End-Use Energy Efficiency: National Plan for Regional Energy Challenge 26 – 27 July, 2010

1. End Use Energy Efficiency
National Plans for Regional Energy Challenges
Tunis 26-27 July 2010
Amel BIDA
Regional Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency

2. Content
- Energy situation of RCREEE MS
- Analytical comparison
Energy Efficiency targets
Energy Efficiency legislation
Energy Efficiency agencies
Instruments of intervention
Financial incentives
label system
Energy Efficiency obligations
Dissemination of information
- RCREEE MS overview

3. Who are the member states of RCREEE ?
RCREEE has ten founding members from the MENA region.
The set up is sponsored by Egypt , Germany, Denmark and the EU

4. RCREEE MS Energy situation
Energy intensity kgoe/$ GDP at PPP in 2005 prices
3 groups: Jordan, Syria, Libya  0.30<EI<0.35
others  0.10<EI<0.15
Morocco EI < 0.05
The general trend is going up, some MS start going down

5. RCREEE MS Energy situation
Energy intensities from other regions (kgoe/$US at market prices in 2005$
EI (Europe and N.America) decreases since 30 years ago
2007  RCREEE MS : EI = 3times Europe, 2 times North America

6. RCREEE MS Energy Situation
Energy use (toe) per capita per year from1980-2007
Cons/ cap 2007  0.5 Toe < RCREEE MS < 1.5 Toe (except Libya)
Europe=4Toe, USA= 7Toe
1 Lby : 7 times 1Yem, 6 times 1 Mor, 4 times 1Egy, 3 times 1Syr/1Tun

7. RCREEE MS Energy Situation
Energy use (toe) per capita in comparator groups
Energy/capita in 2007 1RCREEE MS < 2times 1in the world
1RCREEE MS < 4times Europe
1 RCREEE MS < 7times N.America

8. RCREEE MS Energy Situation
65 % Petroleum product 13% Natural gas
17% Electricity 5% other
Consumption by Energy form in RCREEE MS - 2007
120%
100% 0% 0%
1% 17% 0%
22% 22%
80% 37%
16%
Autres
NG
60% 61% 79%
76% 92% petrolium prod
66%
57% 55% Electricity
52%
40% 51%
20%
29%
17% 17% 19% 19% 18% 19%
10% 7%
0%
Morocco Algeria Tunisia Lybia Egypt Syria Lebanon Jordan Yemen

9. RCREEE MS Energy Situation
Egypt : 45 % Egy : 54% B + 35% I
Algeria : 12% Alg : 63% B + 35% I
Syria :10% Syr : 61% B + 39% I
Electricity consumption in RCREEE MS 2007 Electrical consumption by sector
2% 10000
4% 9% Toe
4% 9000 Non
specified
Morocco 8000
10% 12%
Algeria 7000 Agriculture
Tunisia 6000
4910
5% Lybia
5000 Building
Egypt
4000
Syria
3000 Transport
9%
Lebanon sector
2000
1524 1322
Jordan
1000 1048 818 491 Industry
Yemen 541 423 sector
0 274
45%

10. RCREEE MS Energy Situation
An average: 56% of electricity are consumed by the building sector
34% of electricity are consumed by the industrial sector
== 90% (Building and industry)
Electrical consumption by sector
120%
100%
80%
63% 61% 47% Non specified
46%
54% Agriculture
60% 59% 55%
56% Building
40% 78% Transport sector
Industry sector
41% 46%
20% 35% 35% 39%
26% 26% 23%
0% 0%

11. RCREEE MS Energy Situation
One Libyan consumes 6 times the quantity of electricity than one Moroccan
One Moroccan pays 5 times the price of electricity consumed
Electricity consumption per capita 2007 Electricity prices (Euro cent)
Toe
Libya 1.95
Morocco 0.05
Egypt 2.6
Algeria 0.07
Syria 3.08
Tunisia 0.10
Algeria 4.055
Syria 0.11
Lebanon 5.2
Egypt 0.11
Jordan 6.85
Jordan 0.15
0.19 Tunisia 7
Lebanon
0.31 Morocco 10.64
Lybia
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

12. RCREEE MS Energy Situation
Electricty intensity in RCREEE countries (kWh/$1990)
1.8
1.6 Algeria
1.4 Egypt
1.2 Jordan
Lebanon
1
kWh/$
Libya
0.8
Morocco
0.6
Palestine
0.4 Syria
0.2 Tunisia
0 Yemen
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
3 groups: 1st (Lebanon, Egypt, Syria, Jordan) high level 1.2<EI<1.4
2d (Yemen, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco) med level 0.4<EI<0.6
Palestine low level EI < 0.2
EI 1st group = 3-4 times (EI 2nd group)
= 6-7 times (EI Palestine)

13. RCREEE MS Energy Situation
Electricty intensity in RCREEE and other regions (kWh/$1990)
0.8
0.7
0.6 North America
kWh/$
Europe
0.5
RECREEE
0.4 Africa
World Total
0.3
0.2
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
RCREEE MS : Rapid increase of EI
= 2times EI in Europe, 1.5 time in NA countries
N.A and Europe : Decrease of EI since 20 years ago

14. EE Target
North Africa Countries Middle East Countries
Algeria : 1% (2007-2011) Jordan : 20% (2020)
Morocco : 12% (2020) Yemen : 15% (2025) in Power
15% (2030) sector
Tunisia : 20% (2011) Lebanon : No quantitative target
Egypt : 8.3% (2022) Palestine : No explicit target
Libya : No target for EE Syria : No numerical target
Different targets (1%, 8%, 12%, 15%, 20%)
Different terms (2011, 2020,2022, 2025,2030)
4/10 of the RCREEE MS don’t have numerical target

15. Energy efficiency agencies
North Africa Countries Middle East Countries
Algeria : APRUE created 1985 is responsible to Lebanon : LC E C was created in 1994 as a legal
promote and implement the EE. national Energy Agency in dealing with EE/RE.
Tunisia : An agency for both of EE and RE Palestine : the Palestinian Energy and
Environment Research Centre (PEC), founded
was created in 1986 under the Ministry of
in 1994 is responsible of EE
Industry.
Morocco : CDER is now (2010) in the process Jordan: the NERC was established in 1989
of reorganization as the Agency for the Devpt to promote EE
of RE and EE(ADEREE).
Egypt : There is no dedicated agency for Syria : the NERC was created in mid 2003;
energy efficiency. it has many duties under the EE law.
Libya : There is no energy efficiency Yemen : A Dept within the Ministry of Elec
agency and Energy has in charge the EE
Some institutions were created in 80’s while other were created in 90’s and
even later (2003, 2010)

16. Energy efficiency legislation
Objective: justify the EE activities, create the structure, identify the instruments
North Africa Countries Middle East countries
Algeria : legal framework is consistent and Syria : The Law issued in Feb 2009 requires that
comprehensive; it covers all aspects of regulating, specified entities must have an EE unit
Tunisia :There is a substantial body of law Jordan : A new law on R E and EE entered into
governing EE, including all EE measures force in February 2010.
86, 90, 04, 09
Morocco : A law on energy efficiency is in Lebanon, Palestine and Yemen : at
preparation (2010) present there is no Energy Efficiency law.
Libya and Egypt : There is no energy efficiency
law.
50% of the RCREEE countries don ’t have yet energy efficiency law
ME countries : legal framework  10 years after the institutional framework

17. Instruments d’intervention
Financial incentives
• TUN : A system of financial incentives for studies and investment in EE is
available FNME since 2005.
• ALG : The National Fund for Energy Management (FNME) was established in the Finance in
2000 . The resources are collected through very modest energetic tax.
• MOR : A $1 billion fund, know as the Fonds de développement énergétique (FDE), has been
established to support the EE (soft loan with very low interest). Modalities not yet defined.
• JOR The Law for the Promotion of RE establishes a fund to be known as the (JREEEF),
however its financial means are limited.
• LEB : LCEC is working with the Central Bank of Lebanon (CBL) to develop an EE Fund of around
$10 million per year. Not yet established
• SYR : NERC has some restricted power to make funds available to industry for EE and to
recover their money through the energy savings . The mechanism concerns only the public Ind
• EGY, LIB, PAL, and YEM : There is no financial incentives nor specific fund
for energy efficiency

18. Instruments d’intervention
Standards and / or labels
3 stages : 1. define Standards and criteria of label,
2. provide testing facilities
3. ensuring compliance
• TUN : A labelling system for refrigerators is in place and functioning well. For
other appliances L&S are being developed. Similar prog are planned in buildings.
• ALG : Legislation defines in 2008 the general requirements for the performance of energy
using appliances, but no perceptible progress in building sector.
• EGY : Standards and labels for refrigerators, washing machines, air-conditioners and water
heaters have been developed. No law exist and compliance is voluntary.
• LEB : LCEC has proposed label prototypes for refrigerators, air conditioners and CFLs;
Standards were implemented in 2007 but they are voluntary at present.
• PAL : Standards and labels have been proposed to the Legislative Council, No action has
been taken. Guidelines of EE in building are published , but without mandatory character.
• SYR : A law of 2008 requires domestic appliances to be labelled . The thermal insulation
code was prepared by NERC and issued in November 2007. It is not mandatory.
• MOR, LIB and YEM : There are no performance standards or labels for electrical appliances

19. Instruments d’intervention
Energy efficiency obligations
• TUN : Mandatory audits are required for consumers above 800 toe / year for industry
and 500 toe / year for other sectors. Audits must be performed every five years.
• ALG : Mandatory audits are required by law, but the obligation
is not enforced and few industries comply.
• EGY : The draft electricity law requires owners of transmission
and distribution licenses to carry out projects and set annual
plan of EE. This plan has to be approved by the regulator
• JOR : There is no mandatory requirement for audits or for
energy managers, it seems to be one in the electricity sector,
but the status is not clear
• LEB, PAL, SYR, LIB, MOR, and YEM There is no mandatory requirement for
audits , energy managers or such obligation is envisaged at present

20. Instruments d’intervention
Dissemination of information
• ALG : APRUE for all interventions, has prepared and disseminated targeted materials to all
relevant groups.
• LEB : LCEC has developed public awareness promotions using donated space in national
newspapers and on television.
• TUN : ANME has prepared and disseminated carefully targeted materials to all relevant
groups including final users, equipment suppliers and intermediaries.
• SYR : The distribution companies have since 2004 disseminated public information on EE
• EGY : Sporadic efforts have been made, but have not been sustained
• JOR : The activity was identified as a priority under the 2007 National Energy Strategy. Some
information point in the institutions are available to provide advises on EE
• PAL : The PEC developed a range of materials and conducted popular campaigns for EE with
UNDP, the activity has diminished when the UNDP project was completed
• LIB, MOR and YEM : No sustained campaign, no information disseminated to
inform users how to reduce consumption.

21. RCREEE MS overview
Alg Egy Jor Leb Lby Mor Pal Syr Yem Tun
8,3% 20% 12% 15% 20%
Tar (20)
2022 2020 2025 2011
g
Inst APRUE NERC LCEC 15%
ADEREE
(30)
PEC NERC ANME
1985 1994 1994 2010 1994 2003 1986
Leg Feb ? Feb 86, 90
1985 2010 2010 2009 04, 09
S&L x x x x X
Fin FNME JREEEF x 1Bill $ FNME
2000 2010 2005
Obl X X X
Awa x x x x x x x x

22. Algeria
Total hydrocarbon exports represented nearly 98 % of total exports in the year 2007.
the gas and oil sector accounted for 46 % of the Algerian GDP.
The primary energy will increase from 40 Mtoe to 70 Mtoe in 2030
Primary Energy Demand in Algeria in business as
Consumption by Energy form 2007 usual scenario, 1990-2030
11% 1% Algeria
Coal and Peat
Petroleum
Products
51%
Gas
37%
Electricity
Targ Leg Fr Inst Fr S&L Fin Inc Oblig Awar
ALG x x x x x x

23. Egypt
Demand would reach 136 million TOE by year 2022
The average growth rate is about 7% annually
production declined at an average of 3% per year over the period 1995-2005
consumption by Energy form 2007 Egypt's Future Energy Needs (Conservative Scenario)
1%
19% Coal and Peat
Petroleum Products
3%
Gas
55% Combustible
Renewables and Waste
22%
Electricity
Targ Leg Fr Ins Fr S&L Fin Inc Oblig Awar
EGY x x x x

24. Jordan
Jordan has to import 96 %t of its energy and spends 22% of GDP for energy imports
the expected annual growth of electricity demand is 7.2%, reaching 32,241 GWh in 2020
Consumption by Energy form 2007 Scenario electricity consumption
0%
19% Jordan
Coal and Peat
2% Petroleum Products
0%
Gas
Geothermal, Solar, etc.
Electricity
79%
Targ Leg Fr Ins FR S&L Fin Inc Oblig Awar
JOR x x x x x

25. Lebanon
Lebanon has an energy import dependency of 98 %
In 2006, the total domestic power supply accumulated is 10,216 GWh
In 2015, the electricity consumption is estimated to reach 14,087 GWh
Consumption by Energy form 2007 Primary and final energy Intensity
5%
Lebanon
29%
Coal and Peat
Petroleum Products
4% Gas
0%
1% 61%
Geothermal, Solar,
etc.
Targ Leg Fr Inst Fr S&L Fin Inc Oblig Awar
LEB x x x

26. Libya
Primary energy demand will increase at an average annual rate of 3.6%
between 2003 and 2030,
the peak load was 2500 MW in 2000 and 4000MW in 2005.
It grows at an average annual rate of 8-10% to reach 8000 MW by 2015
Total Primary Energy Demand
Consumption by Energy form
Coal and Peat
0%
19%
Petroleum
Products
2%
Gas
57% Combustible
22% Renewables
and Waste
Electricity
Targ Leg Fr Ins Fr S&L Fin Inc Oblig Awar
LIB

27. Morocco
In 2008 Morocco imported about 98% of its primary energy supply to satisfy a total
energy consumption of 14.7Toe
The installed generation capacity in 2007 totaled 5300 MW
The growth annual rate of electricity consumption is about 6%.
Consumption by Energy form 2007 Electricity Production Electricity consumption
2% Morocco
17%
Coal and Peat
4%
1%
Petroleum
Products
Gas
76%
2007
Targ Leg Fr Ins Fr S&L Fin Inc Oblig Awar
MOR x x x x x

28. Syria
Syria’s primary energy demand is expected to double in the coming decade, reaching
45.2 Mtoe in 2020 up from 22.5 Mtoe in 2007.
Syria plans to add 3,500 MW of capacity by 2010, which would be equivalent to
nearly 50% of the total installed capacity in 2005.
consumption by Energy form
17% Syria
Petroleum Products
17% Gas
Electricity
66%
Targ Leg Fr Ins Fr S&L Fin Inc Oblig Awar
SYR x x x x

29. Yemen
Electricity demand increases at an annual rate of 7%.
The World Bank designed a master plan for energy which envisages the installation of
2,500-3,000 MW total power generation capacity by 2025.
The Yemeni government has approved a strategy to improve energy efficiency by
15% until 2025 towards a baseline development.
Primary and Final Energy Intensity
Consumption by Energy form
7%
1%
Yemen
Petroleum Products
Combustible
Renewables and Waste
Electricity
92%
Targ Leg Fr Ins Fr S&L Fin Inc Oblig Awar
YEM x

30. Tunisia
The Tunisian government estimates the country’s energy saving potential at a
cummulated 80 Mtoe until 2030.
At present, Tunisian energy intensity is at a level of 0.33 toe/$ 1000 compared to 0.84
toe/$1000 in Africa and a global average of 0.29 toe/$ 1000.
On average, energy intensity was reduced by 2% per year until 2007
Trend of Tunisian Primary Energy Demand
Consumption by Energy form 2007
17%
Tunisia
Petroleum
Products
15%
Gas
Renewables and
Waste
Electricity
52%
16%
Targ Leg Fr Ins Fr S&L Fin Inc Oblig Awar
TUN x x x x x x x

31. Conclusion
A major role of RCREEE should be in facilitating the
sharing of experience within the region and the
upgrading of performance to match that of the best
performing countries:
- Benchmarking
- Facilitating access to international experience
- Strengthening compliance with regulation
RCREEE will enhance his Member States in setting their NEEAP within
the Arabian EE directives

32. Thank you for your attention.
amel.bida@gtz.de
amelbida@yahoo.fr
Regional Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
Tel. +2 02 241 54 691
Fax +2 02 241 54 661
www.rcreee.org