The document describes self-powered micropumps that use surface-immobilized enzymes. Four enzymes - catalase, lipase, urease, and glucose oxidase - were studied. The pumping is driven by gradients in fluid density generated by the enzymatic reactions. Pumping velocity increases with higher substrate concentration and reaction rate. These pumps can be triggered by specific analytes and show potential for use in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems.
• Composed a memorandum on aeration and agitation rates on yeast cultures in a small scale bioreactor.
• Plotted graphs to see how oxygen concentration in system depleted in time with presence of the bacteria.
Siavosh Naji-Talakar
[email protected]
TITLE: Enzyme Kinetics
INTRODUCTION
Alkaline phosphatases are enzymes that are typically membrane-bound glycoproteins that catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of monoesters at basic pH levels2. This enzyme is found in most advanced level eukaryotes and prokaryotes. When the hydrolysis of the monophosphate ester takes place at the basic pH levels an inorganic phosphate is released2. The enzyme can remove phosphate groups from several different types of molecules such as alkaloids, proteins, or nucleotides. In humans’ alkaline phosphatases play critical roles in the growth and development of teeth and bones, however, it can be found it other parts of the body such as in the liver and kidneys3. The phosphatases are essential for mineralization in humans to allow calcium and phosphorus to be deposited in bones and teeth3. The enzyme was reacted with 4-nitrophenyl phosphate as the substrate1. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate does not resemble a protein and is a non-specific substrate commonly used to assay alkaline phosphatases4. When the alkaline phosphatase performs hydrolysis on 4-nitrophenyl phosphate a highly colored phosphate free product is given1,4. This reaction releases the phosphate group on 4-nitrophenyl phosphate to give the product 4-nitrophenolate which has a molar absorptivity at 405nm under basic conditions with an extinction co-efficient of 18.8x103 M-1cm-1 1,4.
To experiment the effects of inhibition on the enzyme the inhibitor phenylalanine at 75mM and Na2HPO4 at 15mM was also used. Inhibition of enzymes may be carried out via irreversible pathways that work through covalent bonds or through reversible pathways. Reversible pathways include a competitive inhibition where the inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme or through a noncompetitive pathway where the enzyme binds to a side other than the active site, which may subsequently change the shape or conformation of the active site6. When a phosphate group PO43- is removed by hydrolysis from an organic compound it is referred to as dephosphorylation. This is the reaction in which the phosphatases operate. The reaction is important in a physiological setting because it enables the activation or deactivation of enzymes by removal of phosphoric esters; a prime example is the conversation of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine diphosphate through phosphorylation7.
The Michaelis-Menten kinetics model is used in biochemistry as a model for enzyme kinetics. The model uses an equation to explain the rate of the enzymatic reactions that occur . It does this by relating the reaction rate, Velocity or Vmax, to the substrate concentration, [S]. Vmax describes the constant values for each enzyme-substrate complex with the theoretical maximum velocity of the enzyme to turn over products at maximum saturation of the substrate concentration6. The Km value, known as the Michaelis constant, is the dissociation constant of the enzyme-substrate complex and.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE & PRESSURE ON OXIDATIVE DESULFURIZATIONAM Publications
Several technologies has been developed to removal of sulfur compounds from liquid fuels is oxidative
desulfurization, hydro desulfurization, catalytic hydro desulfurization, bio desulfurization etc.. Although several studies have
reported enhancement effect of ultrasound irradiation on oxidative desulfurization, exact mechanism underlying this
enhancement is not known yet. In this study, we have addressed this issue with dual approach with how pressure and
temperature effect the desulfurization mechanism. Results of this study have given interesting revelation of interaction
between mechanism of ultrasound, cavitation and oxidation system. Isolation of cavitation phenomenon helps to increase the
extent of oxidation. This effect is attributed to formation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide during transient collapse of
cavitation bubbles due to thermal dissociation of hexane vapor entrapped in the bubble, which hamper action of O species
generated from oxidation system. Transient cavitation itself does not give rise to radical formation due to rather low
temperature peaks reached during collapse. Therefore, cavitation does not enhance the oxidation process, but in fact, has
adverse effect on it. Current study has established that beneficial effect of ultrasound on oxidative desulfurization system is
merely of physical nature (i.e. emulsification due to intense micro-mixing) with no involvement of sonochemical effect.
• Composed a memorandum on aeration and agitation rates on yeast cultures in a small scale bioreactor.
• Plotted graphs to see how oxygen concentration in system depleted in time with presence of the bacteria.
Siavosh Naji-Talakar
[email protected]
TITLE: Enzyme Kinetics
INTRODUCTION
Alkaline phosphatases are enzymes that are typically membrane-bound glycoproteins that catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of monoesters at basic pH levels2. This enzyme is found in most advanced level eukaryotes and prokaryotes. When the hydrolysis of the monophosphate ester takes place at the basic pH levels an inorganic phosphate is released2. The enzyme can remove phosphate groups from several different types of molecules such as alkaloids, proteins, or nucleotides. In humans’ alkaline phosphatases play critical roles in the growth and development of teeth and bones, however, it can be found it other parts of the body such as in the liver and kidneys3. The phosphatases are essential for mineralization in humans to allow calcium and phosphorus to be deposited in bones and teeth3. The enzyme was reacted with 4-nitrophenyl phosphate as the substrate1. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate does not resemble a protein and is a non-specific substrate commonly used to assay alkaline phosphatases4. When the alkaline phosphatase performs hydrolysis on 4-nitrophenyl phosphate a highly colored phosphate free product is given1,4. This reaction releases the phosphate group on 4-nitrophenyl phosphate to give the product 4-nitrophenolate which has a molar absorptivity at 405nm under basic conditions with an extinction co-efficient of 18.8x103 M-1cm-1 1,4.
To experiment the effects of inhibition on the enzyme the inhibitor phenylalanine at 75mM and Na2HPO4 at 15mM was also used. Inhibition of enzymes may be carried out via irreversible pathways that work through covalent bonds or through reversible pathways. Reversible pathways include a competitive inhibition where the inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme or through a noncompetitive pathway where the enzyme binds to a side other than the active site, which may subsequently change the shape or conformation of the active site6. When a phosphate group PO43- is removed by hydrolysis from an organic compound it is referred to as dephosphorylation. This is the reaction in which the phosphatases operate. The reaction is important in a physiological setting because it enables the activation or deactivation of enzymes by removal of phosphoric esters; a prime example is the conversation of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine diphosphate through phosphorylation7.
The Michaelis-Menten kinetics model is used in biochemistry as a model for enzyme kinetics. The model uses an equation to explain the rate of the enzymatic reactions that occur . It does this by relating the reaction rate, Velocity or Vmax, to the substrate concentration, [S]. Vmax describes the constant values for each enzyme-substrate complex with the theoretical maximum velocity of the enzyme to turn over products at maximum saturation of the substrate concentration6. The Km value, known as the Michaelis constant, is the dissociation constant of the enzyme-substrate complex and.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE & PRESSURE ON OXIDATIVE DESULFURIZATIONAM Publications
Several technologies has been developed to removal of sulfur compounds from liquid fuels is oxidative
desulfurization, hydro desulfurization, catalytic hydro desulfurization, bio desulfurization etc.. Although several studies have
reported enhancement effect of ultrasound irradiation on oxidative desulfurization, exact mechanism underlying this
enhancement is not known yet. In this study, we have addressed this issue with dual approach with how pressure and
temperature effect the desulfurization mechanism. Results of this study have given interesting revelation of interaction
between mechanism of ultrasound, cavitation and oxidation system. Isolation of cavitation phenomenon helps to increase the
extent of oxidation. This effect is attributed to formation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide during transient collapse of
cavitation bubbles due to thermal dissociation of hexane vapor entrapped in the bubble, which hamper action of O species
generated from oxidation system. Transient cavitation itself does not give rise to radical formation due to rather low
temperature peaks reached during collapse. Therefore, cavitation does not enhance the oxidation process, but in fact, has
adverse effect on it. Current study has established that beneficial effect of ultrasound on oxidative desulfurization system is
merely of physical nature (i.e. emulsification due to intense micro-mixing) with no involvement of sonochemical effect.
We present a micro fluidic device that allows rapid and defined delivery of discrete and homogeneous reagents or samples to allow kinetic studies of surface-tethered biomolecules. We developed an Electro Osmotic Flow (EOF) based device consisting of an asymmetric Y-junction with an incorporated fast, pressure driven valve, two embedded measurement electrodes and reservoirs. The EOF is used to circumvent kinetic limitations on reagent transport to the surface of these tethered biomolecules due to the slow diffusion across parabolic concentration gradients in conventional pressure-driven flow devices. Using Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) as the pH sensitive surface-immobilized biomolecules, we show that the reagent solution can be repeatedly exchanged within milliseconds, and that by using a synchronized triggering scheme we can monitor the reaction of our sensor biomolecules to the change of the environment on a time scale of 10ms.
The Airnergy principle – review and original dataAirnergy AG
The Airnergy principle is a patented method for producing singlet oxygen (1) with the excitation energy subsequently being released in the moist air (2). The principle involves activation of the oxygen and also energising of the water-saturated inhaled air. However,
this is not connected in any way with (familiar) oxygen therapies: Airnergy AG uses the oxygen contained in normal air (e.g. 4 l/min air flow) in its devices and not pure medical oxygen. It is important here that the (claimed) effects are not attributable to the air or the oxygen it contains.
http://en.airnergy.com/products/prices-order/index.html
Brief view: Reaction Control by Electron Spin Manipulation & other worksMasaharu Okazaki
Main works of Masaharu Okazaki are presented briefly. 1) Reaction of radical-pair intermediates produced in a nano-cage (mainly as the photo-reaction intermediates) can be controlled by manipulating the spin state. 2) Alcohol molecules flow collectively in the nanochannel of MCM-41. Evidences are given by the spin probe and radical-pair probe techniques.
'Basic mechanisms of membrane transport is the topic of general pharmacology.
Introduction- Membrane Transport
Plasma Membrane
Lipid solubility in membrane permeation
Transporters Versus Channels
Mechanisms of Transport
Passive Diffusion
Relationship between Molecular weight and Diffusion
Carrier mediated Transport
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Primary Active Transport
P type- Na+ K+-ATPase
Secondary Active transport- Symport, Antiport
Intestinal Transporters with e.g
Vesicular Transport-Exocytosis, Endocytosis-Phagocytosis,Pinocytosis
Pore (Convective) Transport
Ion Pair Formation
This presentation is about various types of cell transport mechanism which occurs at cellular level within the body. This is a basic presentation, intended for first year students of Medical and Health science courses .
Preparation and evaluation of electrospun nanofibers containing pectin and ti...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s):The aim of this study was to prepare electrospun nanofibers of celecoxib using combination of time-dependent polymers with pectin to achieve a colon-specific drug delivery system for celecoxib.
Materials and Methods:Formulations were produced based on two multilevel 22 full factorial designs. The independent variables were the ratio of drug:time-dependent polymer (X1) and the amount of pectin in formulations (X2). Electrospinning process was used for preparation of nanofibers. The spinning solutions were loaded in 5 mL syringes. The feeding rate was fixed by a syringe pump at 2.0 mL/h and a high voltage supply at range 10-18 kV was applied for electrospinning. Electrospun nanofibers were collected and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and drug release in the acid and buffer with pH 6.8 with and without pectinase.
Results:Electrospun nanofibers of celecoxib with appropriate morphological properties were produced via electrospinning process. Drug release from electrospun nanofibers was very low in the acidic media; while, drug release in the simulated colonic media was the highest from formulations containing pectin.
Conclusion: Formulation F2 (containing drug:ERS with the ratio of 1:2 and 10% pectin) exhibited acceptable morphological characteristics and protection of drug in the upper GI tract and could be a good candidate as a colonic drug delivery system for celecoxib.
We present a micro fluidic device that allows rapid and defined delivery of discrete and homogeneous reagents or samples to allow kinetic studies of surface-tethered biomolecules. We developed an Electro Osmotic Flow (EOF) based device consisting of an asymmetric Y-junction with an incorporated fast, pressure driven valve, two embedded measurement electrodes and reservoirs. The EOF is used to circumvent kinetic limitations on reagent transport to the surface of these tethered biomolecules due to the slow diffusion across parabolic concentration gradients in conventional pressure-driven flow devices. Using Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) as the pH sensitive surface-immobilized biomolecules, we show that the reagent solution can be repeatedly exchanged within milliseconds, and that by using a synchronized triggering scheme we can monitor the reaction of our sensor biomolecules to the change of the environment on a time scale of 10ms.
The Airnergy principle – review and original dataAirnergy AG
The Airnergy principle is a patented method for producing singlet oxygen (1) with the excitation energy subsequently being released in the moist air (2). The principle involves activation of the oxygen and also energising of the water-saturated inhaled air. However,
this is not connected in any way with (familiar) oxygen therapies: Airnergy AG uses the oxygen contained in normal air (e.g. 4 l/min air flow) in its devices and not pure medical oxygen. It is important here that the (claimed) effects are not attributable to the air or the oxygen it contains.
http://en.airnergy.com/products/prices-order/index.html
Brief view: Reaction Control by Electron Spin Manipulation & other worksMasaharu Okazaki
Main works of Masaharu Okazaki are presented briefly. 1) Reaction of radical-pair intermediates produced in a nano-cage (mainly as the photo-reaction intermediates) can be controlled by manipulating the spin state. 2) Alcohol molecules flow collectively in the nanochannel of MCM-41. Evidences are given by the spin probe and radical-pair probe techniques.
'Basic mechanisms of membrane transport is the topic of general pharmacology.
Introduction- Membrane Transport
Plasma Membrane
Lipid solubility in membrane permeation
Transporters Versus Channels
Mechanisms of Transport
Passive Diffusion
Relationship between Molecular weight and Diffusion
Carrier mediated Transport
Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Primary Active Transport
P type- Na+ K+-ATPase
Secondary Active transport- Symport, Antiport
Intestinal Transporters with e.g
Vesicular Transport-Exocytosis, Endocytosis-Phagocytosis,Pinocytosis
Pore (Convective) Transport
Ion Pair Formation
This presentation is about various types of cell transport mechanism which occurs at cellular level within the body. This is a basic presentation, intended for first year students of Medical and Health science courses .
Preparation and evaluation of electrospun nanofibers containing pectin and ti...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Objective(s):The aim of this study was to prepare electrospun nanofibers of celecoxib using combination of time-dependent polymers with pectin to achieve a colon-specific drug delivery system for celecoxib.
Materials and Methods:Formulations were produced based on two multilevel 22 full factorial designs. The independent variables were the ratio of drug:time-dependent polymer (X1) and the amount of pectin in formulations (X2). Electrospinning process was used for preparation of nanofibers. The spinning solutions were loaded in 5 mL syringes. The feeding rate was fixed by a syringe pump at 2.0 mL/h and a high voltage supply at range 10-18 kV was applied for electrospinning. Electrospun nanofibers were collected and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and drug release in the acid and buffer with pH 6.8 with and without pectinase.
Results:Electrospun nanofibers of celecoxib with appropriate morphological properties were produced via electrospinning process. Drug release from electrospun nanofibers was very low in the acidic media; while, drug release in the simulated colonic media was the highest from formulations containing pectin.
Conclusion: Formulation F2 (containing drug:ERS with the ratio of 1:2 and 10% pectin) exhibited acceptable morphological characteristics and protection of drug in the upper GI tract and could be a good candidate as a colonic drug delivery system for celecoxib.
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
This session provided an update as to the latest valuation data in the UK and then delved into a discussion on the upcoming election and the impacts on valuation. We finished, as always with a Q&A
The key differences between the MDR and IVDR in the EUAllensmith572606
In the European Union (EU), two significant regulations have been introduced to enhance the safety and effectiveness of medical devices – the In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (IVDR) and the Medical Device Regulation (MDR).
https://mavenprofserv.com/comparison-and-highlighting-of-the-key-differences-between-the-mdr-and-ivdr-in-the-eu/
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website – www.pmday.org
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
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Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
This Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit was created by ex-McKinsey, Deloitte and BCG Management Consultants, after more than 5,000 hours of work. It is considered the world's best & most comprehensive Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit. It includes all the Frameworks, Best Practices & Templates required to successfully undertake the Digital Transformation of your organization and define a robust IT Strategy.
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This PowerPoint presentation is only a small preview of our Toolkits. For more details, visit www.domontconsulting.com