Antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli isolates detected in raw milk of livestock in pastoral areas of northern Kenya

1. Cristian Danilo Ramírez Grisales
Third semester
Medicine UPB

2. INTRODUCTION
 Escherichia coli (E.coli)
They are a large and diverse group of bacteria,
that are commensal in the the gastrointestinal
tract of healthy humans and animals being
harmless, however some types of E.coli are
pathogenic, they can affect the gastrointestinal
track, causing diarrhea, or even cause illness
outside the gastrointestinal tract.
Key words:
http://www.bacteriainphotos.com/Escherichia%20coli%20light%20microscopy.html

3.  Antimicrobial
resistance (AMR): Is
the result overuse of
antibiotics in animals
and humans for many
years, like the use of
beta-lactams and
tetracyclines; and the
emergence multidrug
resistance (MDR)
strains.
https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/around-the-world-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-are-causing-increased-numbers-of-serious-infections-but-in-finland-the-
situation-is-still-relatively-go

4. GENERAL OBJECTIVE
 This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of AMR in household milk for
human consumption in Isiolo County, Kenya.
https://www.iied.org/insuring-against-climate-risk-kenya
http://outbreaknewstoday.com/raw-milk-linked-to-e-coli-o157h7-cases-in-
michigan-53226/

5. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sampling was done in 76
households from Isiolo,
Kenya, obtaining 304 milk
samples of 25ml each one,
from goats, cattle and
sheep. Also samples were
taken from domestic
containers as well.

6. DNA EXTRACTION
 Additionally before the protein
removal by salts precipitation a
ARNsa can be added to get ride
of the ARN.

7. POLYMERASE CHAIN
REACTION
 This method is used to
increase a specific
segment of DNA, using
the enzyme polymerase,
in this case to amplify the
lytic transglycosylase
gene (Ltg) and also to
confirms that this is
E.coli.
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/biotech-dna-technology/dna-sequencing-pcr-electrophoresis/a/polymerase-chain-
reaction-pcr

8. PRUEBA DE
SUSCEPTIBILIDAD
ANTIMICROBIANA
Este es un prodecimiento en el que se espera encontrar que
tipo de antibioticos son efectivos para tratar a un paciente;
en este caso se va a clasificar como la E.coli responde a 11
tipos diferentes de antibioticos dependiendo si es
susceptible, intermedio o resistente.
https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/home/topics/diagnostics/rapid-
antimicrobial-susceptibility-testing-on-urine-directly-accelerates-results/

9. RESULTADOSElctroforesis en gel:
Se analizaron 42 muestras de cepas de
obtenías de las muestras de leche,
confirmando que 100% de ellas
pertenecen a E.coli, ya que al usar el
marcador de la transglucosilasa lítica
todas marcaron una banda de 829 pb
GenBank
MH818568-MH818570
MH818570.

10. Resistencia antimibrobiana:

11. DISCUSSION
AUTHOR WHAT HE SAYS YES/NO
Ombarak
Messele, Abdi, Tegegne, &
Bora,
Sudda
Among the 40 resistant E. coli isolates, most
of them were resistant to tetracycline,
followed in a descending order by ampicillin
and streptomycin.
Studies have reported varied pre-
valences ranging from 7.1%
Antibiotic resistant-E. coli isolates in 87.5% of
milk samples collected from a zero grazed
cows
YES
NO
YES

12. CONCLUSION
antimicrobial resistance in e.coli is
a public health issue, that can be
prevented by cooking right the
food before eat it to avoid a
possible infection.
Thank to PCR test is possible the
identification of different types of
bacteria, reducing the time period to
make a diagnosis and apply a
treatment

13. CONCEPTUAL MAP

14. REFERENCIAS
BIBLIOGRAFICAS
 Bayot, M., & Bragg, B. (2019). Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Retrieved 18
August 2019, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539714/
 Scheurwater, E. (2019). Lytic transglycosylases: Bacterial space-making
autolysins. Retrieved 18 August 2019, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1357272507000970
 Masoud, Z. (2019). Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing on Urine Directly
Accelerates Results - Infectious Disease Advisor. Retrieved 18 August 2019, from
https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com/home/topics/diagnostics/rapid-
antimicrobial-susceptibility-testing-on-urine-directly-accelerates-results/