This document is a presentation on server and hardware virtualization that was prepared by Aakash Agarwal from open source documents. The presentation covers components of VMware server virtualization like hypervisors, virtual machines, vMotion, and virtual switches. It also discusses VMware virtualized host interfaces like VMXNET, e1000, and vlance interfaces. Finally, it provides an overview of Cisco UCS components and architecture. The presentation is intended to share knowledge and does not contain any confidential information.

1. Aakash Agarwal
Email: Aakash32017@gmail.com
Overview on Server And Hardware Virtualization
Components

2. This PPT is Self-prepared from Open Source documents available on Internet or company's website. The PPT includes no NDA
information and is to share knowledge in the group. It is completely Monetary FREE session. The Images and Logo's used in this
PPT are only to reference the technology not for Advertisement or any kind of Promotion by any company. The Views shared in
this PPT are personal views are not referenced to any company where preparer/presenter of the PPT works or Worked. View
Shared in this PPT are Personal View NOT Cisco or VMWare views. - Please contact Aakash Agarwal for any suggestions – Aakash
Agarwal (Aakash32017@gmail.com)

3. Training Prerequisites
• Understanding the Basic Network Concepts
• Understanding & Experience with Layer 2 Switching
Targeted Audience
• Network Engineer working in Data Center who needs to
get an overview of other side of the river
• A student trying to understand Virtualization
• Anyone ;)

4. Agenda
• What is Virtualization
• Why Virtualization
• VMware Server Virtualization Components
• VMware Virtualized Host Interfaces
• VMware Virtualized Physical Interfaces
• VMware Virtualized Host Networking
Components
• Cisco UCS And Components

5. What/Why
Virtualization

6. What/Why Virtualization
• Virtualization is the creation of a virtual (rather than Physical)
version of something, such as an operating system, a server, a
storage device or network resources.
– Server virtualization
– Network virtualization
– Storage virtualization

7. What/Why Virtualization
• What is Virtualization – Virtualization is a layer that decouples physical hardware
from Operating System to deliver high flexibility.
• What are Virtual Machines - It is a representation of a Physical machine by
Software. it has it’s own set if Virtual hardware (e.g. Ram, CPU, NIC and whatever you
can name) up on which OS and applications are loaded.

8. What/Why Virtualization
• Why Virtualization –

9. VMware Server
Virtualization
Components

10. VMware Server Virtualization
Components
• Server virtualization Component s:
– Hypervisor - Virtual machine manager, is a program that allows
multiple operating systems to share a single hardware host.
– Virtual Machine (VM) - A virtual machine (VM) is a software
implementation of a computing environment in which an operating
system (OS) or program can be installed and run. Or in Simple words
Virtual instance of Physical Computer Machine.

11. VMware Server Virtualization
Components

12. VMware Server Virtualization
Components

13. VMware Server Virtualization
Components

14. VMware Server Virtualization
Components

15. VMware Server Virtualization
Components

16. VMware Server Virtualization
Components

17. VMware Server Virtualization
Components
1 vMotion Moves VMs Across Physical Ports -
from one Physical Hardware to another

18. VMware Server Virtualization
Components
2 VM moved to different hardware with no
downtime

19. VMware Server Virtualization
Components

20. VMware Server Virtualization
Components

21. VMware Server Virtualization
Components

22. VMware Server Virtualization
Components

23. VMware Server Virtualization
Components

24. VMware Virtualized
Host Interfaces

25. VMware Virtualized Host Interfaces

26. VMware Virtualized Host Interfaces
• Virtual Interfaces: To start with basics on the interfaces, VMware uses
5 types of Virtual Ethernet Adapters you may come across in a VM. However in most
cases only 3 are used:
• Vmxnet Interface– The VMXNET virtual network adapter has no physical
counterpart. VMXNET is optimized for performance in a virtual machine. Because
operating system vendors do not provide built-in drivers for this card, you must
install VMware Tools to have a driver for the VMXNET network adapter available.

27. VMware Virtualized Host Interfaces
Using TSO and LRO on physical and virtual machine NICs improves the
performance of ESX/ESXi hosts by reducing the CPU overhead for TCP/IP network
operations. The host can use more CPU cycles to run applications.
• TSO (TCP Segmentation Offload) - If TSO is enabled on the transmission path, the NIC
divides larger data chunks into TCP segments. If TSO is disabled, the CPU performs segmentation for
TCP/IP. TSO is referred to as LSO (Large Segment Offload or Large Send Offload) in the latest VMXNET3
driver attributes. By default, a host is configured to use hardware TSO if its NICs support it.

28. VMware Virtualized Host Interfaces
• LRO (Large Receive Offload) - LRO reassembles incoming network packets into larger
buffers and transfers the resulting larger but fewer packets to the network stack of the host or virtual
machine. The CPU has to process fewer packets than when LRO is disabled, which reduces its
utilization for networking. LRO is enabled by default on VMXNET2 (Enhanced) and VMXNET3 devices.
Reference Documents –
Poor TCP performance might occur in Linux virtual machines with LRO enabled (1027511)
Understanding TSO and LRO in a VMware environment

29. VMware Virtualized Host Interfaces
• Jumbo Frames:

30. VMware Virtualized Host Interfaces

31. VMware Virtualized Host Interfaces
• vlance Interface – An emulated version of the AMD 79C970 PCnet32 LANCE NIC,
an older 10 Mbps NIC with drivers available in most 32-bit guest operating systems
except Windows Vista and later. A virtual machine configured with this network
adapter can use its network immediately.
• e1000 Interface - A virtual device that provides strict emulation of the Intel
E1000 Ethernet adapter. This is the virtual Ethernet adapter used in 64-bit virtual
machines. It is also available in 32 -bit virtual machines.

32. VMware Virtualized Host Interfaces
• vswif Interface – A paravirtualized device similar to vmxnet that is used only by
the ESX Server service console.
• vmknic - The virtual kernel NIC (vmknic) is used by the hypervisor for management,
the vmknic is used by the TCP/IP stack that services VMotion, NFS and software iSCSI
clients.

33. VMware Virtualized Host Interfaces
• All five of the virtual network devices share the following characteristics:
• They have their own MAC addresses and unicast/multicast/broadcast filters.
• They are strictly Layer 2Ethernet adapter devices.
• The speed and duplex settings found in physical networking are not relevant in the virtual
network, because all the data transfer takes place in the host system’s RAM, nearly
instantaneously and without the possibility of collisions or other signaling-related errors.

34. VMware Virtualized
Physical Interfaces

35. VMware Virtualized Physical
Interfaces

36. VMware Virtualized
Host Networking

37. VMware Virtualized Host Networking
• Virtual switches are the key networking components in VMware Infrastructure. A virtual switch is
“built to order” at run time from a collection of small functional units. Some of the key functional
units are:
• The core Layer forwarding engine. So no Layer 3 SVIs etc
• VLAN tagging, stripping, and filtering units
• Layer 2 checksum, and segmentation offload units
• This modular approach has become a basic principle to be followed in future development, as well.
Modular design is that VMware and third-party developers can easily incorporate modules to
enhance the system in the future.

38. VMware Virtualized Host Networking
• A Virtual Switch Is Similar to a Physical Switch: A virtual switch, as implemented in ESX
Server, works in much the same way as a modern Ethernet switch. Performs the following functions:
• MAC:port forwarding table
• Looks up each frame’s destination MAC when it arrives – Destination Lookup
• Forwards a frame to one or more ports for transmission
• Avoids unnecessary deliveries (in other words, it is not a hub) – Unicast
forwarding
• Access Port and Trunked Port same as Physical Switches
• STP NOT needed - VMware Infrastructure enforces a single-tier networking
topology. In other words, there is no way to interconnect multiple virtual
switches, thus the network cannot be configured to introduce loops. As a result,
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is not needed and is not present.

39. VMware Virtualized Host Networking

40. VMware Virtualized Host Networking
• Virtual Ports: The ports on a virtual switch provide logical connection points among virtual
devices and between virtual and physical devices. You can think of them as virtual RJ-45 connectors.
Each virtual switch can have up to 1,016 virtual ports, with a limit of 4,096 ports on all virtual
switches on a host.
• Uplink Ports: Uplink ports are ports associated with physical adapters, providing a connection
between a virtual network and a physical network.
• Port Groups: As important as they are in VMware Infrastructure virtual networking, port
groups do not correspond exactly to features commonly found in physical networks. The closest
counterpart is the SmartPort feature offered in some Cisco switches. You can think of port groups as
templates for creating virtual ports with particular sets of specifications. You can create a maximum
of 512 port groups on a single host.
Port groups are user-named objects that contain enough configuration information to provide
persistent and consistent network access for virtual Ethernet adapters:
• Virtual switch name
• VLAN IDs and policies for tagging and filtering
• Teaming policy
• Layer 2security options
• Traffic shaping parameters

41. VMware Virtualized Host Networking

42. VMware Virtualized Host Networking

43. Cisco UCS
&
It’s Components

44. UCS

45. UCS

46. UCS

47. UCS

48. UCS

49. UCS

50. UCS

51. UCS

52. UCS

53. This PPT is Self-prepared from Open Source documents available on Internet or company's website. The PPT includes no NDA
information and is to share knowledge in the group. It is completely Monetary FREE session. The Images and Logo's used in this PPT
are only to reference the technology not for Advertisement or any kind of Promotion by any company. The Views shared in this PPT
are personal views are not referenced to any company where preparer/presenter of the PPT works or Worked. View Shared in this PPT
are Personal View NOT Cisco or VMWare views. Please contact Aakash Agarwal for any suggestions – Aakash Agarwal
(Aakash32017@gmail.com)