNET CONNECTIVITY
• AS YOU KNOW, IN CLOUD COMPUTING, EVERY DATA (IMAGE, AUDIO, VIDEO, ETC.) IS STORED IN THE CLOUD, AND WE
ACCESS THIS DATA THROUGH THE CLOUD BY USING THE INTERNET CONNECTION. IF YOU DO NOT HAVE GOOD INTERNET
CONNECTIVITY, YOU CANNOT ACCESS THIS DATA.
2) VENDOR LOCK-IN
• VENDOR LOCK-IN IS THE BIGGEST DISADVANTAGE OF CLOUD COMPUTING. ORGANIZATIONS MAY FACE PROBLEMS WHEN
TRANSFERRING THEIR SERVICES FROM ONE VENDOR TO ANOTHER.
• 3) LIMITED CONTROL
• AS WE KNOW, CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE IS COMPLETELY OWNED, MANAGED, AND MONITORED BY THE SERVICE PROVIDER,
SO THE CLOUD USERS HAVE LESS CONTROL OVER THE FUNCTION AND EXECUTION OF SERVICES WITHIN A CLOUD
INFRASTRUCTURE.

10. 4) Security :-
Although cloud service providers implement the best
security standards to store important information. But,
before adopting cloud technology, you should be aware that
you will be sending all your organization's sensitive
information to a third party, i.e., a cloud computing service
provider. While sending the data on the cloud, there may be a
chance that your organization's information is hacked by
Hackers.

11. HISTORY OF CLOUD COMPUTING
Before emerging cloud computing, there was Client/Server computing which is
basically centralized storage in which all the software applications,
all the data and all the controls reside on the server side.
If a single user wants to access specific data or run a program,
he/she needs to connect to the server and then gain appropriate access, and
then he/she can do his/her business.
Then after, distributed computing came into the picture, where all the
computers are networked together and share their resources when needed.

12. Around 1961, John MacCharty suggested in a speech at MIT that computing can be sold
like a utility, just like water or electricity. It was a brilliant idea, but like all brilliant ideas, it
was ahead if its time, as for the next few decades, despite interest in the model, the
technology simply was not ready for it.
But of course, time has passed and the technology caught that idea and after few years
we mentioned that:
In 1999, Salesforce.com started delivering applications to users using a simple website.
The applications were delivered to enterprises over the Internet, and this way the dream
of computing sold as the utility was true.
In 2002, Amazon started Amazon Web Services, providing services like storage,
computation and even human intelligence. However, only starting with the launch of the
Elastic Compute Cloud in 2006 a truly commercial service open to everybody existed.
In 2009, Google Apps also started to provide cloud computing enterprise applications.
Of course, all the big players are present in the cloud computing evolution, some were
earlier, some were later. In 2009, Microsoft launched Windows Azure, and companies like
Oracle and HP have all joined the game. This proves that today, cloud computing has
become mainstream.

13. CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE
• AS WE KNOW, CLOUD COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY IS USED BY BOTH SMALL AND
LARGE ORGANIZATIONS TO STORE INFORMATION IN THE CLOUD AND ACCESS IT
FROM ANYWHERE AT ANY TIME USING AN INTERNET CONNECTION.
• CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE IS A COMBINATION OF SERVICE-ORIENTED
ARCHITECTURE AND EVENT-DRIVEN ARCHITECTURE.
• CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE IS DIVIDED INTO THE FOLLOWING TWO PARTS
o FRONT END
o BACK END

14. FRONT END
THE FRONT END IS USED BY THE
CLIENT. IT CONTAINS CLIENT-SIDE
INTERFACES AND APPLICATIONS THAT
ARE REQUIRED TO ACCESS THE CLOUD
COMPUTING PLATFORMS.
BACK END
THE BACK END IS USED BY THE
SERVICE PROVIDER. IT MANAGES ALL
THE RESOURCES THAT ARE REQUIRED
TO PROVIDE CLOUD COMPUTING
SERVICES. IT INCLUDES A HUGE
AMOUNT OF DATA STORAGE,
SECURITY MECHANISM, VIRTUAL
MACHINES, DEPLOYING MODELS,
SERVERS, TRAFFIC CONTROL
MECHANISMS, ETC.

15. WHAT IS CLOUD?
THE TERM CLOUD REFERS TO
A NETWORK OR INTERNET. IN OTHER WORDS,
WE CAN SAY THAT CLOUD IS SOMETHING,
WHICH IS PRESENT AT REMOTE LOCATIONS.
CLOUD CAN PROVIDE SERVICES OVER PUBLIC
AND PRIVATE NETWORKS, I.E., WAN, LAN, OR
VPN.
APPLICATIONS SUCH AS E-MAIL, WEB

16. CLOUD
COMPUTING
CLOUD COMPUTING USES A CLIENT-
SERVER ARCHITECTURE TO DELIVER
COMPUTING RESOURCES SUCH AS
SERVERS, STORAGE, DATABASES, AND
SOFTWARE OVER THE CLOUD (INTERNET)
WITH PAY-AS-YOU-GO PRICING.
CLOUD COMPUTING BECOMES A VERY
POPULAR OPTION FOR ORGANIZATIONS
BY PROVIDING VARIOUS ADVANTAGES,
INCLUDING COST-SAVING, INCREASED
PRODUCTIVITY, EFFICIENCY,
PERFORMANCE, DATA BACK-UPS,
DISASTER RECOVERY, AND SECURITY.

17. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLOUD COMPUTING
AND GRID COMPUTING
Cloud Computing Grid Computing
Cloud Computing follows client-server computing
architecture.
Grid computing follows a distributed computing architecture.
Scalability is high. Scalability is normal.
Cloud Computing is more flexible than grid computing. Grid Computing is less flexible than cloud computing.
Cloud operates as a centralized management system. Grid operates as a decentralized management system.
In cloud computing, cloud servers are owned by
infrastructure providers.
In Grid computing, grids are owned and managed by the
organization.
Cloud computing uses services like Iaas, PaaS, and SaaS. Grid computing uses systems like distributed computing,
distributed information, and distributed pervasive.
Cloud Computing is Service-oriented. Grid Computing is Application-oriented.
It is accessible through standard web protocols. It is accessible through grid middleware.

19. TYPES OF CLOUD
public private
Hybrid Community

20. PUBLIC
CLOUD
PUBLIC CLOUD IS OPEN TO ALL TO
STORE AND ACCESS INFORMATION
VIA THE INTERNET USING THE PAY-
PER-USAGE METHOD.
IN PUBLIC CLOUD, COMPUTING
RESOURCES ARE MANAGED AND
OPERATED BY THE CLOUD SERVICE
PROVIDER (CSP).

21. ADVANTAGES OF PUBLIC CLOUD
o Public cloud is owned at a lower cost than the private and hybrid cloud.
o Public cloud is maintained by the cloud service provider, so do not need to worry about
the maintenance.
o Public cloud is easier to integrate. Hence it offers a better flexibility approach to
consumers.
o Public cloud is location independent because its services are delivered through the
internet.
o Public cloud is highly scalable as per the requirement of computing resources.

22. DISADVANTAGES OF PUBLIC
CLOUD
• PUBLIC CLOUD IS LESS SECURE BECAUSE RESOURCES ARE
SHARED PUBLICLY.
• PERFORMANCE DEPENDS UPON THE HIGH-SPEED INTERNET
NETWORK LINK TO THE CLOUD PROVIDER.
• THE CLIENT HAS NO CONTROL OF DATA.

23. PRIVATE
CLOUD
A PRIVATE CLOUD IS ALSO KNOWN AS AN INTERNAL
CLOUD OR CORPORATE CLOUD. IT IS USED BY
ORGANIZATIONS TO BUILD AND MANAGE THEIR OWN DATA
CENTERS INTERNALLY OR BY A THIRD PARTY. IT CAN BE
DEPLOYED USING OPENSOURCE TOOLS SUCH AS OPEN STACK
AND EUCALYPTUS.
BASED ON THE LOCATION AND MANAGEMENT, THE NATIONAL
INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY (NIST) DIVIDES
PRIVATE CLOUD INTO THE FOLLOWING TWO PARTS-
o ON-PREMISE PRIVATE CLOUD
o OUTSOURCED PRIVATE CLOUD

24. ADVANTAGES OF PRIVATE CLOUD
o PRIVATE CLOUD PROVIDES A HIGH LEVEL OF SECURITY AND PRIVACY TO THE USERS.
o PRIVATE CLOUD OFFERS BETTER PERFORMANCE WITH IMPROVED SPEED AND SPACE CAPACITY.
o IT ALLOWS THE IT TEAM TO QUICKLY ALLOCATE AND DELIVER ON-DEMAND IT RESOURCES.
o THE ORGANIZATION HAS FULL CONTROL OVER THE CLOUD BECAUSE IT IS MANAGED BY THE ORGANIZATION
ITSELF. SO, THERE IS NO NEED FOR THE ORGANIZATION TO DEPENDS ON ANYBODY.
o IT IS SUITABLE FOR ORGANIZATIONS THAT REQUIRE A SEPARATE CLOUD FOR THEIR PERSONAL USE AND DATA
SECURITY IS THE FIRST PRIORITY.

25. DISADVANTAGES OF PRIVATE CLOUD
• SKILLED PEOPLE ARE REQUIRED TO MANAGE AND OPERATE CLOUD SERVICES.
• PRIVATE CLOUD IS ACCESSIBLE WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION, SO THE AREA OF
OPERATIONS IS LIMITED.
• PRIVATE CLOUD IS NOT SUITABLE FOR ORGANIZATIONS THAT HAVE A HIGH
USER BASE, AND ORGANIZATIONS THAT DO NOT HAVE THE PREBUILT
INFRASTRUCTURE, SUFFICIENT MANPOWER TO MAINTAIN AND MANAGE THE
CLOUD.

26. HYBRID CLOUD
A HYBRID CLOUD IS A
COMBINATION OF THE PUBLIC
CLOUD AND THE PRIVATE CLOUD.
WE CAN SAY:
HYBRID CLOUD = PUBLIC CLOUD + PRIVATE CLOUD
HYBRID CLOUD IS PARTIALLY SECURE
BECAUSE THE SERVICES WHICH ARE
RUNNING ON THE PUBLIC CLOUD CAN BE
ACCESSED BY ANYONE, WHILE THE
SERVICES WHICH ARE RUNNING ON A
PRIVATE CLOUD CAN BE ACCESSED ONLY
BY THE ORGANIZATION'S USERS.

27. ADVANTAGES OF HYBRID
CLOUD
o HYBRID CLOUD IS SUITABLE FOR ORGANIZATIONS THAT REQUIRE MORE
o SECURITY THAN THE PUBLIC CLOUD.
o HYBRID CLOUD HELPS YOU TO DELIVER NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
o MORE QUICKLY.
o HYBRID CLOUD PROVIDES AN EXCELLENT WAY TO REDUCE THE RISK.
o HYBRID CLOUD OFFERS FLEXIBLE RESOURCES BECAUSE OF THE PUBLIC
o CLOUD AND SECURE RESOURCES BECAUSE OF THE PRIVATE CLOUD.

28. DISADVANTAGES OF HYBRID CLOUD
IN HYBRID CLOUD, THE SECURITY FEATURE IS NOT AS GOOD AS THE
PRIVATE CLOUD.
o MANAGING A HYBRID CLOUD IS COMPLEX BECAUSE IT IS
DIFFICULT TO MANAGE MORE THAN ONE TYPE OF DEPLOYMENT
MODEL.
o IN THE HYBRID CLOUD, THE RELIABILITY OF THE SERVICES
o DEPENDS ON CLOUD SERVICE PROVIDERS.

29. COMMUNITY CLOUD
• COMMUNITY CLOUD ALLOWS SYSTEMS AND SERVICES TO BE ACCESSIBLE BY
GROUPS OF ORGANIZATIONS.
• IT SHARES THE INFRASTRUCTURE BETWEEN SEVERAL ORGANIZATIONS FROM A
SPECIFIC COMMUNITY.
• IT MAY BE MANAGED INTERNALLY BY ORGANIZATIONS OR BY A THIRD PARTY.
THE COMMUNITY CLOUD MODEL IS SHOWN IN THE DIAGRAM BELOW.

30. COMMUNITY
CLOUD
COMMUNITY CLOUD ALLOWS SYSTEMS
AND SERVICES TO BE ACCESSIBLE BY A
GROUP OF SEVERAL ORGANIZATIONS TO
SHARE THE INFORMATION BETWEEN THE
ORGANIZATION AND A SPECIFIC
COMMUNITY. IT IS OWNED, MANAGED,
AND OPERATED BY ONE OR MORE
ORGANIZATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, A
THIRD PARTY, OR A COMBINATION OF
THEM.

31. ADVANTAGES OF COMMUNITYCLOUD
o COMMUNITY CLOUD IS COST-EFFECTIVE BECAUSE THE WHOLE CLOUD IS BEING SHARED BY SEVERAL
ORGANIZATIONS OR COMMUNITIES.
o COMMUNITY CLOUD IS SUITABLE FOR ORGANIZATIONS THAT WANT TO HAVE A COLLABORATIVE CLOUD
WITH MORE SECURITY FEATURES THAN THE PUBLIC CLOUD.
o IT PROVIDES BETTER SECURITY THAN THE PUBLIC CLOUD.
o IT PROVIDES A COLLABORATIVE AND DISTRIBUTIVE ENVIRONMENT.
o COMMUNITY CLOUD ALLOWS US TO SHARE CLOUD RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND OTHER
CAPABILITIES AMONG VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS.

32. DISADVANTAGES OF COMMUNITY CLOUD
o COMMUNITY CLOUD IS NOT A GOOD CHOICE FOR EVERY
ORGANIZATION.
o SECURITY FEATURES ARE NOT AS GOOD AS THE PRIVATE CLOUD.
o IT IS NOT SUITABLE IF THERE IS NO COLLABORATION.
o THE FIXED AMOUNT OF DATA STORAGE AND BANDWIDTH IS SHARED
AMONG ALL COMMUNITY MEMBERS.

33. MAJOR PLAYERS IN CLOUD COMPUTINGISSUES
IN CLOUDS - EUCALYPTUS - NIMBUS - OPEN
NEBULA, CLOUDSIM.

34. EUCALYPTUS
-> EUCALYPTUS STANDS BY ELASTIC UTILITY COMPUTING
ARCHITECTURE FOR LINKING YOUR PROGRAMS TO USEFUL
SYSTEMS. IT IS MAINLY BASED ON A PRIVATE CLOUD AND WAS
DEVELOPED BY CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY, SANTA BARBARA.
• BY USING EUCALYPTUS, USERS ARE ABLE TO PERFORM MANY
FUNCTIONS LIKE START, CONTROL, SHUT DOWN, CLEANING OF
VIRTUAL MACHINES ETC.
• EUCALYPTUS CAN BE USED WITHOUT REQUIRING RESOURCES
AND FURTHER DEMANDS MINIMUM MODIFICATION AND MAXIMUM
EXTENSION. IT ALSO PROVIDES A VIRTUAL NETWORK THAT

35. NIMBUS
IT IS OPEN-SOURCE COMPUTING THAT CONVERTS CLUSTERS INTO
IAAS (INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE).
IT PERMITS THE USERS FOR LEASING REMOTE RESOURCES AND
BUILDING AN ENVIRONMENT FOR COMPUTING.
FOR DEPLOYMENT OF AN APPLICATION, NIMBUS OFFERS A “CLOUD
KIT” THAT FURTHER COMPRISES OF MANAGER (USED FOR HOSTING
SERVICES) AND A REPOSITORY FOR IMAGES.
IT ALSO PROVIDES A SOLUTION NAMELY VWS (VIRTUAL WORKSPACE
SERVICES) THAT CAN DO ALLOCATION AND CONFIGURATION OF
REMOTE RESOURCES.

36. XCP)XEN
XEN WAS LAUNCHED IN
2010 BY XEN
ORGANIZATION (XEN.ORG)
FOR IAAS SERVICES.
BUT IT DO NOT SUPPORT
FULL ARCHITECTURE OF
CLOUD. IT WORKS AS
ABSTRACTION LAYER
BETWEEN HARDWARE AND

37. CLOUDSIM
THIS PLATFORM IS BASED ON PAAS AND IS USED TO
DEVELOP WEB MINING APPLICATIONS.
THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE PLATFORM COMPRISES
THREE LAYERS AS SHOWN IN THE FIGURE.
PC CLUSTER LAYER SUPPORTS THE HARDWARE
INFRASTRUCTURE BEING USED IN THE DATA
PROCESSING.
WHILE INFRASTRUCTURE CONSISTS OF ALL
TECHNOLOGIES USED IN ARCHITECTURE I.E. TFS
WHICH IS SIMILAR TO GFS, BIG TABLE, AND
PROGRAMMING MODEL, THE DATA PROCESSING
APPLICATION LAYER IS FOR USE ONLY TO DEVELOP
HIS OWN APPLICATIONS

38. UNIT -
2ND
CLOUD
SERVICES

39. CLOUD SERVICE
MODELS

40. INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE
(IAAS)
• IAAS IS ALSO KNOWN AS HARDWARE AS A SERVICE (HAAS). IT IS ONE OF THE LAYERS OF THE CLOUD COMPUTINGPLATFORM.
• IT ALLOWS CUSTOMERS TO OUTSOURCETHEIR IT INFRASTRUCTURES SUCH AS SERVERS, NETWORKING,PROCESSING,
STORAGE,VIRTUAL MACHINES, AND OTHER RESOURCES.
• CUSTOMERSACCESS THESE RESOURCESON THE INTERNET USINGA PAY-AS-PER USE MODEL.
• IN TRADITIONAL HOSTING SERVICES, IT INFRASTRUCTURE WAS RENTED OUT FOR A SPECIFIC PERIOD OF TIME, WITH
PRE- DETERMINED HARDWARE CONFIGURATION.

41. The client paid for the configuration and time, regardless of the actual use.
With the help of the IaaS cloud computing platform layer, clients can
dynamically scale the configuration to meet changing requirements and are
billed only for the services actually used.
The IaaS cloud computing platform layer eliminates the need for every
organization to maintain its IT infrastructure.
IaaS is offered in three models: public, private, and hybrid cloud. The private
cloud implies that the infrastructure resides at the customer-premise.
In the case of the public cloud, it is located at the cloud computing platform
vendor's data center, and the hybrid cloud is a combination of the two in
which the customer selects the best of both public cloud or private cloud.

42. IAAS PROVIDER PROVIDES THE
FOLLOWING SERVICES -
1. COMPUTE: COMPUTING AS A SERVICE INCLUDES VIRTUAL CENTRAL PROCESSING
UNITS AND VIRTUAL MAIN MEMORY FOR THE VMS THAT IS PROVISIONED TO THE
END-USERS.
2. STORAGE: IAAS PROVIDER PROVIDES BACK-END STORAGE FOR STORING FILES.
3. NETWORK: NETWORK AS A SERVICE (NAAS) PROVIDES NETWORKING
COMPONENTS SUCH AS ROUTERS, SWITCHES, AND BRIDGES FOR THE VMS.
4. LOAD BALANCERS: IT PROVIDES LOAD BALANCING CAPABILITY AT THE
INFRASTRUCTURE LAYER.

43. ADVANTAGES OF IAAS CLOUD
COMPUTING LAYER
1. SHARED INFRASTRUCTURE
IAAS ALLOWS MULTIPLE USERS TO SHARE THE SAME PHYSICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE.
2. WEB ACCESS TO THE RESOURCES
IAAS ALLOWS IT USERS TO ACCESS RESOURCES OVER THE INTERNET.
3. PAY-AS-PER-USE MODEL
IAAS PROVIDERS PROVIDE SERVICES BASED ON THE PAY-AS-PER-USE BASIS.
USERS ARE REQUIRED TO PAY FOR WHAT THEY HAVE USED.
4. FOCUS ON THE CORE BUSINESS
• IAAS PROVIDERS FOCUS ON THE ORGANIZATION'S CORE BUSINESS RATHER THAN
ON IT INFRASTRUCTURE.

44. DISADVANTAGES OF IAAS CLOUD
COMPUTING LAYER
1. SECURITY
SECURITY IS ONE OF THE BIGGEST ISSUES IN IAAS. MOST OF THE IAAS PROVIDERS ARE
NOT ABLE TO PROVIDE 100% SECURITY.
2. MAINTENANCE & UPGRADE
ALTHOUGH IAAS SERVICE PROVIDERS MAINTAIN THE SOFTWARE, THEY DO NOT
UPGRADE THE SOFTWARE FOR SOME ORGANIZATIONS.
3. INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES
IT IS DIFFICULT TO MIGRATE VM FROM ONE IAAS PROVIDER TO THE OTHER, SO THE
CUSTOMERS MIGHT FACE PROBLEMS RELATED TO VENDOR LOCK-IN.

45. SOME IMPORTANT POINT ABOUT IAAS
CLOUD COMPUTING LAYER
• IAAS CLOUD COMPUTING PLATFORM CANNOT REPLACE THE TRADITIONAL HOSTING
METHOD, BUT IT PROVIDES MORE THAN THAT, AND EACH RESOURCE WHICH IS USED
ARE PREDICTABLE AS PER THE USAGE.
• IAAS CLOUD COMPUTING PLATFORM MAY NOT ELIMINATE THE NEED FOR AN IN-
HOUSE IT DEPARTMENT. IT WILL BE NEEDED TO MONITOR OR CONTROL THE IAAS SETUP.
• IT SALARY EXPENDITURE MIGHT NOT REDUCE SIGNIFICANTLY, BUT OTHER IT EXPENSES
CAN BE REDUCED.

46. Breakdowns at the IaaS cloud computing platform vendors
can bring your business to a halting stage.
Assess the IaaS cloud computing platform vendor's
stability and finances.
Make sure that SLAs (i.e., Service Level Agreement)
provide backups for data, hardware, network, and
application failures. Image portability and third-party
support are plus points.
The IaaS cloud computing platform vendor can get access
to your sensitive data. So, engage with credible companies
or organizations. Study their security policies and

47. TOP IAAS PROVIDERS WHO ARE
PROVIDING IAAS CLOUD
COMPUTING PLATFORM
THE IAAS CLOUD
COMPUTING PLATFORM
VENDOR CAN GET ACCESS
TO YOUR SENSITIVE DATA.
SO, ENGAGE WITH
CREDIBLE COMPANIES OR
ORGANIZATIONS. STUDY
THEIR SECURITY POLICIES
AND PRECAUTIONS.

48. PLATFORM AS A SERVICE | PAAS
• PLATFORM AS A SERVICE (PAAS) PROVIDES A RUNTIME ENVIRONMENT.
• IT ALLOWS PROGRAMMERS TO EASILY CREATE, TEST, RUN, AND DEPLOY WEB
APPLICATIONS.
• YOU CAN PURCHASE THESE APPLICATIONS FROM A CLOUD SERVICE PROVIDER ON A
PAY-AS-PER-USE BASIS AND ACCESS THEM USING THE INTERNET CONNECTION.
• IN PAAS, BACK-END SCALABILITY IS MANAGED BY THE CLOUD SERVICE PROVIDER, SO
END-USERS DO NOT NEED TO WORRY ABOUT MANAGING THE INFRASTRUCTURE.

49. • PAAS INCLUDES INFRASTRUCTURE (SERVERS, STORAGE, AND NETWORKING) AND
PLATFORM (MIDDLEWARE, DEVELOPMENT TOOLS, DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS,
BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE, AND MORE) TO SUPPORT THE WEB APPLICATION LIFE CYCLE.
EXAMPLE: GOOGLE APP ENGINE, FORCE.COM, JOYENT, AZURE.
• PAAS PROVIDERS PROVIDE THE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, APPLICATION
FRAMEWORKS, DATABASES, AND OTHER TOOLS:

51. 1. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
• PAAS PROVIDERS PROVIDE VARIOUS PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES FOR THE DEVELOPERS TO
DEVELOP THE APPLICATIONS. SOME POPULAR PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES PROVIDED BY PAAS
PROVIDERS ARE JAVA, PHP, RUBY, PERL, AND GO.
2. APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS
• PAAS PROVIDERS PROVIDE APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS TO EASILY UNDERSTAND THE
APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT. SOME POPULAR APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS PROVIDED BY PAAS
PROVIDERS ARE NODE.JS, DRUPAL, JOOMLA, WORDPRESS, SPRING, PLAY, RACK, AND ZEND.
3. DATABASES
• PAAS PROVIDERS PROVIDE VARIOUS DATABASES SUCH AS CLEARDB, POSTGRESQL, MONGODB,
AND REDIS TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE APPLICATIONS.
4. OTHER TOOLS
• PAAS PROVIDERS PROVIDE VARIOUS OTHER TOOLS THAT ARE REQUIRED TO DEVELOP, TEST, AND
DEPLOY THE APPLICATIONS.

52. ADVANTAGES OF
PAAS
1) SIMPLIFIED DEVELOPMENT
• PAAS ALLOWS DEVELOPERS TO FOCUS ON DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION WITHOUT
WORRYING ABOUT INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT.
2) LOWER RISK
• NO NEED FOR UP-FRONT INVESTMENT IN HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE. DEVELOPERS ONLY
NEED A PC AND AN INTERNET CONNECTION TO START BUILDING APPLICATIONS.
3) PREBUILT BUSINESS FUNCTIONALITY
• SOME PAAS VENDORS ALSO PROVIDE ALREADY DEFINED BUSINESS FUNCTIONALITY SO THAT
USERS CAN AVOID BUILDING EVERYTHING FROM VERY SCRATCH AND HENCE CAN DIRECTLY
START THE PROJECTS ONLY.

53. DISADVANTAGES OF PAAS CLOUD
COMPUTING LAYER
1) VENDOR LOCK-IN
• ONE HAS TO WRITE THE APPLICATIONS ACCORDING TO THE PLATFORM PROVIDED BY THE PAAS
VENDOR, SO THE MIGRATION OF AN APPLICATION TO ANOTHER PAAS VENDOR WOULD BE A PROBLEM.
2) DATA PRIVACY
• CORPORATE DATA, WHETHER IT CAN BE CRITICAL OR NOT, WILL BE PRIVATE, SO IF IT IS NOT LOCATED
WITHIN THE WALLS OF THE COMPANY, THERE CAN BE A RISK IN TERMS OF PRIVACY OF DATA.
3) INTEGRATION WITH THE REST OF THE SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS
• IT MAY HAPPEN THAT SOME APPLICATIONS ARE LOCAL, AND SOME ARE IN THE CLOUD. SO THERE
WILL BE CHANCES OF INCREASED COMPLEXITY WHEN WE WANT TO USE DATA WHICH IN THE CLOUD
WITH THE LOCAL DATA.

54. Providers Services
Google App Engine (GAE) App Identity, URL Fetch, Cloud storage client library,
Logservice
Salesforce.com Faster implementation, Rapid scalability, CRM Services,
Sales cloud, Mobile connectivity, Chatter.
Windows Azure Compute, security, IoT, Data Storage.
AppFog Justcloud.com, SkyDrive, GoogleDocs
Openshift RedHat, Microsoft Azure.
Cloud Foundry from VMware Data, Messaging, and other services.

55. SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE | SAAS
SAAS IS ALSO KNOWN AS "ON-DEMAND
SOFTWARE". IT IS A SOFTWARE
DISTRIBUTION MODEL IN WHICH SERVICES
ARE HOSTED BY A CLOUD SERVICE
PROVIDER. THESE SERVICES ARE
AVAILABLE TO END-USERS OVER THE
INTERNET SO, THE END-USERS DO NOT
NEED TO INSTALL ANY SOFTWARE ON THEIR
DEVICESTOACCESSTHESESERVICES.

56. SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE | SAAS
• SAAS IS ALSO KNOWN AS "ON-DEMAND SOFTWARE". IT IS A
SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION MODEL IN WHICH SERVICES ARE HOSTED BY A
CLOUD SERVICE PROVIDER.
• THESE SERVICES ARE AVAILABLE TO END-USERS OVER THE INTERNET SO,
THE END-USERS DO NOT NEED TO INSTALL ANY SOFTWARE ON THEIR
DEVICES TO ACCESS THESE SERVICES.
• THERE ARE THE FOLLOWING SERVICES PROVIDED BY SAAS PROVIDERS -

57. THERE ARE THE FOLLOWING SERVICES
PROVIDED BY SAAS PROVIDERS -
• BUSINESS SERVICES - SAAS PROVIDER PROVIDES VARIOUS BUSINESS
SERVICES TO START UP THE BUSINESS. THE SAAS BUSINESS SERVICES
INCLUDE ERP (ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING), CRM (CUSTOMER
RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT), BILLING, AND SALES.
• DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT - SAAS DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT IS A
SOFTWARE APPLICATION OFFERED BY A THIRD PARTY (SAAS PROVIDERS)
TO CREATE, MANAGE, AND TRACK ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS.
• EXAMPLE: SLACK, SAMEPAGE, BOX, AND ZOHO FORMS.

58. ADVANTAGES OF SAAS
• GAIN ACCESS TO SOPHISTICATED APPLICATIONS. TO PROVIDE SAAS APPS TO USERS, YOU DON’T
NEED TO PURCHASE, INSTALL, UPDATE, OR MAINTAIN ANY HARDWARE, MIDDLEWARE, OR
SOFTWARE. SAAS MAKES EVEN SOPHISTICATED ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS, SUCH AS ERP AND CRM,
AFFORDABLE FOR ORGANIZATIONS THAT LACK THE RESOURCES TO BUY, DEPLOY, AND MANAGE THE
REQUIRED INFRASTRUCTURE AND SOFTWARE THEMSELVES.
• PAY ONLY FOR WHAT YOU USE. YOU ALSO SAVE MONEY BECAUSE THE SAAS SERVICE
AUTOMATICALLY SCALES UP AND DOWN ACCORDING TO THE LEVEL OF USAGE.
• USE FREE CLIENT SOFTWARE. USERS CAN RUN MOST SAAS APPS DIRECTLY FROM THEIR WEB
BROWSER WITHOUT NEEDING TO DOWNLOAD AND INSTALL ANY SOFTWARE, ALTHOUGH SOME APPS
REQUIRE PLUGINS. THIS MEANS THAT YOU DON’T NEED TO PURCHASE AND INSTALL SPECIAL
SOFTWARE FOR YOUR USERS.

59. DISADVANTAGES OF SAAS CLOUD
COMPUTING LAYER
1) SECURITY
• ACTUALLY, DATA IS STORED IN THE CLOUD, SO SECURITY MAY BE AN ISSUE FOR SOME USERS. HOWEVER, CLOUD
COMPUTING IS NOT MORE SECURE THAN IN-HOUSE DEPLOYMENT.
2) LATENCY ISSUE
• SINCE DATA AND APPLICATIONS ARE STORED IN THE CLOUD AT A VARIABLE DISTANCE FROM THE END-USER, THERE IS A
POSSIBILITY THAT THERE MAY BE GREATER LATENCY WHEN INTERACTING WITH THE APPLICATION COMPARED TO LOCAL
DEPLOYMENT. THEREFORE, THE SAAS MODEL IS NOT SUITABLE FOR APPLICATIONS WHOSE DEMAND RESPONSE TIME IS IN
MILLISECONDS.
3) TOTAL DEPENDENCY ON INTERNET
• WITHOUT AN INTERNET CONNECTION, MOST SAAS APPLICATIONS ARE NOT USABLE.
4) SWITCHING BETWEEN SAAS VENDORS IS DIFFICULT
• SWITCHING SAAS VENDORS INVOLVES THE DIFFICULT AND SLOW TASK OF TRANSFERRING THE VERY LARGE DATA FILES
OVER THE INTERNET AND THEN CONVERTING AND IMPORTING THEM INTO ANOTHER SAAS ALSO.

61. AWS
AWS TUTORIAL PROVIDES BASIC AND
ADVANCED CONCEPTS. OUR AWS TUTORIAL
IS DESIGNED FOR BEGINNERS AND
PROFESSIONALS.
AWS STANDS FOR AMAZON WEB SERVICES
WHICH USES DISTRIBUTED IT
INFRASTRUCTURE TO PROVIDE DIFFERENT
IT RESOURCES ON DEMAND.
OUR AWS TUTORIAL INCLUDES ALL THE
TOPICS SUCH AS INTRODUCTION, HISTORY
OF AWS, GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE,
FEATURES OF AWS, IAM, STORAGE
SERVICES, DATABASE SERVICES, ETC.

62. AWS PROVIDES
SERVICES TO
CUSTOMERS
•COMPUTING
•PROGRAMMING MODELS
•DATABASE STORAGE
•NETWORKING

63. ADVANTAGES OF AWS
1) FLEXIBILITY
• WE CAN GET MORE TIME FOR CORE BUSINESS TASKS DUE TO THE INSTANT AVAILABILITY OF NEW
FEATURES AND SERVICES IN AWS.
• IT PROVIDES EFFORTLESS HOSTING OF LEGACY APPLICATIONS. AWS DOES NOT REQUIRE
LEARNING NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND MIGRATION OF APPLICATIONS TO THE AWS PROVIDES
TDVANCED COMPUTING AND EFFICIENT STORAGE.
• AWS ALSO OFFERS A CHOICE THAT WHETHER WE WANT TO RUN THE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES
TOGETHER OR NOT. WE CAN ALSO CHOOSE TO RUN A PART OF THE IT INFRASTRUCTURE IN AWS
AND THE REMAINING PART IN DATA CENTERS.
2) COST-EFFECTIVENESS
• AWS REQUIRES NO UPFRONT INVESTMENT, LONG-TERM COMMITMENT, AND MINIMUM EXPENSE
WHEN COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL IT INFRASTRUCTURE WHICH REQUIRES A HUGE INVESTMENT.

64. 3) SCALABILITY/ELASTICITY
• THROUGH AWS, AUTOSCALING AND ELASTIC LOAD BALANCING TECHNIQUES ARE
AUTOMATICALLY SCALED UP OR DOWN, WHEN DEMAND INCREASES OR DECREASES
RESPECTIVELY. AWS TECHNIQUES ARE IDEAL FOR HANDLING UNPREDICTABLE OR VERY HIGH
LOADS. DUE TO THIS REASON, ORGANIZATIONS ENJOY THE BENEFITS OF REDUCED COST
AND INCREASED USER SATISFACTION.
4) SECURITY
• AWS PROVIDES END-TO-END SECURITY AND PRIVACY TO CUSTOMERS.
• AWS HAS A VIRTUAL INFRASTRUCTURE THAT OFFERS OPTIMUM AVAILABILITY WHILE
MANAGING FULL PRIVACY AND ISOLATION OF THITSPERATIONS.
• CUSTOMERS CAN EXPECT A HIGH LEVEL OF PHYSICAL SECURITY BECAUSE OF AMAZON’S
SEVERAL YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN DESIGNING, DEVELOPING, AND MAINTAINING LARGE-
SCALE IT OPERATION CENTERS.
• AWS ENSURES THE THREE ASPECTS OF SECURITY, I.E., CONFIDENTIALITY, INTEGRITY, AND
AVAILABILITY OF USER'S DATA.

65. GOOGLE CLOUD
PLATFORM
• OUR GOOGLE CLOUD PLATFORM TUTORIAL CONTAINS THE BASIC AND ADVANCED
CONCEPTS OF GOOGLE CLOUD PLATFORM. THIS TUTORIAL IS DESIGNED TO HELP
BOTH BEGINNERS AND PROFESSIONALS.
• THIS TUTORIAL GIVES YOU AN INTRODUCTION TO GOOGLE CLOUD PLATFORM
ALONG WITH A WIDE RANGE OF TOPICS SUCH AS WHY USE GOOGLE CLOUD
PLATFORM, BENEFITS OF GOOGLE CLOUD PLATFORM, KEY FEATURES OF
GOOGLE CLOUD PLATFORM, GOOGLE CLOUD PLATFORM SERVICES, CREATING A
FREE TIER ACCOUNT AND VM INSTANCE ON GOOGLE CLOUD PLATFORM, ETC.
• BEFORE WE START LEARNING GOOGLE CLOUD PLATFORM, LET'S UNDERSTAND
ABOUT 'CLOUD COMPUTING' FIRST:

66. Most companies use data centers because of the availability of cost forecasting,
hardware certainty, and advanced control. However, they lack the necessary
features to run and maintain resources in the data center. GCP, on the other side,
is a fully-featured cloud platform that includes:
•Capacity: Sufficient resources for easy scaling whenever required. Also, effective
management of those resources for optimum performance.
•Security: Multi-level security options to protect resources, such as assets,
network and OS -components.
•Network Infrastructure: Number of physical, logistical, and human-resource-
related components, such as wiring, routers, switches, firewalls, load balancers,
etc.
•Support: Skilled professionals for installation, maintenance, and support.
•Bandwidth: Suitable amount of bandwidth for peak load.
•Facilities: Other infrastructure components, including physical equipment and
power resources.

68. MICROSOFT AZURE
MICROSOFT AZURE IS A CLOUD COMPUTING PLATFORM
THAT PROVIDES A WIDE VARIETY OF SERVICES THAT WE
CAN USE WITHOUT PURCHASING AND ARRANGING OUR
HARDWARE.
IT ENABLES THE FAST DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTIONS AND
PROVIDES THE RESOURCES TO COMPLETE TASKS THAT
MAY NOT BE ACHIEVABLE IN AN ON-PREMISES
ENVIRONMENT.
AZURE SERVICES LIKE COMPUTE, STORAGE, NETWORK,
AND APPLICATION SERVICES ALLOW US TO PUT OUR
EFFORT INTO BUILDING GREAT SOLUTIONS WITHOUT
WORRYING ABOUT THE ASSEMBLY OF PHYSICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE.

69. Azure Services
•Compute services: It includes the Microsoft Azure Cloud Services, Azure Virtual
Machines, Azure Website, and Azure Mobile Services, which processes the data on the
cloud with the help of powerful processors.
•Data services: This service is used to store data over the cloud that can be scaled
according to the requirements. It includes Microsoft Azure Storage (Blob, Queue Table,
and Azure File services), Azure SQL Database, and the Redis Cache.
•Application services: It includes services, which help us to build and operate our
application, like the Azure Active Directory, Service Bus for connecting distributed
systems, HDInsight for processing big data, the Azure Scheduler, and the Azure Media
Services.
•Network services: It helps you to connect with the cloud and on-premises infrastructure,
which includes Virtual Networks, Azure Content Delivery Network, and the Azure Traffic
Manager.

70. SALESFO
RCE
SALESFORCE IS ONE OF THE BEST CLOUD-
BASED CRM PLATFORMS.
IT IS AN INTEGRATED CRM PLATFORM THAT
PROVIDES A SINGLE SHARED VIEW OF EACH
CUSTOMER FOR ALL THE DEPARTMENTS
WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION, SUCH AS
MARKETING, SALES, COMMERCE, AND
SERVICE.
OUR SALESFORCE TUTORIAL IS DESIGNED TO
HELP BEGINNERS WITH THE SALESFORCE AND
PROFESSIONALS' BASIC CONCEPTS WITH
ADVANCED CONCEPTS.
IN THIS, WE WILL COVER ALL THE ESSENTIAL
TOPICS OF SALESFORCE FROM BEGINNING TO
APEX DEVELOPMENT.