Technology is being deployed everywhere, and the equipment is going into places it was never intended to be located. This presentation compares IT enclosures designed for the data center and those designed for harsh environments.
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Selecting an Enclosure for Non-Traditional IT Environments
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Enclosure Selection for
Non-Traditional IT Environments
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Comparing Traditional IT Enclosure Designs to Industrial Designs
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• Designed to allow ambient airflow
to enter enclosure to cool
equipment in high volumes
• 78% open perforations
• Gaps between frame and doors
• Gaps typical between panels and
frame
• Single latch quick release side
panels
• Single point or multi-point door
latches
• Upper and lower hinges
• Open bottom
Traditional IT Enclosures
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• Panels and structural frame abutted
against each other
• Top panels include holes, cable
access brushes, light duty
grommets for easy cable entry or
attachment other structures
• Flat frame surfaces at front and
rear
• All equipment exposed to any
airborne contaminants
• No protection against liquids
• Does not provide the proper
environment
Traditional IT Enclosures
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• Designed to isolate the interior of
the enclosure from the room
environment
• Solid doors, sides, roof and floor
• Gaskets used between frame and
all panels
• Bolt-on side panels with strict
distance between each connection
• Multiple hinges with strict distance
between each
• Multi-point door latches
• Solid bottom or plinth base
Industrial Enclosures
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• Frames designed to seal against
panels
• Sealing surfaces and gaskets create
gutter
– Wick liquids away from gaskets
– Channel water from horizontal to vertical
– Minimize dripping when door opened
• Continuous welds at all seams
– Eliminate pathways for liquids or dust to
enter enclosure
Industrial Enclosures
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• Solid top protects against falling
liquids and dust
– All offer protection from water
– Some ratings protect against coolants and
oils
– Varying protection against dust
• Solid bottom panels
– Seal enclosures at base
– Removable panels provide access when
required
– Provide support surface to add cable entry
grommets when required
Industrial Enclosures
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Sealing Method is Critical to Long Term Performance
Continuous, no
gaps
Low water
absorption
High
mechanical
strength/tear
resistance
Very high
tensile strength
X Strip gaskets –
multiple seams
(corners, along
vertical rise)
X Gaps formed
(expansion/cont
raction,
installation) –
potential leak
X Gaskets subject
to peeling if
gaps form
Foam Tape Gaskets Formed in Place Formed Gaskets
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Important Cooling Considerations
• Three basic methods for enclosure cooling
• Ambient conditions influence cooling product selection
• Choosing the wrong method may result in a solution that is
undersized, oversized or fails due to incompatible ambient
conditions
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Utilizing Filter Fans
• Cool, filtered air propelled into the
enclosure
• Build positive pressure
• An equal surface area exhaust filter must
be used in combination with Filter Fans
• Filter Fans should be mounted in the lower
third of the cabinet and the exhaust filter(s)
near the top of the cabinet
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Cooling Unit Applications
• Heat pump transfers heat to a higher temperature
by refrigeration
• Use cooling units if ambient temperature is higher
than the target internal temperature
• Closed loop system (to maintain Type rating: 12,
4, 4x)
– Inside loop recirculates air within the enclosure
– Outside loop removes heat from the enclosure to the
environment
• Electronics are sensitive to high temp (above
95°F) – battery systems, PLC, servers/computers
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Penetrations Require Listed Grommets to Maintain Protection Rating
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Standards and Ratings Overview
NEMA | UL | CSA | IEC
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Objectives - Standards & Ratings
• Understanding certifications
– Self Certification
– Third-party Certification
• Know which system is used in North America and in Europe
• What do the types mean?
• Why you should require 3rd party certification
IEC 60529
(IP)
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• North America – Enclosures rated by “Types” that
are defined by:
– National Electrical Manufacturers Association
(NEMA)
– Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
– Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
• NEMA
– Publish standards to define products, processes and
procedures
– NEMA Standards Publication 250 – “Enclosures for
Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts Maximum)”
• Defines 13 Types of enclosures (Type 1, Type 2,
etc.)
• Grouped for use in non-hazardous and
hazardous locations
• Identified for use indoors or outdoors
• Varying degrees of protection against ingress of
solids and liquids
• Europe & Globally – Enclosures are rated by
“Ingress Protection” Classes defined by:
– International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
• IEC
– Publish standards to define products, processes and
procedures
– IEC 60529 Degrees of Protection Provided by
Enclosures (IP Code)
• Defines a two-digit classification system
• Grouped by solid object protection and liquid protection
• Varying degrees of protection against ingress of solids
and liquids
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Certification Methods
Comparing Certification Levels Self-Certified Third-Party Certified
Design based on NEMA or IP Standards Interpretation X X
Product is manufactured to design based on assumed performance X
Product is manufactured to design based on proven performance X
Individual raw materials reviewed and certified to meet standards requirements X
Design reviewed and certified to meet standards requirements X
Product must pass a battery of tests to prove the design meets performance requirements X
Product marked and labeled with third party certification (UL, CSA) X
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Comparison of NEMA Enclosure Types
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Ingress Protection (IP)
Europe, Global
IP Number
First Digit-Refers to Solids
Ingress of SOLID objects
IP Number
Second Digit-Refers to Liquids
Ingress of LIQUIDS
0 No Protection 0 No Protection
1
Protected against solid objects over 50mm e.g.
hands, large tools
1 Protected against vertically falling drops of water or condensation.
2
Protected against solid objects over 12.5mm e.g.
hands, large tools.
2
Protected against falling drops of water, if the case is disposed up
to 15 from vertical.
3
Protected against solid objects over 2.5mm e.g.
wire, small tools.
3
Protected against sprays of water from any direction, even if the
case is disposed up to 60from vertical.
4
Protected against solid objects over 1.0mm e.g.
wires.
4 Protected against splash water from any direction
5
Limited protection against dust ingress.
(no harmful deposit)
5
Protected against low pressure water jets from any direction.
Limited ingress permitted.
6 Totally protected against dust ingress. 6
Protected against high pressure water jets from any direction.
Limited ingress permitted.
7 Protected against short periods of immersion in water.
8 Protected against long, durable periods of immersion in water.
9k
Protected against close-range high pressure, high temperature
spray downs.
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How NEMA Types compare to IEC IP Codes
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Modular Enclosure
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• Welded, roll-formed steel frame
• Punched with 1” (25 mm)
attachment pattern
• 19” EIA mounting rail option
• Adjustable depth mounting plate
option
• Lifting eye bolts for lifting
• Can be bayed to create larger
multi-bay units
• Plinth base or leveling feet
• Typically used for IT applications
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Swing Wall-Mount Enclosure
• Welded steel structure
• Wall mounted swing-out design
• Three part cabinet consists of:
– Front Door
– Center Section
– Rear Section
• Equipment mounting options include:
– 19” EIA Mounting Rails
– Adjustable Depth Mounting Panel for center section
– Rear Mounting Panel for Rear Section
• Typically used for IT applications
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• Welded steel structure
• Removable stands
• Provide 12” (305 mm) clearance below the cabinet
• Used in areas subject to pooling water
• Allows the use of accessory drains
• Clearance for conduits penetrating the floor or to
connect conduit to enclosure base
• Single or Double Doors
• Multi-point door latches with padlock hasp
• Optional equipment mounting plate
• Type 3R, Type 4, or Type 12 protection class
• Typically used instrumentation, automation controls,
power electronics, PLC, VFD
Floor-Mount with Stands
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• Welded steel structure
• Sits flat on floor
• Single or double doors
• Single access or dual access (front/rear)
• Multi-point door latches with padlock hasp
• Optional equipment mounting plate can adjust in depth
location
• Type 3R, Type 4, or Type 12 protection class
• Typically used instrumentation, automation controls,
power electronics, PLC, VFD
Free-Standing
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• Welded steel structure
• Wall mounted
• Swing-out front door
• Single or double doors
• Multi-point latches or ¼ turn cam latches
• Optional equipment mounting plate can adjust in depth
location
• Wall-mounting bracket options
• Type 3R, Type 4, or Type 12 protection class
• Typically used instrumentation, automation controls,
power electronics, PLC, VFD, Security
Wall-Mount
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Conclusions
• Industrial applications require a different enclosure
design; IT Enclosures do not provide the correct
environment
• Gasket design is critical to performance
• Cooling requirements are important
– Clean air stream
– Meet cooling requirements
– Maintain enclosure type rating
• Third-party certification validates performance against
standards
– “Type” ratings are used in North America
– “IP” protection class is used globally
• Multiple design styles are available to meet a variety of
IT based or automation and control type of equipment
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Thank you!
Visit us online at:
www.chatsworth.com/industrial-enclosures
Sam Rodriguez, Sr. Product Manager,
Cabinet & Thermal Solutions
Editor's Notes
By definition, Industrial Enclosures are sealed so heat will build up and temperature will rise.
Preferred method for Filter Fans. Positive pressure so cabinet leaks out if seal is broken.
Important to size the AC to the thermal load: too small will lead to overheating; too little will cause short cycling leading to premature failure.
Note air streams are as separated as possible. Some competitor units have the return and supply too close together.
NEMA 12/IP55
National Electrical Manufacturing Association
IP ratings for enclosures are increasingly being observed in North America with the proliferation of worldwide standards and inter-continental product shipments. IP ratings for enclosures are governed by European standard IEC 60529 and are recognized internationally. Most IP rating of a product is made up of a two number descriptor, as described in the following table
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/nema-iec-enclosure-standards-d_920.html