Many Muslims often criticize the Mystics, most especially those renowned with ecstatic statements. Shaykh Jamiu Bulala belonged to this realm, many have yearned about his biography, thus, this is an excerpt from my Undergraduate Thesis. It is hoped that after thorough analysis of the Sage, one will be left to decide as to whether Tasawwuf is Shari'ah compliant or Bid'ah. ENJOY!
1) Hijrah is obligatory for those unable to manifest or establish their religion and able to migrate.
2) It is not obligatory for those with difficulty migrating, like the weak, sick, or those forced to remain.
3) It is recommended for those able to practice their religion where they are.
4) The Prophet (SAW) and companions migrated to escape persecution in Makkah and establish Islam freely in Madina with Muslim protection. This set the example for obligatory hijrah.
This document discusses the four sources of Islamic law (Shariah):
1. The Quran, which was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad over 23 years and provides spiritual, moral and legal guidance.
2. The Sunnah (traditions and practices of the Prophet), which are recorded in hadith collections and clarify or supplement the Quran.
3. Ijma, which refers to consensus among Islamic scholars.
4. Qiyas (analogical reasoning), which is used when no guidance is available in the Quran or Sunnah by applying logic and reasoning.
The document then provides details on the definition and types of divine revelation (Wahi), the compilation of the Q
Mecca is the holiest city in Islam, located in Saudi Arabia. It is the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and the location of the Kaaba, the most sacred site in Islam. All Muslims are expected to make a pilgrimage to Mecca called the Hajj at least once in their lifetime if able. The Grand Mosque surrounds the Kaaba and is the largest mosque in the world. The nearby Jabal al-Nour mountain is where Muhammad is believed to have received his first revelation from God.
Imam Bukhari dedicated his life to compiling an authentic collection of hadiths or sayings of the Prophet Muhammad. He traveled extensively to collect narrations and verify their chains of transmission. After 16 years of rigorous work, he produced his compilation Sahih al-Bukhari, containing over 7,000 hadiths that he determined to be authentic. Imam Bukhari established criteria for evaluating hadith authenticity to distinguish genuine narrations from forged ones. His compilation is regarded as one of the most trusted collections of hadiths in Islam due to his meticulous verification process.
The documents discuss Muhammad's experiences receiving revelation, including:
1) Muhammad's childhood wet nurse feared he was possessed by a demon.
2) Muhammad wore a talisman to ward off the evil eye and was visited by Gabriel.
3) Revelation came to Muhammad like a ringing bell and his face would change color.
4) At the cave of Hira, an angel squeezed Muhammad and told him to read.
The document discusses the Islamic definition of bid'ah (innovation in religion) and provides details on recognizing and eradicating bid'ah according to Islamic scholars. It defines bid'ah as any form of worship that was not practiced during the time of Prophet Muhammad and his companions. The document outlines general rules for identifying bid'ah, reasons it occurs, dangers it poses, and rebuttals to claims used to justify it. It emphasizes adhering strictly to the Quran and hadiths and warns against deviating from the way of the Prophet and early Muslims.
Prophet at the time of marriage with Khadija (ra)? 25
Prophet attained the Prophethood at the age of? 40
Prophet passed away at the age of? 63
How old was Prophet when his mother died? 6
Under whose custody Prophet came after the death of his Grand Father? Abu Talib
With which names Prophet was known in Makkah even before Prophethood? Sadiq and Ameen
Prophet started going to which cave to spend time before Prophethood? Cave of Hira
How many daughters Prophet had? 4
What happened to the sons of Prophet? All sons died in their infancy
1) Hijrah is obligatory for those unable to manifest or establish their religion and able to migrate.
2) It is not obligatory for those with difficulty migrating, like the weak, sick, or those forced to remain.
3) It is recommended for those able to practice their religion where they are.
4) The Prophet (SAW) and companions migrated to escape persecution in Makkah and establish Islam freely in Madina with Muslim protection. This set the example for obligatory hijrah.
This document discusses the four sources of Islamic law (Shariah):
1. The Quran, which was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad over 23 years and provides spiritual, moral and legal guidance.
2. The Sunnah (traditions and practices of the Prophet), which are recorded in hadith collections and clarify or supplement the Quran.
3. Ijma, which refers to consensus among Islamic scholars.
4. Qiyas (analogical reasoning), which is used when no guidance is available in the Quran or Sunnah by applying logic and reasoning.
The document then provides details on the definition and types of divine revelation (Wahi), the compilation of the Q
Mecca is the holiest city in Islam, located in Saudi Arabia. It is the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and the location of the Kaaba, the most sacred site in Islam. All Muslims are expected to make a pilgrimage to Mecca called the Hajj at least once in their lifetime if able. The Grand Mosque surrounds the Kaaba and is the largest mosque in the world. The nearby Jabal al-Nour mountain is where Muhammad is believed to have received his first revelation from God.
Imam Bukhari dedicated his life to compiling an authentic collection of hadiths or sayings of the Prophet Muhammad. He traveled extensively to collect narrations and verify their chains of transmission. After 16 years of rigorous work, he produced his compilation Sahih al-Bukhari, containing over 7,000 hadiths that he determined to be authentic. Imam Bukhari established criteria for evaluating hadith authenticity to distinguish genuine narrations from forged ones. His compilation is regarded as one of the most trusted collections of hadiths in Islam due to his meticulous verification process.
The documents discuss Muhammad's experiences receiving revelation, including:
1) Muhammad's childhood wet nurse feared he was possessed by a demon.
2) Muhammad wore a talisman to ward off the evil eye and was visited by Gabriel.
3) Revelation came to Muhammad like a ringing bell and his face would change color.
4) At the cave of Hira, an angel squeezed Muhammad and told him to read.
The document discusses the Islamic definition of bid'ah (innovation in religion) and provides details on recognizing and eradicating bid'ah according to Islamic scholars. It defines bid'ah as any form of worship that was not practiced during the time of Prophet Muhammad and his companions. The document outlines general rules for identifying bid'ah, reasons it occurs, dangers it poses, and rebuttals to claims used to justify it. It emphasizes adhering strictly to the Quran and hadiths and warns against deviating from the way of the Prophet and early Muslims.
Prophet at the time of marriage with Khadija (ra)? 25
Prophet attained the Prophethood at the age of? 40
Prophet passed away at the age of? 63
How old was Prophet when his mother died? 6
Under whose custody Prophet came after the death of his Grand Father? Abu Talib
With which names Prophet was known in Makkah even before Prophethood? Sadiq and Ameen
Prophet started going to which cave to spend time before Prophethood? Cave of Hira
How many daughters Prophet had? 4
What happened to the sons of Prophet? All sons died in their infancy
The conquest of Mecca/Makkah (Arabic: فتح مكة fatḥ makkah) was the conquering of the town of Mecca/Makkah by Muslims led by the Holy Prophet Muhammad in December 629 or January 630 AD[3][4] (Julian), 10–20 Ramadan, 8 AH.[3] The conquest marked the end of the wars between the followers of Holy Prophet Muhammad and the Quraysh tribe.
Khadijah (Allah be pleased with her), one of the best women in history. A wife of our beloved Prophet Muhammad (saw) and who was the first to accept his Message. The Qur'an makes reference to her and The Prophet (saw) spoke highly of her in his narrations.
Salat-ul-Musafir is the shortened prayer that travelling Muslims can perform. It allows travellers to shorten prayers from 4 to 2 rak'ahs and combine certain obligatory prayers, such as combining Dhuhr and 'Asr, and Maghrib and Isha'. Only the four rak'ah prayers of Dhuhr, 'Asr, and Isha' can be shortened. To be considered a traveller allowing these practices, one must be at least 80 km from their home. The document provides examples of the niyyah for shortened and combined prayers.
Lessons from the story of Prophet Yusuf / Josephabdulg99
A reflection on the amazing lessons from the life of the Prophet Yusuf as narrated in the Holy Qur'an - http://quran.com/12 - and explained by classical and modern Islamic scholars.
The document summarizes the Battle of Hunayn which took place in 8 AH. The Hawazen and Thaqif tribes gathered a large army to attack the Muslims in Mecca. The Prophet Muhammad led the Muslim army of 12,000 men to confront the enemy force of 20,000 men in the valley of Hunayn. The Muslims were initially ambushed and their army fell into chaos, but the Prophet remained standing firm. With the help of returning companions, the battle was reorganized and the Muslims eventually defeated the Hawazen and Thaqif tribes, chasing after the remnants. After gathering spoils, the Prophet divided them in Jurana before returning to Madina.
1. The document details the conquest of Mecca by the Prophet Muhammad and 10,000 Muslim fighters in the 8th year after the Hijra.
2. It describes the preparations for the conquest, including sending out decoy troops to distract enemies while the main Muslim force secretly moved towards Mecca.
3. Upon arriving in Mecca, the Muslim troops encountered little resistance as the city surrendered to the Prophet. The idols in the Kaaba were destroyed and the people of Mecca pledged obedience to the Prophet.
This document summarizes part 1 of the story of Prophet Musa (peace be upon him) according to the Quran. It discusses Musa's birth and how he was saved from being killed by Pharaoh's order to kill all newborn male Israelites. It describes how Musa's mother put him in a basket in the river, how Pharaoh's wife found and adopted him, and how he was eventually returned to his real mother to be nursed. It provides important context about the Israelites in Egypt at the time and Pharaoh's oppression of them.
Its name derived from the word wan-nazi`at with which the Surah opens.
Period of Revelation
According to Abdullah bin Abbas, this Surah was sent down after Surah An-Naba.
Surah An-Nazi’at (chapter 79 of the Qur’an) was revealed in Makkah.
Like other early Makkan Surahs, this Surah also focuses on:
a) Oneness of Allah (Tawheed), with an emphasis on Allah’s power to Create and Resurrect
b) Messengership (Risalat), with an emphasis on the consequences of those who deny the Messengers of Allah out of arrogance
c) Life after death (Akhirat)
.
The document summarizes the key events and sermons from the Prophet Muhammad's final Hajj pilgrimage, known as Hajjat al-Wada. It describes the Prophet gathering a large number of companions in Madinah and traveling to Makkah. There, he performed the Hajj rituals and delivered a historic sermon announcing several new Islamic laws and policies, including confirming the sanctity of life, abolishing usury and blood feuds, and prohibiting adding months to the Islamic calendar.
Slideshow presentation of the meaning and background information for Surat Al-Nasr. This is a great resource for Islamic Studies and Quran teachers to use in the classroom.
For a free digital copy and worksheets, DM quran4kidz on Instagram.
The document provides an introduction to an Islamic activity book for children, outlining its purpose of teaching Islam to children in an interesting and informative way using activities, stories and puzzles. It includes endorsements from Islamic scholars praising the educational goals and benefits of the book for young Muslims.
Important Events in the History of Islam in Muharram by hmftj
Authentic Ibadaat (Worship) of Muharram
Fasting in Muharram (any day)
Fasting on 10th Muharram and combining it with the fast of 9th Muharram to distinguish from the Jews.
This presentation provide a brief introduction of hadith, historyh of its compilation its authority. It provides evidence of hadith being wahi as well and blessing for those who follows hadith and punishment for thhose who does not.
Khushoo is a state of humility, tranquility and focus during prayer that helps one gain closeness to Allah. It is important to develop khushoo to fully benefit from salah and gain Allah's forgiveness. The document provides ways to improve khushoo, such as preparing properly for prayer, avoiding distractions, reciting Quran with reflection, looking at the place of prostration and praying to Allah for khushoo. Developing khushoo makes prayer easy and leads to rewards like forgiveness.
This document discusses the Islamic concept of hijab and provides guidance on what constitutes proper hijab according to the Quran and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. It explains that hijab is not just about head covering but is a complete way of life that involves modesty in dress, speech, and behavior. The document outlines Islamic rules for women regarding interactions with non-mahram men, makeup, fragrances, clothing, walking, lowering the gaze, and more.
Ramadan is the ninth month in the Islamic calendar. During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn to dusk and only eat one meal in the evening called Iftar. They fast to worship Allah by practicing self-control and gratitude. The document provides guidance on how children should behave during Ramadan by helping their parents, reading Quran, praying, and avoiding distracting activities.
APPLICATION OF 'SCIENCE OF NUMBER' TO PRAYERSIsmaheel Bakare
This document discusses the numerical significance of certain Qur'anic and prophetic supplications. It notes that the most superior statements according to hadith are "Laa ilaaha illallah" and "Alhamdu lillah". When combined, these statements numerically equal 313, which is significant as it corresponds to the number of Allah's messengers and those who participated in the Battle of Badr. The document explores other numerical correlations between 313 and Qur'anic verses. It aims to demonstrate the miraculous arrangement of Allah's words through this application of the science of numbers.
This presentation was given in The Gambia on January 31st, 2010 by Dr. Umar Faruq Abd-Allah, Chairman of the Board & Scholar-in-Residence at the Nawawi Foundation.
The title is “African Muslim Roots in Ancient America: Historical Vestiges of the Great Sea Journey of Mansa Kankan Abu Bakr II (ca. 712 H/1312 CE)”.
The conquest of Mecca/Makkah (Arabic: فتح مكة fatḥ makkah) was the conquering of the town of Mecca/Makkah by Muslims led by the Holy Prophet Muhammad in December 629 or January 630 AD[3][4] (Julian), 10–20 Ramadan, 8 AH.[3] The conquest marked the end of the wars between the followers of Holy Prophet Muhammad and the Quraysh tribe.
Khadijah (Allah be pleased with her), one of the best women in history. A wife of our beloved Prophet Muhammad (saw) and who was the first to accept his Message. The Qur'an makes reference to her and The Prophet (saw) spoke highly of her in his narrations.
Salat-ul-Musafir is the shortened prayer that travelling Muslims can perform. It allows travellers to shorten prayers from 4 to 2 rak'ahs and combine certain obligatory prayers, such as combining Dhuhr and 'Asr, and Maghrib and Isha'. Only the four rak'ah prayers of Dhuhr, 'Asr, and Isha' can be shortened. To be considered a traveller allowing these practices, one must be at least 80 km from their home. The document provides examples of the niyyah for shortened and combined prayers.
Lessons from the story of Prophet Yusuf / Josephabdulg99
A reflection on the amazing lessons from the life of the Prophet Yusuf as narrated in the Holy Qur'an - http://quran.com/12 - and explained by classical and modern Islamic scholars.
The document summarizes the Battle of Hunayn which took place in 8 AH. The Hawazen and Thaqif tribes gathered a large army to attack the Muslims in Mecca. The Prophet Muhammad led the Muslim army of 12,000 men to confront the enemy force of 20,000 men in the valley of Hunayn. The Muslims were initially ambushed and their army fell into chaos, but the Prophet remained standing firm. With the help of returning companions, the battle was reorganized and the Muslims eventually defeated the Hawazen and Thaqif tribes, chasing after the remnants. After gathering spoils, the Prophet divided them in Jurana before returning to Madina.
1. The document details the conquest of Mecca by the Prophet Muhammad and 10,000 Muslim fighters in the 8th year after the Hijra.
2. It describes the preparations for the conquest, including sending out decoy troops to distract enemies while the main Muslim force secretly moved towards Mecca.
3. Upon arriving in Mecca, the Muslim troops encountered little resistance as the city surrendered to the Prophet. The idols in the Kaaba were destroyed and the people of Mecca pledged obedience to the Prophet.
This document summarizes part 1 of the story of Prophet Musa (peace be upon him) according to the Quran. It discusses Musa's birth and how he was saved from being killed by Pharaoh's order to kill all newborn male Israelites. It describes how Musa's mother put him in a basket in the river, how Pharaoh's wife found and adopted him, and how he was eventually returned to his real mother to be nursed. It provides important context about the Israelites in Egypt at the time and Pharaoh's oppression of them.
Its name derived from the word wan-nazi`at with which the Surah opens.
Period of Revelation
According to Abdullah bin Abbas, this Surah was sent down after Surah An-Naba.
Surah An-Nazi’at (chapter 79 of the Qur’an) was revealed in Makkah.
Like other early Makkan Surahs, this Surah also focuses on:
a) Oneness of Allah (Tawheed), with an emphasis on Allah’s power to Create and Resurrect
b) Messengership (Risalat), with an emphasis on the consequences of those who deny the Messengers of Allah out of arrogance
c) Life after death (Akhirat)
.
The document summarizes the key events and sermons from the Prophet Muhammad's final Hajj pilgrimage, known as Hajjat al-Wada. It describes the Prophet gathering a large number of companions in Madinah and traveling to Makkah. There, he performed the Hajj rituals and delivered a historic sermon announcing several new Islamic laws and policies, including confirming the sanctity of life, abolishing usury and blood feuds, and prohibiting adding months to the Islamic calendar.
Slideshow presentation of the meaning and background information for Surat Al-Nasr. This is a great resource for Islamic Studies and Quran teachers to use in the classroom.
For a free digital copy and worksheets, DM quran4kidz on Instagram.
The document provides an introduction to an Islamic activity book for children, outlining its purpose of teaching Islam to children in an interesting and informative way using activities, stories and puzzles. It includes endorsements from Islamic scholars praising the educational goals and benefits of the book for young Muslims.
Important Events in the History of Islam in Muharram by hmftj
Authentic Ibadaat (Worship) of Muharram
Fasting in Muharram (any day)
Fasting on 10th Muharram and combining it with the fast of 9th Muharram to distinguish from the Jews.
This presentation provide a brief introduction of hadith, historyh of its compilation its authority. It provides evidence of hadith being wahi as well and blessing for those who follows hadith and punishment for thhose who does not.
Khushoo is a state of humility, tranquility and focus during prayer that helps one gain closeness to Allah. It is important to develop khushoo to fully benefit from salah and gain Allah's forgiveness. The document provides ways to improve khushoo, such as preparing properly for prayer, avoiding distractions, reciting Quran with reflection, looking at the place of prostration and praying to Allah for khushoo. Developing khushoo makes prayer easy and leads to rewards like forgiveness.
This document discusses the Islamic concept of hijab and provides guidance on what constitutes proper hijab according to the Quran and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. It explains that hijab is not just about head covering but is a complete way of life that involves modesty in dress, speech, and behavior. The document outlines Islamic rules for women regarding interactions with non-mahram men, makeup, fragrances, clothing, walking, lowering the gaze, and more.
Ramadan is the ninth month in the Islamic calendar. During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn to dusk and only eat one meal in the evening called Iftar. They fast to worship Allah by practicing self-control and gratitude. The document provides guidance on how children should behave during Ramadan by helping their parents, reading Quran, praying, and avoiding distracting activities.
APPLICATION OF 'SCIENCE OF NUMBER' TO PRAYERSIsmaheel Bakare
This document discusses the numerical significance of certain Qur'anic and prophetic supplications. It notes that the most superior statements according to hadith are "Laa ilaaha illallah" and "Alhamdu lillah". When combined, these statements numerically equal 313, which is significant as it corresponds to the number of Allah's messengers and those who participated in the Battle of Badr. The document explores other numerical correlations between 313 and Qur'anic verses. It aims to demonstrate the miraculous arrangement of Allah's words through this application of the science of numbers.
This presentation was given in The Gambia on January 31st, 2010 by Dr. Umar Faruq Abd-Allah, Chairman of the Board & Scholar-in-Residence at the Nawawi Foundation.
The title is “African Muslim Roots in Ancient America: Historical Vestiges of the Great Sea Journey of Mansa Kankan Abu Bakr II (ca. 712 H/1312 CE)”.
One of the controversial issues in Islam is the case of women and mosque attendance. Hence, this piece aims at shedding some light on the position of the Shari'ah regarding it.
Abu Bakr was a close companion of the Prophet Muhammad who was the first Muslim caliph. He helped establish order after the Prophet's death and defended against those who claimed prophethood. Umar succeeded Abu Bakr as caliph and continued the Muslim conquests, expanding Islamic rule into Roman and Persian lands including Egypt and Damascus. During Umar's reign, the Islamic state reached its greatest territorial extent yet but he was assassinated in 644 CE by a Persian man.
This document provides an introduction to corporate real estate management (CREM) with a focus on the business perspective. It defines corporate real estate and CREM, and discusses CREM strategies, organization structure, performance measurement, and risk management. Specifically, it outlines CREM strategic planning, which facilitates aligning real estate strategies with overall business strategies. It also discusses CREM organization structures, including decentralized, centralized, and wholly-owned subsidiary models. Finally, it notes CREM involves measuring performance to optimize value and managing risks and assets.
Omar ibn Al Khattab originally fiercely opposed Islam but converted after hearing recitations of the Quran at his sister's house. He went to Muhammad and declared his belief, strengthening early Islam. As a devoted Muslim, Omar felt the pain of other Muslims as part of the Ummah, or Muslim community. He proclaimed his new faith openly despite facing attacks, and through him Islam gained strength. Omar was one of Muhammad's closest companions and helped establish Islam.
IBN MASHISH
Abdusalam, son of Mashish
SPIRITUAL TEACHER OF
AL SHAZLI
A WESTERNER’S SPIRITUAL JOURNEY
TO THE EAST
IBN BASHISH
Abdusalam, son of Bashish
SPIRITUAL TEACHER OF
AL SHAZLI
“The Martyr, the Universal Spiritual-Pivot (Qutb) of his time”
“Abdulsalam ibn Bashish, his rank in Morocco was like to that of Shafee in Egypt” Supreme Justice ibn Iyad
1) The book is an English translation of Imam Ghazzali's work that deals with worship and divine service. Imam Ghazzali was an influential 12th century Islamic scholar and theologian. 2) After studying under several teachers, Ghazzali took a position lecturing at a prestigious school but later turned to Sufism after experiencing a crisis of faith. 3) He composed "Ihya Ulum-ud-Din" as his magnum opus to revive religious sciences in Islam and address what he saw as deviant ideas, drawing
This document provides an introduction to the Islamic legal theory of fiqh. It defines fiqh as the regulations of Islamic law derived from the Quran, Hadith, consensus and analogy. It discusses the main topics and tools of fiqh and notes that learning fiqh is obligatory. It also outlines the four main schools of fiqh (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali) and provides brief biographies of their founding imams, including Abu Hanifa, Malik ibn Anas, and Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i. It describes how each imam contributed to the development and spread of Islamic jurisprudence.
Imam Shafi'i was a prominent Islamic scholar and jurist who founded the Shafi'i school of thought, one of the major legal schools of Sunni Islam. Some key points:
- He was born in Gaza in 767 CE and died in Cairo in 820 CE. He studied under Imam Malik and others and developed his own legal methodology.
- He authored several influential works on Islamic jurisprudence including Al-Risalah and Al-Umm. His school of thought focuses on the Quran, hadith, consensus, and analogy.
- The Shafi'i madhhab is most prominent in East Africa, Yemen, Indonesia, Malaysia and other parts
1. Imam Bukhari was born in 194 AH in Bukhara and became one of the greatest narrators of Hadith in Islam. He began learning Hadith at a young age and had an extraordinary memory.
2. Imam Bukhari extensively traveled to learn from great scholars and discuss Hadith. He spent 16 years compiling his most famous work, Sahih al-Bukhari, in which he collected over 7,000 authentic Hadiths after scrutinizing over 60,000 narrations.
3. Imam Bukhari made an immense contribution to the science of Hadith documentation and authentication. However, he faced persecution and jealousy from some scholars and was eventually banished from
1) The article describes a meeting between the author and Shaykh Ibrahim Niasse, a renowned Sufi scholar from Senegal.
2) It recounts how Shaykh Niasse inspired the conversion of a Catholic priest from Nigeria, who embraced Islam and took the name Ibrahim Niasse after meeting the Shaykh.
3) The author was impressed by Shaykh Niasse during their meeting in Ghana, finding him to be a highly dignified and well-learned figure who advised President Kwame Nkrumah.
The document summarizes key events in the life of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from his birth and upbringing in Mecca, to his prophethood, opposition from the Quraysh tribe, persecution of his followers, the hijra (migration) to Medina, and establishment of the first Muslim community there. Some of the major events discussed include the Prophet's marriage to Khadija, the first revelation, opposition from the Quraysh which increased persecution of Muslims, the migration of some Muslims to Abyssinia to escape persecution, the boycott of Banu Hashim clan, the Prophet's journey to Taif where he was rejected, and the two Pledges of
The poem discusses three pivotal topics in Islamic theology and spirituality: the doctrine of Imam Ash'ari concerning creed ('aqidah), the jurisprudence of Imam Malik concerning Islamic law (fiqh), and the spiritual path of Imam Junayd al-Baghdadi concerning moral refinement (tasawwuf). The author composed the poem in poetic form to benefit the unsophisticated by introducing them to these essential Islamic sciences.
The statements are asking about:
1. Surah Al-Fatihah - It is the first chapter of the Quran.
2. Bedouins - They are the tent-living nomads or dessert wanderers.
3. Hadith - It is the traditional reports or sayings of Muhammad and his followers that supplement the teachings of the Quran.
This document defines I'tikaf linguistically and religiously, and outlines its objectives and status in Islam according to scholarly consensus. I'tikaf involves confining oneself to a mosque for worship and is encouraged, especially during the last ten days of Ramadan. The document details prerequisites for valid I'tikaf including intention and location in a mosque. A suggested daily routine for I'tikaf focuses on Quran recitation, reflection, prayer and lectures to maximize spiritual benefits. While ten days of I'tikaf is ideal, the practice is valid even for a single night.
Da’wah methods applied by Shaykh Uthman bn Foduwe for the reformation of Musl...inventionjournals
This research is on the da’wah struggle and its methods which were applied by Shaykh Uthman
bn foduwe for the reformation of Muslim communities in Hausa land in Northern Nigeria. The research has
shed more light on the people’s favourable mass response to the Shaykh’s da’wah which led to the total reform
of the society (Tajdid) and establishment of a Caliphate known as Sokoto caliphate.
Islam its meaning for modern man by Muhammad Zafrullah Khanmuzaffertahir9
Islam its meaning for modern man by Muhammad Zafrullah Khan
Publisher’s Note
HERE IS THE BEST available introduction to the
history, beliefs, and practices of one of the world’s
most widely-held religions. This book provides an
inside view of a faith that commands the devotion of
nearly one-eighth of the world’s population: moulds
the way of life of countries in the vital crescent from
Malaysia to Morocco: competes strongly with the
Christian missions, especially in Africa and is of
increasing importance in America, particularly among
minority groups.
When the book was first published in 1962,
Aziz S. Atiya of the Center for Intercultural Studies,
University of Utah, wrote that it “fulfils a crying need
for a sound work of scholarship which interprets
Islam from within rather than from without. It is
written with a closely-knit plan, in eloquent style, and
with genuine feeling.”
Islam: Its Meaning for Modern Man is lively in
language, describes Islamic religious practices in full,
and presents in a moving style the basic beliefs of
Moslems. Through this book, people of today can
gain a clear appreciation of the faith that has inspired millions to follow the Prophet’s teachings for thirteen
centuries.
Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan was President of
the 17th session of the General Assembly of the United
Nations. A distinguished scholar in world religions, he
is a member of the Ahmadiyya Movement, a
missionary branch of Islam. He has served as
President and Judge of the International Court of
Justice in The Hague, and as Foreign Minister of
Pakistan. For many years he led the Pakistan
Delegation to the General Assembly of the United
Nations.
Explanatory Note
THIS BRIEF EXPOSITION OF THE PRINCIPLES
AND teachings of Islam is based upon the Quran, the
Scripture of Islam. The explanations and illustrations
furnished by the Prophet of Islam have also been
drawn upon. Together these constitute the most
authentic source material on Islam.
Except when otherwise indicated, all references
are to the Quran. Every chapter of the Quran, with the
exception of Chapter 9, which is considered a
continuation of Chapter 8, opens with the verse: “In
the name of Allah, Ever Gracious, Most Merciful.”
The verse is, in each case, part of the revelation. In
most translations, however, this opening verse is not
counted in the numbering of the verses of any given
chapter. This incorrect method of numbering has not
been followed in this volume. The system of
numbering used herein starts with the opening verse
and proceeds accordingly.
There are several English translations of the
Quran. No particular translation has been uniformly
followed in this volume. As Professor Arthur J.
Arberry of Cambridge, England, has pointed out in the Preface to The Koran Interpreted, the Islamic
Scripture is, strictly speaking, untranslatable. Each
verse, indeed each phrase, is rich in meaning, has
several facets, and must
This document provides an introduction to Muslim Saints and Mystics by Farid al-Din Attar. It discusses the origins and growth of Sufism as the mystical movement within Islam. It highlights the important role of Persia in the development of Sufism, with figures like Ebrahim ibn Adham, Abu Yazid al-Bestami, and others playing key roles in establishing Sufism in places like Khorasan and Balkh. It also discusses the rise of Persian Sufi literature and the use of poetic forms like the ghazal, roba'i, and qasida to express mystical themes of love for God.
Shah Wali Ullah was an 18th century Indian Islamic scholar who wrote extensively on religion and society. He was born in 1703 in Phulat, India to a family with ancestry tracing back to the Prophet Muhammad. He received an early and rigorous education, completing formal schooling at age 15. He spent time studying in Arabia and had a vision inspiring him to return to India to reform Muslims. Shah Wali Ullah wrote over 50 books in Arabic and Persian on topics including Quran interpretation, Hadith, jurisprudence, philosophy, and Sufism. He is renowned for integrating secular and religious knowledge and advocating for an organized Muslim community.
Explanation of Usool Ath Thalatha by Shaykh Ibnul 'UthaymeenNerd Of ...
The document summarizes the three fundamental principles of Islam according to Shaykh Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhaab:
1) Tawheed (monotheism) - Singling out Allah alone for worship and not associating any partners with Him.
2) Obeying the messenger Muhammad and following his teachings.
3) Not taking disbelievers as allies or friends, even if they are family, if they oppose Allah and His messenger.
The document then provides further explanation and scriptural evidence for each of these three principles from the Quran. It emphasizes that the purpose of creation is to worship Allah alone through tawheed and avoiding shirk (polytheism).
'Abd-ar-Rahman ibn 'Awf was one of the earliest converts to Islam. He endured persecution in Mecca but remained steadfast in his faith. After migrating to Medina, the Prophet Muhammad bound him in brotherhood with Sa'd ibn Rabi'ah. 'Abd-ar-Rahman engaged in business and prospered. Though wealthy, he gave a modest dowry. He fought bravely at the Battle of Badr. 'Abd-ar-Rahman remained deeply devoted to Islam and generously gave of his wealth throughout his life.
Holy Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W) -the-last-prophet-a-model-for-all-timeInvisible_Vision
The Ka'bah in Makkah was originally built by Ibrahim and Isma'il to be dedicated to the worship of Allah alone. Over time, the Arabs had abandoned monotheism and instead worshipped numerous idols. When the Prophet Muhammad was born, the Ka'bah contained over 360 idols and the Quraysh tribe, who were descendants of Ibrahim and guardians of the Ka'bah, had become immersed in idolatry and pagan traditions. Makkah was home to the annual pilgrimage where people would come to worship idols.
The document provides background information on the history and leadership of the Baha'i Faith, beginning with the Bab and Baha'u'llah. It discusses the lives and roles of Abdul Baha, the first Guardian Shoghi Effendi, and the succession of the second and third Guardians - Mason Remey and Joel Marangella. It describes the establishment of the embryonic Universal House of Justice and International Baha'i Councils.
Explanation of the three fundamental principles of islaamShahedur
This document provides a summary of three fundamental principles of Islam according to Shaykh Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhaab:
1) Belief in Allah as the sole creator and provider, and that messengers were sent to guide humanity to obedience and paradise or disobedience and hell.
2) Belief that Allah alone deserves to be worshipped and nothing else should be associated with Him.
3) Belief that true believers must not have friendship or alliance with those who oppose Allah and His messenger, even if they are family. The document then explains the first principle in more detail.
The Hope of Salvation - Jude 1:24-25 - MessageCole Hartman
Jude gives us hope at the end of a dark letter. In a dark world like today, we need the light of Christ to shine brighter and brighter. Jude shows us where to fix our focus so we can be filled with God's goodness and glory. Join us to explore this incredible passage.
The forces involved in this witchcraft spell will re-establish the loving bond between you and help to build a strong, loving relationship from which to start anew. Despite any previous hardships or problems, the spell work will re-establish the strong bonds of friendship and love upon which the marriage and relationship originated. Have faith, these stop divorce and stop separation spells are extremely powerful and will reconnect you and your partner in a strong and harmonious relationship.
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2 Peter 3: Because some scriptures are hard to understand and some will force them to say things God never intended, Peter warns us to take care.
https://youtu.be/nV4kGHFsEHw
A Free eBook ~ Valuable LIFE Lessons to Learn ( 5 Sets of Presentations)...OH TEIK BIN
A free eBook comprising 5 sets of PowerPoint presentations of meaningful stories /Inspirational pieces that teach important Dhamma/Life lessons. For reflection and practice to develop the mind to grow in love, compassion and wisdom. The texts are in English and Chinese.
My other free eBooks can be obtained from the following Links:
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/presentations
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/documents
Why is this So? ~ Do Seek to KNOW (English & Chinese).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma teaching of Kamma-Vipaka (Intentional Actions-Ripening Effects).
A Presentation for developing morality, concentration and wisdom and to spur us to practice the Dhamma diligently.
The texts are in English and Chinese.
Discover various methods for clearing negative entities from your space and spirit, including energy clearing techniques, spiritual rituals, and professional assistance. Gain practical knowledge on how to implement these techniques to restore peace and harmony. For more information visit here: https://www.reikihealingdistance.com/negative-entity-removal/
A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...franktsao4
It seems that current missionary work requires spending a lot of money, preparing a lot of materials, and traveling to far away places, so that it feels like missionary work. But what was the result they brought back? It's just a lot of photos of activities, fun eating, drinking and some playing games. And then we have to do the same thing next year, never ending. The church once mentioned that a certain missionary would go to the field where she used to work before the end of his life. It seemed that if she had not gone, no one would be willing to go. The reason why these missionary work is so difficult is that no one obeys God’s words, and the Bible is not the main content during missionary work, because in the eyes of those who do not obey God’s words, the Bible is just words and cannot be connected with life, so Reading out God's words is boring because it doesn't have any life experience, so it cannot be connected with human life. I will give a few examples in the hope that this situation can be changed. A375
A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...
Shaykh Bulala's Biography
1. THE BIOGRAPHY OF SHAYKH JAMI`U BULALA.
HIS BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD.
Shaykh Jami`u was born in Offa,but his date of birth is obscure.While some claimed that he
was born around March 1919,others say he was born in 1916,it was even gathered that Shaykh
himself claimed that he was born in 19161.
However,be that as it may be,majority of the historians were of the opinion that he was born
in 19192.There were many mysteries connected to his birth,among which are;that he laughed on
the day he was born which is a strange occurence among new born babies.It was also gathered
that he possessed two navels when he was born but disappeared immediately to avoid public
notice3.
Though Shaykh was born at Offa,he was a native of Ogbomoso in Oyo state of Nigeria.His
father Akanmu Iji was reported to have belonged to Baale Lagbedu’s compound in Ogbomoso
and this explains the reason why he was able to marry a princess.Shaykh’s mother was Princess
Oyebimpe,daugher of Oba Atoloyetele of Offa(1888-1906).Both parties met when Akanmu was
in Offa for his daily livelihood.He was a railway worker in the town by then.Both parents were
pagans.His mother especially was an Osun worshipper.This could be the reason for naming their
son Osundare4.
Before and after the birth of a child in Yorubaland in those days,it was the practice then to
consult the Oracle to know what the future held for the child.It was predicted to Shaykh’s parents
that the pregnancy carried by the mother would be a male child who would acquire knowledge of
the new religion(as Islam was being called then).Also that the child in question will have the
ablility to know what he was not even taught and many people would be blessed through him5.
Shaykh didn’t tread the path of his parents contrary to their belief system.Shaykh in his own
case was a Muslim who lived according to the dictates of the Qur’an.He believed in the oneness
of Allah.One shouldn’t be surprise that a pagan might give birth to a saint.We have seen such
example in the personality of prophet Ibrahim;
2. And (remember) when Ibrahim said to his father Azar:``Do
you take idols as alihah(gods)?Verily,I see you and your people
in manifest error.(Q6:74)6
Suffice is to say that Shaykh was born ten years after his parents married,and he was the first
child of the parents,the eldest among his siblings.Shaykh’s father died when little Shaykh was at
a tender’s age7.
Some degree of preconsciousness was found in him at a tender age.Infact,a great deal of
mystery surrounded his childhood,the reason is not far fetched because as a youth he was
renowned for obedience,hardworking and ambitiousness.He started performing many wonderful
things unlike his contemporaries like doing the job that might take many able bodied men to do
for hours in just an hour,fasting for many days in the month and loved being in seclusion any
time he was fasting without anybody teaching or directing him to do so.Also he was fond of
drawing many beautiful things on a slate without anybody teaching him how to draw it.These
among others are the distinguished instincts that were noticed in him during his childhood8.
HIS EDUCATIONAL CAREER.
As aforementioned that both Shaykh’s parents were pagans hence they could not influence
their child Islamic wise.In addition,they didnot have interest in western education also instead
they wanted the young boy to be following them to farm.
However,due to the death of his father at the tender age,Shaykh was put in the care of his
maternal uncle by name Mallam Lawal Adedeji Adegoke at Ojude’s compound in Offa.Since
this uncle was a Muslim,it was he who converted Shaykh to Islam9.It was there that he started his
Qur’anic education from a learned man who hailed from Ilorin but settled at Arogun’s compound
in Offa by name Alfa Ismail Jeje.He taught Shaykh the recitation of the Qur’an.The traditional
method of teaching was in vogue then whereby a student will start by oral chanting and
memorizing of unvocalized Qur’anic verses10.
3. Shaykh only studied half of the holy Qur’an with this cleric, i.e. thirty Ahzāb.before leaving
him. It was on record that this cleric never taught Shaykh anything twice throughout his Qur’anic
education.He had a photographic and magnetic brain.He used to read aloud from his sleeps.The
first words that usually came out of his mouth whenever he was woken up by anybody was the
very verse that he learnt last the previous day11.
Due to enthusiasm about Islamic education.Shaykh left Offa for Ilorin consequent upon his
completion of the Qur’an in the former12.He learnt from various Islamic scholars in Ilorin
prominent among whom is Shaykh Bashar Adangba.He acquired ‘ilmi from this man.He lived
with this cleric and from there he used to go to other teachers to learn.He learnt Tafsirul-Qur’an
from Alfa Baba,Agbalayiya’s compound,Oke leru.He also learnt Hisāb(arithmetics) from him,all
within a year13.
He learnt how to write Arabic words known as Khatt which later became his means of
livelihood,within six days from Alfa AbdulKarim Mosalasi Gogoro in Ilorin.Shaykh was also
reported to have said that he learnt from Alfa Ade Agbede and Alfa Musa Atere,although he
didn’t disclose the branch of knowledge he acquired from them14.
In all,he was said to have spent about fourteen years in Ilorin.He returned to Offa in 1945
consequent upon the plea of his mother to stay with her.He therefore remained in Offa till he
breathed his last.15
HIS CONTRIBUTION TO TIJANIYYAH BROTHERHOOD.
The rites of the order.
The Tijaniyyah order was founded by Shaykh ’Ahmad Tijani (d.1815 C.E) at Abu
Samghun,North Africa,in 1781 C.E..Earlier Shaykh ’Ahmad At-Tijani had been a member of
various Turuq such as Nasiraniyyah,Fazuliyah,Khalwatiyyah, and Qadiriyah.He however left all
these Turuq after he had founded his own.16.He founded his own Tariqah consequent upon his
claim to have had a mystical experience whereby the holy prophet(SAW) was said to have
appeared to him in broad day-light while he was fully conscious.He claimed that the prophet
gave him a fresh form of wird to replace the former ones in his possession.The new set of wird
4. consisted of istighfār (seeking forgiveness),al-salat ‘ala -nabbiy (seeking blessing for the
prophet) and Tahlil i.e. Lā’ilāh illa Allah.(there is no god but Allah).17These sets of prayers are
known as awrad which are prescribed as an obligation to the members of Tijaniyyah order.Those
who are initiated into the order are known as Murid(he who has made up his will),while those
who initiate them are known as Muqaddam (one who guides another).
The daily obligatory prayer are :the awrād al-lāzimah (the obligatory wird) which should be
performed twice daily,the second daily obligatory prayer which can be observed
congregationally under a leader known as Muqaddam.And lastly,the obligatory prayer known as
the Dhikr al-Jumu’ah,which is observed every Friday after Salat al-`asr till salat al-maghrib.18
His initiation into the order.
As aforementioned that Shaykh Jami`u had started leading an ascetic life from his youthful
age,sources had it that he started developing himself spiritually at the age of fifteen.This he was
able to undertake by engaging in fasting,being in seclusion,and chanting of Dhikr for many
days.The first Khalwah he did was at this age for about one year19.From this,one may rightly
deduce that Shaykh was divinely guided, in lieu of this verse thus;
Allah chooses for Himself whom He wills,and guides to Himself
who turns to Him in repentance and in obedience.(Q42:13)20
The reason for this submission is that;firstly,he was too young for that,secondly,nobody
was reported to have given him a set of prayer to be doing there and thirdly,he came from a
predominantly pagan family.
According to Tirmidh,in his ``The Theory of saints and sainthood’’,the God’s annointed
people includes messengers,prophets and masters of saints such as Muhaddathun,Siddiqun and
seal of saints.They are usually chosen rightly from their cradle21. Hence,we could say that
Shaykh Jami`u belonged to the God chosen ones,since spiritual greatness was noticed in him
right from his childhood.
5. Shaykh Jami`u continued to worship Allah devotedly,until later that he felt dissatisfied
with his religious pace and decided to travel to Ilorin where he hoped to meet great Sufi masters
who he believed would lead him to achieve his aim.He met Shaykh Bashar Adangba when he got
to Ilorin and this Shaykh initiated him in to Tariqatul-Tijaniyyah.22
Shaykh Bashar was one of the early Tijaniyyah Muqaddam in Ilorin.He was renowned for his
spiritual prowess and indept perception about Tasawwuf.
Having been Shaykh Bashar’s murid for sometime,this great Shaykh sensed a great deal of
spiritual prowess in the young Shaykh Jami`u and thus he granted Shaykh’s freedom.This can be
deduced from some of this excerpts;
Alfa Offa,you have learnt enough and what we didn’t even
teach you,I know you have instinctively known them.I bless
you and nobody shall be your teacher again from today.But
never you forget your wirid in the way of Tariqat Tijaniyyah.23
Shaykh Jami`u further went to renew his initiation(Tajdid) for the reason best known to him
from Shaykh AbdulRahman Alabidun,who is also one of the leading Tijaniyyah Muqaddam in
Ilorin.This Shaykh’s contemporaries were Alfa AbdulQadir Ayunre and Alfa Sulayman Alabi.24
However there is controversy on whether Shaykh Jami`u did Tarbiyah(spiritual training) or
not.It is generally believed by the Sufis that man cannot know God by senses because God is
immaterial.It is only through illumination,revelation and inspiration that man can know
Him25.Hence,the Sufi has a way of training a murid spiritually so that such a murid could become
a gnostic.
Majority of the sources had it that Shaykh never did Tarbiyah from any Shaykh and the
consequences of this is obvious because he later turned to a majdhub to the extent that people
thought that he was mad.26
His contribution to the order in Offa.
Shaykh Jami`u returned to Offa after accomplishing his aim in 1945 and continued his normal
way of worship in seclusion.He was reported to have stayed indoors(Khalwah) for the periods of
6. eight years,five years and eight years respectively27.One may be skeptical as in how far truthful
this is, since he has not married then.However,a verifiable sources had it that, one of his loyalists
i.e. Late Alhaji Muhammad Lawal Adeoye Oloruko of Arole’s compound, was the one taking
care of him during all these periods28.
Although prior to the return of Shaykh to Offa,there was Tijaniyyah brotherhood in
Offa.The order was introduced by one Alhaji Popo around 192629.After the demise of this
man,the order did not function effectively again because his successor did not show much
enthusiasm towards its proselytization.This could be envisaged because he deemed it fit to be
performing it individually.
However,it was Shaykh Jamiu who resuscitated the order consequent upon his return back to
Offa30.But contrarily,he didnot initiate anybody into the order,instead,he directed prospective
Muridun to his Shuyūkh in Ilorin for initiation.He turned his residence into Zawiyah.
Prominent among his loyalists who later became Muqaddamūn include;
-Late Alhaji Muhammad Awwal IbukunOlorun(d.2008),
-Late Alhaji Raji Opeloyeru(d.2012),
-Late Alhaji AbdulGaniy Azarailu(d.2010),
-Alhaji Mustapha Jeje Arogun,
-Alhaji AbdulRasheed Nkrumah31.
All these Muqaddamun played a long role in the proselytization of the Tijaniyyah order as
everyone of them has his own Zawiyah under the parasol of Shaykh Jami`u Bulala.
Suffice is to say that most of Shaykh’s loyalist held him in high esteem,to them Shaykh Jami`u
was the leader of saints after the demise of Shaykh Ibrahim Niasse of Senegal.This is more of the
reason why he was referred to Amir l awliya’ i.e(leader of saints).In one of the excerpts from his
speeches,he referred to himself as the ‘’Gawth’’ i.e a Succor32.
7. TRANSLATION.
1. Shaykh Jami`u is a unique person,
The Chief succor pleading with the exalted Lord33.
2.
I am Abdul al-Jami`, a gnostic,
I saw the apostle of Allah (Muhammad) without any doubt
3. I am the (spiritual) sun of Nigeria;others are mere stars
whenever the sun surfaces the stars disappear34.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HIS LIFESTYLE.
There is no controversy that Shaykh Jamiu lived an ascetic life.This can be deduced from his
way of life whereby he renounced all worldly ephemeral things and stuck to the remembrance of
Allah instead. However, some mysteries surround his personality,which can be deduced because
some see him as a devoted Sufi saint while others see him as a mad man.The later are of the
opinion that a saint ought not to be behaving abnormally as the Shaykh used to do when he was
alive35.
Shaykh’s abnormal behaviours range from his apparent negligence of five daily ritual
prayers,his estactic statements(Shatahat) and his mode of dressing.First and foremost,concerning
his negligence of five daily prayers,sources had it that he used to observe them whenever he was
in Khalwah(spiritual retreat),but after completion of it,he would foresake them,instead he would
direct those that are with him to go for them,claiming that he had already observed his in
Makkah36.Thus;
8. They say:Oh you,you have abandoned your ritual prayers,
Not knowing that I observe mine in Makkah37.
This statement is not peculiar to Shaykh Jami`u alone,Shaykh AbdulQadir Jilani was also
reported to have claimed that he observed his prayer at Makkah.To some extents,this statement
may sound obscure because firstly,both countries are far apart and operating in different time
zones and secondly one is bound to observe one’s prayer regardless of where such prayer
catches up with such individal.The Qur’an is explicit in this regard
Verily As salat(the prayer) is enjoined on the believers at fixed
hours’’.(Q4:103)38.
Suffice is to say that some Sufi considered their devotional exercise which is supererogatory as
obligatory because to them the dhikr of Allah gives them joy and peace of mind.Prominent
among these Sufis include the Ibāhātis and the Fārisis39.Hence,one can say that Shaykh’s
lifestyle is synonymous with these groups.
Moreso,among the features peculiar to Shaykh’s lifestyle that generated heated controversy is
his ecstatic statement(shatahat).It is noteworthy to admit here that the Sufis are criticized for
their shatahat which is generated when they are in the stage of fanā’(self annihilation).This is
because a mystic who has attained a state of fanā’ is aware of absolute Tawhid(unity),as he sees
unity everywhere,nothing else40.
Shaykh Jami`u is not the only gnostic renowned for these ecstatic statements,some early Sufi
masters were also renowned for their obscure statements.Prominent among these Sufis are Tayfur
Abu Yazid Al-Bistami(804-878 C.E),Abu al-Mughit Husayn ibn Mansur Al-Hallaj(858-922
C.E).These people witnessed severe persecution during their days because the orthodox scholars
were those in authorities in their respective communities.For example,Al-Bistami was reported
to has been hostilized for saying ``Glory be to me’’!How great is my majesty’’41.In the same
vein, Al-Hallaj was crucified for saying`` I am the Truth’’42.The implication of which means he
is Allah.This is blasphemous and sacrilegious.
9. In the same wise,Shaykh Jami`u was renown for obstructive statement.For example,he
was reported to have said``Had it been that it rained,I would have revealed the secret of
Allah’’43.Also in other occasions,he would call himself Uthman ibn Fodio,Taju l Adab,he was
this,he was that.He was even reported to have told his loyalists not to pray for him because he
already knew the time he would die.Hence,claiming the knowledge of the unseen.This claim
according to the Sufi belief is authentic even though it seems irrational to ordinary men and even
to other Muslims.Al-Tirmidhi in his book titled``The Theory of Saints and Sainthood’’ told us
that Sufi believe that great saints who are conscious of their sainthood and have received the
divine tidings of their future and what is hidden from the common run of men.They believe that
the spirits of the saints are free of the darkness of material substance and have been released
from the prison of their bodies,so that their illuminated hearts and their minds’ eyes can see what
cannot be seen by others,even if they are in the same place.He thereafter cited among other
examples of Caliph Umar who was in the mosque but at the same time talking to people who
were in the war front in far distance place to him44.
Furthermore,Shaykh used to behave abnormally,this ranges from his mode of dressing to
his personnal behaviour.As aforementioned that most people considered Shaykh to be a mad
man,this is because he was renowned for dressing abnormally like putting on a T-Shirt and a
short knicker with tens of rosaries on his neck,walking about bare footed carrying along swords
and horse whips(bulala),putting on five different wrist watches and ten different rings in a single
hand45.All these behaviors are abnormal to a layman.Also Shaykh used to behave to the extent
that any individual who is not acquainted with his lifestyle will take to his heels.This can be
deduced from the way he behaved as if he did not know a well acquainted person whereas he
knew him.He will some times humiliate such an individual by shouting on such individual
Thief!Theif!Theif!!!.
It is relevant to say here that the level of behavior of the Sufi saints is esoteric,because of
this ,most of their actions are inexplicable to common men,even though such actions are
meaningful to the actor.A good rider to this is what transpire between Prophet Musa and Khidr
as recorded in Qur’an Q18:65-82.Also some Sufis do all these inorder to conceal themselves
from the public.This kind of people who behave as such are known as Malamatis.46
10. HIS KARĀMĀT.
One factor that leads people to believe in spiritual capacity of a Sūfī leader is his ability to
perform miracle.Miracle according to Mckinnon ``is an event involving the suspension of the
actual course of events,because its occurence is contrary to the actual course of events’’47.A
miracle performed by a saint is termed Karamah that is ``favour’’ which God bestows48.The one
performed by a prophet is called Mu`jizat i.e. an act which cannot be immitated by anyone49.It
was used by the prophets as ``evidentary proof’’50 to their status as prophets,since it was possible
for people not to believe in them if such a miracle was not performed.
Despite the fact that saints are usually granted the power to perform miracles,some disliked
its performance.To such saints,miracles are regarded as temptation e.g. Junayd of
Bagdad(d.910C.E).
There are many Karāmāt ascribed to Shaykh Jami`u.We shall attempt to mention some of
them.This was detected in him right from his youthful days,he used to go to farm with his mates
in a place inside the present day Oloje Ilorin,that he alone would do all the work that was
expected of them to do that day.They should just leave their hoes in the farm.On getting to the
farm,he read certain verses,and he alone weeded all the work that can take about ten people to do
for hours in few minutes.
Majority of Shaykh’s loyalists during the course of my interview with them observed
that,most prominent of his Karamah was istijābah i.e. he possessed efficacious prayers which
attracted many people to patronize him51.
Perhaps one of the most revealing miracles by the Shaykh was the delaying of a train.A
follower of Shaykh reported that he was travelling from Ibadan to Kano by train.On getting to
Offa he decided to pay the Shaykh a brief visit.He chartered a taxi to take him to Shaykh’s
house,since the train was to stop for a brief period of fifteen minutes at Offa.At Shaykh’s house
he told the Shaykh his aim of coming.Shaykh appreciated his gesture and started to chat with
him.Time was going,and the man started to be impatient,the taxi driver waiting outside could not
wait anymore left for his business.Shaykh sensing the man’s feeling told him not to worry as the
train would not move except by the permission of God which he had with him.In short,the man
was delayed for almost four hours and thirty minutes.When the man later got to the station,he
11. saw the train being worked upon by a team of engineers looking for elusive faults.The moment
the man entered the train,the engine started to work.The man then remembered what the Shaykh
said and he was bewildered.52
In another occasion,one of his disciples who later became a Muqaddam reported to Shaykh
that his wife had died at Offa General Hospital and that he had come to pick a motor to convey
the corpse.Shaykh asked him to let him and the man go back to the hospital to see the corpse.On
getting to the hospital,he asked for the doctor’s permission to see the corpse,which was already
certified dead.The doctor said the corpse had become the husband’s property;he had no objection
to seeing it.Shaykh Bulala entered,covered the body and prayed that God should kindly revive
her.The woman coughed,stood up and regained her consciousness.53
Moreso,one of the unique characteristics of this gnostic which to some extent may be
regarded as a miracle is his ability to look directly into the sun at noon for a long period without
blinking his eyes54.
Furthermore,a man narrated his ordeal to the present researcher before he was
emancipated.This man had a psychological problem before,and after looking for ailment from
one medical centre to another,he decided to resort to the General hospital in Offa,where he
received medication.It was during his stay in the town that he dreamt that he saw Shaykh
Jami`u praying for his recovery and directing him to go to that same hospital that he would meet
a certain nurse who would give him a certain medicine and that he should adhere to that
prescription.On getting there the following day,to this man’s astonishment, he saw a different
nurse giving him a medication as earlier prophesied by the Shaykh.And from that time,he
regained his memory back and when he came to visit Shaykh for appreciation,Shaykh had
already known about it55.
These are few among other miracles which Shaykh performed.It is noteworthy to admit that
miracles are a boon from Allah.Numerous saints are unaware of their position and status,they
invite people to the religion of Islam without miracles,and they did not consider it as an essential
element of Sufism.
12. HIS MARITAL LIFE AND CHILDREN.
It is an attitude of most of the Sufis to live ascetic life,shunning all the worldly comfort
which they considered obstacles on their way to God,and emphasizing on the worship of
God.This is in line with this Qur’anicverse;
Your wealth and your children are only a trial,whereas
Allah! With Him is a great reward(paradise)(Q64:15)56
Thus,some Sufis capitalise on this verse and other related verses and this explains why
people like Rabi’at al Adawiyyah remained a celebate throughout her life and also Shaykh
AbdulQadir Jilani was reported to have remianed unmarried untill he was fifty
years.Likewise,Shaykh Jami’u married at the age of fifty.He got married to his first wife,Alhaja
Mu’minat,who is a native of Offa at Keke’s compound in 1968.Three years later, that is in
1971,he married his second wife,Alhaja Khadijat in 1971.He then married his third wife i.e
Alhaja Radiyat in 197957,since Islam permits the marriage of up to four wives,thus;
....then marry(other) women of your choice,two,or three or four;
but if you fear that you shall not be able to deal justly (with them),
then only one......(Q4:3)58
Hence,Shaykh married three wives and was survived by nine children.These are their
names in the order of seniority.
1. Alhaja Aishat Muhammad Jami`u(d.2010)
2. Khalifah Luqman Muhammad Jami`u.A product of Shaykh Abul Fatih
Maiduguri,
3. Alhaja Hawawu Muhammad Jami`u.A business woman,
4. Alhaja Halimat Muhammad Jami`u.A business woman,
5. Alhaja Ganiyat Muhammad Jami`u.A business woman,
Arabic school in
13. 6. Alhaja Fatimat Muhammad Jami`u.A business woman,
7.Alhaji Zakariyau Muhammad Jami`u Al-Ansory.A Thanawiy graduate,
8.Alhaji AbdulLatif Muhammad Jami`u.A Thanawiy graduate,
9. Alhaji Khidr Muhammad Jami`u.A Thanawiy graduate.59
HIS DEATH.
Shaykh was reported to have indirectly predicted his death before he passed on.In the
course of this research, the Muqaddam of Tijaniyyah in Offa,Shaykh Bello Yayi told me that
Shaykh advised him not to travel again for some time,that it was after his demise that he
understood that Shaykh wanted him to participate during his janazah.60
Shaykh Jami`u breathed his last at Offa on Sunday fifth of March,1989 at the age of
seventy.He was buried at his back-yard in the presence of thousands of sympathizers61 and a
Mausoleum has been built for him afterwards.
AN ASSESSMENT OF HIS LIFE.
Due to the controversial characters of Shaykh Jami`u, different people have different
notions about him.In order to know the divergent views about him,three categories of people
were interviewed.The first category are the members of the Tijaniyyah order,the second
category are the ’Ahlus Sunnah,while the third category are Muslims who neither belong to
the first nor the second category.
The first category,that is,the members of the Tijaniyyah order spoke unanimously about
their acceptability of Shaykh to be a waliyullah(saint). In his own submission,the Muqaddam
of the Tijaniyyah order in Offa ,Shaykh Bello Yayi said that Shaykh Jami`u was a great
14. Shaykh because all the characteristics of being a Shaykh was witnessed in him right from his
youth62.
Shaykh Abubakar Abayawo,in his own submission, said that Shaykh Bulala’s behavior
cannot be measured with reason since he was a majdhūb(being in the state of ecstacy).He said
that most of his behavior were done in order to conceal him from people63.
However,the Ahlus sunnah on the other hand,according to their Chief Imam in Offa ,i.e.
Ustaz Husayn Dundun said that Shaykh Bulala lived a mysterious life,hence,he can’t admit
whether he is a saint or not,but he was just a popular man since majority of people used to
consult him when he was alive.He butressed his submission that a saint must always perform his
ritual prayers stipulately whereas Shaykh Bulala did not perform his prayers adequately.When
asked about his various miracles,he was of the opinion that all the miracles can not be termed as
Karamah but instead they are superlative powers(Hawariqul ’ahadat)s64.
Finally,the submission of the third group can be further divided into two subgroups.Some Muslims in Offa till date are of the opinion that Shaykh was a mad man because
any normal human being can not be behaving as he used to.While the other factions were of the
view that the Shaykh to an extent was a saint because of many reasons among which are;
-the various miracles he performed when he was alive,
-the success of his children after his demise and,
- the emergence of an organization after his demise.65
15. NOTES AND REFERENCES.
1. S.A.Tiamiyu,Shaykh Muhammad Jami`u:A major Sufi master in Offa,an unpublished long
essay of the Department of Religions,University of Ilorin,1989,p.17.
2. A.K.O.Rufai,The History of Sheikh Bulala,Offa,Kola Salau Press,2003,p.17.
3. S.A.Tiamiyu,Shaykh Muhammad Jami`u:..,p.15.
4. Ibid.,p.16.
5. Ibid.
6. M.T.Al-Hilal And M.M. Khan;Translation of the Meanings of the Noble Qur’an in English
Language,Madinah,King Fahd Complex,``n.d’’p.180.
7. A.K.O.Rufai,The History of Sheikh Bulala.....,p.18.
8. Ibid.,pp.20-21.
9. Ibid.,p.19.
10. S.A.Tiamiyu,Shaykh Muhammad Jami`u:..,p.19.
11. Ibid.,p.20.
12. Ibid.,p.21.
13. Ibid.,pp.21-22.
14. Ibid,.
15. A.K.O.Rufai,The History of Sheikh Bulala...,p.23.
16. Y.A.Quadri,The Tijaniyya in Nigeria:A Case study,an unpublished Ph.D thesis submitted to
the Department of Arabic and Islamic studies,University of Ibadan,1981,p.25.
17. Ibid.,p.28.
18. Ibid.,p.28.
19. S.A.Tiamiyu,Shaykh Muhammad Jami`u...,p.37.
20. M.T.Al-Hilal And M.M. Khan;....p.655.
21. I.A.Muhammad,``Al-Tirmidhi’s Theory of saints and sainthood’’ in The Islamic
Quarterly,vol 15.No 1,1971,p.23.
22. A.K.O.Rufai,The History of Sheikh Bulala....,pp.19-20.
23. Ibid.,p.21.
24. S.A.Tiamiyu,Shaykh Muhammad Jami`u:..,p.39.
25. R.A.Nicholson,The Mystics of Islam,London,Routledge and Kegan Paul Limited,1966,p.10.
16. 26. I gathered this information during my interview with Alhaji Bello Yayi, who is also
Shaykh’s cousin,on 26th March,2012.
27. S.A.Tiamiyu,Shaykh Muhammad Jami`u.........,p.44.
28. A.K.O.Rufai,The History of Sheikh Bulala........,p.36.
29. M.H.Oladotun,The History of Islam in Offa(1850-1989),Ilorin,Bisi Modern
Printers,1989,pp.78-80.
30. Ibid.,p.80.
31. Ibid.
32. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Muhammad Jamiu Bulala. Accessed on 16th
June,2011.
33. S.A.Tiamiyu,Shaykh Muhammad Jami`u:....,p.72.
34. Dr Hashir AbdulSalam narrated this to me in University of Ilorin on 8th August,2011.
35. In my interview with the cheif Imam of Ahlus Sunnah central mosque in Offa on 21st
May,2012.
36. S.A.Tiamiyu,Shaykh Muhammad Jami`u:...,p.46.
37. One of Shaykh’s loyalists named Alhaji Amao narrated this to me in Offa on 3rd
June,2012.
38. M.T.Al-Hilal And M.M. Khan;Translation of the Meanings.........p.126.
39. A.A.Yusuf,The impact of Sufi Orders on Muslims of Saki town,an unpublished long essay
submitted to the Department of Religions,University of Ilorin,2003,p.17.
40. M.Eliade(eds),The Encyclopedia of Religion,New York,Macmillian Press,1987,p.555.
41. Majlisul Ulama of South Africa(eds),Scattered Pearls:Selected Sayings and anecdotes of
the illustrious Auliyaa,Actonvile,Young Men’s Muslim Association,2006,p.96.
42. A.R.M.Solagberu,A study of the Sufi works of Shaykh ’Abu bakr Atik,an unpublished Ph.D
Thesis submitted to the Department of Religions, University of Ilorin,2009,p.68.
43. I gathered this in an interview I conducted with Muqaddam Qasim Bello,in his residence in
Kaduna on 3rd September,2011.
44. I.A.Muhammad,``Al-Tirmidhi’s Theory of saints....,pp.31-32.
45. S.A.Tiamiyu,Shaykh Muhammad Jami`u:......,p.50.
46. Ibid.
17. 47. A.Mckinnon,``Miracle’’ in R.Swinburne(eds),Miracles,New York,Macmillian Publishing
Company,1989,p.49.
48. R.A.Nicholson,The Mystics of Islam,......p.129.
49. Ibid.
50. I.A.Muhammad,``Al-Tirmidhi’s Theory of saints .....,p.33.
51. Majority of my interviewees told me this during the course of my research.
52. S.A.Tiamiyu,Shaykh Muhammad Jami`u...,pp.74-75.
53. A.K.O.Rufai,The History of Sheikh Bulala....,pp.41-42.
54. I heard this from Professor Y.A Quadri during the course of his lecture i.e. RIS 421 in
Unilorin on 3rd December,2011.
55. I gathered this during the course of my interview with Muqaddam Qasim Bello on 3rd
March,2011.
56. M.T.Al-Hilal And M.M. Khan;Translation of the Meanings......(Q64:15),p.765.
57. Alhaja Khadijah Bulala,Shaykh’s wives, told me during the course of my interview with her
on 24th of March,2012.
58. M.T.Al-Hilal And M.M. Khan;Translation of the Meanings....p.105.
59. Alhaja Khadijah Bulala........,same date.
60. Alhaji Bello Yayi told me during the course of my interview with him on 26th of
March,2012.
61. Ibid,.
62. Ibid.
63. Shaykh Abubakar Abayawo told me this during the course of my interview with him in his
residence at Abayawo in Ilorin on 19th of June,2011
64. Ustaz M.H.Dundun told me this during the course of my interview with him on 20th of
May,2012.
65. Alhaji KokoroAsiki told me this during the course of my interview with him on 21st
May,2012.