Shaikh albani namaskaram full

-_n-(e)-bp-sS- -a-kv-Im-cw- -_n-(e)-bp-sS- -a-kv-Im-cw-
-_n-(e)-bp-sS- -a-kv-Im-cw-

-_n-(e)-bp-sS- -a-kv-Im-cw-
ssi-Jv- m-kzn-dp-±o³- AÂ- AÂ-_m-n-( )-
DA'WA BOOKS
Salafi Cultural Complex, Vyttila, Cochin-19
hn-hÀ-¯-w-:- ap-l-½-Zv- kn-bm-Zv-
(X-Iv-_oÀ- ap-XÂ- X-kv-eow- h-sc,-
n-§Ä- tm-¡n-¡m-Wp-¶- cq-]-¯n-ep-Å- hn-h-c-Ww-)

Z-Av-hm- _p-Iv-kvþ
]p-kv-X-I- {]-km-[--cw-K-s¯- -hm-K-X-m-Wv.-
A-´m-cm-jv-{S-n-e-hm-c-¯nÂ-
a-e-bm-f- ]p-kv-X-I-§Ä- ]p-d-¯n-d-¡p-I-bpw-
{]-k-Iv-X-am-b- hn-hn-[- `m-jm-{K-v-Y-§Ä-
a-e-bm-f-¯n-te-¡v- sam-gn-am-äw- -S-¯n-
{]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw-
A-´m-cm-jv-{S- k-aq-l-¯n-v- ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-t¯--
a-e-bm-f- ]p-kv-X-I-§Ä-
a-äp-- `m-j-I-fn-te-¡v- ]-cn-`m-j-s¸-Sp-¯n-
]p-d-¯n-d-¡p-I-bp-sa-Ãm-am-Wv- e-£yw.-
Z-Av-hm- _p-Iv-kn-s³-d- A©m-a-s¯- ]p-kv-X-I-am-Wn-Xv.-
Cu- q-äm-n-se- G-ä-hpw- {]-KÂ-`-m-b- l-Zo-Yv- ]-Þn-X³-
ssi-Jv- m-kzn-dp-±o³- AÂ- AÂ-_m-n-bp-sS- ( )
""kzn-^-¯p- kz-em-¯n-¶-ºn-¿n- a-n--¯-Iv-_o-cn-
C-e-¯-kv-eo-an- I- A-¶-I- X-dm-lm''- F-¶-
{]-KÂ-`- {K-Ù-¯n-sâ- a-e-bm-fw- `m-jm-´-cw-
c-m-w- ]-Xn-¸m--Wn-Xv.-
ap-l-½-Zv- kn-bm-Zm-Wv- ]-cn-`m-jI³.-
sI.-sI.- k-I-cn-b- kz-em-ln-bpw- j-aoÀ- a-Zo-n-bpw-
]-cn-`m-j- ]-cn-tim-[n-¡p-I-bpw- aq-e-{K-Ù-hp-am-bn-
H-¯p-tm-¡p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-n-«p-v.-
A-p-_-Ô-§Ä- j-aoÀ- a-Zo-n-bm-Wv
X-¿mÀ- sN-bv-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.-
hn-e-bn-cp-¯p-I-; nÀ-tZ-i-§-fpw- hn-aÀ-i--§fp-ap-m-hpw-.-
A-h-bv-s¡-Ãmw- kzm-K-Xw-;-
A-h-bm-W-tÃm- -s½- t-sc- -S-¯p-¶-X-v.-
{]mÀ-Y-n-¡p-I,- Cu- in-ip-hn-s³-d- h-fÀ-¨-¡p-th-n-.
A-Ãm-lp-th....- o- R-§-fp-sS- IÀ-a-§Ä- kzo-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw-
kzÀ-K-¯nÂ- kv-Ym-w- Â-In- A-p-{K-ln-¡p-I-bpw-
sN-t¿-Wta....-(B-ao³-)-
a-mtPÀ-
DA'WA BOOKS
Malayalam | Study | Nabiyude Namaskaram
-_n-(e)-bp-sS- -a-kv-Im-cw
Original Title: Siffathu Swalathinabiyi Minathakbeeri Ilathasleemi ka Annaka Tharaha
Author: Shaikh Nasurudheen Al Albani ( )
Translator: Mohammed Ziyad
Checked By: K.K. Zakariya Swalahi, Shameer Madeeni
First Edition: october 2005
Second Edition: September 2006
Price: Rs. 100.00
Publishers | Distribution:
Da'wa Books | Salafi Cultural Complex | Vyttila | Kochi-19 | Kerala | India
Email: dawabooks@nicheoftruth.org
Cover: Yoonus K.K.
Type Setting: Creative Media
Printing: Screen Offset, Kochi-18
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means
without the prior written permission of the publishers.

XmfpIfnÂ...
ssi-Jv- m-kz-n-dp-±o³- AÂ-_m-n-bp-sS- kw-£n-]v-X- 15
Po-h-N-cn-{Xw-
H-¶mw- ]-Xn-¸n-s³-d- ap-Jh-p-c 21
{K-v-Y-c-N--¡p-Å- Im-c-W-§Ä 27
]p-kv-X-I-{I-ao-I-c-Ww- 31
1. -_n-N-cy- ]n³-]äm-pw- A-Xn-s-Xn-cm-bn-«p-Å- A-h-cp-sS- 34
hm-¡p-IÄ- Xn-c-kv-I-cn-¡m-p-ap-Å- C-am-ap-I-fp-sS-
{]-kv-Xm-h-IÄ
-2.- A-_q-l-o-^- d-ln-a-lp-Ãm-lv- 34
3.- am-en-Iv- C-_v-p- A--kv- d-ln-a-lp-Ãm-lv- 38
4. im^n-Cu- d-ln-a-lp-Ãm-l 39
5. A-lv-a-Zp-_v-p- l-¼Â- d-ln-a-lp-Ãm-lv 43
6. -_n-N-cy- ]n³-]-än-s¡m-v- Ap-bm-bn-IÄ- kz-´w- 47
C-am-ap-Ifp-sS- Nn-e- sam-gn-I-sf- H-gn-hm-¡p-¶p.-
sX-än-²m-c-W-I-fpw- Ah-bv-¡-p-Å- a-dp-]-Sn-b-pw- 51
-_n-(e)-bp-sS- -a-kv-Im-cw. 75
1. IAv_sb ap¶n-SÂ- 75
a-kvIm-c-¯nse ndp¯w 76
1. tcmKn Ccp¶v a-kvI-cn-¡Â 77

2. I¸-enÂ sh¨pÅ a-kvImcw 79
3. cm{Xn a-kvIm-c-¯nse ndp-¯hpw Ccp-¯hpw 79
4. ]m-Z-c-£-IÄ- [-cn-¨p-sIm-p-Å- -a-kv-Im-cw-þ 80
A-Xn-p-Å- IÂ-]--bpw
5. an-¼-dnÂ-sh-¨p-Å- -a-kv-Im-cw 81
6. a-d-bpw- A-Xn-sâ- A-n-hm-cy-X-bpw 82
7. -a-kv-Im-cw- ap-dn-¨v- I-f-bp-¶-h 85
8. J-_-dn-v- t-sc- Xn-cn-ªp-sIm-p-Å- -a-kv-Im-cw 86
9. n-¿-¯v 86
10.X-Iv-_oÀ- 86
11.ssI-IÄ- D-bÀ-¯Â 88
12.C-S-Xp-I-¿n-t·Â- h-e-Xp-ssI-sh-¡-epw- A-Xn-p-Å- 88
IÂ]-bpw.
13.ssI-IÄ- c-pw- s-©n-t·Â- sh-¡Â 89
14.k-p-Pq-Zn-sâ- kv-Ym-t¯-¡v- tm-¡-epw,- `-Iv-Xn-bpw 90
{]m-cw-`- {]mÀ-°--IÄ 93
JpÀ-B³- ]m-cm-b-Ww 102
1. Hm-tcm- JpÀ-B³- kq-Iv-X-hpw- nÀ-¯n-nÀ-¯n- Hm-XÂ 102
2. -a-kv-Im-c-¯n-sâ- dp-Iv-m-b- ^m-Xzn-l-bp-sS- a-l-Xzw 104
3. D-d-s¡-tbm-Xp-¶- -a-kv-Im-c-§-fnÂ- C-am-an-v- 106
]n-¶n-ep-ÅhÀ- Hm-Xp-¶-Xn-s- ZpÀ-_-e-s¸-Sp-¯Â-
4. ]-Xp-s¡-tbm-Xp-¶- -a-kv-Im-c-§-fnÂ- 107
Hm-¯v- nÀ-_-Ôw-
5. B-ao³- sNm-Ã-epw- C-amw- A-Xv- D-d-s¡- ]-d-b-epw 109
6. ^m-Xn-l-¡v- ti-j-ap-Å- -_n-(e)-bp-sS- JpÀ-B³- 110
]mcmb-Ww
7. k-Zr-iy- k-q-d-¯p-I-fpw- A-Ãm-¯-h-bpw 113
H-ä- d-Iv-A-¯nÂ- X-s¶- tNÀ-t¯m-XÂ
8. ^m-Xn-l- am-{Xw- Hm-Xm-p-Å- A-p-hm-Zw- 114
9. A-©v- -a-kv-Im-c-§-fn-epw- A-h-b-Ãm-¯-Xn-epw D-d-s¡ 116
bpw- ]-Xp-s¡-bpw- ]m-cm-b-Ww- sN-¿Â
10.cm-{Xn- -a-kv-Im-c-¯n-se- D-d-s¡-bpw- ]-Xp-s¡-bp-ap-Å- 117
]mcm-b-Ww
hy-Xy-kv-X -a-kv-Im-c-§-fn-se- -_n-(e)-bp-sS- JpÀ-B³- 118
]m-cm-b-Ww
1.- {]-`m-X- -a-kv-Im-cw 118
kp-_v-ln- -a-kv-Im-c-¯n-sâ- kp-¶-¯n-ep-Å- JpÀ-B³- 121
]m-cm-b-Ww
2.- fp-lÀ- -a-kv-Im-cw 122
A-h-km-- c-v- d-Iv-A-¯p-I-fnÂ- ^m-¯n-l-¡v- ti-j-apÅ- 123
JpÀ-B³- ]m-cm-b-Ww
3.- A-kÀ- -a-kv-Im-cw- 125
4.- a-Kv-cn-_v- -a-kv-Im-cw 125
a-Kv-cn-_v- -a-kv-Im-c-¯n-sâ- kp-¶-¯n-ep-Å- ]m-cm-b-Ww 126
5.- C-im- -a-kv-Im-cw 127
6.- cm-{Xn- -a-kv-Im-cw- (X-l-Pv-Pp-Zv)- 128
7.- hn-XvÀ- -a-kv-Im-cw 134
8.- Pp-ap-A- -a-kv-Im-cw 135
9.- s]-cp-¶mÄ- -a-kv-Im-c-§Ä- 136
10.-a-¿n-¯v- -a-kv-Im-cw- 137
11. JpÀ-B³- ]m-cm-b-W-¯n-se- XÀ-¯o-epw- 137
i-_v-Zw- `w-Kn-bm¡n- Hm-X-epw
12. C-am-an-s- Xn-cp¯Â 140
13. c-£-tX-Sepw- {i-²- sX-äp-¶-XnÂ-n-¶pw- H-gn-hm-Im³- 140
-akv-Im-c-¯nÂ- sN-dp-Xm-bn- Xp-¸-epw
dp-Iq-Av 140
1. dp-Iq-C-sâ- hn-h-c-W-w 141
2. dp-I-q-CÂ- A-S-§n-nÂ-t¡--Xn-sâ- A-n-hm-cy-X 143
3. dp-Iq-C-se- {]mÀ-°--IÄ 144
4. dp-Iq-Av- ZoÀ-L-n-¸n-¡Â- 147
5. dp-Iq-CÂ- JpÀB³- Hm-Xp-¶-Xn-ep-Å- hn-e-¡v 147
6. dp-Iq-CÂ-n-¶pw- n-hÀ-¶v- nÂ-¡-epw- 148
A-XnÂ- sNm-tÃ--Xpw-
7. -n-dp-¯w- ZoÀ-L-n-¸n-¡-epw- A-XnÂ- A-S-§n--nÂ-t¡- 152
Xnsâ- A-n-hm-cy-X-bpw

k-p-Pq-Zv- 154
1. ssI-IÄ-sh-¨p-sIm-v- kp-Pq-Zn-te-¡v- t]m-IÂ 155
2. kpPq-ZnÂ- A-S-§n-nÂ-t¡--Xn-sâ- A-nhm-cy-X 160
3. kp-Pq-Zn-se- Zn-Iv-d-p-IÄ- 160
4. kp-Pq-ZnÂ- JpÀ-B³- Hm-Xp-¶-Xn-p-Å- hn-e-¡v 164
5. kp-Pq-Zv- ZoÀ-L-n-¸n-¡Â 164
6. k-p-Pq-Zn-sâ- t{i-jv-T-X 165
7. -n-e-¯pw- ]m-bbn-ep-ap-Å- kp-Pq-Zv 166
8. kp-Pq-ZnÂ-n-¶pw- D-b-cÂ 167
9. c-v- kp-Pq-Zp-IÄ-¡n-S-bn-ep-Å- C-Jv-B-Av 168
10.c-v- kp-Pq-Zp-IÄ-¡n-S-bnÂ- A-S-§n-bn-cn-t¡--Xn-sâ- 169
An-hm-cy-X
11.c-v- kp-Pq-Zp-IÄ-¡n-S-bn-ep-Å- Zn-Iv-d-p-IÄ- 169
12.hn-{i-a-¯n-sâ- C-cp-¯w 171
13.ssI-IÄ- A-h-ew-_n-¨v- sIm-v- A-Sp-¯- 172
d-Iv-A-¯n-m-bn- F-gp-t¶Â-¡Â
c-m-a-s¯- d-Iv-A-¯v 173
F-Ãm- d-Iv-A-¯n-epw- ^m-¯n-l- Hm-tX--Xn-sâ-
A-n-hmcy-X
B-Zy-s¯- X-i-lv-lp-Zv
1. X-i-lv-lp-Zn-se- C-cp-¯w 173
2. X-i-lv-lp-ZnÂ- hn-c-e--¡Â 175
3. H-¶m-a-s¯- X-i-lv-lp-Zn-sâ- A-n-hm-cy-X-bpw- 177
A-Xn-se- {]mÀ-°--bpw
4. X-i-lv-lp-Zn-sâ- cq-]w 178
5. -_n-bp-sS- ta-ep-Å- kz-em-¯vþ A-X-n-sâ- kv-Ym--hpw- 184
cq]-hpw
6. -_n-bp-sS- ta-ep-Å- kz-em-¯n-s- Ip-dn-¨v- Nn-e- 189
kp-{][m- Ip-dn-¸p-IÄ
7. B-Zy-X-i-lv-lp-Zn-se- {]mÀ-°- 202
8. aq-¶m-a-s¯-bpw- m-em-a-s¯-bpw- dIv-A-¯n-m-bn- 203
nÂ-¡Â
9. B-]Â-L-«-§-fnÂ- A-©v- -a-kv-Im-c-§-fn-e-p-Å-
Jp-q-¯v 204
hn-XvÀ- -a-kv-Im-c-¯n-se- Jp-q-¯v 205
A-h-km--s¯- X-i-lv-lp-Zv
1. Cu- X-i-lv-lp-Zn-sâ- A-n-hm-cy-X 207
2. Cu- X-i-lv-lp-ZnÂ- -_n-(e)-bp-sS- taÂ- kz-em-¯v- 208
sNmtÃ--Xn-sâ- A-n-hm-cy-X
4. {]mÀ-°n-¡p-¶-Xn-v- ap-¼m-bn- m-ev- Im-cy-§-fnÂ- 209
n-¶pw- c-£- tX-tS--Xn-sâ- A-n-hm-cy-X
5. k-emw- ho-«p-¶-Xn-v- ap-¼p-Å- {]mÀ-°--bpw- A-Xn-sâ- 209
hnhn-[- cq-]-§-fpw
X-k-v-eow- (k-emw- ho-«Â) 217
- k-emw- ho-«-en-sâ- A-n-hm-cy-X 218
D-]-kw-lm-cw- 218
A--p-_-v-[wþ1.- 221
A--p-_-v-[wþ2.- 227
A--p-_-v-[wþ3.- 229
{K-v-Y-kq-Nn 232

ssi-Jv- m-kz-n-dp-±o³- AÂ-_m-n-bp-sS-
kw-£n-]v-X- Po-h-N-cn-{Xw-
P-hpw _mey-Im-ehpw
AÂt_-n-b-bpsS Xe-Øm--amb AivtIm-Z-c-bnÂ ln.1332
({In.h.1914)Â Hcp Zcn{ZIpSpw-_-¯n-emWv ssiJv mkzn-dp-±o³
AÂ_m-n-bpsS P-w. apgp-h³ t]cv A_qA_vZn-d-lvam³
apl-½Zv mkzn-dp-±o³ C_vp-qlv C_vp BZw PmXo AÂ
AÂ_m-n. AÂt_-n-b-¡m-c-m-b-Xv sIm-m-Wv "AÂ_mn'
F¶ t]cnÂ {]kn-²-m-b-Xv. ]nXm-hmb qlv -PmXn AÂ
_mn XpÀ¡n-bpsS Xe-Øm--amb CkvXw-_q-fnÂn¶pw aX-
]-Tw ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡nb Hcp aX ]WvUn-X-m-bn-cp-¶p.
AÂt_-n-b-bpsS `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbn h¶ "AlvaZv tkmKp'
]mÝm-Xy³ Pohn-X-ssien,- `c-W-b-{´-ap-]-tbm-Kn¨v m«nÂ ASn-
t¨Â¸n-¡m³ XpS-§n-b-t¸mÄ ]ecpw kz´w aX-¯nsâ kwc-
£-WmÀ°w mSp-hn-Sm³ XpS-§n. A¡q-«-¯nÂ AÂ_m-n-bpsS
]nXmhpw IpSpw-_-k-taXw mSp-hn-«p. At±-l-¯nsâ IpSpw_w
kndn-b-bpsS Xe-Øm--amb Ua-kv¡-kn-te-¡m-Wv "lnPvd'
t]mb-Xv. lÖv bm{X-bnepw aäpw Xm³ ]cn-N-b-s¸« Øew
F¶-Xn-ep-]cn lZoY-n-eqsS kndn-b-bpsS t{ijvT-X-IÄ At±lw
hmbn-¨-dn-ªn-«p-ap-m-bn-cp-¶p.
Ua-kv¡-knÂn¶pw {]mY-anI hnZym-`ymkw Ic-Ø-am-¡nb
mkzn-dp-±o³ AÂ_m-nsb ]n¶oSv HutZym-KnI hnZym-e-b-§-
15

fnse ]Tw XpS-cm³ ]nXmhv Ap-h-Zn-¨n-Ã. Imc-Ww, a-X-]cam
b hnj-b-§Ä ]Tn-¡mpw DÄs¡m-Åmpw HutZym-KnI ]mTim-
e-I-fn-eqsS km[y-a-sÃ¶v At±-l-¯nv a-Ên-em-bn. A§ns
Xsâ aIv thn ]nXmhv Xs¶ Hcp {]tXyI ]mTy-]-²Xn
kzbw- Bhn-jvI-cn¨p ]Tn-¸n-¡m³ XpS-§n. AtXm-sSm¸w aäp
]WvUn-X-·m-cnÂ n¶pw XPvhoZv, Ad_n hymI-c-Ww, lô
^nJvlvþ XpS§n Zoo hnÚm--¯nsâ hnhn[ imJ-IfnÂ
mkzn-dp-±o³ [mcmfw Adn-hp-IÄ tSn. ]nXm-hnsâ kplr-¯p-
¡-fmb ]WvUn-X-·m-cm-bn-cp¶p an¡ A²ym-]-I-cpw.
lZokv hnÚm--¯n-te¡v
AÂ_m-n¡v 20 hb-Êp-Å-t¸mÄ CuPn-]vXnÂn¶pw k¿nZv
d-io-Zv cnZ {]kn-²o-I-cn-¨n-cp¶ AÂ amÀ amkn-I-bnÂ Camw
KÊm-en-bpsS Clvbm-D-eq-ap-±o-nse hnj-b-§sf ncq-]-Ww-sN-
bvXp-sImv Fgp-Xnb teJ--§Ä At±lw hmbn-¡m-n-S-bmbn.
AXym-IÀj-I-amb B ncq-]-W-ssien AÂ_m-nsb lZoYv
ncq-]W ]T--¯n-te¡v {]tNm-Zn-¸n-¨p. Clvbmbnse lZo-Yp
I-sfbpw aäpw ]c-¼-c-k-lnXw hni-I-ew sN¿p¶ lm^nfv
Cdm-Jn-bpsS AÂapKvnF¶ {KÙw AÂ_mn ]IÀ¯n Fgp
Xn. Cu {]mb-¯nÂ Bbn-c-¡-W-¡nv t]Pp-IÄ C{]-Imcw ssI
sImv ]IÀ¯n Fgp-Xn-b-XnÂ n¶v Xs¶ AÂ_m-n-bpsS
DÕm-l-io-ehpw XmÂ]-cyhpw hyà-am-Wv. lZoY-v hnÚm-¯n-
epÅ aIsâ Cu DÕm-ls¯ ]nXmhv ncp-Õm-l-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-
cp-¶p. F¦nepw ]nXm-hnsâ FXnÀ¸p-IÄ hI-sh-¡msX lZo
Ynepw AXnsâ nZm--im-kv{X-¯nepw AÂ_mn IqSp-XÂ
{i²-tI-{µo-I-cn-¨p.
At±lw Fgp-Xnb ]pkvX-I-§-fnÂ BZy-t¯Xv [mcmfw
sXfn-hp-Ifpw Xmc-X-ay-§fpw DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-pÅ XlvZodp-
Êm-PnZvan³C¯n-Jm-ZnÂJp_qcnakm-PnZvF¶ {KÙ-am-bncp-
¶p. Cu ]pkvX-I-¯nsâ [mcmfw ]Xn-¸p-IÄ CXn-Iw Cd§p-
I-bp-m-bn. AXp-t]m-se-¯s¶ ssiJv AÂ_mn BZy-Ime-
s¯-gp-Xnb AÀdu-Z-¯p--ZoÀ ô XÀ¯o_v h XJvcoPv apAv
Pan¯-_-dm-n-¿nÂ I_oÀ F-¶ {KÙw C¶pw {]kn-²o-I-cn-
¡msX InS-¡p-¶p.
fmln-cn¿: {KÙm-e-b-¯n-te¡v
kz´w ]nXm-hnsâ FXnÀ¸p-IÄ hI-sh-¡msX lZo-Ynepw
AXnsâ nZm--im-kv{X-§-fnepw IqSp-XÂ {i² tI{µo-I-cn-¨p.
AXn-¶m-h-iy-amb {KÙ-§Ä ]nXm-hnsâ {KÙ-ti-J-c-¯nÂ
e`y-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. ]nXm-hnsâ tiJ-c-¯n-e-[n-Ihpw lô aZvl-
_nse ^nJvlv {KÙ-§-fm-bn-cp-¶p. Xn-¡m-h-iy-apÅ ]pkvXI-
§Ä¡pÅ ]Ww-I-s-¯m³ At±lw hnj-an-¨p. AXn-mÂ
Za-kvI-kn-epÅ ""AÂ aIvX-_¯p fmln-cn¿'' F¶ sse{_-dn-
bnÂ n¶pw Bh-iy-amb ]pkvX-I-§Ä IS-sa-Sp-¯p. Nne-t¸mÄ
]pkvXI hnÂ] ime-bnÂ n¶pw nÝnX Znh-k-§Ä¡v IS-
sa-Sp-¡pw.
At±lw lZoYv nZm imkv{X-¯nÂ Xs¶ apgp-In. AXv
ImcWw tcs¯ Xs¶ Xsâ IS-b-S¨v ]{´v aWn-¡q-tdmfw
sse{_-dn-bnÂ Nne-h-gn-¡pw. a-kvIm-c-¯nv thn am{Xw ]pd-
¯v t]mIpw. `£Ww an¡-hmdpw eLp-hmbn AXn--I-¯v- sh¨v
Xs¶ Ign-¡pw. ]pd¯v t]mIm-dn-Ã.
CXv Iv a-Ên-em-¡nb sse{_-dn-b-[n-Ir-XÀ At±-l¯nm
bn Hcp {]tXyI apdn AXn--I¯v Hcn-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¯p. IqSmsX
sse{_dnka-b-¯nv ap¼v h¶v hmbn-¡p-¶-Xn-mbn sse{_-dn-
bpsS Hcp Xmt¡mÂ At±-ls¯ GÂ¸n-¨p. ]e-t¸mgpw AXn-
cm-hnse Xs¶ At±lw Ahn-sS-sb-¯pw. Cim a-kvImcw Ign-
ªmWv aS-§p-I. Cu Ime-b-f-hnÂXs¶ At±lw {KÙ-c-N
B-cw-`n-¨n-cp-¶p-. F¶mÂ AXnÂ ]eXpw {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡-s¸«n
«nÃ.
lZoYv ]Tw ImcWw At±-l-¯nÂ [mcmfw amä-§-fp-mbn.
AÔ-ambn Hcp aZvl-_ns ]n³]-äp¶ coXn-bnÂn¶pw amdn,-
JpÀ-Bpw _n-N-cybpw ke-^p-Êzm-en-lp-IÄ a-Ên-em-¡nb
coXn-bnÂ a-Ên-em¡n ]n³]-äp¶ AhØ h¶p. kzm`m-hnIam
bpw, {]tZ-i-¯pÅ lô ]WvUn-X-·m-cp-ambn ]e-Im-cy¯n
epw A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ap-m-bn. AXv t]mse Ahn-sS-bpÅ
kq^n-Ifpw ap_vX-Zn-D-Ifpw At±-ls¯ "]ng-¨-h-lm_n' F¶v
hnfn¨v ]cn-l-kn-¡p-Ibpw km[m-cW P-§-sf-s¡mv A§n
16 17

s hnfn-¡m³ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¶mÂ Za-kvI-knÂ
X-s¶-bpÅ Nne ]WvUn-X-·m-cpsS t{]mÕm-lw At±-l-¯n
sâ apt¶m-«pÅ IpXn-¸nv {]tNm-Z--am-bn. ssiJv _lvP-¯pÂ
ss_XzmÀ, ssiJv A_vZpÂ ^¯mlv, Xu^oJv AÂ _Àkm
(d-ln) F¶n-h-cmWv At±-ls¯ t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¨-h-cnÂ NneÀ.
XuloZpw kp¶¯pw ]p:Øm]n-¡p¶ hgn-bnÂ At±lw
[mcmfw FXnÀ¸p-IÄ tcn-tSn h¶p. F¶mÂ AXn-seÃmw
At±lw `wKn-bmb £a-ssI-sIm-p.
Bbn-S¡v Xs¶ At±lw m«nÂ ssZzhmc ¢mÊp-IÄ XpS-
§n. kÀh-I-em-im-em-[ym-]-Icpw, hnZymÀ°n-Ifpw AXnÂ lmP-
cm-bn. ^nJvlv, DkqÂ, CÂapÂ lZoY-v XpS-§nb hnj-b-§fmWv
AhnsS ]Tn-¸n-¨p-sIm-n-cp-¶-Xv.
FÃm amkhpw tPmÀZm-n-tebpw kndn-b-bn-tebpw hnhn[ K
c-§-fn-te¡v A[ym-]þ]T-m-h-iymÀ°w k©-cn-¡pw.
At±-l-¯nsâ IrXn-IÄ A¨-Sn-¨p-h-¶-tXmsS, Atd-_y³
mSp-I-fnÂ At±lw Adn-b-s¸-Sm³ XpS-§n. A§-s, aZo-bn
se Ckvem-anIv kÀÆ-I-em-ime (PmanA: Ckvem-an¿:-) bnÂ
lZoYv hn`m-K-¯nÂ At±-ls¯ A[ym-]-I-mbn nb-an-¨p.
lnPvd 1381 apXÂ aq¶v hÀjw At±lw AhnsS sNe-hgn¨p.
]n¶oSv kÀÆ-I-em-ime t_mÀUv sa¼-dm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu
Ime-b-f-hnÂ At±lw Xsâ lZoYv hnÚm k¼¯v ]cnt]m-
jn-¸n-¨p. IqSmsX kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-bnÂ km[m-c-W-bmbn ]Tn-¸n-
¨p-h-cp¶ coXn amdn lZo-Yv nZmimkv{X-¯n-p-wIqSn {]m[m
yw ÂIp¶ [mcmfw ]mT]pkvX-I-§Ä kne-_knÂ DÄs¸Sp-
¯n. AXv Im-cWw [mcmfw hnZymÀ°n-IÄ B taJ-e-bnÂ {i²
tI{µo-I-cn-¡m³ XpS-§n. AXnÂ ]ecpw Cu hnj-b-¯nÂ
{]mhoWyw tSn. A¡m-c-W-¯mÂ Xs¶ lZo-Y-p-IÄ ]c-¼-c-
k-lnXw ]cn-tim-[n-¨p-sIm-pÅ [mcmfw {KÙ-§-fpw, AXnsâ
kqNnI (C³U-Ivkv)bS-§p¶ {KÙ-§fpw Cd-§m³ XpS-§n.
ssiJv AÂ_mn PmanA:bnÂ hcp-¶-Xnv ap¼v lZo-Y-nsâ
]c-¼-cIÄ¡v {]m[mywsImSp-¯p-sIm-pÅ ]T--coXn Ahn-
sS-bp-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. ]n¶oSv Cu ]T coXn temI¯v ]e kÀÆ-
I-em-im-e-I-fnepw S-¸n-em-¡n. At¸mÄ Cu cwK-¯pÅ At±-
l-¯nsâ kzm[ow BÀ¡pw ntj-[n-¡m³ km[y-a-Ã. At±l-
¯nsâ "a³lPn's FXnÀ¡p-¶-hÀ¡v t]mepw.
aZo--bnse A[ym-]-I-Po-hn-X-¯n-p-tijw At±lw hopw
""aà-_-¯pf-m-ln-cn¿''bnÂ Xncn-s¨-¯n. Cu ka-b¯v Xsâ
hm¨v dn¸-bÀIS ktlm-Z-c-·m-cn-sem-cmsf GÂ¸n-¨p. ""aà-_-
¯p-f-m-ln-cn¿''bnÂ ]T-hpw cN--bp-ambn Ign-ªp-Iq-Sn.
{]t_m-[ {]hÀ¯--§-fp-ambn At±lw hnhn[ cmPy-§Ä
kµÀin-¨p. J¯À, CuPn-]vXv, bp.-F.-C., Ipssh-¯v, kvs]bn³,
Cw¥v F¶o cmPy-§Ä Ah-bnÂ NneXv am{Xw.
At±-l-¯nsâ ]mWvUn-Xys¯ {]iw-kn¨ [mcmfw Adnb
s¸-Sp¶ ]WvUn-X-·m-cpv. AXn-sem-¶m-a-t¯-Xv ssiJv A_v
ZpÂ Akokv C_vp A_vZp-Ãm-ln_vp_mkv BWv. At±lw
Hcn-¡Â ssiJv AÂ_m-nsbIpdn¨v ]d-ªXv C{]-Im-c-am-Wv:-
""ssiJv mkzn-dn-s-¡mfpw {]hm-N-Isâ (e) lZo-Yp-I-sf-¡pdn-
¨v Adn-hpÅ Hcmfpw BIm-i-¯nv Iosg-bp-Å-Xmbn Rm-dn-
bnÃ'' (A±p-kvXp-dpÂDÀZp-n¿ 8/10/1999).- IqSmsX temI-¯nsâ
hnhn[ `mK-§-fnÂ Id-I-fª "a³l-Pn'--te¡v £Wn¨v sImn-
cn-¡p¶ At±-l-¯nsâ [mcmfw injy-·mÀ At±-ls¯ {]iw-
kn¨vsImv Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-v.
Xkv^n-¿¯n(ip-²o-I-c-Ww)pw XÀ_n-¿¯n(in-£-W-¯n)
pw Du¶Â ÂIn-s¡m-pÅ At±-l-¯nsâ {]t_m-[ {]h
À¯--§Ä F¬]-¯n-bmdv hbÊv hsc op-n-¶p. At±-l
¯nsâ {KÙ-c-N-bpw, lZoYv ]cn-tim-[-bpw a-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-v-
cv amkw ap¼v- hsc XpSÀ¶p. F¶mÂ imco-cn-Im-tcmKyw
hf-sc-b-[nIw £bn¨ Ah-km cv amk-§Ä AXnÂ n¶pw
Hgn-ªvnÂt¡nh¶p. F¶n«pw At±-l-¯nsâ lrZbw CXp-
ambn _Ô-s¸-«p-sIm-n-cp-¶p. lnPvd: 1420 (02-þ10-þ99 {In.-h.) Pam-
ZpÂ BJn-d-bnÂ F«p-Zn-hkw am{Xw _m¡n nÂs¡ in-bmgvN
kqcym-kvX-a-b-¯nv ap¼v ssiJv AÂ_mn Cu temI-t¯mSv
hnS ]d-ªp. (C¶menÃm-ln....)
A¶v Xs¶ At±-ls¯ J_-d-S-¡n. Npcp-§nb ka-b-¯np-
18 19

˜ª2Ô¯˜˜¨C›X+ØSˆm˜ª2j°Oˆm˜
H-¶mw- ]-Xn-¸n-s³-d- ap-Jh-p-c-
kv-Xp-Xn- ap-gp-h³- A-Ãm-lp-hn-v-þA-h³- A-h-s³-d- A-Sn-a-IfpsS-
taÂ- akv-Im-cw- nÀ-_-v-[-am-¡n.- A-Xv- n-e-nÀ-¯p-hm-pw- `wKn-
bm-bn- nÀ-Æ-ln-¡p-hmpw- A-h³- A-h-tcm-Sv- IÂ-]n-¨p.- A-Xn-se-
`-b-Iv-Xn- (Jp-iq-Av)-sb- hn-P-b-hpw- kt´m-j-hp-am-bn- _-v-[-s¸Sp-
¯n-;- A-Xn-s- Cu-am-pw- Ip-^v-dpw- X-½nÂ- thÀ-Xn-cn¡p-¶- H-cp-
]m-[n-bpw- o-N-hr-¯n-bnÂ-n-¶pw- n-jn-²-am-b-h-bnÂ-n-¶pw- XS-
ªp-nÀ-¯p-¶- H-¶m-bpw- ]-cn-K-Wn-¨p.-
c-£-bpw- k-am-[m--hpw- -½p-sS- {]-hm-N-I-m-b- ap-l-½-Zv- _n-
(e)-bp-sS- ta-ep-m-h-s«-!- A-hn-Sp-t¯m-Sv- A-Ãm-lp- A-`n-kw-t_m-
[-- sN-bv-X-Xv- C-{]-Im-c-am-Wv
-P--§Ä-¡m-bn- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡-s¸-«-Xv- o- A-hÀ-¡v- hn-h-cn-¨v-
sIm-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-m-bn- n--¡v- mw- D-Zv-t_m-[-w- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨v- X¶n-
cn-¡p-¶p''- (-lvÂ- 16:-44).-
Cu- IÀ-¯-hyw- Ahn-Sp-¶v- (e)- `wKnbm-bn- nÀ-h-ln-¨p.- hmKvcq-
t]-W-bpw- IÀ-a-cq-t]-W-bpw- A-hn-Sp-¶v- hn-h-cn-¨v- X-¶-XnÂ- Gähpw-
{]-[m--s¸-«-Xv- -a-kv-I-m-c-am-bn-cp-¶p.- am-{X-a-Ã,- H-cn-¡Â- A-hnSp¶v-
an-¼-dnÂ-sh-¨v- n-¶psIm-pw-- dp-Iq-Av- sN-bv-XpsIm-pw- -a-kvI-
cn-¨v- Im-Wn-¡p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- ti-jw- A-hn-Sp-¶v- A-h-tcm-Sv-
ÅnÂ Xs¶ J_-d-S-¡-W-sa¶v At±lw Xsâ hnÂ]-{X-¯nÂ
Fgp-Xn-sh-¨-Xn-mÂ AXv S-¸n-em-¡n. a¿n¯v a-kvIm-c-¯nv
A¿m-bn-c-¯n-tesd t]À ]s¦-Sp-¯p. AXnÂ kuZn Atd-_y-
bnse {Kmâ v ap^vXn-bmb ssiJv A_vZpÂ Akokv C_vp
A_vZpÃm Bep-ssiJv, ssiJv apl-½Zv_vp kzmenlv AÂ
DssY-ao³, ssiJv A_vZp-Ãm-ln_vp Pn_vco³, ssiJv
kzmenlv C_vp A_vZpÂ Akokp _vp apl-½Zv Bep-
ssiJv F¶n-hcpw DÄs¸-Spw.
Ah-ew_w:
(1) tUm. Bknw A_vZpÃ AÂJÀbqXn Fgp-Xnb
AÂ_m-n-bpsS Poh-N-cn-{Xw.
(2)ssiJvAeolk³AÂl-e-_n-bpsSaAssiJn
m mkz-n-dp-Êp¶'' F¶ {KÙw.
20

]dªp-:- Rm³- C-Xv- sN-bv-Xv- Im-Wn-¨-Xv,- n-§Ä- F-s¶- amXrI-
bm-¡p-¶-Xn-v- th-n-bpw- F-s³-d- -akv-¡m-cw- n-§Ä- ]-Tn-¡p¶-
Xn-v- th-n-bp-am-Wv''-(1)-
A-XnÂ- -_n-sb- A-p-k-cn-¡p-¶-Xv- ½p-
sS- taÂ- nÀ-_-v-[-am-¡n-s¡m-v- ]-d-ªp-:- Rm³- -a-kv-I-cn¡p-
¶-Xv- I--Xv- t]m-se- n-§-fpw- -a-kv-I-cn-¡p-I''--(2)-
A-hn-Sp-¶v- akv-
I-cn-¨- A-tX- cq-]-¯nÂ- -a-kv-I-cn-¨-h-s- kzÀ-K-¯nÂ- {]-thin¸n-
¡m-sa-¶- I-cmÀ- A-Ãm-lp-hn-¦Â- D-Å-Xm-bn- A-hn-Sp-¶v- k-t´mj-
hmÀ-¯- A-dn-bn-¨p.- F-¶n-«v- ]-d-ªp-:- A-©v- -a-kv-Im-c-§Ä- AÃm-
lp- nÀ-_-v-[-am-¡n-;- B-sc-¦n-epw- A-Xn-p-th-n- -¶m-bn- hp-fq-
sN-¿p-I-bpw,- Ir-Xy-k-a-b-§-fnÂ- A-h- -a-kv-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw,- AXn-
se- dp-Iq-Dw- kp-Pq-Zpw- `-b-`-Iv-Xn-bpw- ]qÀ-W-am-¡p-I-bpw- sN-bv-XmÂ-
A-h-¶v- s]m-dp-¯v- sIm-Sp-¡p-sa-¶v- A-Ãm-lp- I-cmÀ- sN-bv-Xn-«pv.-
A-§-s- sN-bv-Xn-«n-sÃ-¦nÂ,- A-h-¶v- A-Ãm-lp-hn-¦Â- A§s
sbm-cp- I-cm-dn-Ã. A-h-p-t±-in-¨mÂ- A-h-¶v- s]m-dp-¯v- sIm-Sp¡pw;-
A-h-p-t±-in-¨mÂ,- in-£n-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿pw''--(3)-
A-hn-Sp-s¯- IpSpw-
_-¯n-pw- kq-£v-a-im-en-I-fpw- ]p-Wy-hm-·m-cpw,- A-hn-Sp-s¯- (e)-
B-cm-[--I-fpw-,- -a-kv-Im-c-§-fpw- hm-¡p-I-fpw- {]-hr-¯n-I-fpw- ap-
s¡-¯n-¨v- X-¶v,- A-Xn-s- þA-Xn-s-am-{Xw-þH-cp- a-Zv-l-_pw- amXrI-
bp-am-¡n-¯-¶- A-hn-Sp-s¯- A-p-N-c-·mÀ-¡pw- o- Kp-Ww- sNt¿-
W-ta-!- A-h-cp-sS- N-hn-«-Sn-I-sf- ]n-´p-SÀ-¶-hÀ-¡pw- A-´y-mÄhsc-
A-h-cp-sS- ]m-X-bn-eq-sS- k-©-cn-¨-hÀ-¡pw- o- Kp-Ww- sN-t¿-Wta!-
G-I-tZ-iw- m-ep-hÀ-j-§Ä-¡v- ap-¼v,- lm-^n-kv- ap³-Zn-cn-(y)bp-
sS- A-¯À-Ko-_-v-h-¯À-lo-_v- F-¶- {K--v-Y-¯n-se- -a-kv-Im-c¯n-
s³-d- A-[ym-bw- Rm³- hm-bn-¡p-I-bpw-- A-Xv- -½p-sS- Nn-e- ke^n-
k-tlm-Z-c-·mÀ-¡v- ]-Tn-¸n-¨v- sIm-Sp-¡p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-t¸-mÄ- C-kvem-
anÂ- -a-kv-Im-c-¯np-Å-- kv-Ym--hpw- ]-Z-hn-bpw- -ap-¡v- hy-Iv-Xam-
bn.- Iq-Sm-sX,- -a-kv-Im-cw- n-e-nÀ-¯p-¶-hÀ-¡pw- A-Xv- `w-Kn-bmbn-
nÀ-h-ln-¡p-¶-hÀ-¡p-ap-Å- {]-Xn-^-e-hpw- t{i-jv-T-X-bpw- amyX
bpw- -ap-¡v- hy-Iv-X-am-bn.- -_n-(e)bp-sS- -a-kv-Im-c-hp-am-bn- DÅ-
A-Sp-¸-hpw- A-IÂ-¨-bp-a-p-k-cn-¨v- C-sX-Ãmw- hy-Xym-k-s¸-SpI-
Xs¶- sN-¿pw.-- A-Xn-te-¡v- kq-N- Â-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv- -_n(e)-bpsS-
Cu- hm-¡p-IÄ:-
H-cp- A-Sn-a- H-cp- -a-kv-Im-cw- nÀ-h-ln-¨mÂ,- A-Xn-s³-d- ]¯n-
sem-¶v,- H-¼-Xn-sem-¶v,- F-«n-sem-¶v,- G-gn-sem-¶v,- B-dn-sem-¶v,-
A-©n-sem-¶v,- m-en-sem-¶v,- aq-¶n-sem-¶v,- ]-Ip-Xn-þF-¶n-§-s-
b-Ãm-sX- A-XnÂ-n-¶pw- A-h¶v- th-n- F-gp-X-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã.-''-
-(4)-
AXn-
mÂ,- -_n- (e)-bp-sS- -a-kv-Im-c-¯n-s³-d- cq-]w- hn-i-Z-am-bn- aÊn-
em-¡n-bm-e-Ãm-sX- A-Xv- nÀ-h-ln-t¡-- cq-]-¯nÂ- nÀ-h-ln-¡m³-
-ap-¡v- km-[n-¡p-I-bn-Ã-þA-Xn-s³d- k-ao-]-¯p-t]m-epw- F-¯m³-
km-[n-¡p-I-bn-Ã-þF-¶- Im-cyw- F-s³-d- k-tlm-Z-c-·m-sc- Rm³-
DWÀ-¯n.- A-Xp-t]m-se-X-s¶- -a-kv-Im-c-¯n-s³-d- nÀ-_-v-[-Imcy-
§-fpw- kz-`m-h-§-fpw- A-Xn-s³-d- _m-ly-cq-]-§-fpw- {]mÀ-°--Ifpw-
Zn-Iv-dp-I-fpw- F-Ãmw- hn-i-Z-am-bn- a--Ên-em-t¡--XnÂ-s]-«-Xm-Wv.-
ti-jw- Cu- A-dn-hv- ap-gp-h³- {]-hr-¯n- ]Y-¯nÂ- sIm-p-h-c-m³-
mw- ]-cn-{i-an-¡-Ww.- F-¦nÂ- -½p-sS- -a-kv-Im-cw- t¾-O-hr¯nbn
Â-n-¶pw- n-jn-²-am-b-h-bnÂ-n-¶pw- -s½- X-Sp-¡p-sa-¶pw- {]hm-
N-I-nÂ-n-¶pw- D-²-cn-¡-s¸-«- co-Xn-bn-ep-Å- A-Xn-s³-d- {]-Xn-^e-
hpw- A-p-{K-l-hpw- -ap-¡v- th-n- F-gp-X-s¸-Sp-sa-¶pw- -ap-¡v-
{]-Xo-£n-¡mw.-
G-sX-¦nepw- H-cp- a-Z-v-l-_nÂ-X-s¶- A-Sn-bp-d-¨v- nÂ-¡p-¶-Xn-
mÂ- P--§-fnÂ- [m-cm-fw- t]À-¡v-þ[m-cm-fw- ]-Wv-Un-X-·mÀ-t]m-
epw-þ{]-hm-N-I-s³-d- -a-kv-Im-c-¯n-s³-d- i-cn-bm-b- hn-h-c-Ww- aÊn-
em-¡m³- km[n-¡p-¶n-Ã.- a-Zv-l-_p-I-fp-sS- Iq-«-¯n-ep-Å- Hm-tcm-
a-Zv-l-_n-epw- a-äv- a-Zv-l-_p-I-fnÂ- Im-Wm-¯- H-cp- -_n-N-cy- ImWm
³- km-[n-¡p-sa-¶p-Å- Im-cyw- ]-cn-]m-h--am-b- kp-¶-¯n-s- tkhn-
¡p-¶-XnÂ- ap-gp-In-bn-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ-¡pw- IÀ-½-im-kv-{X- ]-Wv-UnX·m
À-¡pw- A-dn-bm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.- Iq-Sm-sX,- -_n-(e)-bn-te-¡v- hn-izm-k-
tbm-Ky-am-bn- tNÀ-¯p-]-d-bm³- km[n-¡m-¯- IÀ-a-§-fpw- hm¡pI
1.- _p-Jm-cn:- ap-kv-enw-þ C-Xn-s³-d- ]qÀ-W-cq-]w- h-gn-tb- h-cp-¶p-v.-
2.- _p-Jm-cn-;- ap-kv-enw-;- A-lv-a-Zv-;-- CÀ-hm-DÂ-K-eoen-(213)Â- C-Xv- X-Jv-co-Pv'- sNbvXn-
«p-v.-
3.- C-Xv- kz-lo-lm-b- l-Zo-Ym-Wv.- [m-cm-fw- C-am-ap-IÄ- C-Xv- kz-lo-lm-sW-¶v-
]d-ªn-«p-v. kz-lo-lv- A-_q-Zm-hq-Zn-- (451,- 1276)Â- C-Xv- XJv-co-Pv''- sN-bvXn-
«p-v.-
4.- kz-lo-lv-þC-_v-pÂ- ap-_m-d-Iv- X-s³-d- A-Êp-l-Zn-(10/-21/1þ2)Â-;- A-_q-ZmhqZpw-
-km-Cu-bpw- -Ã- ]-c-¼c-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn- tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-v.- C-Xn-s³-d- XJv-
co-Pv' kz-lo-lv- A-_q-Zm-hq-Zn- (761)Â- sIm-S-p-¯n-«p-v.-
22 23

fpw- B- a-Zv-l-_p-I-f-n-ep-v.- ]nÂ-¡m-e-¡m-cm-b- ]-Wv-Un-X-·m-cpsS-
{K-v-Y-§-f-n-em-Wv- C-h- [m-cm-f-am-bn- Im-Wp-¶-Xv.(5)
- A-h-cnÂ- ]ecpw-
C-h- -_n-(e)-bn-te-¡v- n-cp-]-m-[n-Iw- tNÀ-¯n-¸-d-bp-¶-Xm-bn-«pw-
mw- Im-Wp-¶p-.!-(6)-
A-Xp-sIm-m-Wv- l-Zo-Yv- ]-Wv-Un-X-·mÀ- (AÃm-
lp- A-hÀ-¡v- -·- {]-[m-w- sN-¿p-am-dm-I-s«)-- A-h-bn-ep-Å- {]ikv-
X- {K-v-Y-§Ä-¡v- X-Jv-co-Pn'-s³-d- {K-v-Y-§Ä- c-Nn-¨-Xv.- A-XnÂ-
D-²-cn-¡-s¸-«- Hm-tcm- l-Zo-Yn-s³-d-bpw-- kz-lo-lpw',- f-C-u^pw'-,-
au-fq-Dw'- hy-Iv-X-am-¡n-bn-«p-m-Ipw.- X-Jv-co-Pv- {K-v-Y-§-fp-sS- DZm-
l-c-W-§Ä- C-h-bm-Wv-:-ssi-Jv- A-_v-ZpÂ- Jm-Zn-dp-_v-p- ap-l-½ZpÂ-
Jp-d-iv-- AÂ-l--^n-bp-sS- AÂ-C-m-b-ô-a-Av-cn-^-¯n-AlmZo-
YnÂ-ln-Zm-b,- A-¯p-dp-Jv-hÂ-h-km-CÂ---ô-X-Jv-co-Pn-A-lmZoYn-
5.- A-_pÂ- l-k-m-Xv- A-Ã-Iv--hn- A-¶m-^n-DÂ- I-_oÀ- en-a³- bp-Xzm-en-DÂ-
Pm-an-D-Êz-KoÀ- F-¶- {K-v-Y-¯nÂ- l-ô- IÀ-aim-kv-{X- {K-v-Y-§-fp-sS- ]Zhn-
IÄ- hn-h-cn-¡p-I-bpw- AXnÂ- B-{i-bn-¡m-hp-¶-h-bpw- A-Ãm-¯-h-bpw- hyIvX-
am-¡p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-ti-jw- ]-d-bp-¶p- (t]-Pv- 122þ123)-:- Cu- k-am-lm-c-§fpsS-
]-Z-hn-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨v- mw- C-Xp-h-sc- ]-d-ª-Xv- ap-gp-h³- IÀ-½-im-kv-{X- hn-jb§-
fp-sS- D-Å-S-¡-hp-am-bn- _-v-[-s¸-«-Xm-Wv.- F-¶mÂ- -_n-bp-sS- l-Zo-Y-p-Ifpam-
bn- _-v-[-s¸-«- hn-j-b-§-fnÂ- C-sXm-¶pw- _m-[-I-a-Ã.- Im-c-Ww,- {]-i-kvXcmb-
IÀ-½-im-kv-{X- ]-Wv-Un-X-·mÀ- B-{i-bn-¡p-¶- {K-v-Y-§-fnÂ-X-s¶- F-{X-sb{X-
nÀ-an-X- l-Zo-Yp-I-fm-Wp-Å-Xv?-!- {]-tXy-In-¨pw- ^-Xv-hm- {K-v-Y-§-fnÂ.- AXns³d-
IÀ-¯m-¡Ä- a-sä-Ãm- hn-j-b-§-fn-epw- A-{K-K-Wy-cm-sW-¦n-epw- {]-hm-N-I-
h-N--§Ä- D-²-cn-¡p-¶- hn-j-b-¯nÂ- h-f-sc- A-{i-²-cm-sW-¶v- kq-£v-a-
hni-I-e--¯nÂ-n-¶pw- -ap-¡v- hy-Iv-X-am-Ipw''.- Rm³- (AÂ-_m-n) ]dbp¶p:-
{]-ikv-X-am-b- Nn-e- {K-v-Y-§-fnÂ- Im-Wm³- km-[n-¡p-¶- nÀ-an-X- l-Zo-YpI-
fnÂ- H-¶m-Wv- d-a-fm-n-se- A-h-km--s¯- sh-Ån-bm-gv-N- B-sc-¦n-epw- nÀ_-
v-[- -a-kv-Im-c-§Ä- nÀ-h-ln-¨mÂ,- A-h-s³-d- B-bp-ÊnÂ- F-gp-]-Xv- hÀjw-
h-sc- H-gn-hm-bn-t¸m-b- F-Ãm- -a-kv-Im-c-§Ä-¡pw- A-Xv- ]-I-c-am-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv''
þAÂ- B-Ym-dpÂ- aÀ-^q-A- ^nÂ- A-Jv-_m-dÂ- au-fq-A- F-¶- {K-v-Y-¯nÂ-
Cu- l-Zo-Yv- tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-ti-jw- e-Iv--hn- (d-ln)- ]-d-bp-¶p- (t]-Pv-:- 315)-:-
A-en-¿Â- Jm-co- X-sâ- au-fq-B-¯p-Êp-K-v-d -bn-epw- Ip-_v-d -bn-epw- ]d-bp¶p:-
C-Xv- Xn-I-¨pw- A-k-Xy-am-Wv.- Im-c-Ww,- hÀ-j-§-tfm-fw- nÀ-h-ln-¡m-sX- ]mgm
¡n-b- IÀ-a-§Ä-¡v- Cu- H-cm-cm-[-m-IÀ-aw- ]-I-c-am-hp-I-bn-Ã- F-¶- C-Pv-amCv-
F-Xn-cm-Wn-Xv.- A-Xn-mÂ,- A-¶n-lm-b bp-sS- {K-v-Y-Im-c-t-tbm,- AÂ-lnZm-
b-bp-sS- hym-Jym-Xm-hn-s-tbm- D-²-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-v- Im-cy-an-Ã.- Im-c-Ww-
A-h-scm-¶pw- l-Zo-Yv- ]-Wv-Un-X-·m-c-Ã;- l-Zo-Yv- X-Jv-co-Pv'- sN-bv-X-h-cnÂ-n¶pw-
l-Zo-Yn-s³-d- ]-c-¼-c- {i-²n-¨-h-cp-a-Ã.-
Cu- l-Zo-Yv- X-s¶- a-säm-cp- cq-]-¯nÂ- AÂ- ^-hm-C-ZpÂ- a-Pv-aq-A- ^nÂ-
A-lm-Zo-YnÂ- au-fq-A-- F-¶- {K-v-Y-¯nÂ- hn-h-cn-¨ -ti-jw -C-amw- iu-Im-n-
]-d-bp-¶p- (t]-Pv- 54)-:- n-Êw-i-bw-,- C-Xv- a-p-jy-nÀ-an-X-am-Wv.- nÀ-an-X- lZoYp-
I-fp-sS- k-am-lm-c-¯nÂ-t]m-epw- C-Xv- Rm³- I-n-«n-Ã.- F-¶mÂ- Cu- ImeL-
«-¯nÂ- k³-B'- ]-«-W-¯n-ep-Å- IÀ-½-im-kv-{X- hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡n-S-bnÂ-
C-Xv- {]-N-cn-¡p-I-bpw- A-h-cnÂ- ]-e-cpw- A-Xv- {]m-hÀ-¯n-I-am-¡p-I-bpw- sN¿p
¶p.- A-hÀ-¡p-th-n- C-Xv- nÀ-an-¨-Xm-cm-sW-¶v- F-n-¡-dn-bn-Ã?- hym-P-hmZn-
I-sf- A-Ãm-lp- X-cw- Xm-gv-¯-s«''.-
Xp-SÀ-¶v- e-Iv--hn- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- N-cy-I-fpw- IÀ-¯-hy-§-fpw- hn-h-cn-¡p-¶-
{K-v-Y-§-fnÂ- hy-Xy-kv-X- cq-]-§-fnÂ- I-p-h-cp-¶- Cu- l-Zo-Yv- nÀ-an-XamsW-
¶v- kv-Ym-]n-¡p-¶-Xn-p-th-n- Xm-Xzn-I-hpw- ZmÀ-i-n-I-hp-am-b- sX-fn-hp-IÄ-
DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-v- d-Zv-DÂ- C-Jv-hm³ A³- ap-lv-Z-Ym-Xn- B-Jn-cn- Pp-ap-AXn-
d-a-fm³ (d-a-fm-n-se- A-h-km-- sh-Ån-bm-gv-N-bn-se- q-X-m-Nm-c-§-fnÂ-
n¶pw- k-tlm-Z-c-§-sf- ]n-·m-äÂ)- F-¶- t]-cnÂ- l-r-kz-am-b- H-cp-]-ym-kw-
X-¿m-dm-¡n.- a--Êp-IÄ-¡v- D-t·-jw- ]-I-cp-¶-Xpw- Im-Xp-IÄ- {i-²n-¨v- tIÄt¡-
-Xp-am-b- [m-cm-fw- {]tbm-P--I-c-am-b- Im-cy-§Ä- A-XnÂ- DÄ-s¡m-Ån-¨n«p-
v.- A-Xn-mÂ,- A-Xv- ]-cn-tim-[n-¡p-I.- XoÀ-¨-bm-bpw- A-Xv- Cu- hn-j-b¯nÂ-
A-aq-ey-hpw- D-¶-X- n-e-hm-c-¯n-ep-Å-Xp-am-Wv''-
Rm³- (AÂ-_m-n)- ]-d-bp-¶p:- -C-¯-cw- hym-P-l-ZoYp-IÄ- IÀ-a-im-kv{X-
{K-v-Y-¯nÂ- D-²-cn-¡-p-¶-Xv- Im-c-Ww- ]-cn-K-Wn-¡m-hp-¶- l-Zo-Yv- {K-v-Y-§fnÂ-
n-¶-Ãm-sX- D-²-cn-¡p-¶- a-äv- l-Zo-Yp-I-fp-sS- hn-izm-ky-X- -jv-S-s¸-«p-t]mIpw.-
A-e-n- AÂ-Jm-cn-C-sâ- hm-N-I-¯nÂ- C-¯-c-sam-cp- kq-N-- DÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶pv.-
(l-Zo-Yn-s³-d)- ta-J-e-bnÂ- A-{K-K-Wy-cm-b- B-fp-I-fnÂ-n-¶p-X-s¶- l-Zo-Yv-
kzoI-cn-¡Â- H-cp- ap-kv-en-an-s³-d- _m-[y-X-bm-Wv.- ]-g-a-¡mÀ-]-d-bp-¶-Xv- t]m
se,- a-¡m- hm-kn-IÄ-¡m-Wv- A-hn-sS-bp-Å- a-e-¼m-X-IÄ- -¶m-b-dn-bp-I'',-
Iq-Sm-sX,- ho-«p-ImÀ-¡m-Wv- A-Xn-ep-Å-h-sb-¡p-dn-¨v- -¶m-b-dn-bp-I''.-
6.- C-amw- -h-hn- AÂ- a-Pv-aq-Av- iÀ-lp-ap-l-±-_n- (1/60)Â- ]-d-ª-Xn-s³-d- Np-cp
¡w C-Xm-Wv-:- l-Zo-Yn-s³-d- B-fp-I-fn-Â-s¸-«- kq-£v-a-im-en-I-f-m-b- ]-WvUnX-
·m-cpw- a-äpw- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- l-Zo-Yv- ZpÀ-_-e-am-sW-¦nÂ,- A-Xn-s-¡p-dn-¨v- d-kqÂ-
(e)- ]-d-ªp-'-;- sN-bv-Xp'-;- IÂ-]n-¨p'-;- hn-tcm-[n-¨p'-;- A-sÃ-¦nÂ- A-Xv- t]mse-
bp-Å- D-d-¸n-s- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶- hm-¡p-IÄ- D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v- ]-d-b-cp-Xv.- F-¶mÂ-
A-h-sb-¡p-dn-¨v,- -_n-bnÂ-n-¶pw- dn-t¸mÀ-«v- sN-¿-s¸-«n-«p-v'-;- D-²-cn-¡-s¸«n-
«p-v-'-;- n-th-Z-w- sN-¿-s¸-«n-«p-v'-þ- F-¶n-§-s-bp-Å- A-n-iv-Nn-X-Xzw- kqNn
¸n-¡p-¶- hm-¡p-IÄ- D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v- ]-d-bp-I.- A-hÀ- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- D-d-¸n-s- kqNn-
¸n¡p-¶- hm-¡p-IÄ- kz-lo-lm-b- l-Zo-Yp-I-fp-sS-bpw- l-k-m-b- l-Zo-Yp-Ifp-
sS-bpw- hn-j-b-¯n-em-Wv.- A-X-Ãm-¯-h¡v- A-n-iv-Nn-X-Xz-¯n-s³-d- hm-¡pI-
fp-am-Wv.- F-s´-¶mÂ,- D-d-¸n-s- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶- hm-¡p-IÄ- Xp-SÀ-¶v- h-cp-¶-
A-yq--am-b-Xn-tm-Sv- tNÀ-¯v- ]-d-bp-¶-Xm-Wv.- A-Xn-mÂ,- A-yq-
ambXntm-sSm-¸-a-Ãm-sX- kz-X-{´-am-bn- A-h- D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m-h-X-Ã.- A-§s-
b-sÃ-¦nÂ,- H-cp-h³- -_n(e)-sb-¡p-dn-¨v- I-f-hv- ]-d-bp-¶-Xm-bn-«v- h-cpw.- t½m-
sSm-¸-ap-Å-Xpw- A-Ãm-¯-Xp-am-b- c-N-bn-Xm-¡-fpw- IÀ-a-im-kv-{X- ]-Wv-Un-X·m-
cnÂ- `q-cn-`m-K-hpw- Cu- H-cp- a-cym-Z-bp-sS- Im-cy-¯nÂ- D-t]-£- Im-Wn-¡p-¶pv.-
h-en-b- ]-Wv-Un-X-·m-cnÂ- ]-e-cpw- C-Xn-epÄ-s¸-Spw.- n-]p-W-cm-b- ap-l-±o-YpIÄ-
H-gn-sI.- C-Xv- e-Pv-Pm-h-l-am-b- A-{i-²-bm-Wv.- Im-c-Ww- A-hÀ- kz-lo-lm-b-
l-Zo-Yn-s-¡p-dn-¨v- A-t±-l-¯nÂ-n-¶pw- dn-t¸mÀ-«v- sN-¿p-¶p'- F-¶pw- ZpÀ_-
e-am-b- l-Zo-Yn-s- Ip-dn-¨v- A-t±-lw- ]-d-ªp'' F-¶pw- H-cph³- dn-t¸mÀ-«v-
sN-¿p-¶p'- F-¶pw- ]-d-bpw.- C-Xv- k-Xy-¯nÂ-n-¶pw- A-Xn-hn-Zq-c-am-Wv.-
24 25

{K-v-Y-c-N--¡p-Å- Im-c-W-§Ä-
Cu- hn-j-bw- k-a-{K-am-bn- ssI-Im-cyw- sN-¿p-¶- H-cp- {K--v-Yw-
F-n-¡v- I-s-¯m³- km-[n-¨n-«n-Ãm-¯-Xn-mÂ,- X-Iv-_oÀ- ap-XÂ-
X-kv-enw- h-sc-bp-Å- -_n- (e)-bp-sS- -a-kv-I-m-c-¯n-sâ- cq-]w- apgp-
h³- H-cp-an-¨v- tNÀ-¯p-sIm--p-Å- H-cp- ]p-kv-X-Iw- B-cm-[-m- IÀa
§-fnÂ- -_n-(e)-bp-sS- amÀ-Kw- ]n³-]-ä-W-sa-¶m-{K-ln-¡p-¶-
Fs³d- ap-kv-enw- k-tlmZ-c-·mÀ-¡v- th-n- X-¿m-dm-¡Â- F-sâ-
_m-[y-X-bm-bn- Rm³- a--Ên-em-¡n.- am-{X-a-Ã- -_n-(e)-sb- b-YmÀ-
°- cq-]-¯nÂ- kv-t-ln-¡p-¶-hÀ-¡v- Rm³- -a-kv-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv-
I--Xv- t]m-se- n-§-fpw- -a-kv-I-cn-¡p-I''- F-¶- A-hn-Sp-s¯-
IÂ-]-- ]qÀ-¯o-I-cn-¡m³- F-fp-¸-¯nÂ- km-[n-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿pw.-
A-§-s- `m-c-ta-dn-b- Cu- D-Zy-a-¯n-v- Rm³- X-bm-dm-bn.- C-Xn-
te-¡v- A-p-tbm-Py-am-b- l-Zo-Yp-IÄ- e-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-m-bn- Rm³-
hn-hn-[- l-Zo-Yv- {K-v-Y-§Ä- ]-c-Xn.- A-Xn-sâ- ^-e-am-Wv- n-§-fpsS-
ssI-I-fn-en-cn-¡p-¶- Cu- ]p-kv-X-Iw.- hn-ip-²- l-Zo-Yn-se- n-b-a§-
fpw- n-Zm-- im-kv-{X-§-fpw- hn-[n-¡p-¶- D-d-¨- ]-c-¼-c-tbm-Sv- IqSnbp-
Å- l-Zo-Yp-I-f-Ãm-¯-sXm-¶pw- D-²-cn-¡p-I-bn-sÃ-¶- hy-h-kv-Y-
Rm³- kz-bw- n-iv-N-bn-¨p.- A-dn-b-s¸-Sm-¯-tXm,- ZpÀ-_-e-tm- Bb-
dn-t¸mÀ-«À-am-cp-sS-sb-Ãmw- l-Zo-Yp-IÄ- Rm³- H-gn-hm-¡n-þ A-Xv- (a-
kv-Im-c-¯n-sâ)- _m-ly-cq-]w- am-{Xw- ssI-Im-cyw- sN-¿p-¶-Xm-
bmepw,- {]mÀ-°--I-fm-bm-epw,- A-Xn-sâ- t{i-jv-T-X- hn-h-cn-¡p-¶Xm-
bm-epw,- A-X-Ãm-¯-h-bm-bm-epw- i-cn.- F-´p-sIm-s-¶mÂ- ZpÀ-
Jp-em-k-¯n-Zp-em-CÂ,- lm-^n-kv- ssk-e-Cu-bp-sS- -kv-_v-AÀdm-
b-en-A-lm-Zo-YnÂ-ln-Zm-b-,- A-Xn-s³-d- kw-£n-]v-X-cq-]-am-b- lm^n-
kv- C-_v-p- l-P-dpÂ- A-kv-J-em-n-bp-sS- A-±n-dm-b-;- A-t±-l-¯ns³d
-X-s¶- XÂ-Jo-kpÂ- l-_oÀ- ^o- X-Jv-co-Pn- A-lm-Zo-YnÀ- dm^n
CuÂ- I-_oÀ-;- C-n-bpw- [m-cm-f-ap-v.- ssZÀ-Lyw- `-b-¶v- A-h-
sbm-¶pw- D-²-cn-¡p-¶n-Ã-.-
26 27

Cu- ]p-kv-X-Iw- Rm³- c-v- `m-K-§-fm-bn-«m-Wv- t{Im-Uo-I-cn¨Xv:-
{]-[m-- `m-K-hpw- A-p-_-v-[-hpw.- l-Zo-Yp-I-fp-sS- a-Xv-pw'- (aq-e
hm-Iyw)- A-XnÂ-n-¶v- X-s¶-sb-Sp-¡p-¶- A-p-tbm-Py-am-b- hmIymw-
i-§-fpw,- B-Zym-h-km-w- kp-K-a-am-¡n- hm-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-p-th-n-
D-Nn-X-am-b- hm-¡p-IÄ-sIm-v- tImÀ-¯n-W-¡n-b-h- DÄ-s¡m-ÅpI-
bpw- sN-¿p-¶-Xm-Wv- {]-[m-- `m-Kw.- l-Zo-Yn-sâ- D-Å-S-¡-hpw- ]Z§-
fp-w- kp-¶-¯n-sâ- {K-v-Y-§-fnÂ- Im-Wp-¶- A-tX- cq-]-¯nÂ-X-
s¶- DÄ-s¡m-Ån-¡p-hm³- Rm³- h-f-sc-b-[n-Iw- {i-²n-¨n-«p-v.-
Htc- l-Zo-Yv- X-s¶- hy-Xy-kv-X- cq-]-¯nÂ- D-Å-Xm-sW-¦nÂ- hmb-
kp-K-a-am-¡p-¶-Xn-v- D-]-I-cn-¡p-¶- cq-]-am-Wv- Rm³- sX-c-sª-Sp-
¯-Xv.- F-¶mÂ- _m-¡n-bp-Å- cq-]-§Ä- ''-(a-säm-cp- D-²-c-Wn-bnÂ...)'',-
A-sÃ-¦nÂ- (a-säm-cp- dn-t¸mÀ-«nÂ....)'' F-¶n-§-s- sIm-Sp-¯p-
sIm-v- H-cp-an-¨v- tNÀ-¯n-«p-v.- A-]qÀ-hw- Nn-e- k-µÀ-`-§-fn-eÃm-
sX,- n-th-Z-w- sN-bv-X- kz-lm-_n-bp-sS- t]-cv- hy-Iv-X-am-¡n-bn«nÃ.-
A-Xp-t]m-se,- hm-b--bpw- ]-cn-tim-[--bpw- kp-K-a-am-¡p-¶-Xn-v-
l-Zo-Yv- ti-J-cn-¨- C-am-ap-I-fp-sS- t]-cp-I-fpw- hy-Iv-X-am-¡n-bn-«n-Ã.-
F-¶mÂ,- A-p-_-v-[- `m-K-am-I-s«,- A-Xv- {]-[m-- `m-K-¯n-sâ-
hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-am-Wv.- {]-[m-- `m-K-¯v- D-²-cn-¨- l-Zo-Yp-I-fp-sS- XJv-
co-Pv'- R-m³- A-XnÂ- DÄ-s¡m-Ån-¨n-«p-v.- A-tXm-sSm-¸w,- A-Xnsâ-
]-Z-§-sf-Ip-dn-¨pw n-th-Z-w- sN-¿-s¸-«- hy-Xy-kv-X- amÀ-K-§-sf-
Ip-dn-¨pw A-Xn-sâ- ]-c-¼-c-sb-Ip-dn-¨pw- dn-t¸mÀ-«À-am-sc-Ip-dn-¨p-Å-
A-p-Iq-e-hpw- {]-Xn-Iq-e-hp-am-b- ]-cm-aÀ-i-§-fpw.- l-Zo-Yv- n-Zm--
im-kv-{X- n-b-a-a-p-k-cn-¨v- l-Zo-Yv- kz-lo-lm-tWm,- f-Cu-^m-tWm-
F-¶p-Å-Xn-s- Ip-dn-¨p-ap-Å- hn-i-Z-am-b- ]-T--hpw- Rm³- DÄ-s¡m-
Ån-¨n-«p-v.- ]-e-t¸m-gpw- Nn-e- amÀ-K-¯n-eq-sS-bp-Å- D-²-c-Wn-IfnÂ-
a-äp- Nn-e-XnÂ- Im-Wm-¯- hm-¡p-IÄ- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn- Im-Wmw.- A¯-
cw- k-µÀ-`-§-fnÂ,- kp-K-a-am-b- hm-b--¡v- `w-Kw- h-cm-¯- co-XnbnÂ,-
A-[n-I-cn-¨v- h-¶- B- hm-¡p-IÄ- km-[y-am-Ip-¶n-S-t¯mfw-þN-Xpc-
{_m-¡-äp-I-fnÂ,- [ ] DÄ-s¡m-Ån-¨n-«p-v.- A--[n-I-ap-Å- B- `m-Kw-
B-cv- D-²-cn-¨-Xm-sW-¶v- ]-e-t¸m-gpw- hy-Iv-X-am-¡n-bn-«n-Ã.- H-tc-
kzlm-_n-bnÂ-n-¶pw- h-¶- l-Zo-Yp-IÄ-¡v- am-{X-sa- C-§-s- sNbv-
Xn«p-Åq.- A-§-s-b-Ãm-¯-h-bnÂ,- l-Zo-Yp-IÄ- kz-X-{´-am-bn- D²-
cn-¨n-«p-v.- {]m-cw-`- {]mÀ-°-''- F-¶- A-[ym-b-¯n-epw- a-äpw- AXv-
_-e-am-b- l-Zo-Yp-I-fp-sS-sbm-¶pw- B-h-iy-an-Ãm-¯-hn-[w,- kv-Yncs¸-
«-h-
(1) -
X-s¶- ]-cym-]v-X-am-Wv- F-¶v- Rm³- D-d-¨v- hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶p.-
Im-c-Ww- ZpÀ-_-e-am-b- l-Zo-Yp-IÄ- f-¶v'- (Du-lw,- kw-i-bw)- AÃm-
sX- {]-[m-w- sN-¿p-¶n-Ã- F-¶- Im-cy-¯nÂ- A-`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-
an-Ã.- A-Xpw,- sX-äm-b- Du-l-am-Wv.- A-Ãm-lp- ]-d-ª-Xp-t]m-se:-
XoÀ-¨-bm-bpw- Dulw,- k-Xy-¯n-s-Xn-cnÂ- H-cp-]-Im-c-hpw- sN-
¿p-¶n-Ã''- (53:-28).-
-_n-(e)- ]-d-ªp-:- n-§Ä- Du-l-s¯- kq-£n-¡p-I-!- Im-cWw,-
Du-lw- hÀ-¯-am--§-fnÂ- G-ä-hpw- I-f-hm-b- H-¶m-Wv''-(2) -
A-Xn-mÂ,- ZpÀ-_-e-am-b-h- A-Sn-kv-Ym--am-¡n-s¡m-v- -ap-¡v-
A-Ãm-lp-hn-s- B-cm-[n-¡m³- ]m-Sp-Å-X-Ã.- am{X-a-Ã,- d-kqÂ-(e)-
-t½m-Sv- A-Xv- hn-e-¡n-bn-«p-ap-v.- A-dn-hv- Iq-Sm-sX- F-s¶-¡pdn¨v-
]-d-bp-¶-Xv- n-§Ä- kq-£n-¡p-I''-(3)
ZpÀ-_-e-am-b-h- D-²-cn-¡p-¶Xv-
A-hn-Sp-¶v- hn-e-¡n-bn-«p-Å-Xn-mÂ,- A-X-p-k-cn-¨v- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p¶-
Xpw- hn-e-¡-s¸-«-Xm-sW-¶v- ]-d-tb--Xn-Ã-tÃm.-
1.- kv-Yn-c-s¸-«- l-Zo-Yv' F-¶mÂ- ap-l-±n-Yo-§-fp-sS- A-Sp-¡Â- kz-lo-lpw' lk
pw'- DÄ-s¸-Spw.- l-Zo-Yv- kz-lo-lv- en-Zm-Xn-ln'-tbm,- kz-lo-lv- en- ssK-cnln'
tbm,- l-k³- en-Zm-Xn-ln'-tbm-,- l-k³- en- ssK-cn-ln'-tbm- B-bm-epw- icn.-
2.- _p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-
3.- kz-lo-lv-þXnÀ-an-Zn,-- A-lv-a-Zv,-- C-_v-p- A-_o-ssi-_- F-¶n-hÀ- D-²-cn-¨-Xv.-
ssi-Jv- ap-l-½-Zv,- k-Cu-ZpÂ- l-e-_n- X-sâ- ap-kÂ-k-em-¯n-(1/2)Â- _p-Jm
cn-bn-te-¡v- tN-À-¯v- ]-d-ªn-«p-v.- A-Xv- ]n-g-hm-Wv.- Cu- l-Zo-Yv- b-YmÀ-°
¯nÂ- ZpÀ-_-e-am-sW-¶v- ]n-¶o-Sv- F-n-¡v- hy-Iv-X-am-bn.- C-_v-p- A-_o- ssi
_-bp-sS- ]-c-¼-c- kz-lo-lm-sW-¶v- hn-[n-¡p-¶-Xn-v- Rm³- ap-m-hn'-bm-Wv-
B-{i-bn-¨ncp-¶-Xv.- F-¶mÂ- Rm³- X-s¶- A-Xv- I-s-¯m-n-S-bm-bn.- A-Xv-
{]-I-S-am-b- ZpÀ_-e-X-bp-Å-Xm-Wv-.- Xn-À-an-Zn-bp-sS-bpw- a-äpw- ]-c-¼-c- X-s¶bmWv-
A-Xpw.- knÂkn-e-¯p-Â- A-lm-Zo-Yp-Å-Cu-^(.- 1783)- F-¶- F-sâ- {K-vYw-
]-cn-tim-[n-¡p-I.- CXn-sâ- kv-Ym--¯v- h-cp-¶-Xm-Wv- -_n-bp-sS- Cu- hm¡pIÄ.
hym-P-am-sW-¶v- hy-Iv-X-am-b- H-cp- l-Zo-Yv- F-¶nÂ-n-¶pw- B-sc-¦n-epw-
D²cn¨mÂ- A-h³- I-f-hv- ]-d-bp-¶-h-cnÂ- s]-«-h-m-bn''- ap-kv-en-apw- a-äpw-
D²-cn-¨-Xv.- knÂ-kn-e-¯pÂ-- A-l-Am-Zo-Yp-Å-Cu^- bp-sS- B-ap-Jw- ]-cntim-
[n-¡p-I- (hmeyw- H-¶v).-
F-¶mÂ- A-Xn-t-¡mÄ- ]-cym-]v-X-am-Wv- -_n-(e-)-bp-sS- Cu- hm-¡p-IÄ:-
F-¶nÂ-n-¶pw- l-Zo-Yp-IÄ- hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv- n-§Ä- kq-£n-¡p-I.- Fs¶¡p
dn-¨v- B-cpw- k-Xy-hpw- b-YmÀ-°-hp-a-Ãm-sX- ]-d-b-cp-Xv.- B-sc-¦n-epw- Rm³- ]-d-
bm-¯- H-cp- Im-cyw- F-sâtaÂ- ]-d-ªmÂ,- A-h³- -c-I-¯nÂ- A-h-v- thn-
C-cn-¸n-Sw- H-cp-¡n-s¡m-Å-s«''.- C-_v-p- A-_o--ssi-_- (8/760)-;- AlvaZv F-¶n-
h-cpw- a-äpw- D-²-cn-¨-Xv.- kz-lo-l(1753)bn-Â- C-Xn-sâ- X-Jv-co-Pv'- sImSp¯n-«pv.-
28 29

Im-Wm-hp-¶-Xv- t]m-se.- a-äv- ]p-kv-X-I-§-fn-sem-¶pw- Im-Wm³- Ign-
bm-¯- A-aq-ey-am-b- H-cp- kw-K-Xn-bmWn-Xv.- A-Ãm-lp-hn-¶m-Ip-¶p-
kÀ-Æ-kv-Xp-Xn-bpw-!- A-h-sâ- A-p-{K-lw- sIm-m-Wv- kÂ-IÀ-a-
§Ä- ]qÀ-¯o-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.-
ti-jw,- mw- hn-h-cn-¨- l-Zo-Yp-I-sf-Ip-dn-¨v- ]-Wv-Un-X-·m-cp-sS-
A-`n-{]m-b-§-fpw,- A-tXm-sS-m-¸w- Hm-tcm- A-`n-{]m-b-¯n-pw- A-pIq-
e-hpw- {]-Xn-Iq-e-hp-am-bp-Å- sX-fn-hp-I-fpw.- A-h-bp-sS- NÀ-¨-bpw-
A-p-_-v-[- `m-K-¯v- kq-Nn-¸n-¨n-«p-v.- ti-jw- A-XnÂ-n-¶v- i-cn-
bm-b- A-`n-{]m-bw- sX-c-sª-Sp-¯v- {]-[m-- `m-K-¯v- sIm-Sp-¯p.-
kp-¶-¯nÂ- hy-Iv-X-am-bn- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-¨n-«n-Ãm-¯- C-Pv-Xn-lm-Zv'- (Kth-
j-Ww)- B-h-iy-ap-Å- Nn-e- hn-j-b-§-fpw- A-p-_-v-[- `m-K-¯v-
DÄ-s¡m-Ån-¨p.- F-¶mÂ,- A-Xv- -½p-sS- Cu- ]p-kv-X-I-¯n-se-
hn-j-b-hp-am-bn- _-v-[-s¸-«-X-Ã.-
]-e- Im-c-W-§Ä-sIm-pw- {]-[m-- `m-K-hpw- A-p-_-v-[- `mK
hpw- H-¶n-¨v- Cu- ]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ- DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-v- {]-kn-²o-
I-cn-¡m³- km-[y-a-Ãm-¯-Xn-mÂ þC³-im- A-Ãm-lv-þ {]-[m-- `mKw-
am-{Xw- DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-m-Wv- {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡m³- D-t±-in-¡p-
¶-Xv.- A-Xn-v- kzn-^¯p-kz-e-m-¯n-¶-_n-¿n-(e)-an--¯-Iv-_oÀ-
C-e-¯-kv-eo-w-I-A-¶-I-X-dm-lm(-_n-(e)-bp-sS- -a-kv-Im-c-¯n-
sâ- hn-h-c-Ww-þX-Iv-_oÀ- ap-XÂ- X-kv-eow- h-sc- n-§Ä- tm-¡n-
¡m-Wp-¶-Xv- t]m-se) F-¶v- m-a-I-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xp.-
A-Ãm-lp-hn-sâ- h-Pv-lv- am-{Xw- {]-Xo-£n-¨p-sIm-p-Å- {]hÀ¯-
-am-¡p-hm-pw- A-Xv-aq-ew- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-b- F-sâ- k-tlm-
Zc-·mÀ-¡v- {]-tbm-P--s¸-Sp-hm-pw- Rm³- A-Ãm-lp-thm-Sv- tNm-Zn-
¡p-¶p.- A-h³-X-s¶-bm-Wv- (F-Ãmw)-tIÄ-¡p-¶-h-pw- D-¯-cw-
sN¿p-¶-h-pw.-
]p-kv-X-I-{I-ao-I-c-Ww-
-_n(e)-bp-sS- -a-kv-Im-c-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v- amÀK-ZÀ-i-w- Â-
IpI- F-¶-Xv- am-{X-am-Wv- Cu- {K-v-Y-¯n-sâ- hn-j-bw.- A-Xp-
sImp-X-s¶- ap-¼v- hn-h-cn-¨- Im-c-W-¯mÂ,- Rm³- G-sX-¦n-epw-
H-cp- {]tXy-I- a-Zv-l-_nÂ- H-«n-t¨À-¶v- nÂ-¡p-¶-Xv- kw-`-hn-¨p-
IqSm³- ]m-SnÃm-¯-X-m-Wv.- -_n-(e)-bnÂ-n-¶pw- h-¶- kv-Yn-c-
s¸«- l-ZoYp-IÄ- am{X-sa- Rm³- D-²-cn-¡p-I-bp-Åq.- C-Xv- X-s¶-
bm-Wv- ]u-cm-Wn-I-cpw- B-[p-n-I-cp-am-b-( 1 ) -
l-Zo-Yv- ]-W-v-Un-
1.- AÂ-þ^-Xm-hm(1/148)bn-Â- kp-_v-In- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- ap-kv-enw-IÄ-¡v- G-ä-hpw- {][m-
-s¸-«- hn-j-bw- -a-kv-I-m-c-am-Wv.- A-XnÂ- Pm{KX- ]m-en-¡-epw,- A-Xn-sâ-
nÀh-l-Ww- D-d-¸v- h-cp-¯-epw,- A-Xn-sâ- Nn-lv-§Ä- n-e-nÀ-¯-epw- Hmtcm-
ap-kv-en-an-pw- nÀ-_-v-[-am-Wv.- -a-kv-Im-c-hp-am-bn- _v-[-s¸-«v,- k-Xy-¯nÂ-
n-¶pw- H-gn-ªv- am-dm³- ]-äm-¯- co-Xn-bnÂ- A-`n-{]m-b- sF-Iy-ap-Å- (C-Pv-am
Av)- Im-cy-§-fpw,- A-Xn-se- _m-[y-X-I-fnÂ- ]-Wv-Un-X-·mÀ-¡n-S-bnÂ- A-`n{]mb-
hy-Xym-k-ap-Å- hn-j-b-§-fp-ap-v.- A-XnÂ- k-zo-I-cn-t¡- am-y-am-b- kao]-
w- C-h- c-m-Wv-:- km-[n-¡p-sa-¦nÂ,- A-`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ap-Å- Im-cy-§fnÂ-
n-s¶-Ãmw- am-dn-nÂ-¡p-I,- A-X-sÃ-¦nÂ- -_n-(e)-bnÂ-n¶pw- kz-lo-lmbn-
h-¶-Xn-te-¡v- tm-¡p-I-bpw- A-XnÂ- D-d-¨v- nÂ-¡p-Ibpw- sN-¿p-I-.- C-Xv- HcmÄ-
sN-bv-XmÂ,- A-h-sâ- -a-kv-Im-cw,- i-cn-bm-b-Xpw,- k-¨-cn-X-hpw- A-Ãm-lp-hnsâ-
Cu- hm-¡p-I-fnÂ- DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶-Xp-am-bnþ
A-Xn-mÂ- h-Ã-h-pw- X-sâ- c-£n-Xm-hp-am-b-n- I-p-ap-«p-sa-¶v- B-{K-ln
¡p¶p-sh-¦nÂ- A-h³- kÂ-IÀ-½w- {]-h-À-¯n-¡-s«.-''- (AÂ-I-lv-^v- 18:-110)-
Rm³- (AÂ-_m-n)- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- c-m-a-s¯- k-ao-]--am-Wv- G-ä-hpw- A-p
tbmPy-am-b-Xv.- A-Ã,- nÀ-_-v-[-am-b-Xv.- Im-c-Ww,- B-Zy-s¯- k-ao-]-w- ]-e-
hn-jb§-fn-epw- A-km-[y-am-Wv- F-¶-Xn-v- ]p-d-sa,- Rm³- -a-kv-I-cn-¡p-¶Xv-
30

X-·mÀ-(2)
kzo-I-cn¨- a-Zv-l-_v.- C-{]-Im-cw- ]-d-ª-Xv- h-fsc- -¶m-
bn-cn-¡p-¶pþ
l-Zo-Yn-sâ- B-fp-IÄ-þ A-hÀ- X-s¶-bm-Wv-
{]-hm-N-I-sâ-bpw- B-fp-IÄ;-
F-Ãm- D-Nv-O-m-k-§-fn-epw- A-hÀ- A-hn-Sp-t¯m-sSm-¸-am-Wv;-
A-hÀ- A-hn-Sp-t¯m-sSm-¸w k-l-h-kn-¨n-«n-sÃ-¦n-epw-.-''-(3)
- A-Xn-mÂ,- A-Ãm-lp- D-t±-in-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ,- Hm-tcm- hnjb-
¯n-pw- A-p-tbm-Py-am-b- Im-cy-§Ä- hn-hn-[- l-Zo-Yv- {K-v-Y-§fnÂ-
n-¶pw- hn-hn-[- a-Zv-l-_p-I-fp-sS- IÀ-a-im-kv-{X- {K-v-Y-§-fnÂ-n¶pw-
Cu- ]p-kv-X-I-¯nÂ- H-cp-a-n-¨v- tNÀ-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.- A-Xp-Imc-Ww,-
C-Xn-ep-Å- ]-e- bm-YmÀ-°y-§-fpw- a-tä-sX-¦n-epw- {K-v-Y-¯n-tem,-
a-Zv-l-_n-tem- ]qÀ-W-am-bn- Im-Wm³- km-[n-¡p-I-bn-Ã.- A-Xn-mÂ,-
A-Ãm-lp- D-t±-in-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ,- A-X-p-k-cn-¨v- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p¶-
h³,- A-Ãm-lp- k-·mÀ-K-¯n-em-¡n-b-h-cp-sS- Iq-«-¯n-em-bn-cn-¡pw.-
F-¶mÂ- G-sXm-cp- k-Xy-¯nÂ-n-¶v- A-hÀ- `n-¶n-¨-I-¶p-thm,-
B- k-Xy-¯n-te-¡v- A-Ãm-lp- X-sâ- XmÂ-]-cy-{]-Im-cw- k-Xy-hnizm-
kn-IÄ-¡v- h-gn- Im-Wn¨-p.- Xm-p-t±-in-¡p-¶-h-sc-,- A-Ãm-lp- i-cn-
bm-b- ]m-X-bn-te-¡v- -bn-¡p-¶p''-(4)
ti-jw,- Cu- co-Xn- Rm³- kz-bw- kzo-I-cn-¨-t¸mÄ,- A-Xm-b-Xv,-
kv-Yn-c-s¸-«- kp-¶-¯n-s- ap-dp-sI- ]n-Sn-¡p-I-bpw- A-Xv- Cu- ]pkvX-
I-¯n-epw- a-äp-Å-h-bn-epw- {]m-hÀ-¯n-I-am-¡p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-t¸mÄ,-
P--§-fn-ep-Å- F-Ãm- I-£n-I-sf-bpw- a-Zv-l-_p-Im-sc-bpw- H-cp-
t]mse- Xr-]v-Xn-s¸-Sp-¯m³- km-[n-¡p-I-bn-sÃ-¶v- F-n-¡v- A-dnbm-
am-bn-cp-¶p.- am-{X-a-Ã,- A-h-cnÂ- Nn-eÀ- F-s¶- ]-cn-l-k-n-¡p-sa¶pw-
B-t£-]n-¡p-sa-¶pw- F-n-¡-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p.- F-¶mÂ- CsXm
¶pw- F-n-¡v- {]-iv--a-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p.- Im-c-Ww,- P--§-sf- ap-gp-h³-
H-cp- t]m-se- Xr-]v-Xn-s¸-Sp-¯p-I- F-¶- B-i-bw- A-{]m-]y-am-sW¶v-
F-n-¡v- -¶m-bn- A-dn-bmw.- dkqÂ-(e)- ]-d-ª-Xp-t]m-se- AÃm-
lp-hn-s- sh-dp-¸n-¨p-sIm-v- P--§-sf- Xr-]v-Xn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-h-s
A-Ãm-lp- P-§-fnte-¡v- Np-a-X-e-tbÂ-]n-¨v- sIm-Sp-¡pw''-
(5)
Cu- h-cn-I-fp-sS- D-]-Pv-Rm-Xm-hn-v- A-Ãm-lp- {]-Xn-^-ew- ÂIs«:-
B-t£-]-¯nÂ-n-¶pw- c-£-s¸-Sm³- F-n-¡v- km-[n-¨n-«n-Ã- X-s¶,-
Rm-sm-cp- ZpÀ-L-S-am-b- a-e-ap-I-fn-se- Kp-l-bn-em-bn-«p-t]m-epw;
P--§-fnÂ-n-¶pw- kp-c-£n-X-am-bn- c-£-s¸-Sm³-
km-[n-¡p¶h³- B-cp-v,-
A-h-sm-cp- ]-cp-´n-sâ- Nn-d-In--Sn-bn-sem-fn-¨mÂ- t]m-epw.''-
k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-tfm-Sv- A-Ãm-lp- IÂ-]n-¨-Xpw- Zq-X-·m-cp-sS- t-
Xm-hm-b- -½p-sS- -_n- ap-l-½-Zv-(e)- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¨-Xp-am-b- Gähpw-
sNm-Æm-b- amÀ-K-am-Wv- A-Xv- F-¶- F-sâ- hn-izm-kw- X-s¶- Fn¡v-
]-cym-]v-X-am-Wv.- A-Xv- X-s¶-bm-Wv- kz-lm-_n-I-fpw- Xm-_n-D-I-fpw,-
A-hÀ-¡v- ti-j-ap-Å-h-cp-apÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶- k-¨-cn-X-cm-b- ap³-Kman
Ifpw-- (k-e-^p-Êzm-en-lv)- kzo-I-cn-¨- amÀ-Kw.- C-¶v- `q-cn-]-£w- apkv-
enw-I-fpw- a-Zv-l-_p-I-fn-te-¡v- tNÀ-¯n-¸-d-bp-¶- m-ev- C-am-ap-Ifpw-
ChcnÂ- DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶p.- -_n-N-cybnÂ- D-d-¨p-nÂ-¡p-¶-Xn-sâbpw-
I--Xv- t]m-se- n-§-fpw- -a-kv-I-cn¡-p-I''- F-¶- A-hn-Sp-s¯- IÂ-]-- AXneq-
sS- nd-th-ä-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã.- Cu- kv-Yn-Xn-bnÂ- A-h-sâ- -a-kv-Im-cwþn-Êwibwþ
AhnSp-s¯-(e)- -a-kv-I-m-c-¯n-v- F-Xn-cm-bn-¯o-cpw.-
2.- A-_pÂ- l-k-m-Xp-Ã-Iv--hn- C-am-apÂ- I-emw- ^o-am- b-X-A-Ã-Jp- _nÂ- Jndm
A-Xn- JÂ-^Â- C-amw- (156)Â- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- Xp-d-¶- a--tÊm-sS-bpw- ap³-hn-[n-
am-än-nÀ-¯n-s¡m-pw- ^n-Jv-ln-sâ- k-ap-{Z-¯n-te-¡pw,- D-kq-en-te-¡pw- Dufn-
bn-Sp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ,- ]-Wv-Un-X-·mÀ- A-`n-{]mb- `n-¶-X-bn-em-b- A-Sn-kv-Ym-]-
c-hpw- im-Jm-]-c-hp-am-b- ]-e- hn-j-b-§-fn-epw- atäXv- a-Zv-l-_p-I-tf-¡m-fpw-
Gä-hpw- i-Iv-X-am-b-Xv- l-Zo-Y-v- ]-Wv-Un-X-·m-cp-sS- a-Zv-l_m-sW-¶v- kw-i-b-c
ln-X-am-bn- A-h-v- t_m-[y-s¸-Spw.- A-`n-{]m-b- `n-¶-X-bp-sS- im-J-I-fn-eq-sS-
Rm³- k-©cn-¡p-t¼m-sg-Ãmw apl-±n-Yp-I-fp-sS- A-`n-{]m-b-amWv- A-XnÂ- oXn-
bp-am-bn- G-ä-hpw- A-Sp-¯p- nÂ-¡p-¶-Xm-bn- Rm³- Im-Wp-¶-Xv.- A-h-cp-sS-
{]-Xn-^-ew- A-Ãm-lp-hn-¦-em-Wv.- A-h-tcm-Sp-Å- -µn-bpw- A-h-sâbSp-¡-emWv....-
A-Xm-Wv- bm-YmÀ-°yw.- F-§-s- a-dn-¨m-Ipw?- A-h-cm-Wv- -_n-(e)-bp-sS- bYmÀ-
°- A--´-cm-h-Im-in-IÄ;-- A-hn-Sp-s¯- n-b-a- kw-ln-X-I-fp-sS- b-YmÀ-°-
G-Pâp-amÀ.- A-Ãm-lp- -s½- A-h-cp-sS- Iq-«-¯nÂ- DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw- Ahcp-
sS- kv-t-l-¯n-epw- N-cn-X-¯n-ep-am-bn- a-cn-¸n-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿-s«''.-
3.- l-k-p-_v-p- ap-l-½-Zp-¶-k-hn-bp-sS- I-hn-X-bnÂ-n-¶v-;- l-Zo-Yn-sâ-bpw- AXn
sâ- B-fp-I-fp-sS-bpw- t{i-jv-T-X- hn-h-cn¨p-sIm-p-Å- lm-^n-kv- fn-bm-D-±o-pÂ-
a-Jv-Zo-kn-bp-sS- c-N--bnÂ- D-²-cn-¨-Xm-Wn-Xv.-
4.-kq-d-:- AÂ-_-J-d- 2:-213.-
5.-XnÀa-n-Zn-:- Jp-fm-Cu-;- C-_-v-p- _p-iv-dm-pw- a-äpw-.- Cu- l-Zo-Yn-s-bpw- A-Xn-sâ-
]-c-¼-c-sb-bpw- Ip-dn-¨v- A-Jo-Z-¯p-Xz-lm-hn-b -bp-sS- i-À-lnÂ- l-ZoYp-I-sf-
XJv-co-Pv'- sN-¿p-t¼mÄ- hn-h-cn-¨n-«p-v.- ]n-s¶,- knÂ-kn-e-¯pÂ-A-lm-ZoYnÊz
lo-l(2311)-bn-epw,- hn-h-cn-¨p.- C-_v-p- ln-ºm³- kzlo-lm-sW-¶v- ]-d-ªn«pvv.-
32 33

A-Xn-te-¡v- a-S-t§--Xn-sâbpw- A-n-hm-cy-X-bnÂ- C-h-sc-Ãmw-
tbmPn-¨n-«p-v.- A-Xn-v- hn-cp-²-am-b- F-Ãm- hm-¡p-I-sf-bpw- AhÀ-
X-Ån-¡-f-ªn-«p-ap-v.- A-Xv- ]-d-ª-h³- F-{X- a-lm-m-bm-epw-
i-cn-;- Im-c-Ww- -_n-(e)-bp-sS- ]-Z-hn- G-ä-hpw- a-l-Xz-ta-dn-b-Xm-Wv,-
A-hn-Sp-s¯- amÀ-Kw- E-Pp-hm-b-Xp-am-Wv.- A-Xp-Im-c-Ww,- Rm³- Ah-
cp-sS- amÀ-Kw- kzo-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw- A-h-cp-sS- ImÂ-]m-Sp-IÄ- ]n´p-S-
cp-I-bpw- l-Zo-Yn-s- A-Sn-kv-Ym--s¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m-p-Å- F-Ãm- IÂ]-
-I-sf-bpw- ]n³-]-äp-I-bpw- sN-¿pw.- A-h- A-h-cp-sS-X-s¶- A-`n{]m-
b-§Ä-s¡-Xn-cm-bm-epw- i-cn.- t-cm-b- Cu- ]m-X-bnÂ- D-d-¨v- nÂ¡p-
¶-Xn-pw- A-v-[-am-b- X-Jv-eo-ZnÂ- n-¶pw- Xn-cn-ªp-I-fbp-¶-Xnepw-
A-h-cp-sS- Cu- IÂ-]--IÄ- F-s¶- h-f-sc-b-[n-Iw- kzm[o-n-¨n-
«pv.- A-Ãm-lp- A-hÀ-¡v- a-l-¯m-b- -·- {]-Zm-w- sN-¿p-amdmIs«.-
-_n-N-cy-]n³-]äm-pw-A-Xn-s-Xn-cm-bn-«p-Å-A-h-cp-sS-hm¡p-
IÄ- Xn-c-kv-I-cn-¡m-p-ap-Å- C-am-ap-I-fp-sS- {]-kv-Xm-h--IÄ-
A-h-bnÂ- Nn-e-Xv- C-hn-sS- D-²-cn-¡p-¶-Xv- {]-tbm-P--I-c-am-bncn-
¡pw.- Cu- C-am-ap-I-fp-sS- am-{X-a-Ã,- A-h-tc-¡mÄ- ]-Z-hn- Ip-d-ª-
h-cp-sS-t]m-epw- A-`n-{]m-b-§Ä- A-v-[-am-bn- kzo-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw-
(6)
A-h-cp-sS- hm-¡p-I-fn-epw- a-Zv-l-_p-I-fn-epw-þA-h- B-Im-i-¯v-
n¶pw- C-d-§-n-b-Xm-sW-¶ n-e-¡v-þI-Sn-¨p-Xq-§p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶-
hÀ-¡v- C-XnÂ- H-cp- Xm-¡o-Xpw- k-Zp-]-tZ-i-hpw- I-t-¡mw.-
A-Ãm-lp- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- n-§-fp-sS- c-£n-Xm-hn-¦-Â- n-¶v- n-§Ä-
¡m-bn- A-h-X-cn-¸n¡-s¸-«-Xv- n-§Ä- ]n³-]-äp-I.- A-h-p- ]p-d-sa-
a-äp- c-£m-[n-Im-cn-Isf- n-§Ä- ]n³-]-ä-cp-Xv.- h-f-sc- Ip-d-¨v- am-{X-
ta- n-§Ä- Btem-Nn-¨v- a--Ên-em-¡p-¶p-Åq.''-(A-Av-dm-^v- 7:3)-
I .- A-_q-l-o-^- ( )-
A-h-cnÂ- H-¶m-a-s¯-bmÄ- A-_q- l-o^Xp-¶p-Avam-p-_v-p-
Ym-_n-Xv- ( )- B-Wv.- A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- A-p-N-c-·mÀ- At±l¯n
Â-n-¶pw- hn-hn-[-§-fm-b- hm-sam-gn-I-fpw- h-c-sam-gn-I-fpw- n-th-Zw-
sN-bv-Xn-«p-v.- A-h-sb-Ãmw-X-s¶- Hm-tc- Im-cy-¯n-te-¡m-Wv- F¯n-
t¨-cp-¶-Xv.- A-Xv- l-Zo-Yv- kzo-I-cn-t¡--Xn-sâ- A-n-hm-cy-X-bpw-
A-Xn-v- F-Xn-cm-bn-«p-Å- C-am-ap-I-fp-sS- A-`n-{]m-b-§-Ä- X-Ån-¡f-
bm-p-am-Wv.-
1)- l-Zo-Yv- kz-lo-lm-bn- h-¶mÂ,- A-Xm-Wv- F-sâ- a-Zv-l-_v''-
(7)
2) F-hn-sS- n-¶v- mw- kzo-I-cn-¨p- F-¶-dn-bm-sX- -½p-sS- hm¡p-
IÄ- kzo-I-cn-¡Â- H-c-mÄ-¡pw- A-p-h-Z-o-b-a-Ã''-
(8)
a-säm-cp- dn-t¸mÀ-«nÂ-þF-sâ- sX-fn-hp-I-f-dn-bm-sX- F-sâ- hm¡p-
I-fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym--¯nÂ- hn[n- (^-Xv-h)- Â-Ip-¶-Xv- n-jn-²am-
Wv- (l-dmw)''-
a-säm-cp- dn-t¸mÀ-«nÂ- C-§-s-bpw- Iq-Sn-bp-v-:- ...-Im-c-Ww- R§
Ä- a-p-jy-cmWv-;- R-§Ä- C-¶v- H-cp- hm-¡v- ]-d-bpI-bpw-,- msf-
A-Xv- ]n³-h-en-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿pw''.-
6.-Cu- X-Jv-eo-Zn-s- Ip-dn-¨m-Wv- C-amw- Xz-lm-hn- ]-d-ª-Xv:- I-£n-XmÂ-]-cyapÅ
h-pw- hn-Uv-V-n-bp-a-Ãm-sX- X-Jv-eo-Zv- sN-¿p-I-bn-Ã.-'' C-_v-p- B-_n-Zo³- d-kvaÂ-
ap-^v-Xn-(hm.- 1,- t]-Pv- 32)bn-Â- X-sâ- D-]-ym-k-§-fp-sS- k-am-lm-c'¯nÂ-n¶pw-
D-²-cn-¨-Xv.-
7.-C-_v-p- B-_n-Zo³- AÂ-lm-inb(1/63)bn-epw,-- X-sâ- d-kv-apÂ- ap-^v-Xn-(1/4bn
Â- C-_v-p- B-_n-Zo-sâ- D-]-ym-k§-fp-sS- k-am-lm-c-¯nÂ- n-¶pw)-bn-epw-;-
ssi-J-v- kzm-en-lpÂ- -^p-Ãm-n- Cu-Jmf-pÂ-ln-aan-- (t]-Pv- 62)-epw- a-äpw-.- C_vpÂ-
lp-am-an-sâ- Kp-cp-hm-b- C-_v-p-È-lv--XpÂ- I-_o-dn-sâ- iÀ-lv-AÂ-ln-Zm-bbnÂ-
n-¶pw- C-_v-p- B-_n-Zo³- D-²-cn-¡p-¶p-:- a-Zv-l-_n-v- F-Xn-cm-bn- H-cp- lZoYv-
kz-lo-lm-bn- h-¶mÂ- A-h³- l-Zo-Y-p-k-cn-¨v- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-I-bpw- A-Xn-s-
A-h-sâ- a-Zv-l-_v- B-¡p-I-bpw- th-Ww.- l-Zo-Yv- A-p-k-cn-¨v- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p¶Xp
sIm-v- H-cmÄ- l---^--n-bm-Im-Xn-cn-¡p-¶n-Ã-þ Im-c-Ww,- A-_q-l-o--^- ]-dªXmbn-
kz-lo-lm-bn- dn-t¸mÀ-«v- sN-bv-Xn-cn-¡p-¶p.- l-Zo-Y-v- kz-lo-lm-bn- h-¶mÂ,- AXm
Wv- F-sâ- a-Zv-l-_v'- C-Xv- A-_q-l-o^-bnÂ-n-¶pw- ]p-d-sa- a-äp- C-amapIfnÂ-
n-¶pw- C-amw- C-_v-p- A-_v-Zn-Â- _À-dv- D-²-cn-¡p-¶p-v''.-
Rm³- (AÂ-_m-n)- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- C-Xv- A-h-cp-sS- X-Jv-h-bp-sS-bpw- A-dnhnsâ
bpw- ]qÀ-W-X-bp-sS-bpw- `m-K-am-Wv.- Im-c-Ww,- A-hÀ- kp-¶-¯n-s- ap-gp-h-mbn-
h-e-bw- sN-bv-X-h-c-Ã- F-¶m-Wv- Cu- hm-¡p-IÄ-sIm-v- A-hÀ- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p¶Xv.-
am-{X-a-Ã,- ti-jw- h-cp-¶-Xv- t]m-se,- C-amw- im-^n-Cu- C-Xn-s- hy-Iv-Xam¡pI
bpw- sN-bv-Xn-«p-v.- A-hÀ-¡v- F-¯n-bn-«n-Ãm-¯- kp-¶-¯n-v- hncp-²-am-b- A`n
{]mb-§Ä- A-h-cnÂ-n-¶pw- D-m-tb-¡mw.- A-t¸mÄ- kp-¶-¯n-s- ap-dp-sI-
]n-Sn¡m-pw- A-Xv- A-h-cp-sS- a-Zv-l-_n-sâ- `m-K-am-¡m-pw- A-hÀ- -t½m-Sv- IÂ]n-
¨p.- AÃm-lp- A-h-cnÂ- F-Ãm-h-cp-sS-bpw- taÂ- Im-cp-Wyw- hÀ-jn-¡p-am-dm-Is«.-
8.-C-_v-p- A-_v-Zn-Â- _-À-dv- AÂ-C³-Xn-Jm-Av-^fm-ep-Ê-em-k-XpÂ-A-C-½XÂ-
^p-J-lm-C-- (t]-Pv- 145)-epw,- C-_v-pÂ- J-¿nw- C-Av-em-apÂ- ap-h-Jv-Jn-Cun-
(2/309)-epw-,- C-_v--p- B-_n-Zo³- AÂ- _lvÀ- AÀ-dm-C-Jn-(6/293)-sâ- A-Sn¡pdn-
¸n-epw,- d-kv-ap-Â-ap-^v-Xn- (t]-Pv- 29,- 32)bn-epw,-- A-È-Av-dm-n- AÂ-ao-kmn(155)Â-
c-m-a-s¯- dn-t¸mÀ-t«m-Sp-Iq-Sn- sIm-Sp-¯n-«p-v.- aq-¶m-a-s¯- dn-t¸mÀ-«v- Aºm-
kv- A-±-q-cn-bpw- (A-_q-l-o-^-bp-sS- in-jy-m-b)- k-^-dnÂ-n-¶p-Å- kzlolm-
b- ]-c-¼-c-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn- C-_v-p- a-Cu-sâ- A-¯m-co-Jn-- (6/77/1)-epw- tc-J-s¸-Sp-
34 35

a-säm-¶nÂ-:- Hm- b-Av-Jq-_v-(9) -
n--¡v- m-iw-!- F-¶nÂ-n-¶-pw-
tIÄ-¡p-¶-sX-Ãmw- o- F-gp-Xn-sh-¡-cp-Xv.- Im-c-Ww- Rm³- C-¶v-
H-c-`n-{]m-bw- sh-¨v- ]p-eÀ-¯pw.- m-sf- A-Xv- D-t]-£n-¡p-I-bpw-
sN-¿pw.- m-sf- H-c-`n-{]m-b-w- sh-¨p-]p-eÀ-¯pw,- a-ä-¶mÄ- A-Xv- Dt]-
£-n-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿pw''-(10)
3) A-Ãm-lp-hn-sâ- {K-v-Y-¯n-pw,- d-kq-en-(e)-sâ- dn-t¸mÀ-«np-
sa-Xn-cm-bn- H-cp-hm-¡v- Rm³- ]-d-ªmÂ,- F-sâ- hm-¡n-s- n-§Ä-
A-h-K-Wn-¨v- I-f-bp-I''-(11) -
¯n-bn-«p-v.- C-Xp-t]m-ep-Å- D-²-c-Wn-IÄ- A-_q-l-o-^--bp-sS- Ap-N-c-·mcm-
b- k-^À,- A-_q-bq-kp-^v,- B-^n-b- C-_v-p- b-ko-Zv- F-¶n-h-cnÂ-n-¶pw- D²cn
¡-s¸-«n-«p-v.- Cu-Jm-fv-(t]-Pv- 52)- Im-Wp-I.- A-_-q-bq-kp^nÂ- n-¶p-ÅXns-
C-_v-pÂ- J-¿nw-(2/344)- kz-lo-lm-bn- kv-Yn-co-I-cn-¨n-«p-v.- A-[n-I-cn¨-p-h¶-
`m-Kw- Cu-Jm-fn-(t]-Pv- 65)-Â- C-_v-p- A-_v-Zn-Â- _À-dnÂ-n-¶pw-,- C-_v-pÂ-
J-¿n-anÂ-n-¶pw- a-äpw- D-²-cn-¡-s¸-«-Xm-Wv.-
Rm³- (AÂ-_m-n)- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- A-h-cnÂ-n-¶p-Å- sX-fn-hp-IÄ- A-dn-bm¯-
h-s- Ip-dn-¨v- C-§-s-bm-Wv- A-hÀ- ]-d-bp-¶-sX-¦nÂ,- A-h-cp-sS- hm-¡pIÄ
s¡-Xn-cm-Wv- i-cn-bm-b- sXfn-hv- F-¶-dn-bp-I-bpw- F-¶n-«v- B- sX-fn-hp-IÄs¡-
Xn-cmbn- hn-[n- Â-Ip-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶-h-s-¡p-dn-¨v- A-h-cp-sS- {]-Xn-I-c-Ww-
F-´m-bn-cn-¡pw?-!- A-Xn-mÂ,- Cu- hm-¡pI-Ä- {i-²n-¨v- a--Ên-em-¡p-I.- Imc
Ww,- A-v-[-am-bn- X-Jv-eo-Zv- sN-¿p-¶-Xn-s- X-IÀ-¡m³- C-Xp-X-s¶- a-Xn.- A¡m-
c-Ww-sIm-v- X-s¶-bm-Wv- sX-fn-hv- a--Ên-em-¡m-sX- A-_q-l-o^bp-sS-
hm¡pIÄ- D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v- hn-[n- Â-Ip-¶-Xn-s- Rm³- hn-aÀ-in-¨-t¸mÄ,- Nne-
ap-J-ÃnZp-I-fm-b- ssiJp-amÀ- A-Xv- A-_q-l-o-^-bp-sS- hm-¡p-I-fm-sW-¶v-
hniz-kn-¡m³- hn-k-½-Xn-¨-Xv.-
9.- A-_q-l-o--^-bp-sS- {]-i-kv-X-m-b- in-jy³-- A-_q-bq-kp-^m-Wv- D-t±iw.-
þhn-h:-
10.-Rm³- (AÂ-_-m-n-)- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- Im-c-Ww- C-amw- X-sâ- sam-gn-I-fnÂ- ]-e-Xnpw-
Jn-bm-kn-s-bm-Wv- A-Sn-kv-Ym--am-¡n-b-Xv.- ti-jw,- A-Xn-t-¡mÄ- i-Iv-Xamb-
Jn-bm-tkm,- -_n-(e)-bnÂ-n-¶p-Å- l-Zo-tYm- A-t±-l-¯n-v- F-¯n-bmÂ-
A-Xv- kzo-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw- ap³- n-e-]m-Sv- H-gn-hm-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿pw.- AÂ-ao-kmn
(1/62)Â- i-Av-dm-n- ]-d-ª-Xn-sâ- Np-cp-¡w- C-Xm-Wv-:- -½p-sS- hn-izm-k-hpw-
C-amw- A-_q-l-o-^-bp-sS- hn-j-b-¯n-ep-Å- o-Xn-am-·m-cp-sS- hn-izm-k-hpw-
F-´m-sW-¶mÂ- a-X- n-b-a-§Ä- t{Im-Uo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bpw- l-Zo-Yv- ]-WvUn-
X-·mÀ- hn-hn-[- cm-Py-§-fnÂ-n-¶pw- A-XnÀ-¯n- {]-tZ-i-§-fnÂ-n-¶pw- A-Xv-
ti-J-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-pw- t{Im-Uo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-p-am-bn- bm-{X- sN-bv-Xv- ]qÀ-¯nbm-
Ip-¶-Xv-h-sc-bpw- A-t±-lw- Po-hn-¨n-cp-s¶-¦nÂ,- A-Xv- kzo-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw- kz´-
am-bn- kzo-I-cn-¨- Jn-bm-kp-I-sf-Ãmw- H-gn-hm-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-am-bn-cp-¶p.- P-
§Ä- tNÀ-¯v- ]-d-bp-¶- a-äv- a-Zv-l-_p-I-sf- t]m-se-X-s¶- A-_q-l-o-^-bpsS-
a-Zv-l-_n-epw- Jn-bm-kv- Ip-d-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p.- F-¶mÂ- A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- Im-e¯v-
i-co-A-¯n-sâ- sX-fn-hp-IÄ- Xm-_n-D-I-fp-sS-bpw- Xm-_n-D-¯m-_n-D-I-fp-sS-bpw-
C-S-bnÂ-hn-hn-[- ]-«-W-§-fn-epw- {Km-a-§-fn-epw- A-XnÀ-¯n- {]-tZ-i-§-fn-epam-
bn- Nn-X-dn-¡n-S-¶n-cp-¶-Xn-mÂ- a-äp- C-am-ap-I-tf-¡mÄ- A-[n-Iw- Jn-bm-kv- At±
l-¯n-sâ- a-Zv-l-_nÂ- B-h-iy-am-bn-h-¶p.- sX-fn-hn-sâ- A-`m-h-¯n-em-bn-cp¶p-
B- hn-j-b-§f-nÂ- A-t±-lw- Jn-bm-kv- sN-bv-X-Xv.- a-ä-v- C-am-ap-I-fp-sS- kv-Yn-Xn-
C-Xm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.- A-h-cp-sS- Im-e-¯v- l-Zo-Yv- ti-J-cn-¡m-pw- t{Im-Uo-I-cn¡mp
am-bn- l-Zo-Yv- ]-Wv-Un-X-·mÀ- ]-«-W-§-fn-te-¡pw- {Km-a-§-fn-te-¡pw- bm-{X-
sNbv-Xn-cp-¶p.- A-Xn-mÂ,- i-co-A-¯n-se- l-Zo-Yp-I-fnÂ- Nn-e-Xv- a-äv- Nn-eXnv-
a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-ªp.- C-Xm-Wv- A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- a-Zv-l-_nÂ- Jn-bm-kv- Iq-Sp-X-emIm-
pw- a-äv- a-Zv-l-_p-I-fnÂ- A-Xv- Ip-d-bm-p-ap-Å- Im-c-Ww''.-
A-_pÂ- l-k-m-Xv- e-Iv--hn- A-¶m-^n-DÂ- I-_odn- (t]-Pv- 135)-Â- C-Xn-t
¡mÄ- h-en-sbm-cp- `m-Kw- D-²-cn-¡p-I-bpw- A-Xn-s- _-e-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bpw- hyIvX
am-¡p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-p-Å- A-Sn-¡p-dn-¸v- Â-In-bn-«p-v.- B-sc-¦n-epw-
Dt-±-in-¡p-¶p-sh-¦nÂ- A-Xv- ]-cn-tim-[n-¡-s«.-
Rm³- (AÂ-_m-n)- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- C-Xm-Wv,- kz-lo-lm-b- l-Zo-Yp-I-fp-am-bn-
a-]qÀ-h-a-Ãm-sX- h-¶p-t]m-b- ssh-cp-²y-§Ä-¡v- A-_q-l-o-^-¡p-Å- ym
bw.- n-Êw-i-bw- C-Xv- Aw-Ko-Icn-¡m-hp-s¶m-cp- ym-b-am-Wv.- Im-c-Ww,- AÃmlp-
Hcm-tfm-Spw- A-h-sâ- I-gn-hnÂ- s]-«-X-Ãm-sX- sN-¿m³- nÀ-_-v-[n-¡p-I-bnÃ.-
A-Xn-mÂ- þ Nn-e- A-Pv-R-cm-b- B-fp-IÄ- sN-¿-p-¶-Xp-t]m-se-þ A-t±-l-s¯-
A-Xn-sâ- t]-cnÂ- B-t£-]n-¡m-h-X-Ã-.- ]-I-cw-,- A-t±-l-s¯- B-Z-cn-¡p-IbmWv-
th--Xv.- Im-c-Ww,- Cu- Zo-n-s- kw-c-£n-¨-Xpw- A-Xn-sâ- im-J-I-sf-Ãmw-
ap-s¡-¯n-¨v- X-¶-Xp-am-b- C-am-ap-I-fnÂ-s]-«- H-cm-fm-Wv- A-t±-lw.- am-{X-a-Ã,-
A-t±-lw- i-cn- sN-bv-Xm-epw,- A-t±-l-¯n-v- sX-äv- ]-än-bm-epw- G-Xv- n-e-¡pw-
A-t±-lw- {]-Xn-^-emÀ-l-m-Wv.- A-Xn-mÂ,- l-Zo-Yp-IÄ-s¡-Xn-cm-b- A-t±l-
¯n-sâ- hm-¡p-I-fnÂ- I-Sn-¨p-Xq-§n- nÂ-¡p-¶-Xv- A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- A-p-bmbn-
IÄ-¡v- tNÀ-¶-X-Ã.- Im-c-Ww,- ap-I-fnÂ- ]-d-ª- sam-gn-IÄ- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶Xp-
t]m-se,- A-h- A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- a-Zv-l-_-Ã.- c-pw- c-v- {[-p-h-§-fn-em-Wv.- kXy-
am-I-s«,- A-hÀ-¡pw- C-hÀ-¡pw- C-S-bn-em-Wv.- R-§-fp-sS- m-Ym-!- R-§Ä¡pw-
k-Xy-hn-izm-k-t¯m-sS- R-§Ä-¡v- ap-¼v- I-gn-ªp-t]m-bn-«p-Å- R-§-fp-sS-
k-tlm-Z-c-·mÀ-¡pw- o- s]m-dp-¯v- X-tc-W-ta.- k-Xy-hn-izm-kw- kzo-I-cn-¨htcm-
Sv- R-§-fp-sS- a--Êp-I-fnÂ- o- H-cp- hn-tZz-j-hpw- D-m-¡-cp-tX.- R-§-fp-sS-
m-Ym-!- XoÀ-¨-bm-bpw- o- G-sd- Z-b-bp-Å-h-pw- I-cpWm-n-[n-bp-am-Ip-¶p''-
(AÂ- l-ivÀ- 59:-10).-
11.- Cu-Jm-fpÂ- ln-aan-(t]-Pv- 50)-Â- C-amw- ap-l-½-Zn-te-¡v- tNÀ-¯p-sIm-v-
AÂ^p-Ã-m-n- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- ap-Pv-X-ln-Zn-v- C-Xv- _m-[-I-a-Ã,- Im-c-Ww- A-h³-
C-am-ap-I-fp-sS- hm-¡p-I-fnÂ- Ip-cp-§n- nÂ-¡p-¶-h--Ã.- a-dn-¨v,- ap-J-Ãn-Zn-mWv-
C-Xv- _m-[-I-am-hp-I''.-
Rm³- (AÂ-_m-n-)- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- AÂ-þao-kmn-(1/26)Â- i-Av-dm-n- C-Xn-tmS-
p-_-v-[-am-bn- hn-h-cn-¡p-¶p-:- F-sâ- C-am-an-sâ- a-c-W-ti-jw- A-t±-lw- kzoI
cn-¨n-«n-Ãm-¯- l-Zo-Yp-IÄ- kzlo-lm-sW-¶v- I-mÂ- Rm³- F-´v- sN-¿Ww?'-
F-¶v- o- tNm-Zn-¨mÂ- C-Xm-Wv- a-dp-]-Sn-:- l-Zo-Yp-k-cn-¨v- {]-hÀ¯n-¡p-¶XmWv-
n--¡v- D-Nn-Xw.- F-´p-sIm-s-¶mÂ,- n-sâ- C-am-an-v- A-Xv- e-`n-¡p-I-bpw-
kz-lo-lm-sW-¶v- a--Ên-em-¡p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ,- A-X-p-k-cn-¨v- {]h
À-¯n-¡m³- A-t±-lw- n-t¶m-Sv- IÂ-]n-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶p.- Im-c-Ww,- F-Ãm- C-am
36 37

II.- am-en-Iv- C-_v-p- A--kv- ( )-
C-amw- am-en-Iv- C-_v-p- A--kv- B-I-s«-,- A-t±-lw- ]-d-ªp-:-
1) n-iv-N-b-am-bpw-,- Rm-sm-cp- a-p-jy³- am-{X-am-Wv.- F-n-¡v-
A-_-²w- ]-äpw.- i-cn-bm-hp-I-bpw- sN-¿pw.- A-Xn-mÂ- F-sâ- A`n
{]m-b-§-fn-te-¡v- tm-¡p-I-;- In-Xm-_pw- kp-¶-¯p-am-bn- tbm-Pn¨v-
h-cp-¶-sX-t´m,- A-Xv- n-§Ä- k-zo-I-cn-¡p-I-;- In-Xm-_pw- kp-¶
¯pam-bn- tbm-Pn-¨p-h-cm-¯X-v- n-§Ä- A-h-K-Wn-¨p-I-f-bp-I-bpw-
sN¿p-I''-
(12) -
2) -_n-(e-)-bp-sS- ti-j-ap-Å-h-cp-sS- sam-gnI-fnÂ- sIm-tÅ-
h-bpw- X-tÅ--h-bpw- D-m-Ipw-þ -_n-(e)-bp-tS-sXm-gn-sI''-(13) -
3)- C-_v-p- h-lv-_v- ]-d-ªp-:-hp-fq- sN-¿p-t¼mÄ- C-cp-ImÂ- hn
c-ep-IÄ-¡n-S-bn-epw- I-gp-In- hr-¯n-bm-¡p-¶-Xn-s- Ip-dn-¨v- (C-amw)-
am-en-In-tm-Sv- tNm-Zn-¡p-¶-Xv- Rm³- tI-«n-cp-¶p.- A-t¸mÄ- A-t±lw-
]-d-ªp-:- P--§Ä- A-Xv- sN-t¿-- B-h-iy-an-Ã'.- A-§-s,- P--
¡q-«w- ]n-cn-bp-¶-Xv- h-sc- Rm³- I-m-¯n-cp-¶p.- ti-jw- Rm³- At±-
l-t¯m-Sv- ]-d-ªp-:- B- hn-j-b-¯nÂ- F-sâ-b-Sp-¡Â- H-cp- lZoYv-
D-v'.- A-t±-lw- tNm-Zn-¨p-:- F-´m-W-Xv?'.- Rm³- ]-d-ªp-:- ap-kvXu-
d-Zv- C-_v-p- i-±m-ZpÂ- Jp-d-i-n-bnÂ-n-¶pw- A-_q- A-_v-Zp-d-lv-ampÂ-
lp-_v-e-n-bnÂ-n-¶pw- b-ko-Zp-_v-p- Aw-dÂ- a-B-^n-dnÂ-n-¶pw-
sse-Yp-_v-p- k-AZ-pw- C-_v-p- ep-ssl-A-bpw- Aw-dp-_v-pÂ- lmcn-
Ypw- -t½m-Sv- ]-d-ªp-:- A-Ãm-lp-hn-sâ- Zq-X³- (e)- A-hn-Sp-s¯-
sN-dp-hn-cÂ-sIm-v- ImÂ-hn-c-ep-IÄ-¡n-S-bnÂ- I-gp-In- hr-¯n-bm-
¡p-¶-Xv- Rm³- I-n-«p-v'.- A-t¸mÄ- A-t±-lw- ]-d-ªp-:- XoÀ-¨-
bm-bpw- Cu- l-Zo-Yv- -Ã-Xm-Wv.- C-t¸mg-Ãm-sX- C-tX-¡p-dn-¨v- Rm³-
ap-¼v- tI-«n-«n-Ã'.- A-Xn-v- ti-jw,- A-tX-Ip-dn-¨v- tNm-Zn-¡-s¸-«mÂ,-
ImÂ-hn-c-ep-IÄ-¡n-S-bnÂ- I-gp-In- hr-¯n-bm-¡p-hm³- A-t±-lw- IÂ-
]n-¡p-¶-Xv- Rm³- tI-«n-«p-v''-(14) -
III. im^n-Cu- ( -)-
C-amw- im-^n-Cu-bm-I-s«þA-t±-l-¯nÂ-n-¶p-Å- D-²-c-Wn-IÄ-
[m-cm-f-hpw- h-f-sc- ta-·-bp-Å-Xp-am-Wv.(15)
A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- A-p-bm-
bn-IÄ- A-X-p-k-cn-¨v- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶-XnÂ- k-´p-jv-S-cm-bn-cp-¶p.-
1) A-Ãm-lp-hn-sâ- Zq-X-cp-(e)-sS- N-cy- h-s¶-¯p-I-bpw- A-I¶v-
ap-I-fpw- i-co-A-¯n-sâ- ssI-bn-se- A-Sn-a-I-fm-Wv-!- A-§-s- {]-hÀ-¯n-¨h³-
c-v- ssI- n-d-sb- -·- ti-J-cn-¨-h-m-Wv.- F-¶mÂ- F-sâ- C-amw- A-Xv-
kzo-I-cn-¨n-sÃ-¦nÂ- l-Zo-Y-p-k-cn-¨v- Rm-pw- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-I-bn-Ã'- F-¶v- ]dbp
¶-h³- [m-cm-fw- ]p-Wy-§Ä- -jv-S-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-h-m-Wv-þ a-Zv-l-_n-sâ- C-amapI-
sf- A-v-[-am-bn- A-p-I-cn-¡p-¶-h-cn-e-[n-I-hpw- C-¯-c-¡m-cm-Wv.- C-am-ap-IfpsS-
h-kzn-¿-¯n-sâ- {]-tbm-K-hÂ-¡-c-W-sa-t¶m-Ww,- C-am-an-p-ti-jw- kz-lolmbn-
Im-Wp-¶- l-Zo-Yp-I-f-p-k-cn-¨v- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv- A-hÀ-¡p-¯-aw.- Imc
Ww,- C-am-ap-IÄ- G-sd- Im-ew- Po-hn-¡p-I-bpw- A-h-cp-sS- ti-jw- kz-lo-lmbn-
e-`n-¨- l-Zo-Yp-IÄ- Im-Wm-n-Sh-cn-I-bpw- sN-bv-sX-¦n-Â,- A-hÀ- A-Xv- AwKoIcn
¡p-I-bpw- A-X--p-k-cn-¨v- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-I-bpw- A-hÀ- ap-¼p-m-¡n-b-Xpw- kzoI
cn-¨-Xp-am-bn- Jn-bm-kp-I-sf-Ãmw- H-gn-hm-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿pw- F-¶v- X-s¶-bm-Wv-
mw- D-d-¨v- hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶-Xv''.-
12.-C-_v-p- A-_v-Zn-Â- _À-dv- Pm-an-D- _-bm-pÂ- CÂ-an-(2/32)-epw- A-t±-l-¯nÂ
n-¶pw- C-_v-p- l-k-av- D-kq-enÂ- A-lv-Iman-(6/149)epw- D-²-cn-¡p-¶p.- A-Xp
t]m-se- AÂ- ^p-Ãm-n(t]-Pv- 72)-b-pw.-
13.-C-Xv- am-en-In-sâ- hm-¡p-I-fm-bn-«m-Wv- ]nÂ-¡m-e- ]-Wv-Un-X-·mÀ-¡n-S-bnÂ-
A-dn-b-s¸-«-Xv.- A-t±-l-¯-nÂ-n-¶pw- C-Xv- kz-lo-lm-sW-¶v- C-_v-p- A-_vZnÂ-
lm-Zn- CÀ-jm-Zp-Êm-en-In-(227/1)Â- {]-Jym-]n-¨n-«p-v.- C-Xv- l-Iw- C-_v-p- DssX
_-bp-sS-bpw- ap-Pm-ln-Zn-sâ-bpw- hm-¡p-I-fm-bn-«m-Wv- C-_v-p- A-_v-Zn-Â- _Àdv-
Pm-an-Av- _-bm-pÂ- CÂ-an-- (2/91)-epw-,- C-_v-p- l-kv-av- D-kq-epw- A-lv-Iman
(6/145,- 179)-epw- D-²-cn-¨n-«p-Å-Xv.- X-Jn-bp-±o-p-Êp-_v-In- A-Xn-sâ- ku-µ-cy¯nÂ-
hn-kv-a-bn-¨p-sIm-v- AÂ-^-Xm-h(1/148)bn-Â- C-_v-p- A-ºm-kn-sâ- samgnsb
¶- n-e-¡m-Wv- D-²-cn-¨n-«p-Å-Xv.- ti-jw- A-t±-lw- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- C-Xv- b-YmÀ°
¯nÂ- C-_v-p- A-ºm-knÂ-n-¶v- ap-Pm-ln-Zv- kzo-I-cn-¨-Xm-Wv.- A-h-cnÂ-n¶m
Wv- am-en-Iv- F-Sp-¡p-¶-Xv.- ]n-¶o-Sv,- A-t±-l-¯n-tâ-Xm-bn- A-X-dn-b-s¸-«p''.-
Rm³- (AÂ-_m-n-)- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- ]n-¶o-Sv,- A-h-cnÂ-n-¶pw- Cu- hm-¡p-IÄ-
C-amw- A-lv-a-Zv- F-Sp-¯p.- A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv- a-km-C-ep- C-amw- A-lv-a-Zn-- (t]-Pv-
276)Â- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- C-amw- A-lv-a-Zv- ]-d-bp-¶-Xm-bn-«v- Rm³- tI-«p-;- A-`n-{]mb§Ä-
kzo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bpw- X-Å-s¸-Sp-I-bpw- sN-¿-m-¯- H-cm-fp-an-Ã-þ -_n- (e-)sbm
gn-sI''.-
14.-C-_v-p- A-_o-lm-Xn-an-sâ- AÂ-PÀ-lv- h-X-Av-Zoen-(t]-Pv- 31þ32)-sâ- ap-J-hpc-
bnÂ-n-¶v-;- ss_-l-Jn- A-Xv- A-Êp-n--(1/81)Â- ]qÀ-W-am-bn- D-²-cn-¨n-«p-v.-
15.-C-_v-p- l-kv-av- ]-d-ªp- (6/118)-:- XoÀ-¨-bm-bpw- X-Jv-eo-Zv- sN-¿-s¸-Sp-¶- FÃm-
^p-J-lm-¡-fpw- X-Jv-eo-Zn-v- F-Xn-cm-bn-cp-¶p.- X-§-fp-sS- A-p-bm-bn-IÄ- X§-
sf- X-Jv-eo-Zv- sN-¿p-¶-Xn-s- A-hÀ- hn-e-¡n-bn-«p-ap-v.- A-XnÂ- G-ä-hpw- IÀ¡
iw- C-amw- im-^n-Cu-(y-)-bm-bn-cp-¶p.- Im-c-Ww,- kz-lo-lm-b- D-²-c-Wn-I-sf-
]n³-]-äp-¶-Xn-sâ-bpw- hy-Iv-X-am-b- sX-fn-hp-IÄ- kzo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-sâ- B-hiy
I-X-sbbpw- a-äm-tc-¡m-fpw- Iq-Sp-XÂ- A-t±-lw- Du-¶n-¸-d-ªn-«p-v.- A-t±l-
¯n-sâ- hm-¡p-IÄ- X-Jv-eo-Zv- sN-¿-s¸-Sp-¶-XnÂ- A-t±-lw- n-c-]-cm-[n-bmsW
¶v- A-t±-lw- ]-d-ªn-«p-v-.- Iq-sS-bp-Å-h-tcm-Sv- A-Xv- ]-c-ky-am-bn- {]-Jym]n¡p-
I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-.- C-Xv-Im-c-W-am-bn- A-Ãm-lp- A-t±-l-¯n-v- Kp-Ww- sN-¿pIbpw-
{]-X-n-^-ew- sa-¨-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bpw- sN-¿-s«.- XoÀ-¨-bm-bpw- [mcm-fw- -·-IÄ¡v-
Im-c-W-am-bn-«p-Å- hy-Iv-Xn-bm-W-t±-lw.''-
38 39

t]m-hp-I-bpw- sN-¿m-¯- H-cm-fpw- X-s¶-bn-Ã.- A-Xn-mÂ,- Rm³-
H-cp- hm-¡v- ]-d-bp-I-tbm,- H-cp- X-Xzw- B-hn-jv-I-cn-¡p-I-tbm- sNbvX-
ti-jw,- Rm³- ]-d-ª-Xv- d-kq-en-(e)-v- F-Xn-cm-hp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ,-
d-kqÂ-(e)- ]-d-ª-Xv- X-s¶-bm-Wv- k-XywþA-Xv-X-s¶-bm-Wv- Fsâ-
bpw- hm-¡v''-(16)
2) -_n-(e)-bp-sS- N-cy- hy-Iv-X-am-b-ti-jw,- a-äm-cp-sS-sb-¦nepw-
hm-¡n-v- th-n- A-Xn-s- D-t]-£n-¡p-¶-Xv- H-cmÄ-¡pw A-p-hZo-
b-a-Ã- F-¶- hn-j-b-¯nÂ- ap-kv-enw-I-sf-Ãmw- tbm-Pn-¨n-«p-v''-
(17)
3)- F-sâ- {K-v-Y-§-f-nÂ- d-kq-en(e)-sâ- N-cy-s¡-Xn-cm-bn-
hÃXpw- n-§Ä- I-s-¯p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ,- d-kq-en-(e)-sâ- N-cybp-
sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym--¯nÂ- n-§-Ä- kw-km-cn-¡p-I.- Rm³- ]-d-ª-Xv-
A-h-K-Wn-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-I''- (a-säm-cp- dn-t¸mÀ-«nÂ-:- A-t¸mÄ-
n-§Ä- A-Xv- ]n³-]-äp-I.- a-säm-cm-fp-sS- sam-gn-I-fn-te-¡v- n-§Ä-
Xn-cn-b-cp-Xv'')-(18)
-
4) l-Zo-Yv- kz-lo-lmbn- h-¶mÂ,- A-Xm-Wv- F-sâ- a-Zv-l-_v''
(19)
16.-im^n-Cu- h-sc- C-S-ap-dn-bm-¯- k--tZm-Sp-Iq-Sn- lm-Inw- n-th-Z-w- sN-bv-XXv.-
C-_v-p- A-km-In-dn-sâ- Xm-co-Jv- Zn-a-iv-In- (15/1/3)-epw,- C-Av-em-apÂ- ap-h-Jn-
Cun-(2/363,364)-epw-,- Cu-Jm-fn-(t]-Pv- 100)-epw-.-
17.-C-_v-pÂ- J-¿nw- (2/361)-;- ^p-Ãm-n- (t]-Pv- 68).-
18.-Z-½pÂ- I-ema-n-(3/47/1)Â- l-d-hn-;- AÂ- C-lv-Xn-Pm-Pp- _n-Èm-^n-Cu-(8/2)bnÂ-
J-Xo-_v-;- C-_-v-p- A-km-I-nÀ- (15/9/1)-;- AÂ-a-Pv-aq-C(1/63)Â- -h-hn-;- C-_vpÂ-
J-¿nw- (2/361)-;- ^p-Ãm-n- (t]-Pv- 100).- c-m-a-s¯- D-²-c-Wn- A-_q-p-sFansâ-
lnÂ-b-XpÂ- Hu-en-bm-Av- (9/107)-;- C-_v-p- ln-ºm³- X-sâ- kz-lo-lv- (3/
284þAÂ- C-lv-km³-)- A-t±-l-¯nÂ-n-¶pw- a-äpw- kz-lo-lm-b- k--tZ-m-Sp
Iq-Sn.-
19.-AÂ-a-Pv-aq-C-(1/63)Â- -h-hn-;- lm-Inw,- ss_-l-Jn- F-¶n-h-cn-te-¡v- tNÀ-¯p
sIm-v- i-Av-dm-n- (1/57)-;- -^p-Ãm-n- (t]-Pv- 107).-- i-Av-dm-n- ]-d-ªp-:- C_vp-
l-kv-av- ]-d-ªp-:- A-Xm-b-Xv- A-t±-l-tam- a-äp-Å- C-am-ap-I-tfm- kz-lo-lm-bn-
I-Xv''.
Rm³- (AÂ-_m-n)- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- ti-j-ap-Å- hm-¡p-IÄ- A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- n-
Kaw- i-cn-sh-¨p-sIm-p-Å-Xm-Wv.- -h-hn- ]-d-ª-Xn-sâ- Np-cp-¡w- C-Xm-Wv: -
X-Yvho_n-sâ- (_m-¦n-v- ]p-d-sa- -a-kv-Im-c-¯n-m-b-p-Å- hn-fn)- hn-j-b-¯nepw-
tcm-Kw- Im-c-Ww- C-lv-dm-anÂ-n-¶pw- H-gn-hm-Ip-¶- (X-l-ÃpÂ-)-Xn-p-Å- n-_v-
[--Ifnepw- a-Zv-l-_o- {K-v-Y-§-fnÂ- Im-Wp-¶- {]-i-kv-X-am-b- a-äp-Nn-e- hnjb
§-fn-epw- ½p-sS- k-l-Nm-cn-IÄ- C-X-p-k-cn-¨m-Wv- {]-hÀ-¯n-¨-Xv.- l-Zo-Ynsâ-
A-Sn-kv-Ym ¯nÂ- (im-^n-Cu-bp-sS- hm-¡p-I-fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym--¯n-e-Ã)-
^-Xv-h- Â-Inbh-cp-sS- Iq-«-¯nÂ-s]-«-h-cm-Wv- A-_q-b-Av-Jq-_v- AÂ- _p
ssh-Xn-bpw- A-_pÂ- Jm-knw- A-±m-cn-In-bpw.- ap-l-±n-Yo-§-fnÂ- n-¶p-Å- ½p-
sS- A-p-N-c-·m-cm-b- C-amw- A-_q-_-¡À- AÂ- ss_-l-Jn-bpw- a-äpw- Cu-
kao-]--am-Wv- kzo-I-cn¨Xv.- -½p-sS- B-Zy-Im-e- k-l-Nm-cn-I-fnÂ- ]-e-cpw,-
A-hÀ-¡v- H-cp- hn-j-bw- A-`napJo-I-cn-t¡-n-h-cn-I-bpw,- B- hn-j-b-¯nÂ-
Hcp- l-Zo-Yv- D-m-hp-I-bpw- A-Xv- im^n Cu- aZv-l-_n-v- F-Xn-cm-hp-I-bpw-
sN-bv-sX-¦nÂ,- A-hÀ- l-Zo-Yv- A-p-k-cn-¨v- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-I-bpw- A-X-p-kcn¨v-
X-s¶- ^-Xv-h- Â-Ip-I-bpw- sN-¿p-am-bn-cp¶p.- C-§-s- ]-d-ªp-sIm-v:
lZoYpambn tbmPn¨v hcp¶sXt´m, AXmWv im^nCubpsS aZvl_v'.-
ssi-Jv- A-_q-Aw-dv- (C-_v-p- kz-em-lv)- ]-d-ªp-:- im-^n-Cu-I-fnÂ- s]-«-
B-sc-¦n-epw- X-sâ- a-Zv-l-_n-v- hn-cp-²-am-b- H-cp- l-Zo-Yv- I-mÂ- A-h-¶v-
s]mXp-hm-bn-þA-sÃ-¦nÂ- Cu- A-[ym-b-¯nÂ-,- A-sÃ-¦nÂ- Cu- {]-iv--¯nÂþ
C-Pv-Xn-lm-Zn-sâ- n-_-v-[--IÄ- ]qÀ-¯o-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p-s-¦nÂ,- A-X-pk
cn-¨v- {]hÀ-¯n-¡m-p-Å- kzm-X-{ýw- A-h-¶p-v.- C-n- ]qÀ-¯o-I-cn-¡-s¸Sp
¶n-sÃ-¦nÂ- ti-j-ap-Å- ]-cn-tim-[--bnÂ-n-¶pw- l-Zo-Yn-v- F-Xn-cv- {]-hÀ¯n
¡m³- A-h¶v- _p-²n-ap-«v- t-cn-Sp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ,- A-§-s- F-Xn-cv- {]-hÀ¯n
¡p-¶-Xn-p-Å- Xr-]v-Xn-I-c-am-b- a-dp-]-Sn- A-h³- I-s-¯p-I-bn-Ã-þA-Xn-mÂ,-
im^nCub-Ãm¯- kz-X-{´-m-b- G-sX-¦n-epw- H-cp- C-amw- - A-§-s- {]-hÀ
¯n-¨n-«p-s-¦nÂ,- Ah-¶v- A-Xv- sN-¿mw.- Cu- hn-j-b-¯nÂ- A-h-sâ- C-am
an-sâ- a-Zv-l-_v- H-gn-hm-¡p-¶-Xn-v- A-Xv- A-h-¶p-Å- ym-b-am-Ipw'- A-t±-lw-
(A_q-Aw-dv)- ]-d-ª- Cu- Im-cyw- i-cn-bm-Wv.- A-Ãm-lp-hm-Wv- G-ä-hpw- -A-dn
bp-¶-h³''.-
Rm³- (AÂ-_m-n)- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- C-hn-sS- C-_v-p- kz-em-lv- kq-Nn-¸n-¡m³-
hn-«p-t]m-b- H-cp- Im-cy-ap-v.- A-Xv- C-Xm-Wv-:- l-Zo-Y-p-k-cn-¨v- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p¶-
a-äm-sc-bpw- A-h-¶v- I-s-¯m³- km-[n-¨n-«n-sÃ-¦nÂ- A-h³- F-´-v- sN-¿Ww?-
C-Xn-p-Å- a-dp-]-Sn- X-Jn-bp-±o³- A-Êp-_v-In- l-Zo-Yv- kz-lo-lm-bn- h-¶mÂ-
A-Xm-Wv- F-sâ- a-Zv-l-_v- F-¶- im-^n-Cu-bp-sS- sam-gn-bp-sS- AÀ-°w''- F¶
X-sâ c-N--bnÂ- ]-d-bp-¶p- (hm.- 3,- t]-Pv- 102)-:- l-Zo-Yv- ]n³]äp-¶-Xm-Wv-
Gähpw- D-¯-a-am-bn-«v- Rm³- Im-Wp-¶-Xv.- H-cmÄ- kz-bw- -_n-(e-)-bp-sS- ap¼nÂ-
nÂ¡p-I-bpw- -_n-bnÂ-n-¶pw- A-Xv- tIÄ-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶-Xm-bn-«v- k¦Â-
]n¡pI.- A-X-p-k-cn-¨v- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡m³- A-h-v- A-am-ń-¨v- nÂ-¡p-hm³
I-gn-bp-tam?- C-Ã,- A-Ãm-lp- k-Xyw...-Hm-tcm-cp-¯À-¡pw- A-h³- a--Ên-em-¡nb-
Xn--p-krXam-b- _m-[y-X-Ifp-v''.-
Cu- NÀ-¨-bp-sS- _m-¡n-bpw- A-Xv- ]-cn-tim-[n-¨v- D-d-¸v- h-cp-¯n-b-Xpw- CAvem
apÂ- ap-h-Jv-Jn-Cun-- (2/302,- 370)Â- Im-Wmw.- A-Xp-t]m-se- ^p-Ãm-n-bp-sS-
{K-v-Y¯n-epw- Im-Wmw.- A-Xn-sâ- t]-cv-:- Cu-Jm-fpÂ-ln-aw-D-enÂ-A-_vkzmÀ,-
enÂ-CJvXn-Zm-Av-_n-k-¿n-ZnÂ-ap-lm-Pn-co--hÂ-A³-kzmÀ,-h-X-lv-Zodplpw'-
AnÂ- C_v-Xn-Zm-Av- A-iv-im-C- ^nÂ- Jp-dm-hÂ- Aw-kzmÀ,- an³- X-Jv-eoZnÂ-
a-Zm-ln-_v- aAÂ- l-an-¿-Xn- hÂ- A-kz-_n-¿-Xn- _-bv-- ^p-J-lm-CÂ- A-Av
kzmÀ (DÄ¡mgv-N-bp-Å- a--Êp-I-tfm-Sv- H-cp-WÀ-¯Â.- ap-lm-Pn-dp-I-fp-sS-bpw-
A³-km-dp-I-fpsS-bpw- t-Xm-hn-s- ]n´p-S-cp-¶-Xn-v- th-n- Zp-c-`n-am--t¯msS-
bpw- ]-£-]m-Xn¯-t¯m-sS-bpw- a-Zv-l-_p-I-sf- X-Jv-eo-Zv- sN-¿p-¶-XnÂ-n-¶pw-
{Km-a-§-fn-epw- ]«W-§-fn-epw- B-[p-n-I- IÀ-a-im-kv-{X- ]-Wv-Un-X-·mÀ-¡n-S
bnÂ- {]-N-cn-¨n-«p-Å- _nZv-A-¯p-I-fnÂ-n-¶p-ap-Å- Xm-¡o-Xv).- C-Xv- Cu- hnjb
¯n-ep-Å- A-aqey-am-b- Hcp- Ir-Xn-bm-Wv.- k-Xyw- C-jv-S-s¸-Sp-¶- F-Ãm-h-cpw-
Nn-ń-¨v- a--Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn-v- th-n- A-Xv- ]-Tn-¨n-cn-¡Â- nÀ-_-v-[-am-Wv.-
40 41

5)- l-Zo-Yn-s-Ip-dn-¨pw- n-th-Z-I-sc- Ip-dn-¨pw- n-§Ä-(20) -
Ft¶-
¡mÄ- A-dn-hp-Å-h-cm-Wv;-- A-Xn-mÂ- l-Zo-Yv- kz-lo-lm-sW-¶v- I-
mÂ- þA-Xv- I-q-^-bnÂ- n-¶m-bm-epw,- _-k-d-bnÂ- n-¶m-bm-epw-
im-anÂ-n-¶m-bm-epw- F-hn-sS- n-¶m-bm-epw- i-c-n-þn-§-sf-s¶- Adn-
bn-¡p-I.- F-s´-¶mÂ,- (l-Zo-Yv)- kz-lo-lm-sW-¦nÂ,- F-n-¡-Xn-
te-¡v- a-S-§m-a-tÃm''.-
6)- GXv- hn-j-b-¯n-epw- Rm³- ]-d-ª-Xn-v- hn-cp-²-am-bn- lZo-
Yn-sâ- B-fp-IÄ- d-kq-en-(e)Â-n-¶p-Å- hÀ-¯-am-w- kz-lo-lmbn-
K-Wn-¨mÂ,- F-sâ- Po-hn-X- Im-e-¯m-bm-epw,- a-c-W-ti-j-am-bm-epw-
Rm--XnÂ- n-¶pw- a-S-§p-¶p''-
(21) -
7)- Rm-sm-cp- Im-cyw- ]-d-ª-Xm-bn- n-§Ä- Im-Wp-I-bpw,- AXn-
s-Xn-cm-bn- -_n(e)-bnÂ-n-¶v- kz-lo-lm-bn- h-cn-I-bpw- sNbv-XmÂ,-
F-sâ- _p-²n- o-§n-t¸m-b-Xm-sW-¶v- n-§Ä- a--Ên-em¡p-I''-
(22)
8)- Rm³- ]-d-bp-¶-h-;- F-sâ- hm-¡p-IÄ-¡v- F-Xn-cm-bn- -_n(e)
-bnÂ-n-¶pw- kz-lo-lm-bn- h-¶mÂ,- -_n-bp-sS- l-Zo-Yn-m-Wv- ap³-
K-W-.- A-t¸mÄ- n-§Ä- F-s¶- X-Jv-eo-Zv- sN-¿-cp-Xv''-(23) -
9)- {]-hm-N-I-n-(e)Â-n-¶pw- h-¶- F-Ãm- h-N--§-fpw-þA-XmWv-
F-sâ- hm-¡v.- F-¶nÂ-n-¶pw- n-§-f-Xv- tI-«n-«n-sÃ-¦n-epw''-(24) -
IV A-lv-a-Zp-_v-p- l-¼Â- ( )-
C-amw- A-lv-a-Zm-I-s«-þkp-¶-¯v- ti-J-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-epw- A-Xv- apdp-
sI- ]n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn-epw- C-am-ap-I-fp-sS- Iq-«-¯nÂ- G-ä-hpw- ap³-]´n-
bnÂ- nÂ-¡p-¶-bm-fm-Wv.- F-{X-t¯mf-sa-¶mÂ,- A-p-am--§fpw-
A-`n-{]m-b-§-fpw- DÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶- ]p-kv-X-I-§Ä- c-Nn-¡p-¶-Xv- A-
t±-lw- sh-dp-¯n-cp-¶p.-''-
(25) -
A-Xn-mÂ- A-t±-lw- ]-d-ªp.-
1) n-§Ä- F-s¶- X-Jv-eo-Zv- sN-¿-cp-Xv.- A-Xp-t]m-se-X-s¶-
am-en-In-s-tbm- im-^n-Cu-sb-tbm,- Hu-km-Cu-sb-tbm,- Yu-cn-sb-
tbm- (X-Jv-eo-Zv- sN-¿-cp-Xv).- A-hÀ- F-hn-sS-n-¶pw- F-Sp-¯p-thm-
A-hn-sS-n-¶v- X-s¶-- n-§fpw- F-Sp-¡p-I''-(26) -
a-säm-cp- dn-t¸mÀ-«nÂ-:- Zo-ns³-d- Im-cy-¯n-Â- C-h-cnÂ- B-scbpw-
o- X-Jv-eo-Zv- sN-¿-cp-Xv.- -_n-(e)-bnÂ-n-¶pw- A-hn-S-s¯- A-pN-
c-·m-cnÂ-n-¶pw- F-s´m-¶v- h-¶p-In-«n-tbm,- A-Xv- n-§Ä- kzoIcn-
¨p-sIm-Åp-I.- ]n-s¶- Xm-_nD-I-Ä-.- A-Xn-p-ti-jw- H-cp-h-v- sX-c-
sª-Sp-¡m³- kzm-X-{´y-ap-v''.-
H-cn-¡Â- A-t±-lw- ]-d-ªp-:- ]n³]-äp-I- (C-¯n-_m-Av)- F¶v-
]-d-ªmÂ- A-Xv- -_n-(e)-bnÂ-n-¶pw- kz-lm-_n-I-fnÂ-n-¶pw-
h-¶p-tNÀ-¶-Xv- ]n³-]-ä-em-Wv.- ]n-¶o-Sv,- Xm-_n-D-I-Ä-¡v- ti-jw- Ah-
¶v- sX-c-sª-Sp-¡mw''-(27) -
2)- Hu-km-Cu-bp-sS- A-`n-{]m-bw-,- am-en-In-sâ- A-`n-{]m-bw,- A_q-
l-o-^-bp-sS- A-`n-{]m-bw-þA-h-sb-Ãmw- (sh-dpw)- A-`n-{]m-b-§fm
20.- C-amw- A-lv-a-Zp-_v-p- l-¼-en-(y)-s-bm-W-v- C-hn-sS- A-`n-kw-t_m-[-- sN¿p-
¶-Xv.- C-_v-p- A-_n-lm-Xnw- B-Zm-_p-Èm-^n-Cu-(t]-Pv- 94þ95)bn-epw,- C-lv
XnPmPv- _n-Èm-^n-Cu- (8/1)bn-epw,- A-t±-l-¯nÂ-n-¶p-X-s¶- C-_v-p- Akm-
Indpw-(1591),-A-Â- C³-Xn-J-m-C-(t]-Pv- 75)-Â- C-_v-p- A-_v-ZnÂ- _À-dpw-,- a-m
Jn-_v- AÂ- Camw- A-lv-a-Zn-(t]-Pv- 499)-Â- C-_v-pÂ- Pu-kn-bpw;-- AÂ- ldhn-
(2/47/2)- aq¶v- ]-c-¼-c-I-fn-eq-sS- A-_v-Zp-Ãm-ln-_v-p- A-lv-a-Zv- C-_v-p- l¼Â-
X-sâ- ]nXm-hnÂ-n-¶pw- im-^n-Cu- ]-d-ª-Xm-bn-«v...- dn-t¸mÀ-«v- sN-bv-X-Xv.-
A-t±-l-¯nÂ-n-¶p-Å-Xv- kz-lo-lm-Wv.- A-Xp-sIm-m-Wv- A-t±-l-¯n-te¡v-
tNÀ-¯p-sIm-v- C-_v-pÂ- J-¿nw- AÂ- C-Av-eman-(2/325)Â- ]-d-ª-Xv.- AÂ-
^p-Ãm-n- CuJm-fn- (t]-Pv- 152)-epw.- ti-jw- A-t±-lw- ]-d-ªp-:- ss_-l-Jn-
]-d-ªp-:- AXp-sIm-v- A-t±-lw-þ A-Xm-b-Xv- im-^n-Cu-þ [-m-cm-fw- l-Zo-YpIÄ-
kzo-I-cn¨p.- Im-c-Ww- A-t±-lw- ln-Pm-kp-Im-cnÂ-n-¶pw,- kn-dn-b-¡m-cnÂ-n¶pw-
ban-I-fnÂ-n-¶pw- C-dm-Jn-I-fnÂ-n-¶pw- hn-Pv-Rm-w- ti-J-cn-¨n-cp-¶p.- AXn
mÂ,- kz-lo-lm-bn- I--sX-Ãmw- A-t±-lw- kzo-I-cn-¨p-þ G-sX-¦n-epw- H-cp-
`m-K-t¯-¡v- Nm-bp-I-tbm,- X-sâ- m-«n-ep-Å- P--§-fp-sS- a-Zv-l-_n-te-¡v- tm
¡p-I-tbm- sN-¿m-sX- k-Xy-am-sW-¶v- Im-Wp-¶-Xv- F-hn-sS- n-¶m-bm-epw- kzoI
cn-¡pw.- A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- ap-¼p-Å- Nn-e-cm-I-s«- A-hÀ- A-h-cp-sS- m-«n-se- P§
fp-sS- a-Zv-l-_nÂ- Im-Wp-¶-XnÂ- am-{Xw- H-Xp-§n-¡q-Sn.- A-Xn-s-X-n-sc-bp-ÅXn
sâ- {]mam-Wn-I-X- ]-cn-tim-[n-¡m³- A-hÀ- X-¿m-dm-bn-Ã.- A-Ãm-lp- -ap-¡pw-
AhÀ¡pw- s]m-dp-¯v- X-c-s«''.
21.-A-_q-p-sFw- lnÂ-b-(9/107)bn-Â-;- AÂ- l-d-hn- (47/1),- C-_v-pÂ- J-¿nw-
CAv-em-apÂ- ap-h-Jv-Jn-Cun-(2/363)-Â-;- AÂ-^p-Ãm-n- (t]-Pv- 104).-
22.-C-_v-p- A-_o-lm-Xnw- B-Zm-_p-Èm-^n-Cu (t]-Pv- 93)bn-Â-;- A-_pÂ- Jm-kn
ap-Ê-aÀ-J³-Zo- AÂ- A-am-eobnÂ- A-_q- l-^v-kÂ- ap-A-±-_v- (234/1)- AXnÂ-
n-¶pw- sX-c-sª-Sp-¯-h-bnÂ- D-Å-Xp-t]m-se;- A_q-p-sFw- lnÂ-b-(9106)bn
Â-;- C-_v-p- A-km-InÀ- (15/10/1)- kz-lo-lm-b- k--tZ-m-Sv- Iq-Sn.-
23.C-_v-p- A-_o- lm-Xnw- (t]-Pv- 93)-;- A-_q-p-F-apw- C-_v-p- A-km-In-dpw-
(159/2)- kz-lo-lm-b- k--tZm-Sv- Iq-Sn.-
24.C-_v-p- A-_o- lm-Xnw- (t]-Pv- 93þ94).-
25.-C-_-v-pÂ- Pu-kn- AÂ- a-m-Jn-_n-(t]-Pv- 192)Â-
26.-AÂ- ^p-Ã-m-n- (113)-;- C-_v-pÂ- J-¿nw- C-Av-eman-(2/302)Â-
27.-A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv- a-km-C-Â- AÂ- C-amw- A-lv-a-Zn-(t]-Pv- 276,- 277)Â-.-
42 43

Wv.- F-sâ-b-Sp-¡Â- A-h-sb-Ãmw- k-a-am-Wv.- sX-fnhv- ({]-hm-N-Isâ-
bpw- kz-lm-_n-I-fp-sS-bpw)- D-²-c-Wn-I-fn-em-Wv''-(28) -
3)- d-kq-en-(e-)-sâ- h-N--§-sf- X-Ån-¡-f-bp-¶-h³- m-i-¯nsâ-
h-¡n-em-Wv''-
(29) -
C-h-sb-Ãmw,- l-Zo-Yv- ap-dp-sI- ]n-Sn-¡m³- IÂ-]n-¨v- sIm-pw-
hy-Iv-X-am-b- sX-fn-hv- Iq-Sm-sX- X-§-fp-sS- hm-¡p-IÄ- X-Jv-eo-Zv- sN¿p-
¶-Xn-s- hn-e-¡n-s¡m-p-ap-Å- C-am-ap-I-fp-sS- h-N--§-fm-Wv.- IqSp-
XÂ- XÀ-¡-§-fpw- hym-Jym--§-fpw- B-h-iy-an-Ãm-¯-hn-[w- Ah-
hy-Iv-X-hpw- kp-Xm-cy-hp-am-Wv.-
A-Xn-mÂ,- C-am-ap-I-fp-sS- Nn-e- hm-¡p-IÄ-¡v- F-Xn-cm-sW-¦nepw-
Iq-Sn,- kv-Yn-c-s¸-«- kp-¶-¯p-I-sf- B-sc-¦n-epw- ap-dp-sI- ]n-Sn-¨mÂ,-
A-h³- kz-´w- a-Zv-l-_n-v- hn-]-co-Xw- {]-hÀ-¯n-¨-ht-m,- A-hcpsS-
amÀ-K-¯nÂ-n-¶pw- hy-Xn-N-en-¨-h-tm- B-hp-I-bn-Ã.- A-h³- Ah-
sc- ]qÀ-W-am-bn- ]n³-]-äp-I-bm-Wv- sN-¿p-¶-Xv.- H-cn-¡-epw- s]m-«n-
t¸m-Im-¯- _-e-ap-Å- H-cp- I-b-dnÂ- ]n-Sn-¨n-«p-Å-h-m-Ip-¶p- Ah³.-
F-¶mÂ,- A-h-cp-sS- hm-¡p-IÄ-¡v- F-Xn-cm-Wv- F-¶- Im-c-W-¯mÂ-
kv-Yn-c-s¸-«- kp-¶-¯p-I-sf- H-gn-hm-¡-p-¶-h-sâ- kv-YnXn- A-{]-Imc-
a-Ã.- A-h³- A-h-tcm-Sv- A-p-k-c-W-t¡-Sv- Im-Wn-¡p-Ibpw- ap-IfnÂ-
]-d-ª- A-h-cp-sS- hm-¡p-IÄ-¡v- F-Xn-cv- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-I-bpw- sN-
bv-X-h-m-Wv.-
A-Ãm-lp- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- -C-Ã,- n-s³-d- c-£n-Xm-hn-s-¯-s¶-bmW-
k-Xyw-;- A-hÀ-¡nS-bnÂ- `n-¶-X-bp-m-b- Im-cy-¯nÂ- A-hÀ- ns¶-
hn-[n-IÀ-¯mhm-¡p-I-bpw,- o- hn-[n- IÂ-]n-¨-Xn-s-¸-än- ]n-¶o-Sh-
cp-sS- a--Êp-IfnÂ- H-cp- hn-j-a-hpw- tXm-¶m-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw- A-Xv-
]qÀ-W-am-bn- k-½Xn¨v- A-p-k-cn-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶Xv- hsc- AhÀ-
hn-izm-kn-I-fm-hp-IbnÃ-.''-(30) -
A-h³- ]-d-ªp-:- B-I-bmÂ- A-hn-Sp-s¯- IÂ-]--bv-¡v- FXnÀ-
{]-hÀ-¯n-¡p¶-h-À- X-§Ä-¡v- h-Ã B-]-¯pw- h-¶p- `-hn-¡p-Itbm,-
th-Z--tb-dn-b- in-£- _m-[n-¡p-I-tbm- sN-¿p-¶-Xv- kq-£n¨p-
sImÅ-s«.''-
(31)
lm-^n-fv- C-_v-p- d-P-_v- (y)- ]-d-ªp-:- A-Xn-mÂ,- d-kq-en(e)-
sâ- IÂ-]-- e-`n-¡p-I-tbm,- A-Xv- A-dn-bp-I-tbm- sN-bv-X-h-v,- AXv-
k-aq-l-¯n-v- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¨v- sImSp-¡-epw,- B-Xv-amÀ-°-am-bn- Ahsc-
D-]-tZ-in-¡-epw- A-hn-Sp-s¯- IÂ-]-- ]n³]-äm³- B-Pv-Rm-]n-¡-
epw- nÀ-_-v-[-am-Wv.- A-Xv- k-aq-l-¯n-se- a-l-Xv-hy-Iv-Xn-bp-sS-
A-`n-{]m-b-¯n-s-Xn-cm-bm-epw- i-cn.- Im-c-Ww,- G-sX-¦n-epw- hn-jb-
¯n-Â- {]-hm-N-I- IÂ-]--¡v- F-Xn-cm-bn- sX-äm-b- H-c-`-n-{]m-bw- hÃ-
a-l-Xv-hy-Iv-Xn-bpw- sh-¨p-]p-eÀ-¯n-bn-«p-s-¦nÂ,- A-Xn-t-¡m-sf-
Ãmw- B-Z-cn-¡m-pw- ]n³-]-äm-pw- AÀ-l-X-bp-Å-Xv- d-kq-en-(e)-sâ-
IÂ-]--X-s¶-bm-Wv.- A-Xp-sIm-m-Wv,- kz-lm-_n-I-fpw- A-hÀ¡v-
ti-j-ap-Å-h-cpw- {]m-am-Wn-I- -_n-N-cy-s¡-Xn-cm-bn-«p-Å-h-sc- JWv-
Un-¨-Xv.- Nn-e-t¸mÄ- A-h-cp-sS- J-Wv-U-w- ]-cp-j-am-Ipw.-(32) -
C-Xv-
B- hy-Iv-Xn-tbm-Sp-Å- hn-tZz-jw- sIm--Ã,-- a-dn-¨v A-h-cp-sS- a-ÊnÂ-
A-h-tcm-Sv- kv-t-l-hpw- _-lp-am--hp-ap-v.- F-¶mÂ- A-Ãm-lp-hn-
sâ- Zq-X-sc- (e)-bm-Wv- A-hÀ- G-ä-hpw- A-[n-Iw- kv-t-ln-¡p-¶-Xv.-
kÀ-Æ- kr-jv-Sn-bp-sS- IÂ-]--¡pw- D-]-cn-bm-bn- A-hn-Sp-s¯- IÂ]-
sb- A-hÀ- K-Wn-¨n-cp-¶p.- A-Xn-mÂ,- d-kq-en-sâ- IÂ-]--bpw- aäp-
Å-h-cp-sS- IÂ-]--bpw- ]-c-kv-]-c- ssh-cp-[y-ap-Å-Xm-bmÂ,- dkqen-
sâ- IÂ-]--¡v- ap³Xq-¡w- Â-Ip-I-bpw- A-Xv- ]n³-]-äp-I-bpw-
th-Ww.- C-sXm-¶pw- F-XnÀ-¯p-n-¶- hy-Iv-Xn-sb- B-Z-cn-¡p-¶-Xnv-
A-hÀ-¡v- X-S-Ê-am-bn-Ã.- Im-c-Ww,- A-sX-Ãmw- A-hÀ-¡v- s]m-dp-¯p-
28.- C-_v-p- A-_v-ZnÂ- _À-dv- Pm-an-Av- _-bm-pÂ- CÂ-an-(2/149)Â.-
29.- C-_v-pÂ- Pu-ko- (t]-Pv- 182).-
30.- kq-d-:- n-km-Av- 4:-65
31.- kq-d-:- qÀ-:- 24:-63.-
32.- Rm³- (AÂ-_m-n)- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- F-{X-t¯m-f-sa-¶mÂ- A-h-cp-sS- ]n-Xm-¡
tfm-Spw- ]-Wv-Un-X-·m-tc-m-Spw- F-Xn-cm-bn-cp-¶mÂ- t]m-epw-.- Xz-lm-hn iÀ-lv-a-
B-nÂ- B-Y-mdn-(1/372)-epw-,- A-_q-b-Av-e- X-sâ- ap-kv--Zn-(3/1317)-epw- -Ã-
k--tZ-m-Sp- Iq-Sn-.- km-enw- C-_v-p- A-_v-Zp-Ãm-ln-_v-p- DaÀ- ]d-ª-Xm-bn-
D²-cn-¡p¶p:- Rm³- H-cn-¡Â- C-_v-p- D-a-dn-tm-sSm-¸w- ]-Ån-bnÂ- C-cn¡p-
I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.- A-t¸mÄ- kn-dn-b-¡m-c-m-b- H-cmÄ- h-¶n-«v- D-w-d- l-Ö-n-te¡v-
X-a-¯p-Av-'- sN-¿p-¶-Xn-s-Ip-dn-¨v- tNm-Zn-¨p.- A-t¸mÄ- C-_v-p- D-aÀ- ]-dªp:-
h-f-sc- -Ã-Xv- X-s¶'.- A-bmÄ- tNm-Zn-¨p-:- F-¶mÂ- n-§-fp-sS- ]n-Xm-hv- A
Xn-s- hn-e-¡n-bn-cp-¶p-h-tÃm?'- A-t¸mÄ- A-t±-lw- ]-d-ªp-:- n--¡v- miw'!-
d-kqÂ- (e)- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-I-bpw- IÂ-]n¡p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- H-cp- Im-cyw Fsâ-
]n-Xmhv- hn-e-¡n-bn-«p-s-¦nÂ- X-m-¦Ä- F-sâ- ]n-Xm-hn-sâ- hm-¡m-tWm- kzoI
cn-¡p-I,- A-X-Ã- d-kq-en-(e)-sâ- IÂ-]--tbm?-!- A-bmÄ- ]-d-ªp-:- d-kq-en(e)
sâ- IÂ-]--!- A-t¸mÄ- A-t±-lw- ]-d-ªp-:- F-¶mÂ,- o- F-s³-d- ap-¼nÂ
44 45

In-«p-sa-¶v- A-hÀ-¡-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p.-
(33) -
F-¶mÂ,- B- s]m-dp-¯p-
sIm-Sp-¡-s¸-«-,- F-XnÀ-¯p-n-¶- hy-Iv-Xn,-- d-kq-en-(e)-sâ- IÂ-]--
A-hÀ-s¡-Xn-cm-sW-¶v- hy-Iv-Xam-bmÂ,- X-§-fp-sS- IÂ-]--I-sf-
F-XnÀ-¡p-¶-Xv- A-hÀ- sh-dp-¯n-cp-¶n-Ã''-
(34) -
.-
Rm³- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- ap-¼v- I-gn-ª-Xp-t]m-se- A-h-sc- ]n-´p-SÀ¶-
h-tcm-Sv- A-hÀ- A-Xv- IÂ-]n-¨- kv-Yn-Xn-¡v- A-sX-§-s- A-hÀ-
sh-dp-¡pw?- am-{X-a-Ã,- {]-hm-N-I-N-cy-¡v- F-Xn-cm-b- A-h-cp-sS- --hm¡p-
IÄ- A-h-K-Wn-¡m-pw- A-hÀ- IÂ-]n-¨n-«p-v.- F-¶mÂ- C-amw- im-
^n-Cu-bm-I-s«,- kz-lo-lm-b- -_n-N-cy-¡v- F-Xn-cm-bn-«m-Wv- At±
lw- A-`n-{]m-b-w- ]-d-ª-Xv F-¦nÂ-Iq-Sn- A-t±-l-s¯- A-Xn-te¡v-
tNÀ-¯v- ]-d-bm³- kz-´w- A-p-N-c-·m-tcm-Sv- IÂ-]n-¨n-«p-v.- AXn-
mÂ,- kq-£v-aPv-Rm-n-bm-b- C-_v-p- Z-Jo-JpÂ- Cu-Zv-( )- hen
sbm-cp- {K-v-Y-¯nÂ- m-ev- C-am-ap-I-fnÂ- n-¶p-Å- kz-lo-lm-b-
l-Zo-Yp-IÄ-¡v- hn-cp-²-am-b- H-t¶m- A-Xn-e-[n-I-tam- a-Z-v-l-_p-IÄ,-
hn-j-b-§-fm-bn- ti-J-cn-¨-t¸mÄ,- A-Xn-sâ- B-Zy-¯nÂ- A-t±-lw-
]-d-ªp-:-
Cu- hn-j-b-§Ä- ap-Pv-X-ln-Zp-I-fm-b- C-am-ap-I-fn-te-¡v- tNÀ¯v-
]-d-bp-¶-Xv- n-jn-²-am-Wv.- A-h-sc- ]n³-]-äp-¶- ^p-J-lm-¡Ä- CXv-
A-dn-ªn-cn-¡Â- nÀ-_-v-[-am-Wv.- F-s´-¶mÂ,- A-h-cn-te-¡v- tNÀ
¯v- ]-d-bm-Xn-cn-¡m-pw- A-§-s- A-h-cp-sS-taÂ- I-f-hv- B-tcm]n
¡m-Xn-cn-¡m³- th-n-bp-am-W-Xv''-
(35) -
-_n-N-cy- ]n³-]-än-s¡m-v- Ap-bm-bn-IÄ- kz-´w-
C-amap-I-fp-sS- Nn-e- sam-gn-I-sf- H-gn-hm-¡p-¶p.-
ap-I-fnÂ- ]-d-ª- Im-c-W-§-sf-Ãmw-sIm-v,- C-am-ap-I-fp-sS-
Ap-bm-bn-IÄ,- ]qÀ-Æn-I-·m-cnÂ- n-¶pw- H-cp- hn-`m-K-hpw,- ]nÂ¡m-
e-¡m-cnÂ-n-¶v- Ip-d-¨v- t]-c-pw''-(36) -
X-§-fp-sS- C-am-ap-I-fp-sS- hm-¡pI-
sf-Ãmw- kzo-I-cn-¡p-I-bn-Ã.- kp-¶-¯n-s-Xn-cm-sW-¶v- hy-Iv-Xamb
t¸mÄ- A-XnÂ- (C-am-ap-I-fp-sS- hm-¡nÂ)-n-¶pw- [m-cm-fw- AhÀ-
H-gn-hm-¡n-bn-«p-v.- c-v- C-am-ap-I-fm-b- ap-l-½-Zv- C-_v-pÂ- l-k³,-
A_q-bq-kp-^v- (d-ln)- F-¶nhÀ- t]m-epw- X-§-fp-sS- ssi-Jv- Bb-
A-_q-l-o--^-bp-am-bn- G-I-tZ-iw- aq-¶n-sem-¶v- A-`n-{]m-b-§-
fnÂ''
(37) -
`n-¶- n-e-]m-Sv- kzo-I-cn-¨-Xm-bn- a-kv-A-e-I-fn-ep-Å- {K-vY-
§-fnÂ-n-¶pw- hy-Iv-X-am-Ip-¶p.- A-Xp-t]m-se-X-s¶-bm-Wv- C-amapÂ-
ap-kv-n-(38) -
sb-Ip-dn-¨pw,- C-amw- im-^n-bp-sS-bpw- a-äp- C-am-ap-I-fp-sSbpw-
A-p-bm-bn-I-sf-Ip-dn-¨pw- ]-d-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.- A-¯-cw- D-Zm-lc-W-
§Ä- mw- hn-h-cn-¡m³- t]m-bmÂ,- -½p-sS- NÀ-¨- ZoÀ-Ln-¨p-t]mhp-
I-bpw- mw- Cu- NÀ-¨-sImp-t±-in-¨- Im-cy-¯nÂ-n-¶pw- hy-XnNen-
¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿pw.- A-Xn-mÂ- -ap-¡v- c-v- D-Zm-l-c-W-§Ä- am{X-
ambn- Np-cp-¡mw-:-
n-¶pw- am-dn-t¸m-hp-I'!- A-lv-a-Zpw- (w- 5700)- C-Xp-t]m-se- D-²-cn-¨n-«p-v.-
XnÀ-an-Zn- (2/82)- kz-lo-lm-sW-¶v- {]-Jym-]n-¨p.-
C-_v-p- A-km-InÀ- (7/51/1)- C-_v-p- A-_o- Zn-Av-_nÂ-n-¶pw- D-²-cn-¡p¶p.-
A-t±-lw- ]-d-ªp:- d-_o-A-¯p-_v-p- A-_o- A-_v-Zp-d-lv-am-sâ- A-`n-{]m-b
a-p-k-cn-¨v- k-Av-Zv- C-_v-p- C-{_m-lnw- (A-Xm-b-Xv-,- A-_v-Zp-d-lv-am-p-_v-p-
Hu-^n-sâ- ]p-{X³)- H-cp- a-p-jy-s-Xn-sc- hn-[n-¨p.- B- hn-[n-¨-Xv- d-kq-en
(e)-sâ- hn-[n-s¡-Xn-cm-sW-¶v- Rm³- A-t±-l-s¯- A-dn-bn-¨p.- A-t¸mÄ- kAv
Zv- d-_o-A-tbm-Sv- ]-d-ªp-:- C-Xv- C-_v-p- A-_o- Zn-Av-_m-Wv.- A-t±-l-s¯-
Rm³- hn-iz-kv-X-m-bn- Im-Wp-¶p.- A-t±-lw- Rm³- hn-[n-¨-Xn-s-Xn-cm-bn-
dkq-en-(e)Â-n-¶pw- D-²-cn-¨p.- A-t¸mÄ- A-t±-l-t¯m-Sv- d-_o-A- ]-d-ªp-:-
Xm-¦Ä- ]-cn-{i-an-¨p.- Xm-¦Ä hn-[n- ]p-d-s¸-Sp-hn-¡p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp'.- k-A-Zv-
]-d-ªp-: B-iv-N-cyw-X-s¶-!- Rm³- k-A-Zn-sâ- hn-[n- -S-¸n-em-¡p-I-bpw- dkq
en-(e)-sâ- hn-[n- -S-¸n-em-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-I-tbm-!- C-Ã,- Rm-n-Xm-
k-A-Zn-sâ- am-Xr-]p-{X-m-b- k-A-Zn-sâ- hn-[n- d-±m-¡p-I-bpw- d-kq-en(e)-sâ-
hn-[n- -S-¸n-em-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶p.- A-§-s- k-A-Zv- hn-[n- ]p-kv-X-Iw- sIm
p-h-cm³- B-h-iy-s¸-Sp-I-bpw- A-Xv- Io-dn-¡-f-bp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- ti-jw-
A-t±-l-¯n-t·Â- ]p-Xn-b- hn-[n- Â-In''.-
33.- Rm³- (AÂ-_m-n)- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- am-{X-a-Ã,- A-t±-lw- {]-Xn-^-emÀ-l-p-amWv.-
-_n-(e)-bp-sS- hm-¡p-IÄ- A-Xm-Wv- kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv-:- H-cp- hn-[n- IÀ-¯mhv-
A-h-sâ- ]-cn-{i-a-¯n-sâ- A-Sn-kv-Ym--¯nÂ- H-cp- h-n-[n- Â-Ip-I-bpw,- A-Xv
i-cn-bm-hp-I-bpw- sN-bv-XmÂ,- A-h-v- c-v- {]-X-n-^-e-ap-v.- C-n- A-h-sâ-
]cn-{i-a-¯n-sâ- A-Sn-kv-Ym--¯nÂ- hn-[n- Â-Ip-I-bpw- A-Xv- sX-äm-hp-Ibpw-
sN-bv-XmÂ,- A-h-v- H-cp- {]-Xn-^-e-ap-v''.- (_p-Jm-cn-bpw- ap-kv-en-apw- a-äpw-
dnt¸mÀ-«v- sN-bv-X-Xv).-
34.- Cu-Jm-fpÂ- lp-aan-(t]-Pv- 93)sâ- Ip-dn-¸nÂ- tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xv.-
35.- -^p-Ã-m-n- (t]-Pv- 99)-
36.- kq-d-:- hm-Jn-A-x- 56:-13þ14
37. C-_v-p- B-_n-Zo³- lm-in-b(1/62)bn-Â-;- e-Iv--hn- A-¶m-^n-DÂ- I-_odn-
(t]-Pv- 93)Â- K-km-en-bn-te-¡v- tNÀ-¯v- ]-d-ªp.
38.- im-^n-Cu- ^n-Jv-ln-sâ- kw-{K-l (C-amw- im-^n-bp-sS- AÂ- D-½n-sâ- amÀ-Pn
nÂ- {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¨-Xv)-- ¯n-sâ- B-cw-`-¯nÂ- A-t±-lw- X-s¶- ]-d-bp-¶p-:-
Cu- {K-v-Yw- ap-l-½-Zv- C-_v-p- C-Zv-co-kp-Èm-^n-Cu-(d)bp-sS- hn-Pv-Rm--¯nÂ
n-¶pw- kw-km-c-¯n-sâ- B-i-b-§-fnÂ-n-¶pw- kw-{K-ln-¨-Xm-Wv.- B-h-iyap
46 47

1)- C-amw- ap-l-½-Zv- X-sâ- ap-h-Xz(39) -
bnÂ- ]-d-ªp-:- ap-l-½-Zv-
]d-ªp-:- A-_q-l-o-^-(d-l)-bm-I-s«,- a-g-¡v- th-n- H-cp- -a-kvIm-
c-ap-Å-Xm-bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã.- F-¶mÂ- -½p-sS- A-`n-{]m-b-
¯nÂ,- C-amw- P--§-sf-bp-am-bn- c-v- d-Iv-A-¯v- -a-kv-I-cn-¡p-
Ibpw- ti-jw- {]mÀ-°n-¡p-I-bpw- X-sâ- taÂ-h-kv-{Xw- am-än-a-dn¡p-
I-bpw- th-Ww....''-
2) C-Xm,- C-amw- ap-l-½-Zn-
(40)-
sâ- A-p-bm-bn-I-fn-ep-Å- H-cm-fpw-
C-amw- A-_q-bq-kp-^n-sâ
-
G-ä-hpw- A-Sp-¯- A-p-N-c-p-am-b- Ckm-
ap-_v-p- bq-kp-^pÂ- _Â-Jo-
(41)
.- A-t±-lw- [m-cm-fw- hn-j-b-§fnÂ-
C-amw- A-_q-l-o--^--bp-sS- sa-m-gn-IÄ-s¡-Xn-cm-bn- hn-[n- (^-Xv-hv)-
Â-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶p.- Im-c-Ww- A-t±-l-¯n-v- sX-fn-hv- e-`n-¨n-«n-Ã.- AX-
Ãm-¯- a-säm-cp- sX-fn-hv- hy-Iv-X-am-bmÂ,- A-X-p-k-cn-¨v- A-t±-lw-
hn-[n- Â-Ipw.''-
(42) -
A-¡m-c-W-¯mÂ-,- dp-Iq-C-te-¡v- t]m-Ip-t¼m-
gpw- A-XnÂ-n-¶v- D-b-cp-t¼m-gpw,- A-t±-lw- X-sâ- ssI-IÄ- D-bÀ¯p-
am-bn-cp-¶p''-
(43) -
C-Xv- -_n-(e)-bnÂ-n-¶p-Å- ap-X-hm-Xn-dm-b- kp-¶-
¯m-Wv.- X-sâ- aq-¶v- C-am-ap-IÄ- (A-Xm-b-Xv A-_q-l-o-^,- A_q-
bq-kp-^v,- ap-l-½-Zv)- A-Xn-v- hn-]-co-X-am-bn-«m-Wv- ]-d-ª-sX-¦nepw-
Iq-Sn,- A-X-p-k-cn-¨v- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶-Xv- A-t±-l-¯n-v- X-S-Ê-ambn-
«n-Ã.- m-ev- C-am-ap-I-fp-sS-bpw- a-äpw- km-£y-§-fnÂ- I--Xp-t]mse,-
Cu- n-e-]m-SnÂ- n-e-sIm-ÅÂ- Hm-tcm-- ap-kv-en-an-sâ-bpw- _m-[yX-
bm-Wv.-
C-Xp-h-sc- ]-d-ª-Xn-sâ- c-Xv--¨p-cp-¡w- C-Xm-Wv-:- Cu- ]p-kvXI-
¯n-se- B-i-b-§-sf- B-t£-]n-¡m-pw- a-Zv-l-_n-v- F-Xn-cm-sW¶-
Im-c-W-¯mÂ,- C-XnÂ- DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-Å- {]-hm-N-I-sâ- kp¶
¯p-IÄ- X-Ån-¡-f-bm-pw- C-am-ap-I-sf- (A-v-[-am-bn)- ]n³-]-äp¶-
h-cnÂ-n-¶p-Å- B-cpw- a-Xv-k-cn-t¨m-Sn-h-cn-sÃ-¶v- Rm³- B-Xv-amÀ°-
am-bn- B-{K-ln-¡p-¶p-.- ]-I-cw- mw- ap-¼v- hn-h-cn-¨-t]m-se- kp-¶¯n-
--p-kr-X-am-bn- {]-hÀ-¯n-t¡-- _m-[y-X-sb-Ip-dn-¨pw- kz-´w-
hm¡p-IÄ- kp-¶-¯n-s-Xn-cm-bmÂ- A-Xp-t]-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-s-Ipdn-
¨p-ap-Å- C-am-ap-I-fp-sS- B-lzm-w- A-hÀ- sN-hn-s¡m-Åp-sa-¶v- Rm-
³- {]-Xo-£n-¡p-¶p.- Cu- B-i-b-§-sf- B-t£-]n-¡p-I-sb-¶mÂ,
A-h³- ]n-´p-S-cp-¶- C-am-an-s- B-t£-]n-¡-em-Wv- F-¶-dn-ªp-
sIm-Å-s«.- A-Xv- G-Xv- C-am-am-bn-cp-¶m-epw- i-cn-.- Im-c-Ww,- mw-
Cu- B-i-bw- kzo-I-cn-¨-Xv-þap-¼v- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¨-Xp-t]m-se-þ A-hcnÂ-
n-¶m-Wv.- A-Xn-mÂ,- Cu- amÀ-K-¯nÂ- A-h-sc- ]n³-]-äp-¶-XnÂ-
Å-hÀ-¡v- A-Xv- a--Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn-v- th-n-bpw,- A-tXm-sSm-¸w- A-t±-ls¯-
bpw- a-äp-Å-h-sc-bpw- X-Jv-eo-Zv- sN-¿p-¶-Xn-ep-Å- hn-e-¡pw- a--Ên-em-¡p-hm³
th-n.- A-§-s- H-cp- hy-Iv-Xn-¡v- X-sâ- Zo-n-s- {i-²-tbm-sS- tm-¡p-hmpw-
kz-´-am-bn- kq-£v-a-X- ]m-en-¡m-pw- km-[n-¡pw''.-
39.- C-XnÂ- C-cp-]-tXm-fw- hn-j-b-§-fnÂ- X-sâ- C-am-an-v- hn-cp-²-am-b- k-ao-]§
Ä ssI-s¡m-Åp-¶p-v- (-¼À- 42,- 44,- 103,- 120,- 158,- 169,- 172,- 173,- 228,- 230,-240,-
244,- 274,- 275,- 284,- 314,- 331,- 338,- 355,- 356).- X-Av-eo-Jv- ap-a-Ö-n-Zv- A-em- aphXzAv-
ap-l-½-Zn-(ap-l-½-Zn-sâ- ap-h-Xz-bn-se- {]-[m-- Ip-dn-¸p-IÄ)Â-n-¶v.-
40.- A-h-cnÂ- A-t±-l-s¯- ]-cm-aÀ-in-¨p-sIm-v- C-_v-p- B-_n-Zo³- AÂ-lmin
b(1/74)-bn-epw- d-kv-apÂ- ap--^v-Xn(1/17)bn-epw- D-²-cn-¨p.- Jp-d-in- AÂ-P-hm-lnÀ-
AÂ- a-fn-b-Xp- -^-o- Xz-_-Jm-XnÂ- l--^n-b- (t]-Pv- 347)-bn-Â- A-t±-l-s¯-
]-cm-aÀ-in-¨p-sIm-v- ]-d-ªp-:- A-t±-lw- l-Zo-Yn-sâ- B-fp-I-fnÂ- hn-iz-kvX
m-bn-cp-¶p.- A-t±-l-hpw- A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- k-tlm-Z-c-pw- A-¡m-e-L-«-¯nep-
Å- _Â-Jn-se- ssi-Jp-am-cm-bn-cp-¶p''.-
41.- AÂ-^-hm-C-ZpÂ- _-ln-¿-X- ^o- X-dm-Pn-anÂ- l--^n-¿(t]-Pv- 116).-
42.- AÂ-_-lvÀ- AÀ-dm-C-Jv- (6/93)-;- d-kv-apÂ- ap-^v-Xn- (1/28).-
43.- AÂ-^-hm-C-Zv..- (t]-Pv- 116).- ti-jw- A-p-_-v-[-am-bn- h-f-sc- {]-tbm-P-Icam-
b- H-cp- I-p-dn-¸v- Iq-Sn- tNÀ-¯p-:- Rm³- ]-d-ªp-:- C-XnÂ-n¶-pw- A-_q-lo^
b-nÂ-n-¶p-Å- a-Iv-lq-en-sâ- dn-t¸mÀ-«n-sâ- ^e-iq-y-X- hy-Iv-X-am-Ip-¶p-:- a
kv-Im-c-¯nÂ- ssI-I-fp-bÀ-¯n-b-h-sâ- -a-kv-Im-cw- Ip-g-¸-¯n-em-bn'- (F¶-
dn-t¸mÀ-«v).- C-Xv- ap-tJ--bm-Wv- C-Xv-Jm-n-se- Kp-a-kv-X-m-b- A-aoÀ- h-©n-X
m-b-Xv.- A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- Po-h-N-cn-{X-¯nÂ- A-Xv- hn-h-cn-¡p-¶p-v.- A-_q
bq-kp-^n-sâ- A-p-N-c-m-b- C-kzm-ap-_v-p- bq-kp-^v- ssI-I-fp-bÀ-¯p-am-bncp
¶p.- ap-I-fnÂ- D-²-cn-¨-Xn-v- h-Ã- A-Sn-kv-Ym--hp-ap-m-bn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ- A-_q
bq-kp-^pw- C-kzm-apw- A-X-dn-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p.- A-t±-lw- ]-d-ªp-:- H-cp- l-^n,-
H-cp- hn-j-b-¯nÂ- X-sâ- C-am-an-sâ- a-Zv-l-_n-v- hn-cp-²-am-bn- i-Iv-X-am-b-
sX-fn-hp-Å-Xn-mÂ- B- a-Zv-l-_v- A-h-K-Wn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ- A-h³- A-t±
l-s¯- ]n³-]-äp-¶-h-cp-sS- I-®n-bnÂ-n-¶pw- ]p-d-¯v- t]m-hp-I-bn-Ã.- F-¶mÂ,-
_m-ly-am-bn- X-Jv-eo-Zv- D-t]-£n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nepw- b-YmÀ-°- X-Jv-eo-Zv- Xs¶-
bm-Wn-Xv.- C-Xm-Wv- a--Ên-em-Ip-¶-Xv.- ssI-bp-bÀ-¯p-¶-Xv- H-gn-hm-¡n-b- A_q-
l-o--^-bp-sS- a-Zv-l-_n-s- D-t]-£n-¨- C-k-m-ap-_v-p- bq-kp--^--n-s- l--^nI-
fnÂ- X-s¶- F-® p-¶-Xv- n-§Ä- Im-Wp-¶n-tÃ?- A-t±-lw- ]-d-ªp-:- -½psS-
Im-e-L-«-¯n-se- A-P-v-R-X-bnÂ-n-¶pw- Rm³- A-Ãm-lp-hn-tm-Sv- B-h-emXn-
t_m-[n-¸n-¡p-¶p-:- i-Iv-X-am-b- sX-fn-hp-Å-Xn-mÂ- G-sX-¦n-epw- H-cp- hn-jb
¯nÂ- H-cmÄ- X-sâ- C-am-an-s- X-Jv-eo-Zv- sN-¿p-¶-Xv- H-gn-hm-¡n-bn-«p-s¦nÂ-
A-hÀ- A-h-s- B-t£-]n-¡p-I-bpw- C-am-an-s- ]n³-]-äp-¶-h-cp-sS- Iq-«-¯nÂ
n-¶pw- A-h-s- ]n-d-´-Åp-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶p-!-!- C-{]-Im-cw- sN-¿p-¶-Xv- km[mc
W-¡m-cm-sW-¦nÂ- A-XnÂ- A-Xv-`p-X-s¸-Sm-n-Ã.- F-¶mÂ- Pv-Rm-n-I-fm-bn-
N-a-bp-I-bpw- Im-en-I-sf- t]m-se- A-h-tcm-sSm-¸w- -S-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶-hcnÂ-
n-¶pw- C-Xp-m-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv- G-sd- B-iv-N-cyw!''-
48 49

n-¶pw- B-cv- Xn-cn-ªv- I-f-ªp-thm,- A-h³- h-en-b- A-]-I-S-¯nem-
Wv.- Im-c-Ww,- A-Xv- kp-¶-¯nÂ-n-¶v- X-s¶- Xn-cn-ªp-I-f-b-emWv.-
A-`n-{]m-b- `n-¶-X-bp-sS- k-µÀ-`-¯nÂ,- A-Xn-te-¡v- (kp-¶-¯n-
te-¡v)- a-S-§m-pw,- A-Xn-s- A-h-ew-_n-¡m-p-am-Wv- mw- IÂ-]n-
¡-s¸-«-Xv.- A-Ãm-lp- ]-d-ªp-:-
-C-Ã,- n-s³-d- c-£n-Xm-hn-s-¯-s¶-bm-W- k-Xyw-;- A-hÀ-¡nS-
bnÂ- `n-¶-X-bp-m-b- Im-cy-¯nÂ- A-hÀ- n-s¶- hn-[n-IÀ-¯mhm-
¡p-I-bpw,- o- hn-[n- IÂ-]n-¨-Xn-s-¸-än- ]n-¶o-S-h-cp-sS- a--Êp-IfnÂ-
H-cp- hn-j-a-hpw- tXm-¶m-Xn-cn-¡p-I-bpw- A-Xv- ]qÀ-W-am-bn- k-½-
Xn¨v- A-p-k-cn-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶-Xv- h-sc- A-hÀ- hn-izm-kn-Ifmhp-
I-bn-Ã-.''-- (kq-d-:- n-km-Av- 4:-65.-)
X-§Ä-¡n-S-bnÂ- (d-kqÂ)- XoÀ-¸v- IÂ-]n-¡p-¶-Xn-m-bn- AÃm-
lp-hn-te-¡pw- A-h-s³-d- d-kq-en-e-¡pw- A-hÀ- hn-fn-¡-s¸-«mÂ- A-
t¸m-g-Xm A-h-cnÂ- H-cp- hn-`m-Kw- Xn-cn-ªp-I-f-bp-¶p.- ym-bw- AhÀ-
¡-p-Iq-e-am-sW¦-n-tem- A-hÀ- A-t±-l-¯n-s³-d- (d-kq-en-s³-d)-
A-Sp-t¯-¡v- hn-t[-b-Xz-t¯m-Sv- Iq-Sn- h-cn-I-bpw- sN-¿pw.''- --(kq-d-:-
qÀ- 24:-51þ52.)
(Z-am-kv-I-kv,- P-am-ZpÂ- B-JnÀ,- ln.- 1370)-
sX-än-²m-c-W-I-fpw-
A-h-bv-¡-p-Å- a-dp-]-Sn-b-pw-
]-¯v- hÀ-jw- ap-¼m-bn-cp-¶p- Rm³- Cu- {K-v-Y-¯n-sâ- B-apJw-
F-gp-Xn-bn-cp-¶-Xv.- Cu- Im-e-b-f-hnÂ- F-n-s¡m-cp- Im-cyw- hyIvX-
am-bn.- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-b- bp-hm-¡Ä-¡n-S-bnÂ- C-Xv- -Ã- kzm[o-
w- sN-ep-¯n-bn-«p-v- F-¶v.- A-h-cp-sS- Zo-n-sâ-bpw- C_m-Z-¯nsâ-
bpw- hn-j-b-¯nÂ- C-kv-em-an-sâ- sX-fn-ª- D-d-hn-S-§-fmb- JpÀB-
n-te-¡pw- -_n-N-cy-bn-te-¡pw- a-S-t§--Xn-sâ- {]m-[my-s¯-
¡p-dn-¨v- A-h-sc- t_m-[y-s¸-Sp-¯m³- km-[n-¨p.- A-h-cnÂ- kp-¶¯-
p-k-cn-¨v- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶-h-cp-sS-bpw- A-X-p-k-cn-¨v- C-_m-Z-¯nÂ-
ap-gp-Ip-¶-h-cp-sS-bpw- F-®w- hÀ-[n¨p-þ AÂ-lw-Zpen-Ãm-lv.- F-{X-
t¯m-f-sa-¶mÂ- A-hÀ- A-Xn-sâ- h-Iv-Xm-¡-fm-bn- A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-
Xv-h-sc-sb-¯n.- F-¦n-epw,- A-X-p-k-cn-¨v- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-hm³- Aam-
´n-¨v- nÂ-¡p-¶- Nn-e-sc- F-n-¡v- I-s-¯m³- km-[n-¨p.- JpÀ
B³- h-N--§-fpw- kp-¶-¯n-te-¡v- a-S-§m-p-Å- C-am-ap-I-fp-sS-
IÂ-]--I-fpw- hm-bn-¨-ti-jw- A-Xv- nÀ-_-v-[-am-tWm- F-¶p-Å-
kw-i-bw- sIm--Ã-;- a-dn-¨v- Nn-e ap-J-Ãn-Zp-I-fm-b- ssi-Jp-am-cnÂ-
n-¶pw- tI-«- sX-än-²m-c-WI-f-m-Wv- Im-c-Ww.- A-Xn-mÂ,- A-h-cpsS-
[m-c-W-IÄ- kq-Nn-¸n-¡m-pw- A-Xn-v- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-bm-pw- Rm³-
50

Xo-cp-am-n-¨p.- A-Xp-aq-ew,- kp-¶-¯-p-k-cn-¨v- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡m³- Nn-
eÀ-¡v- t{]m-Xv-km-l--am-tb-¡pw.- A-§-s,- A-Ãm-lp-hn-sâ- Ap-
a-Xn-tbm-sS- A-h-À- c-£-s¸-«- hn-`m-K-¯nÂ- (^nÀ-J-Xp-¶m-Pn-b)-
DÄs¸-Sp-I-bpw- sN-bv-tX-¡mw.-
1.-Nn-eÀ-]-d-bp-¶p-:--½p-sS-Zo-n-sâ-Im-cy-§-fnÂ--_n-(e)bp-
sS-amÀ-K-¯n-te-¡v-Xn-cn-¨p-t]m-I-W-sa-¶-Im-cy-¯nÂ-bmsXmcp-
kw-i-b-hp-an-Ã.-{]-tXy-In-¨v-A-`n-{]m-b-§Ä-¡pw-C-Pv-Xn-lm-Zn-pw-
C-S-an-Ãm-¯--a-kv-Im-cw-t]m-se-bp-Å-ip-²-am-b-B-cm-[-mImcy-
§-fnÂ-.- Im-c-Ww,- A-Xv- kv-Ym-bn-bm-b-Xm-Wv-.- F-¶mÂ,- ap-J-Ãn-Zp-
I-fm-b-ssi-Jp-I-fnÂ-B-cpw-X-s¶-A-{]-Im-cw-IÂ-]n-¡p-¶-Xm-
bn-«v--mw-tIÄ-¡p-¶n-Ã.-a-dn-¨v,-A-hÀ-A-`n-{]m-b-`n-¶-X-sb-AwKo-
I-cn-¡p-I-bpw-A-Xv-Cu-k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-sâ-hn-im-e-X-bm-bn-I-W¡m-
¡p-I-bpw-sN-¿p-¶p.-kp-¶-¯n-sâ-k-lm-bn-IÄ-¡v-a-dp-]-Sn-]dbp-
t¼mÄ-A-hÀ-n-c-´-cw-D-²-cn-¡p-¶-H-cp-l-Zo-Yp-v.-A-hÀ-AXn-
v-sX-fn-hm-bn-sIm-p-h-cp-¶-XvF-sâ-k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-se-A`n{]m-
b-`n-¶-X-(C-Jv-Xn-em-^v)H-cp-Im-cp-Wy-am-Wv-(d-lv-a-¯v)''-.-n-§Ä-
£-Wn-¡p-I-bpw-n-§-fp-sS-Cu-]p-kv-X-I-hpw-a-äpw-t{Im-UoIcn¨
Xp-am-b-B-ZÀ-i--¯n-s-Xn-cm-Wv-Cu-l-ZoYv-F-¶v--ap-¡v-tXm
¶p-¶p.-A-Xn-mÂ,-Cu-l-Zo-Yn-s-Ip-dn-¨v-n-§-sf-´m-Wv-]-dbp-
¶-Xv?-
a-dp-]-Sn-:- C-Xn-p-Å- a-dp-]-Sn- c-v- n-e-¡m-Wv-:-
F.- H-¶m-a-Xv-:- Cu- l-Zo-Yv- kz-lo-l-Ã.- {]-Xyp-X- A-Xv- A-kXy-
hpw- A-Sn-kv-Ym--c-ln-X-hp-am-Wv.- A-Ãm-am- kp-_v-In- ]-d-ªp-:- AXn-
v- kz-lo-tlm,- f-Cu-t^m,- au-fp-Hm- B-b- H-cp- ]-c-¼-c- I-s¯m³-
F-n-¡v- km-[n-¨n-«n-Ã''- (]-c-¼-c-bn-Ã- F-¶À-°w).-
Rm³- (AÂ-_m-n-)- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- a-säm-cp- cq-]-¯nÂ- C-Xv- dnt¸mÀ-
«v- sN-¿-s¸-«n-«p-v-:- ...-F-sâ- kz-lm-_n-IÄ-¡n-S-bn-ep-Å- A-`n-{]mb-
`n-¶-X- n-§Ä-¡v- A-p-{K-l-am-Wv''.-
A-Xv-t]m-se,- F-sâ- kz-lm-_n-IÄ- -£-{X-§-sf- t]m-sebm-
Wv,- A-Xn-mÂ,- n-§Ä- B-sc- ]n-´p-SÀ-¶m-epw- k-·mÀ-Kw- {]m]n-
¡pw''.- C-h- c-pw- kz-lo-l-Ã.- H-¶m-a-t¯-Xv- Xo-sc- ZpÀ-_-e-amWv.-
c-m-a-t¯-Xv- a-p-jy-nÀ-an-X-(au-fq-Av')hp-am-Wv-.- C-¯-c-¯n-epÅ-
F-Ãm- sam-gn-I-fpw- Rm³- ]-cn-tim-[n-¨v- hn-i-Z-am-bn- knÂkn-e-¯pÂ-
A-lm-Zo-Yp-Å-Cu-^- hÂ-au-fq-A (w- 58,- 59,- 61)bnÂ- D²-cn-¨n-
«pv.-
_n.- c-m-a-Xv-:- Cu- l-Zo-Yv ZpÀ-_-e-am-sW-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w,- hnip-
²- JpÀ-B-n-v- hn-cp-²-hp-am-Wv.- Im-c-Ww,- Zn-nÂ- A-`n-{]-m-b- `n¶X-
bp-m-Ip-¶-Xn-s- hn-tcm-[n-¡p-I-bpw- A-`n-{]m-b- sF-Iy-ap-mIp-
¶-Xn-m-bn- IÂ-]n-¡p-I-bpw- sN¿p-¶- B-b-¯p-IÄ- HmÀ-as¸Sp
t¯--Xn-Ãm-¯-hn-[w- {]-kn-²-am-Wv.- F-¶n-cp-¶m-epw- A-h-bnÂ-
Nn-e-Xv- D-Zm-l-c-W-¯n-v- th-n- D-²-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-v- Ip-g-¸-an-Ã.-
AÃmlp- ]-d-ªp-:-
n-§Ä- `n-¶n-¨v- t]m-I-cp-Xv. -F-¦nÂ- n-§Ä-¡v- ss[-cy-£bw-
t-cn-Sp-I-bpw- n-§-f-sS- ho-cyw- (-in-¨v-)- t]m-Ip-I-bpw- sN-¿pw.-''
(kq-d- A³-^mÂ- 8:-46)
n-§Ä- _-lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I-cp-sS- Iq-«-¯n-em-bn-t¸m-I-cp-Xv.-A-
Xm-b-Xv,- X-§-fp-sS- a-X-s¯- On-¶-`n-¶-am-¡p-I-bpw,- ]-e- I-£nI-
fm-bn- Xn-cn-bp-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-h-cp-sS- Iq-«-¯nÂ.- Hm-tcm- I-£n-bpw-
X-§-fp-sS- ]-¡-ep-Å-XnÂ- k-t´m-j-a-S-bp-¶-h-c-s{X.'' (kq-d-:- dqw-
30:-31þ32)
A-hÀ- `n-¶n-¨v- sIm-t-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.-n-s³-d- c-£n-Xm-hv-
I-cp-W- sN-bv-X-h-scm-gn-sI.''--
(kq-d-:- lq-Zv- 11:-118þ119)
A--t¸m-Ä,- n-sâ- c-£n-Xm-hv- I-cp-W- sN-bv-X-hÀ- `n-¶n-¡p-IbnÃ.-
A-k-Xy-¯n-sâ- B-fp-IÄ- am-{X-am-Wv- `n-¶n-¡p-¶-Xv.- ]n-s¶- F§-
s-bm-Wv- A-`n-{]m-b-`n-¶-X- I-m-cp-Wy-am-hp-I?-!-
A-Xn-mÂ- Cu- l-Zo-Yv- kz-lo-l-Ã- F-¶-Xv- kv-Yn-co-I-cn-¡-s¸«p.-
]-c-¼-c-bp-sS- Im-cy-¯n-epw- B-i-b-¯n-sâ- Im-cy-¯n-epw.--(4)
-
A-t¸mÄ,- C-am-ap-IÄ- IÂ-]n-¨- JpÀ-B-pw- kp-¶-¯p-a-p-k-
cn-¨v- sIm-v- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶-Xv- X-S-bm³- Cu- l-ZoYv- kzo-I-cn-
¡p-¶-Xv- A-p-h-Z-o-b-a-sÃ-¶v- C-Xv- hy-Iv-X-am-bn- a--Ên-em-¡n-¯-
cp-¶p.-
4.- A-XnÂ- hn-i-Z-am-b- ]-T-w B-{K-ln-¡p-¶-hÀ- knÂ-kn-e-¯p-Â- A-lm-ZoYp-
Å-Cu-^- (.- 58,- 59,- 61) Im-Wp-I-.-
52 53

2.- th-sd- Nn-eÀ- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- a-X-¯nÂ- A-`n-{]m-b-`n-¶-X- hn-e-
¡-s¸-«-Xm-sW-¦nÂ- kz-lm-_n-IÄ-¡n-S-bn-epw,- A-hÀ-¡v- ti-j-
ap-Å-C-am-ap-IÄ-¡n-S-bn-ep-ap-Å-`n-¶-X-sb-¡p-dn-¨v-n-§-sf-´v-]d-
bp-¶p?-A-X-Ã,-A-h-cp-sS-`n-¶-X-bpw,-]nÂ-¡m-e-¡m-cp-sS-`n-¶X-
bpw- X-½nÂ- hy-Xym-k-ap-tm?-
a-dp-]-Sn-:-A-sX,- c-v- `n-¶-X-bpw- X-½nÂ- h-en-b- hy-Xym-kapv.-
c-v- co-Xn-bnÂ- A-Xv- hy-Iv-X-am-Ipw.- H-¶v-:- A-Xn-sâ- Im-c-Ww.- cv:-
A-Xn-s³-d- ^-ew.-
F.-kz-lm-_n-I-fp-sS- `n-¶-X-bm-I-s«,- H-gn-¨p-Iq-Sm³- ]-äm-¯Xpw-
a--Ên-em-¡p-t¶-S-¯p-Å -kzm-`m-hn-I-am-b- `n-¶-X-b-p-am-Wv.- Ahcn
Â-n-¶pw- B-cpw- A-`n-{]m-b- `n-¶-X- kz-bw- sX-c-sª-Sp¯-X-Ã.-
A-h-cp-sS- Im-e-¯p-m-bn-cp-¶- a-äv- Im-cy-§fpw- A-Xn-te¡v- kzm[o-
n-¨n-cp-¶p.- A-Xv- A-h-cp-sS-bn-S-bn-ep-Å- `n-¶-X- A-n-hmcyam-¡n.-
]n-¶o-Sv- A-h-cp-sS- Im-e-ti-jw- A-Xv- o-§n-t¸m-hp-I-bpw- sNbvXp.
(5)
-
C-¯-cw- A-`n-{]m-b-`n-¶-X-IÄ- ]qÀ-W-am-bpw- C-Ãm-Xm-¡m³- km[y-
a-Ã.- A-Xn-mÂ,- ap-¼p-²-cn-¨- B-b-¯p-Ifn-epw- A-tX- Bi-b-¯n-
ep-Å- a-äv- Bb-¯p-I-fn-ep-w- D-Å- B-t£-]w- C-hÀ-¡v- _m[-IaÃ-
þ D-t±-i-]qÀ-Æw- `n-¶n-¨-tXm- `n-¶-X-bnÂ- D-d-¨p-n-¶-tXm- AÃm¯-
Xv- sIm-v- X-s¶.--
F-¶mÂ- C-¶p-Å- ap-J-Ãn-Zp-IfnÂ- Im-Wp-¶- `n-¶-X-bm-I-s«-
A-Xn-v- s]m-Xp-hnÂ- bm-sXm-cp- ym-bo-I-c-W-hp-an-Ã.- A-h-cnÂ- Nne
À-¡v- Nn-e-t¸mÄ- JpÀ-B-nÂ-n-¶pw- kp-¶-¯nÂ-n-¶p-ap-Å- sXfn-
hv- hy-Iv-X-am-Ipw.- A-Xv,- A-hÀ- km-[m-c-W- ]n-´p-S-cp-¶-Xn-s-Xncm-
bn-«p-Å- a-säm-cp- a-Zv-l-_n-v- A-p-Iq-e-am-b- sX-fn-hm-sW-¦nÂ,-
kz´w- a-Zv-l-_n-s-Xn-cm-sW-¶- H-ä-¡m-c-W-¯mÂ- A-Xn-s- AhÀ-
A-h-K-Wn-¨p-I-f-bpw-þ- a-Zv-l-_m-Wv- A-h-cp-sS-b-Sp-¡Â- A-Sn-kv-Ym-
]-cw- F-¶- n-e-¡v.- A-sÃ-¦nÂ- A-Xv- ap-l-½-Zv- (e)- sIm-p-h-¶-
Zo-m-Wv- F-¶- n-e-¡v.- a-äv- a-Zv-l-_m-I-s«,- ZpÀ-_-e-am-¡-s¸-«- thsd-
Zo³- B-Wv- F-¶-Xp-t]m-se!-
th-sd- Nn-eÀ- C-Xn-v- t-sc- hn-]-co-X-am-Wv.- A-hÀ- Cu- a-Zvl_p-
I-sf- A-h-bv-¡n-S-bn-ep-Å- hym-]-I-am-b- A-`n-{]m-b- `n-¶-X-I-fp-Å-
tXm-sSm-¸w-X-s¶-þ hn-hn-[- i-co-A-¯p-I-fm-bn- (a-X-n-b-a-§-fm-bn)-
I-W-¡m-¡p-¶p.- A-h-cnÂ- ]nÂ-¡m-e-¡m-cm-b- Nn-eÀ- A-Xv- hyIvX-
am-¡n-b-Xv-t]m-se.---(6)
- H-cp- ap-kv-en-an-v- A-h-tb-XnÂ-n-¶pw- A-hpt±-
in-¡p-¶-Xv- sIm-Åp-I-bpw- X-Åp-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶-Xn-v- Ip-g-¸-an-Ã-.-
A-h-sb-Ãmw- Aw-Ko-Ir-X- a-X-n-b-a-§-fm-Wv-!- Cu- c-v- Iq-«-cpw-
X§Ä- A-`n-{]m-b- `n-¶-X-bnÂ-X-s¶- n-e-sIm-Åp-hm-p-Å- ymbo-
I-c-W-am-bn- Im-Wp-¶-Xv- Cu- n-cÀ-°-I-am-b- lZo-Ym-Wvþ Fsâ-
k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-se- A-`n-{]m-b-`n-¶-X- Im-cp-Wy-amWv''.- ]-e-cpw- C-Xv-
sX-fn-hm-bp-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv- mw- [m-cm-f-am-bn- tI-«n-«p-v-!-
A-h-cnÂ- Nn-eÀ- Cu- l-Zo-Yn-v- ]n-¶n-se- Im-c-W-§-fpw- D-t±-i-
§-fpw- hy-Iv-X-am-¡n-s¡m-v- ]-d-bp-¶p-:- n-iv-N-b-am-bpw- A-`n-{]mb-
`n-¶-X- A-p-{K-l-am-Im³- Im-c-Ww- A-XnÂ- k-ap-Zm-b-t¯m-Sp-Å-
hn-im-e-X-bpÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶-Xv- sIm-m-Wv-!'-'- Cu- Im-c-Ww',- ap-¼p²-
cn-¨- hy-Iv-X-am-b- JpÀ-B³- h-N--§Ä-¡pw- kq-Nn-¸n-¡-s¸-«- Cam-
ap-I-fp-sS- h-N--§-fp-sS- B-i-b-§Ä-¡pw- F-Xn-cm-Wv- F-¶-tXmsSm-
¸w,-- C-Xn-v- hy-Iv-X-am-b- a-dp-]-Sn- Nn-e-cnÂ-n-¶v- h-¶n«papv.-
C-_v-pÂ- Jm-knw- ]-d-ªp-:- d-kq-en-(e)-sâ- kz-lm-_n-I-fnse-
A-`n-{]m-b- `n-¶-X-sb-Ip-dn-¨v- am-en-Ipw- sse-Ypw- ]-d-bp-¶-Xm-bn-
Rm³- tI-«p-:- P--§Ä- ]-d-bp-¶Xv- t]m-se- A-XnÂ- hn-im-eXbp-
v''- F-¶-Ã-.- A-{]-Im-c-a-Ã- X-s¶.- A-XnÂ- Nn-e-Xv- sX-äpw- Nn-e-Xv-
i-cn-bp-am-bn-«p-Å- Im-cy-am-Wv'- ''--(7)
-
A-iv-l-_v- ]-d-ªp-:- d-kq-en-(e)-sâ- A-p-N-c-·mÀ- ap-tJ-- hniz-
kv-X-cm-b- B-fp-I-fnÂ-n-¶p-Å- l-Zo-Yv- kzo-I-cn¨- H-cm-sf-¡p-dn-¨v-
C-amw- am-en-Iv- tNm-Zn-¡-s¸-«p-:- Xm-¦Ä- A-XnÂ- hn-im-e-X- Im-Wp¶p-
tm?''-
A-t±-lw- ]-d-ªp-:- C-Ã,- A-Ãm-lp- k-Xyw,- k-Xy-am-b-Xv- e`n¡p-
¶n-S-t¯m-fw- k-Xyw- H-¶v- am-{X-am-Wv.- hn-cp-²-am-b- c--`n-{]m-b-
5.-C-_v-p-l-kv-an-sâ- AÂ- C-lv-I-mw- -^-o- D-kq-enÂ- A-lv-Imw-,- A-±-lv-e-hnbpsS-
lpÖ¯p-Ãm-lnÂ-_m-en-K,-- Cu- hn-j-bw- {]-tXy-I-am-bn- ssI-Im-cyw- sN¿p¶-
A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- X-s¶- c-N--bm-b- C-Jv-ZÂ-Po-Zv- ^o- A-lv-Im-anÂ- CPvXn-lmZv-
h-¯-Jv-eo-Zvþ F-¶n-h- ]-cn-tim-[n-¡p-I.-
6.-ap-m-hn-bp-sS- ss^-fÂ-J-ZoÀ- (1/209)- A-sÃ-¦nÂ- knÂ-kn-e-¯pÂ-- A-lmZoYp
Å-Cu-^ (-1/76,-77)- Im-Wp-I.-
7.-Pm-an-D- _-bm-nÂ- CÂ-an-(2/81þ82)Â- C-_v-p- A-_v-ZpÂ- _À-dv.-
54 55

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