How to Find Research Articles! For Nursing Students.
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PowerPoint presentation to use with our first year, semester 2 nursing students on the tricky subject of literature searching! An adapted PowerPoint after attending a Presentation workshop by Ned Potter, on making your message stick.
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Starting a literature review Mahfoudh Hussein Mgammal
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review, including:
- The importance of literature reviews in demonstrating understanding of previous research and how the current study relates and contributes to the field.
- Suggestions for getting started with a literature review by identifying relevant research areas and questions, and notetaking initial thoughts before reading.
- Recommendations to search academic databases and sources rather than only using general online searches, as databases provide more authoritative texts like journals and reports.
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This document discusses conducting literature reviews and searches. It begins by defining a literature review and outlining important steps, including selecting research questions, choosing search terms, applying screening criteria, and critically appraising sources. Several databases and types of sources are identified for literature searches. Key steps in the search process involve breaking questions into concepts, identifying subject headings and synonyms, and combining searches with Boolean operators. Criteria for critically evaluating search results from journals, articles, and websites are also provided.
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Literature review
A literature review surveys scholarly sources on a particular topic, synthesizing key findings and concepts. It has four main objectives: to survey the literature, synthesize the information, critically analyze the information by identifying gaps and limitations, and present the literature in an organized way. A good literature review analyzes, interprets, and critically evaluates the literature to highlight patterns, themes, conflicts, and gaps. It demonstrates familiarity with the body of knowledge and establishes where the author's own research fits within existing research.
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Scientific articles come in different types, including primary research articles, review articles, and popular press/background articles. Primary research articles describe original experiments and are structured like a lab report, with introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections. Review articles summarize and synthesize previous research on a topic. Popular press articles are written for a general audience to provide accessible background information on scientific topics. Scholarly articles are the main way research findings are communicated among scientists.
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Starting a literature review Mahfoudh Hussein Mgammal
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review, including:
- The importance of literature reviews in demonstrating understanding of previous research and how the current study relates and contributes to the field.
- Suggestions for getting started with a literature review by identifying relevant research areas and questions, and notetaking initial thoughts before reading.
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Considerations in Writing a Literature Review
by Kathy Black, Ph.D.
Literature reviews are ubiquitous in
academic journals, scholarly reports, and
social work education. Students taking
social work courses throughout the cur-
riculum, including Human Behavior and
the Social Environment, Practice, Policy,
and Research classes, are frequently
asked to write literature reviews for a
variety of reasons. Literature reviews are
often done within the context of writing
a paper and sometimes done as a mini-
assignment, perhaps setting the frame
for a broader paper, exposing students
to the breadth of information available
on a topic area, or demonstrating skills
in critical thinking and writing ability.
However, there are some
general guidelines to follow
when writing a literature re-
view. This article will briefly
outline key points for you to
keep in mind when writing
literature reviews for social
work.
Getting Ready
To begin with, you
will need to ascertain the
purpose of the literature
review. At the very least, be
aware of the purpose, scope,
and length of the literature review, as
well as the writing requirements. This
requires clarifying the purpose (Is it to
simply overview a broad or specific area of
inquiry, or is it expected to be comprehensive
or systematic?), scope (How much informa-
tion is needed—three scholarly sources? Five
or 10 sources? Are there any limits to the
inquiry? Perhaps a focus on distinct ethnici-
ties or time periods?), and length (Is the
final review expected to yield one page or
10 pages of review?). You should also be
familiar with required writing styles, such
as American Psychological Association
(APA), and other expectations, such as
double spacing, font size, and so forth.
Once purpose, scope, length, and writing
expectations are ascertained, you can
embark on conducting your search for
literature.
The Search
Searching for literature is quite easy
these days. Today, much information
is available electronically, and you can
obtain literature just about anytime and
anywhere. To begin the search, take ad-
vantage of library resources available to
you through your college or university.
Libraries often offer group or personal-
ized training in accessing information,
and librarians are often available to help
on specific topic assignments, as well. If
you are a student, you will be exposed
to search engines and databases such as
Social Work Abstracts and procedures for
accessing or requesting books, journal
articles, and reports that relate to your
topic.
Although information is also widely
available through the World Wide Web,
not every site offers credible informa-
tion. You can learn from your library
about criteria to evaluate the legitimacy
of information. One increasingly popular
source of information is Google Scholar
(www.googlescholar.com). This site has ac-
cess to professional journal lis.
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Running head: EVALUATION OF A QUALITATIVE STUDY
1
EVALUATION OF A QUALITATIVE STUDY
9
Evaluation of a Qualitative Study
First and Last Name
Capella University
Evaluation of a Qualitative Study
For this assignment you will locate an article from the peer-reviewed scholarly journals in your field using one of the databases available in the Capella University Library. This assignment should be between 4 and 6 pages in length, double-spaced using 12-point Times New Roman font, not counting the title page and reference section.
You will notice the running head contains the words “evaluation of a quantitative study” and it is presented in all capitals. Also, notice that the words “running head” appear only on the first page and just the running head itself appears on subsequent pages.
Next, notice that the title on the second page above is centered and capitalized but it is not in bold. This follows the example on page 42 of the APA Manual and also a second example found on page 54. Below you will notice that headings have been provided for this assignment. They follow the protocols for formatting level one and two headings found on page 62 and the example presented on page 58 of the APA Manual. It is sound practice to consult the APA Manual for formatting guidance.
In the section immediately under the title, you are to provide a brief introduction to your assignment; however, you should not create a heading that states “Introduction.” You should present your introduction without a heading in order to comply with the guidance offered on page 63 of the APA Manual. Your introduction should tell the reader what the paper is about, such as what study is being evaluated and how your evaluation will proceed. A single brief paragraph is all that is required. You can find more information about how to develop an introduction at the Capella Writing Center.
Evaluation of the Research Problem
In most cases the research problem appears early on in a research report. However, it is not always set off in its own section with a clear heading identifying it. You may have to do a bit of detective work to locate the description of the research problem. In your own words, without using direct quotes, summarize the research problem.
Evaluating the Significance of the Problem
Address the following questions.
Does the problem statement indicate a counseling issue to study? You will have to make a judgment call as to whether or not the research article addresses a counseling issue and explain why or why not you have taken this position.
Has the author provided evidence that this issue is important? Briefly describe the evidence presented in the discussion of the research problem that demonstrates this is an important issue deserving of being researched. Summarize in your own words, not direct quotes, the evidence presented and explain your own view of whether or not this is an important issue.
Evaluation of the Literature Review
Sometim ...
Identifying a research problem and formulating a research question
Identifying a research problem and formulating a research question
Literature review and research question
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How to Find Research Articles! For Nursing Students.
- 1. Literature Searching and Finding Research Articles Anglia Ruskin University Library http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk
- 2. Why should you use research articles? What are research articles? How to find research articles.
- 3. What we cover in this session will hopefully save you time and increase your grades.
- 4. Why should you find evidence to back up what you say? The Nursing and Midwifery Council states that nurses “must deliver care based on the best available evidence or best practice”.
- 5. So, where are the best places to start collecting evidence?
- 6. Books provide a broad discussion and overview of the established facts and theories and historical context.
- 7. Websites can be helpful for background information, but always remember to evaluate. Ask questions like: Who wrote the website? Is it from a reliable source?
- 8. Journals contain journal articles, news and editorials, commentary, literature reviews and systematic reviews and much more!
- 9. Quantitative research involves numerical data collection and statistical evidence.
- 10. Qualitative data is “concerned with exploring meaning and phenomena” and “words and descriptions”.
- 11. Primary Research Secondary Research Also known as Original research Desk research What‟s the purpose To share new research findings To evaluate previous research findings Examples Focus groups Surveys Questionnaires Interviews Observations Experiments Trials Literature reviews Systematic reviews Meta-analysis Meta-synthesis
- 12. Primary research is also known as original research. It’s purpose is to share new research findings. The research methods used within the research may vary, for example, quantitative methods or qualitative methods.
- 13. Examples of primary research are interviews, observations, questionnaires, experiments and focus groups.
- 14. Secondary research is also known as desk research. It‟s purpose is to evaluate previous research findings.
- 15. Some examples of secondary research articles are literature reviews, systematic reviews and meta-analysis.
- 16. To identify a research article look for descriptions of methodology and research methods.
- 17. They will also include a literature review, but only as part of the article.
- 18. There will also be a description of the sample, for example who were the participants and how were they sourced.
- 19. You should also be able to spot the method of data collection.
- 20. You will also find an analysis of the results.
- 21. Sometimes identifying a research article isn’t easy! You may need to play detective and look for clues. Always read the abstract, and skim read the entire article as this should help you identify if it is original research or not.
- 22. Before you start your search, remember to plan. Think about your topic and the words you are going to use in your search.
- 23. Try to refine what it is you are looking for. Filter out any unnecessary words like „the‟ and „what‟. Are you looking at a particular setting or group of people?
- 24. Think of synonyms or alternative words to describe your search concepts.
- 25. Now we have our key words, we need to think of ways to combine them to search successfully.
- 26. We can use something called Boolean operators our key words. to combine
- 30. Where‟s the best place to start your search? The library website! http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk
Editor's Notes
- Quantitative research numerical data collection
- Examples of primary research are interviews, observations, questionnaires, experiments and focus groups.
- The screen shots are from ‘Effectiveness of hand-washing teaching programs for families and children in paediatric intensive care units’ Chen, Y. and Chiang, L. Journal of Clinical Nursing.
- Try to refine what it is you are looking for. Filter out any unnecessary words like ‘the’ and ‘what’. Are you looking at a particular setting or group of people?
- Think of synonyms or alternative words to describe your search concepts.
- Combing search words
- We can use something called Boolean operators
- Where’s the best place to start your search? The library website: http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk