SG 1000 - The World's ImagiNation

Symbiotic Genius Creativity Platform
Empowers Singapore’s Economy &
1 Billion Workers Worldwide for 1,000 Years
SG
1000
WIN
World’s ImagiNation
Mark Lee, MIT S.M. ‘99
July 2016

SG 1000: World’s ImagiNation
Opportunity
SG
1000
What?
How?
Creativity Research Proposal21st Century Meta-Idea
• The World’s ImagiNation
for Economic Growth
• General Purpose Technology
for Multiple SG Industries
• Economics Nobel Prize
Supports
Singapore’s Long-Term
(1000 Years) Survival
Next Steps
Ideas Drive Economic Growth
… the real scarce inputs
the few who produce good ideas
will reap huge rewards
Supplemental Information

“in the future, ideas will be the real scarce inputs
… the few who provide good ideas
will reap huge rewards”
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2014-06-04/new-world-order
Note: Professor Brynjolfsson was my MIT thesis advisor; Professor Spence is the 2001 Economics Nobel Medalist
Driven by
Creativity

Creativity: “Connecting Things”
How Do
Geniuses
Connect “Things”,
e.g. ideas?
Even
Mathematics
(The Most Rigorous Discipline)
Requires
Creativity

Fields Medalists Connect Disparate Mathematics Fields
(connecting ideas)
The ability to detect hidden connections
between
different areas of mathematics
Cedric Villani
2010 Fields Medalist 1‘
a fundamental structural connection
between
elliptic curves & modular forms
Andrew Wiles
2016 Abel Prize Winner 2
“Monstrous Moonshine”: (a) & (b)
(a) Group Theory (monster group)
1 + 196,883
(b) Number theory (j-function)
196,884
Richard Borcherds
1998 Fields Medalist
“Math is … building bridges where
on one side you see more clearly
than on the other,” Duncan said. “
... this bridge was so
unexpectedly powerful
that before you see the proof
it’s kind of crazy.” 3
1 Birth of a Theorem: A Mathematical Adventure – Cedric Villani
2 https://www.myscience.org/wire/fermat_s_last_theorem_proof_secures_mathematics_top_prize_for_sir_andrew_wiles-2016-oxford
3 Https://www.quantamagazine.org/20150312-mathematicians-chase-moonshines-shadow/

Fields Winners
(Math Genius)
Borcherds
Villani
Wiles
Creativity Mathematics
Drives
Drives?
Creativity Drives Mathematics
Can Mathematics Drive Creativity?
SG Challenge
Identify
How
Mathematics
Drives
Creativity
“It is by logic that we prove,
but by intuition that we discover”
Henri Poincare

What Is SG 1000?
SG
1000
Symbiotic Genius
Human Imagination
w/Machine Intelligence

Symbiotic Genius Transforms Creativity by Using
Math to Fuse Human Imagination w/Machine Intelligence
Solo
Within 1 Human
Symbiotic Genius
Future
Between
Human & Machine
Math: Common Language
Human
Imagination
Machine
Intelligence
Math with
Group
Between Humans
e.g.
Watson & Crick
Watson
Crick
Quantum Leaps in Genius Opportunities

a mental construct that
satisfies a collection of
explicit formal rules
on which
mathematical reasoning
can be carried out.
Committee on
the Mathematical Sciences in 2025;
Board on Mathematical Sciences
and Their Applications
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/15269/the-mathematical-sciences-in-2025
Mathematical Structure
IDEA
a mental construct that
satisfies a collection of
explicit formal rules
on which
mathematical reasoning
can be carried out.
Ideas are a Super-Set of Mathematical Structures

Math: Common Language between Humans & Machines
(STEM) Ideas: Mathematical Structures
Symbiotic Genius
Between
Human & Machine
Math: Common Language
Human
Imagination
Machine
Intelligence
Math with
Ideas
As
Mathematical
Structures
&
Discover & Apply
“Mathematics of Ideas”
to Drive
Creativity

Ask Learn Look Play Think Fuse Choose Make
Symbiotic Genius (SG) Connects Humans with Machines
to Digitally Broaden, Accelerate & Deepen Creativity
Human + Digital ActivitiesHuman Activities
Broaden, Accelerate & Deepen
The Creative & Innovation Processes *
Human Activities
Symbiotic Genius (SG) Math-Driven Creativity Platform
(VR/AR) + IOT
Imagination
Automation
Mathematics of Ideas
* Adapted from K. Sawyer’s creativity process - Zig Zag: The Surprising Path to Greater Creativity

Use the SG 1000’s Mathematics of Ideas to
Mathematically Structure Scientific Initiatives
for Faster & Easier Exploration with Discovery
Protein Folding
Fold-It 1
Atom Snatching
“Bring Home Water”
Quantum Moves 2
1 http://fold.it/portal/info/science
2 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v532/n7598/full/nature17620.html

How to Achieve
Symbiotic Genius (SG) 1000?
SG
1000
Symbiotic Genius
Human Imagination

Creativity Principle Resides in Mathematics
Logic: A  B; Imagination  ∞
Logic will get you from A to B.
Imagination will take you everywhere
Imagination
is more important than knowledge
Einstein’s
June 1933 Herbert Spencer lecture
at Oxford.

Mathematics
the Common Language between
Human and Machine
(enables creativity)

2002 Fields Medalist Voevodsky Launched
Univalent Foundations
(Revolutionizes Foundations of Mathematics)
working on new foundations of mathematics based on
homotopy-theoretic semantics of Martin-Lof type theories.
Voevodsky’s Mathematical R3evolution
at the Heidelberg Laureate Forum, Vladimir Voevodsky gave
perhaps the most revolutionary scientific talk I’ve ever heard
… soon, they’ll understand the foundations of mathematics
very differently. 2
Univalent Foundations: New Foundations of Mathematics
According to Voevodsky, the work of a mathematician is 5% creative insight and 95%
self-verification. Moreover, the more original the insight, the more one has to pay for it
later in self-verification work. The Univalent Foundations project … aims to lower the
price by giving mathematicians the ability to verify their constructions with the help of
computers. 3
Vladimir
Voevodsky
1 https://www.ias.edu/scholars/voevodsky 2 http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/voevodskye28099s-mathematical-revolution/
3 https://www.ias.edu/news/press-releases/2014/voevodskyfoundationslecture

(a Revolution in Mathematics)
Enable Symbiosis of
Human Reasoning & Computer Verification
The Next Step After Human Reasoning: Human Creativity!
“The Creative Principle Resides in Mathematics”
Albert Einstein
1933 Herbert Spencer Lecture, Oxford University 2
1 https://www.ias.edu/ideas/2014/voevodsky-origins
2 http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/einstein-philscience/
2
1

Math Revolution Enables Correctness & Creativity
Proof Assistant
Properties Connections
(for the next 1,000 years)
Enable
Math Objects
(sub-set of ideas)
for
Mathematicians
for
Humankind
Symbiotic Genius
.LT. 100K ~1 Billion Working Adults
Exploration of
Creativity
Checking of
Correctness
Potential
Economics Nobel
Laureate(s)
V. Voevodsky
2002 Fields Medalist
Math of
Ideas

Relationships Between Correctness and Creativity
Similarities Correctness Creativity
Symbiotic
Approach
Human + Machine
Conceptual
Platform
Univalent
Foundations
Perhaps UV?
Difference Correctness Creativity
Focus Properties
Connections
(per Grothendieck)

Voevodsky: “Very Premature” to Explore Creativity
His Statement Opens The Opportunity to Lead the World
Fields Medalist Voevodsky’s belief that
it’s “very premature” to use univalent foundations
to explore creativity
opens the opportunity for Singapore to
lead the world
in using mathematics to drive creativity.

Do Ideas (e.g. math objects) have Dimensions & Structure?
(What If?) Ideas Have Dimensions & Structure
Ideas
Are
Intangibles
(Present)
Physical Reality
Ideas Become Tangible
Humans Use Virtual Hands to
Creatively Explore & Make
Tangible Ideas
(Future)
Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality
Handbook of Genius, 2014

Visual Representation of Mathematics
Expands Understanding & Insights to Drive Creativity
Alma Steingart
Junior Fellow
Harvard Society of Fellows
CV
Visualization in the Age of Computerization. eds Webmoor, et al

In Virtual Reality,
Ideas Can Be Made Tangible as Idea Blocks
For Visual, Spatial and Kinesthetic Exploration
Spatial
Visual
Kinesthetic
Virtual Reality Humans
Manipulate Idea Blocks
(comparable to Lego blocks)
To
Explore, Combine & Create
Apply
MindCraft’s
Building Block Approach
Upon Ideas
For
Greater Creativity

SG 1000
A Meta-Idea for the 21st Century
SG
1000
Symbiotic Genius
Human Imagination

Prior Meta-Ideas That Improved the World
USA
19th & 20th Centuries:
Modern Research Uni
Peer-Review & Grants
UK
17th Century Meta-Idea:
Patents & Copyrights
http://www.econtalk.org/archives/2007/08/romer_on_growth.html

Countries that Produce Meta-Ideas Can Lead the World
Perhaps the most important ideas of all are meta-ideas. These are
ideas about how to support the production and transmission of
other ideas.
The challenge now facing … industrialized countries is to invent
new institutions that encourage a higher level of applied,
commercially relevant research and development in the private
sector
http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/EconomicGrowth.html
Paul
Romer
Chief Economist
World Bank
… the country that takes the lead in the twenty-first
century will be the one that implements an
innovation that more effectively supports the
production of new ideas in the private sector.
Second, new meta-ideas of this kind will be found

Singapore, as the 21st Century’s Symbiotic Genius Hub,
Can Become The World’s ImagiNation* (WIN)
21st Century Meta-Idea
Symbiotic Genius 1000/Hub
World’s ImagiNation
* Successor to “Smart Nation”

2 Axes of Existing & Emergent Creativity Research
People
Process
Computational
Creativity Machine
HumanCreative
Machines
Solo Group

The Wiley Handbook of Genius
680 pages
May 2014, Wiley-Blackwell
Omits
Mathematics
as a
Source & Medium
of Creativity
http://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118367405.html
Traditional Creativity Research
Focuses upon People & Process

EU’s €43 million Computational Creativity Initiative
Focuses Upon Creative Machines
http://www.prosecco-network.eu/engagement/launch-new-book-computational-creativity
Omits
Mathematics
as a
Source and Medium
of Creativity
“Creative Machines”
An Attempt to Emulate AI
for
Artificial Creativity
Feb 2015 release

US$25M 5-Year
(2016-2020)
“Symbiotic Genius” Creativity
Research Program Proposal
Symbiotic Genius
Human Imagination
SG
1000

SG 1000: Creates a Brand-New Creativity Research Field
People
Process
Computational
Creativity Machine
HumanCreative
Machines
Solo Group
Symbiotic Genius
Human Imagination
with
Machine Intelligence

A Proposed US$25M 5-Year Creativity Research Program
To Discover & Explore the “Mathematics of Ideas”
1. the symbiosis of creativity, including vision, language,
mathematics (perhaps UV?), and motor skills
2. circuits for creativity, which will span research in
neurobiology and electrical engineering
3. the development of creativity in children and adults
4. Solo and group creativity
“Symbiotic Genius” (SG) 1000
Creativity and Innovation Research Program
Symbiotic Genius
Human Imagination

US$25 Million Symbiotic Genius Research Program
Complements US CBMM’s Intelligence
US$25M
Center
for
Brains, Minds &
Machines
Creativity
(Symbiotic Genius)
IntelligenceComplement
Proposed
US$25 Million
Brain, Mind, & Math
Center
for
“Symbiotic Genius”
Creativity

Can Drive a
General Purpose Technology
(GPT)
Platform

SG 1000 can be the Next General Purpose Technology
(akin to electrification and ICT)
Pervasive:
used as inputs for many downstream
sectors
Generalized
Productivity
Gains
Inherent potential for
technical improvements
Innovational complementarities:
GPT innovation drives R&D
productivity in downstream sectors
General Purpose Technologies “Engines of Growth” http://www.nber.org/papers/w4148

Symbiotic Genius can Increase Human Productivity
HUMANS
MONEY
MACHINES
Fill
This
Gap
US Data

Can Result
in the
Nobel Memorial Prize
for Economic Sciences

Applying Mathematics to Economics: Nobel Prize
Adam Smith
1776 Publication
Paul Samuelson
1947 Publication
1970 Nobel Laureate
171 Years
Economics
Mathematics of
Economics
mathematics
… essential
to an understanding of …
economics

Technology Progress Identified as Primary Growth Driver
Nobel Prize for Economic Sciences
Robert Solow
1987 Nobel Laureate
Solow calculated that about four-fifths of the growth
in US output per worker was attributable to
technical progress.

(Worthy of a Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences?)
Mathematics of Economics
Technical Progress
(Solow Residual)
Paul Samuelson
1970 Nobelist
Robert Solow
1987 Nobelist
Ideas drive
TBD
Future Laureate(s)Idea Production Function
“I think you just blew my mind”
Professor Vollrath

Symbiotic Genius
of
Human Imagination w/Machine Intelligence
The Future of Humanity
Mark Lee, MIT SM ‘99
mlee@alum.mit.edu
July 2016

Much Research
Focuses Upon Intelligence

Ideas Emerge from Creativity
Creativity is NOT THE SAME as Intelligence
http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/6760.html
Intelligence
50% -85% Inheritable
Creativity
25% - 40% Inheritable
The world is not limited by IQ.
We are all limited by bravery and creativity
Astro Teller, Head of Google X
≠

Creativity Surpasses Intelligence
… Albert Einstein was a good friend, too. But none of them had a mind as quick
and acute as Jansci [John] von Neumann. I have often remarked this in the
presence of those men and no one ever disputed me.
... But Einstein's understanding was deeper even than von Neumann's. His mind
was both more penetrating and more original than von Neumann's. .... Einstein
took an extraordinary pleasure in invention. Two of his greatest inventions are
the Special and General Theories of Relativity; and for all of Jansci's brilliance,
he never produced anything as original.
More Creative Than
Smarter than
von Neumann
Source

Imagination is More Important than Knowledge
Einstein
Every great advance in science has issued from a new audacity of imagination.
John Dewey
It's kind of fun to do the impossible.
Walt Disney
Imagination is more important
than knowledge
Logic will get you from A to B.
Imagination will take you everywhere

The Center for Brains, Minds and Machines (CBMM)
is a multi-institutional collaboration,
headquartered at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
with managing partners at
Harvard University and Cornell University.
http://cbmm.mit.edu/
MIT & Harvard Host
a US$25M NSF-Funded Study of Intelligence

The deepest concepts in mathematics
are those which link one world of ideas with another
Mathematics as Metaphor: Yuri Manin
Manin sees the important advances in mathematics
coming from programs,
not from problems.
Problems are usually solved by applying old ideas in new ways.
Programs of research are
the nurseries where new ideas are born.
People who solve famous unsolved problems
may win big prizes, but
people who start new programs
are the real pioneers.
Birds and Frogs: Freeman Dyson. Notices of the AMS, Vol. 56, Number 2
Deepest Concepts Link Worlds of Ideas
Wisdom
lives in
connections

Receiving Princeton Mathematician JH Conway’s Advice
Picture was taken at Princeton University
“Genius at Play”
A book about John Conway

OZYMANDIAS
SG
1000
Ideas Can Live Longest
(surpassing infrastructure & institution in longevity)
X
√
!Lee Kuan Yew’s
Name
Can Be Discerned
(w/imagination)
Within This Graphic
Infrastructure
Idea
Institution

White House RFI on Artificial Intelligence
https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2016/06/27/how-prepare-future-artificial-intelligence
Place Holder

SG 1000 - The World's ImagiNation

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