fire detection system in a building services

1. HEAT DETECTORS
HEAT DETECTORS SUBMITTED TO:
AR.SAIMA RAZA
AR.TVARA SHARMA
NAME- AFZAL SAIFI
B.ARCH- SEM 6
AITSAP- 2023-24
SHEET NO.
05
 A heat detector is a device that senses changes in temperature, triggering an alarm
or alert if a certain threshold is exceeded.
 Heat detectors are very reliable and have the lowest false alarm rate of all
automatic fire detectors.
 They are best suited for fire detection in small confined spaces where rapidly
building high-heat-output fires are expected, in areas where ambient conditions
would not allow the use of other fire detection devices, or where very early warning
of fire is not required.
TYPES OF HEAT DETECTORS
 RATE OF RISE THERMAL
DETECTORS
 FIXED TEMPERATURE THERMAL
DETECTOR
INSTALLATION
To install a heat detector:
1. Choose an appropriate location, away
from vents and direct sunlight.
2. 2. Follow the manufacturer's
guidelines for mounting height.
3. 3. Connect the detector to power,
following wiring instructions
4. .4. Ensure a secure connection to the
fire alarm control panel.
5. 5. Test the detector after installation
to confirm functionality.

2. FIRE CLASSIFICATION
CLASSES CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C CLASS D CLASS K
SYMBOLS
FUEL Ordinary Combustible
Materials
Flammable Liquids
Live Electrical
Equipment
Combustible Metals
Commercial Cooking
Equipment
EXAMPLES
Class A fires involve
cloth, wood, paper,
rubber, and many
plastics.
Class B fires involve
alcohol, ether, oil,
gasoline and grease.
Class C fires involve
Wall outlets, power
cords, small and large
appliances, wiring.
Class D fire involves
aluminium, titanium,
magnesium, lithium,
zirconium, sodium,
and potassium.
Class K fires involve
vegetable oils, animal
oils, or fats in cooking
appliances.
EXTINGUISHERS
Water, Foam, ABC Dry
powder, Wet chemical
Foam, CO2 Gas, ABC
Dry powder
CO2 Gas, ABC Dry
powder
Ternary eutectic
chloride (TEC) based
dry powder
Wet Chemical Fire
Extinguishers
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE SUBMITTED TO:
AR.SAIMA RAZA
AR.TVARA SHARMA
NAME- AFZAL SAIFI
B.ARCH- SEM 6
AITSAP- 2023-24
SHEET NO.
03

3. FIRE TRIANGLE
 The combustion triangle or fire triangle is the three
components required for igniting and sustaining a fire.
Oxygen, fuel, and heat are the three ingredients of a fire
triangle.
 If even one of the components is removed, the fire triangle
collapses and the fire is extinguished.
Heat
A heat source is necessary for ignition to occur and different materials
have different ‘flash points’ or the lowest temperatures at which they can
ignite.
Fuel
Fire cannot start if there isn’t any material available to burn. Businesses
and homes alike are full of flammable materials including fabrics, wood,
oil, and paper. Any of these materials can serve as fuel for a fire.
Oxygen
Oxygen is needed to sustain the combustion reaction since it reacts with
the burning fuel to release carbon dioxide and heat. The atmosphere of
the earth consists of 21 per cent oxygen, which means that there’s
enough to trigger a fire as long as the other two components are
present.
FIRE TRIANGLE SUBMITTED TO:
AR.SAIMA RAZA
AR.TVARA SHARMA
NAME- SAFZAL SAIFI
B.ARCH- SEM 6
AITSAP- 2023-24
SHEET NO.
02
CHEMICAL REACTION
INVOLVED

4. INTRODUCTION TO FIRE SUBMITTED TO:
AR.SAIMA RAZA
AR.TVARA SHARMA
NAME- AFZAL SAIFI
B.ARCH- SEM 6
AITSAP- 2023-24
SHEET NO.
01
 Fire is a process of combustion, Involving the rapid oxidation of
a material in the presence of heat and oxygen, usually
accompanied by the release of light and heat.
 It is commonly associated with flames and is used for various
purposes, such as heating, cooking, and energy production.
SPREAD OF FIRE-
• Fuel Availability
• Fire Triangle
• Wind and
Airflow
• Ignition Source
• Radiant Heat
CAUSES OF FIRE:-
1. Electrical issue:
• Faulty wiring or electrical appliances.
• Overloaded circuits.
2.Flammable Liquids:
• Improper storage of gasoline, paint, or other
flammable liquids. Spills near heat sources.
3.Faulty Equipment:
• Manufacturing defects in appliances or machinery
WHAT IS FIRE ?
STEPS FOR RESISTANCE -
• Compliance with Building
Codes
• Fire-Resistant Materials
• Structural Fire Resistance
• Regular Maintenance and
Inspections
• Education and Training
Ø COMBUSTABLE AND FLAMMABLE
MATERIAL: 1.Flammable Materials:
• Substances that can easily catch fire and
ignite at or below certain temperatures.
• Example: Gasoline, alcohol, propane, and
paper.
2.Combustible Materials:
• Substances that have the potential to catch
fire and burn but generally require higher
temperature than flammable materials.
• Example: Certain types of wood, coal, and
some plastics
SERVICES
• Fire resistance is crucial in various settings
including buildings, industrial facilities,
and transportation. Fire alarms and fire
extinguishing equipment:
• Fire alarms are installed in buildings to
give an alarm and to call for assistance in
event of fire manual alarms and automatic
alarms.

5. SMOKE DETECTOR
 A smoke detector is an electronic fire-protection device that automatically
senses the presence of smoke, as a key indication of fire, and sounds a
warning to building occupants.
 Smoke detectors/Alarms are usually housed in plastic enclosures, typically
shaped like a disk about 150 millimeters (6 in) in diameter and 25
millimeters (1 in) thick.
SMOKE DETECTOR SUBMITTED TO:
AR.SAIMA RAZA
AR.TVARA SHARMA
NAME- AFZAL SAIFI
B.ARCH- SEM 6
AITSAP- 2023-24
SHEET NO.
04
TYPES OF SMOKE DETECTORS
There are three types of smoke alarms, ionization, photoelectric and a
combination of the two which is commonly called a “dual” detector.
PHOTOELECTRIC
SMOKE ALARM
IONIZATION SMOKE
ALARM
Smoke alarms should be
installed at least 10 feet (3
meters) from a cooking
appliance to minimize false
alarms when cooking. Mount
smoke alarms high on walls or
ceilings (remember, smoke
rises). Wall-mounted alarms
should be installed not more
than 12 inches away from the
ceiling (to the top of the
alarm).
INSTALLATION