This document provides an overview of the key learning objectives and content covered in Lecture e of an Introduction to Computer Science course on Security and Privacy. The lecture explains security and privacy concerns associated with Electronic Health Records (EHRs), describes security safeguards used for healthcare applications, and provides basics of ethical behavior online. References are also included that were cited in Lecture e.
HIPAA Audit Implementation discusses the need to implement HIPAA audits to ensure compliance. HIPAA establishes privacy and security provisions for protected health information. It requires covered entities like healthcare providers and their business associates to implement controls to secure patient data and mitigate the risk of breaches. Noncompliance can result in civil penalties up to $1.5 million per year or criminal penalties of up to 10 years in prison.
The HIPAA Security Rule establishes national security standards for protecting electronic protected health information. It requires covered entities like healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses to maintain reasonable and appropriate administrative, technical, and physical safeguards for protecting electronic protected health information. Specifically, covered entities must ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of electronic protected health information, protect against reasonably anticipated threats to its security or integrity, and ensure compliance by their workforce. The Security Rule aims to protect individuals’ health information while allowing new healthcare technologies.
The document discusses the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and its requirements around privacy and security of patient health information. HIPAA established rules around privacy, security, transactions, and enforcement to protect patient information. It defines protected health information, privacy standards, and security standards. Breaches can occur through vulnerabilities in hardware/software or policies. Risk assessment is important to identify threats and risks. Administrative, physical and technical safeguards help ensure privacy and security of electronic health information as required by HIPAA.
The document discusses the history and development of electronic health record systems (EHRs) in the United States. It describes how the US president called for widespread EHR adoption in 2004. It outlines the key components of EHRs and notes their benefits like improved patient care. It also discusses the roles of various government agencies and private organizations in initiatives to promote EHR adoption and interoperability through standards, funding, and public-private partnerships.
With the advent of technology and implementation of many electronic health records across the globe, take a step back and analyze what are the issues and challenges EHR implementation is facing right now.
Slide presentation for our MS Health Informatics 201 class under Dr. Iris Isip-Tan.
The document discusses electronic health records (EHR) in long-term care facilities. It covers the goals of EHR which include improving care, sharing records efficiently, and using data to enhance care delivery. However, several issues need to be addressed such as standards development, costs, security, and usability. Nursing facilities can participate in local EHR initiatives and ensure their vendors plans support emerging requirements for interoperable health records. The vision is for an integrated healthcare system and strategies include incentivizing EHR adoption, reducing investment risks, and developing national and regional health information networks.
Legal and Ethical Considerations in Nursing InformaticsKimarie Brown
This document discusses legal and ethical considerations around information security and confidentiality in nursing informatics. It covers key concepts like privacy, confidentiality, and information security. It identifies threats to system security like hackers, viruses and human error. It also discusses security measures that can be implemented, including firewalls, antivirus software, authentication methods like passwords, and proper disposal of confidential information. The impact of internet technology on health information security is also addressed.
Agenda
• Discuss how to handle patient communications
• Explain the issues involved with using Social Media
• Discuss how Social Media can work under HIPAA
• Identify guidance from HHS on patient communications
• Show what’s needed in a Social Media Policy
• Show the process that must be used in the event of breach
• Preparing for enforcement and auditing
• Learn how to approach compliance
HIPAA Audit Implementation discusses the need to implement HIPAA audits to ensure compliance. HIPAA establishes privacy and security provisions for protected health information. It requires covered entities like healthcare providers and their business associates to implement controls to secure patient data and mitigate the risk of breaches. Noncompliance can result in civil penalties up to $1.5 million per year or criminal penalties of up to 10 years in prison.
The HIPAA Security Rule establishes national security standards for protecting electronic protected health information. It requires covered entities like healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses to maintain reasonable and appropriate administrative, technical, and physical safeguards for protecting electronic protected health information. Specifically, covered entities must ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of electronic protected health information, protect against reasonably anticipated threats to its security or integrity, and ensure compliance by their workforce. The Security Rule aims to protect individuals’ health information while allowing new healthcare technologies.
The document discusses the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and its requirements around privacy and security of patient health information. HIPAA established rules around privacy, security, transactions, and enforcement to protect patient information. It defines protected health information, privacy standards, and security standards. Breaches can occur through vulnerabilities in hardware/software or policies. Risk assessment is important to identify threats and risks. Administrative, physical and technical safeguards help ensure privacy and security of electronic health information as required by HIPAA.
The document discusses the history and development of electronic health record systems (EHRs) in the United States. It describes how the US president called for widespread EHR adoption in 2004. It outlines the key components of EHRs and notes their benefits like improved patient care. It also discusses the roles of various government agencies and private organizations in initiatives to promote EHR adoption and interoperability through standards, funding, and public-private partnerships.
With the advent of technology and implementation of many electronic health records across the globe, take a step back and analyze what are the issues and challenges EHR implementation is facing right now.
Slide presentation for our MS Health Informatics 201 class under Dr. Iris Isip-Tan.
The document discusses electronic health records (EHR) in long-term care facilities. It covers the goals of EHR which include improving care, sharing records efficiently, and using data to enhance care delivery. However, several issues need to be addressed such as standards development, costs, security, and usability. Nursing facilities can participate in local EHR initiatives and ensure their vendors plans support emerging requirements for interoperable health records. The vision is for an integrated healthcare system and strategies include incentivizing EHR adoption, reducing investment risks, and developing national and regional health information networks.
Legal and Ethical Considerations in Nursing InformaticsKimarie Brown
This document discusses legal and ethical considerations around information security and confidentiality in nursing informatics. It covers key concepts like privacy, confidentiality, and information security. It identifies threats to system security like hackers, viruses and human error. It also discusses security measures that can be implemented, including firewalls, antivirus software, authentication methods like passwords, and proper disposal of confidential information. The impact of internet technology on health information security is also addressed.
Agenda
• Discuss how to handle patient communications
• Explain the issues involved with using Social Media
• Discuss how Social Media can work under HIPAA
• Identify guidance from HHS on patient communications
• Show what’s needed in a Social Media Policy
• Show the process that must be used in the event of breach
• Preparing for enforcement and auditing
• Learn how to approach compliance
Health Database and Regulations in Taiwan (APrIGF2018)YingChu Chen
Introduction Taiwan government health data service and some programs in #APrIGF2018.
I think our government wants to connect different database in different government departments, but need to do risk assessment and have mechanisms to people to talk about the regulation.
To business, they need to think about how to protect the personal information about their customers during the transmission and user agreement.
To user who use IoT or wearable devices, need to consider about the data ownership, who uses your data.
The document discusses the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). It provides information on the legislative act that established HIPAA, the administrative simplification rules enforced by the Office for Civil Rights, and covered entities that must comply with HIPAA. It also summarizes key aspects of HIPAA regulations including protected health information, use and disclosure limitations, notice requirements, penalties for violations, and examples of HIPAA violation cases.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was passed in 1996 to provide protections for personal health information. It established rules regarding the use and disclosure of medical records and health information. HIPAA regulates how consumer information can be shared, provides the right to access personal medical records, and enforces penalties for violations. As technology advances, continued challenges around health information security and integrating new regulations will be an ongoing priority to ensure patient privacy is upheld.
Information technology in health care managementmohamedmoosa2
The document discusses various roles of information technology in healthcare management. It describes how IT helps with communication between devices, teams, patients and providers. It enables secure exchange of health information and establishes reputations as stewards of private data. The roles of IT include supporting accurate operations, quality care through reliable technology, and cost reductions through automation. IT specialists discussed include systems analysts, database managers, networking specialists and software programmers. Future IT jobs may involve areas like 3D printing, artificial intelligence and robotics. The document also lists major US and Indian healthcare information system companies.
Personal Health Record over Encrypted Data Using Cloud ServiceYogeshIJTSRD
CBPHR Cloud Based Personal Health Record systems are used for storage and management of patient records. Cloud computing provides real time health care data in a convenient and cost effective manner. Due to the lack of visibility in cloud platform, the users are always concerned with data privacy and security. This is the main obstacle in widely adopting CBPHR systems in health care sector. The paper is discussing a cloud based patient health record management scheme which is highly secured. In this approach, indexes are encrypted under different symmetric keys and also the encrypted data indexes from various data providers can be merge by cloud without knowing the index content. It also provides efficient and privacy preserving query processing using a single data query submitted by the data user. Encrypted data will be processed by cloud from all related data providers without knowing its query content. Dinesh Soni | Dr. Lakshmi JVN "Personal Health Record over Encrypted Data Using Cloud Service" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41230.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comcomputer-science/computer-security/41230/personal-health-record-over-encrypted-data-using-cloud-service/dinesh-soni
February 10, 2011 BDPA Charlotte Program meeting.
Presented by:
Karen D. Hill, RHIA
Recruitment/Placement Specialist
ONC HIT Grant
Health Sciences Division
Central Piedmont Community College
Health Information Technology Workforce Development Program
Central Piedmont Community College
Protected health information (PHI) refers to any identifiable patient information disclosed for healthcare services. The Healthcare Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) protects PHI and requires healthcare providers to notify patients of any breaches. Common types of breaches involve hacking, malware attacks, and accidental sharing of electronic health records. Healthcare organizations implement encryption, passwords, audit trails, and firewalls to safeguard PHI and comply with HIPAA security rules.
This document provides a basic introduction to HIPAA and the privacy regulations for UCLA Hospital staff. It defines key terms like protected health information (PHI) and outlines basic privacy principles that all staff must follow, such as only accessing and using the minimum amount of PHI necessary to perform their jobs. It explains that HIPAA is a federal law establishing uniform rules for protecting health information and privacy. It also notes that staff could face penalties for non-compliance with HIPAA privacy rules.
This document discusses medical applications using IoT (Internet of Things) technology. It provides an overview of medical IoT, the need for medical IoT, and how it differs from e-health. It then discusses several medical IoT applications including personal health monitoring, smart hospitals, clinical data collection and integration, implants, remote health monitoring, smart health monitors, assistance for paralysis patients, and IoT applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Finally, it briefly describes a 4-layer healthcare model for IoT and some of the hardware and software used to implement this model.
Health insurance portability and act(hipaa)29535814851
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) became law in 1996 with the purpose of standardizing healthcare transactions and protecting individual health information. HIPAA aims to improve efficiency by standardizing financial and administrative data exchange between healthcare organizations. It also develops standards to secure private patient data and gives patients control over how their information is used. HIPAA contains five titles related to health insurance coverage, preventing healthcare fraud, tax provisions, group health plans, and offsetting the cost of the act.
HIPAA consent is the state of being in alignment with guidelines et by Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 passed by the congress.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the HIPAA Security Rule. It describes how the Security Rule protects electronic protected health information (ePHI) and applies to covered entities like healthcare providers, health plans, and clearinghouses. It outlines the rule's requirements around administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to secure ePHI and addresses standards for access controls, security incident procedures, contingency planning, evaluation, and business associate contracts.
Telemedicine software platform for hospitals & healthcare providers an ul...AndrewSebastian17
A telemedicine software platform allows medical providers to diagnose and treat patients remotely using video chats, phone calls, email and other telecommunication tools. It works by having patients create an online account and request visits, notifying physicians of requests who can then accept, decline or schedule visits. Key benefits include seeing more patients per day, increased flexibility for providers and convenience for patients. Important factors for such a platform include supporting low bandwidth, being HIPAA compliant, having built-in support and scheduling capabilities. Setting one up involves ensuring equipment works, complying with telemedicine laws, training staff and setting up online workflows.
IRJET- MedBlock System for Securing Medical RecordsIRJET Journal
This document proposes a blockchain-based system called MedBlock to securely store and share medical records. The system aims to address limitations in current healthcare record systems related to privacy, security and data sharing. MedBlock uses blockchain technology and encryption to securely record medical transactions in an immutable ledger. It allows doctors to upload encrypted medical records and patients to access and share records through decryption keys. The system architecture includes modules for doctors and patients. If implemented, MedBlock could provide more secure, private and tamper-proof management of healthcare data compared to traditional electronic medical record systems.
- Medical devices range greatly in size and cost, from small and inexpensive devices worn on the body to large and expensive equipment like patient monitors.
- Hospitals face challenges in securing these increasingly networked and mobile medical devices from cyber attacks due to lack of funding, outdated infrastructure, and lack of skilled security personnel.
- The HL7 protocol is commonly used in medical devices to transmit patient data, but was designed in the 1980s and has security vulnerabilities that could allow attackers to access and manipulate sensitive health information if devices are connected to networks without proper protections.
1. The document discusses protected health information (PHI) and how it can be used and disclosed, including for treatment, payment, and healthcare operations with patient authorization, or without authorization in certain situations like public health activities.
2. It provides an example of a privacy breach where a patient's PHI was inappropriately disclosed by emailing them free antidepressant samples.
3. The intended purpose, security, and privacy standards for handling PHI are outlined, emphasizing the need for valid patient consent and reasonable measures to safeguard identifiable health information when it is shared and transmitted in health IT systems.
IRJET-A Survey on provide security to wireless medical sensor dataIRJET Journal
This document discusses providing security for wireless medical sensor data. It first reviews related work on securing wireless medical sensor networks using cryptosystems like Paillier and ElGamal. It then proposes a system that uses these cryptosystems to encrypt and distribute patient data across multiple data servers. This would preserve patient privacy as long as no single server is compromised. The system aims to allow medical analysis of distributed encrypted data without revealing individual patient information.
Cybersecurity risks to medical devices and healthcare systems have increased due to greater connectivity of devices, software use, and data sharing. Recent incidents highlight vulnerabilities that could disrupt care, compromise data, or directly endanger patients if devices are attacked. Regulators and industry stakeholders must collaborate to address both security and safety issues through coordinated risk management and standards application over medical device lifecycles.
This lecture discusses system security procedures and standards for health IT systems, as required by HIPAA. It covers protected health information (PHI) and the administrative, physical, and technical safeguards required to protect ePHI, including access policies, training, and device security. PHI must be strictly regulated and protected using a layered approach with numerous safeguards. Training is also needed to ensure user awareness of security policies and procedures.
Standards and Best Practices for Confidentiality of Electronic Health RecordsMEASURE Evaluation
This document summarizes standards and best practices for ensuring confidentiality of electronic health records. It discusses key concepts like privacy, security and confidentiality in the context of electronic health records. It outlines the situation in lower and middle income countries, where expertise and legal frameworks around eHealth privacy and security is often lacking. The document reviews global standards set by organizations like ISO, and emphasizes that while standards are important, non-technical factors like policy, processes and compliance are also critical to protecting health information privacy and security.
This document provides an overview of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). It discusses the background and objectives of HIPAA in ensuring privacy of health information. It describes the key aspects of HIPAA including the Privacy Rule, Security Rule, and definitions of protected health information. It also outlines enforcement measures for non-compliance and additional regulations like HITECH that have expanded HIPAA's requirements. Challenges of ensuring HIPAA compliance are discussed as well.
Health Database and Regulations in Taiwan (APrIGF2018)YingChu Chen
Introduction Taiwan government health data service and some programs in #APrIGF2018.
I think our government wants to connect different database in different government departments, but need to do risk assessment and have mechanisms to people to talk about the regulation.
To business, they need to think about how to protect the personal information about their customers during the transmission and user agreement.
To user who use IoT or wearable devices, need to consider about the data ownership, who uses your data.
The document discusses the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). It provides information on the legislative act that established HIPAA, the administrative simplification rules enforced by the Office for Civil Rights, and covered entities that must comply with HIPAA. It also summarizes key aspects of HIPAA regulations including protected health information, use and disclosure limitations, notice requirements, penalties for violations, and examples of HIPAA violation cases.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was passed in 1996 to provide protections for personal health information. It established rules regarding the use and disclosure of medical records and health information. HIPAA regulates how consumer information can be shared, provides the right to access personal medical records, and enforces penalties for violations. As technology advances, continued challenges around health information security and integrating new regulations will be an ongoing priority to ensure patient privacy is upheld.
Information technology in health care managementmohamedmoosa2
The document discusses various roles of information technology in healthcare management. It describes how IT helps with communication between devices, teams, patients and providers. It enables secure exchange of health information and establishes reputations as stewards of private data. The roles of IT include supporting accurate operations, quality care through reliable technology, and cost reductions through automation. IT specialists discussed include systems analysts, database managers, networking specialists and software programmers. Future IT jobs may involve areas like 3D printing, artificial intelligence and robotics. The document also lists major US and Indian healthcare information system companies.
Personal Health Record over Encrypted Data Using Cloud ServiceYogeshIJTSRD
CBPHR Cloud Based Personal Health Record systems are used for storage and management of patient records. Cloud computing provides real time health care data in a convenient and cost effective manner. Due to the lack of visibility in cloud platform, the users are always concerned with data privacy and security. This is the main obstacle in widely adopting CBPHR systems in health care sector. The paper is discussing a cloud based patient health record management scheme which is highly secured. In this approach, indexes are encrypted under different symmetric keys and also the encrypted data indexes from various data providers can be merge by cloud without knowing the index content. It also provides efficient and privacy preserving query processing using a single data query submitted by the data user. Encrypted data will be processed by cloud from all related data providers without knowing its query content. Dinesh Soni | Dr. Lakshmi JVN "Personal Health Record over Encrypted Data Using Cloud Service" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41230.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comcomputer-science/computer-security/41230/personal-health-record-over-encrypted-data-using-cloud-service/dinesh-soni
February 10, 2011 BDPA Charlotte Program meeting.
Presented by:
Karen D. Hill, RHIA
Recruitment/Placement Specialist
ONC HIT Grant
Health Sciences Division
Central Piedmont Community College
Health Information Technology Workforce Development Program
Central Piedmont Community College
Protected health information (PHI) refers to any identifiable patient information disclosed for healthcare services. The Healthcare Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) protects PHI and requires healthcare providers to notify patients of any breaches. Common types of breaches involve hacking, malware attacks, and accidental sharing of electronic health records. Healthcare organizations implement encryption, passwords, audit trails, and firewalls to safeguard PHI and comply with HIPAA security rules.
This document provides a basic introduction to HIPAA and the privacy regulations for UCLA Hospital staff. It defines key terms like protected health information (PHI) and outlines basic privacy principles that all staff must follow, such as only accessing and using the minimum amount of PHI necessary to perform their jobs. It explains that HIPAA is a federal law establishing uniform rules for protecting health information and privacy. It also notes that staff could face penalties for non-compliance with HIPAA privacy rules.
This document discusses medical applications using IoT (Internet of Things) technology. It provides an overview of medical IoT, the need for medical IoT, and how it differs from e-health. It then discusses several medical IoT applications including personal health monitoring, smart hospitals, clinical data collection and integration, implants, remote health monitoring, smart health monitors, assistance for paralysis patients, and IoT applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Finally, it briefly describes a 4-layer healthcare model for IoT and some of the hardware and software used to implement this model.
Health insurance portability and act(hipaa)29535814851
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) became law in 1996 with the purpose of standardizing healthcare transactions and protecting individual health information. HIPAA aims to improve efficiency by standardizing financial and administrative data exchange between healthcare organizations. It also develops standards to secure private patient data and gives patients control over how their information is used. HIPAA contains five titles related to health insurance coverage, preventing healthcare fraud, tax provisions, group health plans, and offsetting the cost of the act.
HIPAA consent is the state of being in alignment with guidelines et by Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 passed by the congress.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the HIPAA Security Rule. It describes how the Security Rule protects electronic protected health information (ePHI) and applies to covered entities like healthcare providers, health plans, and clearinghouses. It outlines the rule's requirements around administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to secure ePHI and addresses standards for access controls, security incident procedures, contingency planning, evaluation, and business associate contracts.
Telemedicine software platform for hospitals & healthcare providers an ul...AndrewSebastian17
A telemedicine software platform allows medical providers to diagnose and treat patients remotely using video chats, phone calls, email and other telecommunication tools. It works by having patients create an online account and request visits, notifying physicians of requests who can then accept, decline or schedule visits. Key benefits include seeing more patients per day, increased flexibility for providers and convenience for patients. Important factors for such a platform include supporting low bandwidth, being HIPAA compliant, having built-in support and scheduling capabilities. Setting one up involves ensuring equipment works, complying with telemedicine laws, training staff and setting up online workflows.
IRJET- MedBlock System for Securing Medical RecordsIRJET Journal
This document proposes a blockchain-based system called MedBlock to securely store and share medical records. The system aims to address limitations in current healthcare record systems related to privacy, security and data sharing. MedBlock uses blockchain technology and encryption to securely record medical transactions in an immutable ledger. It allows doctors to upload encrypted medical records and patients to access and share records through decryption keys. The system architecture includes modules for doctors and patients. If implemented, MedBlock could provide more secure, private and tamper-proof management of healthcare data compared to traditional electronic medical record systems.
- Medical devices range greatly in size and cost, from small and inexpensive devices worn on the body to large and expensive equipment like patient monitors.
- Hospitals face challenges in securing these increasingly networked and mobile medical devices from cyber attacks due to lack of funding, outdated infrastructure, and lack of skilled security personnel.
- The HL7 protocol is commonly used in medical devices to transmit patient data, but was designed in the 1980s and has security vulnerabilities that could allow attackers to access and manipulate sensitive health information if devices are connected to networks without proper protections.
1. The document discusses protected health information (PHI) and how it can be used and disclosed, including for treatment, payment, and healthcare operations with patient authorization, or without authorization in certain situations like public health activities.
2. It provides an example of a privacy breach where a patient's PHI was inappropriately disclosed by emailing them free antidepressant samples.
3. The intended purpose, security, and privacy standards for handling PHI are outlined, emphasizing the need for valid patient consent and reasonable measures to safeguard identifiable health information when it is shared and transmitted in health IT systems.
IRJET-A Survey on provide security to wireless medical sensor dataIRJET Journal
This document discusses providing security for wireless medical sensor data. It first reviews related work on securing wireless medical sensor networks using cryptosystems like Paillier and ElGamal. It then proposes a system that uses these cryptosystems to encrypt and distribute patient data across multiple data servers. This would preserve patient privacy as long as no single server is compromised. The system aims to allow medical analysis of distributed encrypted data without revealing individual patient information.
Cybersecurity risks to medical devices and healthcare systems have increased due to greater connectivity of devices, software use, and data sharing. Recent incidents highlight vulnerabilities that could disrupt care, compromise data, or directly endanger patients if devices are attacked. Regulators and industry stakeholders must collaborate to address both security and safety issues through coordinated risk management and standards application over medical device lifecycles.
This lecture discusses system security procedures and standards for health IT systems, as required by HIPAA. It covers protected health information (PHI) and the administrative, physical, and technical safeguards required to protect ePHI, including access policies, training, and device security. PHI must be strictly regulated and protected using a layered approach with numerous safeguards. Training is also needed to ensure user awareness of security policies and procedures.
Standards and Best Practices for Confidentiality of Electronic Health RecordsMEASURE Evaluation
This document summarizes standards and best practices for ensuring confidentiality of electronic health records. It discusses key concepts like privacy, security and confidentiality in the context of electronic health records. It outlines the situation in lower and middle income countries, where expertise and legal frameworks around eHealth privacy and security is often lacking. The document reviews global standards set by organizations like ISO, and emphasizes that while standards are important, non-technical factors like policy, processes and compliance are also critical to protecting health information privacy and security.
This document provides an overview of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). It discusses the background and objectives of HIPAA in ensuring privacy of health information. It describes the key aspects of HIPAA including the Privacy Rule, Security Rule, and definitions of protected health information. It also outlines enforcement measures for non-compliance and additional regulations like HITECH that have expanded HIPAA's requirements. Challenges of ensuring HIPAA compliance are discussed as well.
Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Lecture 3_slidesZakCooper1
The lecture discusses the HIPAA Security Rule and its requirements for covered entities to implement administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect electronic protected health information. The rules aim to be flexible but require entities to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and protect against threats. The lecture also notes that while technology helps with security, human vigilance is also needed, and complete security is impossible.
Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security Lecture 4_slidesZakCooper1
The lecture discusses the HIPAA Security Rule and its requirements for covered entities to implement administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect electronic protected health information. The rules aim to be flexible but require entities to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and protect against threats. The lecture also notes that while technology helps with security, human vigilance is also needed, and complete security is impossible.
MPCA HIPAA Compliance/Meaningful Use Requirements and Security Risk Assessment Series: HIPAA/HITECH Requirements for FQHCs and the New Omnibus Rule (Part 1)
The document provides a brief history of privacy regulations for health records, including HIPAA which was established in 1996 to regulate the use of protected health information. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009 provided incentives for providers to adopt electronic health records through the Meaningful Use program. It allocated funds through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act to encourage implementation of certified EHR systems and meet objectives for using technology to improve care, engage patients, and maintain privacy. The future may include more standardized clinical coding and exchange of billing, notes, and lab results between providers.
The document discusses key aspects of regulating health care in the United States as covered in Lecture d. It describes the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) which establishes requirements for protecting patient health information and applies to covered entities like health care providers, health plans, and clearinghouses. It also discusses efforts by organizations like The Joint Commission and Agency for Health Care Research and Quality to improve patient safety and reduce medical errors through initiatives and research.
Governance And Data Protection In The Health Sector - Billy Hawkeshealthcareisi
The document summarizes key aspects of governance and data protection in the health sector. It outlines accountability as essential for organizations handling personal health data. Audits of hospitals and clinics found some good practices but also issues with physical security, access controls, and unclear responsibilities. The presentation recommends transparent collection and use of data, access and correction procedures, limiting data access to those with a need to know, secure disposal, training staff, and having breach response plans. Research should fully inform and consent patients.
Explains about cyber security in Healthcare, Problem in Indian Scenario, Critical Infrastructure and Vulnerabilities. For more information visit: http://www.transformhealth-it.org/
The document discusses MBM eHealthCare Solutions' HIPAA and HITECH compliance consulting services. It provides an overview of the HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules and their requirements regarding protected health information. MBM offers compliance assessments, risk analyses, audits, and training to help covered entities meet HIPAA's standards for privacy, security, and electronic health records.
This document provides an introduction to information, information science, and information systems. It defines key terms like data, information, knowledge, information science, and information systems. Information science is described as the science of studying how information and knowledge are used in organizations and how people, organizations, and information systems interact. The document outlines how data is acquired and processed to become valuable information.
The document discusses challenges with information sharing across health and social care systems in the UK, including different data formats, lack of integration, and lack of trust. It describes a project by Symphonic Software to deliver a governance layer for the London Digital Programme, which aims to allow the 7,000 organizations involved in patient care in London to access patient records while meeting data controller agreements and patient consent preferences. The governance layer will provide policy translation, identity management, and automated generation of information sharing policies to improve integrated care.
Regulatory frameworks like HIPAA, HITECH, and Meaningful Use establish standards for protecting patient health information and incentivizing adoption of electronic health records. Security frameworks such as NIST and ISO provide best practices for information security controls. Recent case studies show common HIPAA violations include unencrypted devices, email phishing, and improper access controls. Current topics in healthcare cybersecurity include implementing the basics of risk assessment, policies, and technical controls; evaluating risks from business partners; and protecting against ransomware through regular patching and backups.
PSYC 3500 Strategies for Enhancing Learning and MemorySelf-Evalu.docxwoodruffeloisa
This summary provides an overview of a systematic review examining research on telehealth privacy and security practices used by healthcare providers:
1) The review analyzed 21 research papers published between 2004-2016 that studied privacy and security practices when US healthcare providers used telehealth technologies.
2) Most papers were policy studies (67%) or survey/interview research (14%). No randomized controlled trials were identified.
3) The review found it is necessary to have more research providing specific details on privacy and security practices used during telehealth and examining patient and provider preferences for keeping data private and secure.
Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security_lecture 1_slidesZakCooper1
This document discusses privacy, confidentiality, and security in healthcare. It defines key terms like privacy, confidentiality, and security. It discusses concerns around protecting patient information, including increased breaches and disclosures of data. It also notes that de-identified information is not always secure. Government plays a role in regulating privacy through laws like HIPAA and initiatives to improve security.
This document discusses health information security and privacy challenges. It covers the passage of HIPAA in 1996 to protect patient privacy and the challenges of managing health information systems, such as security, data access, and lack of interoperability. Recommendations include establishing security policies, training employees on HIPAA compliance, and using technical solutions like role-based access control and encryption. The conclusion emphasizes that while new technologies benefit healthcare, privacy and security must be ensured.
This document provides an overview of health informatics. It defines key terms like information management, information systems, and informatics. It describes the basic theoretical concept underlying informatics practice and defines biomedical and health informatics as fields of study. It outlines the learning objectives which include describing informatics areas of application, summarizing drivers and trends, and identifying professional roles and skills of health informaticians in processing data into information and knowledge to improve patient care. It then discusses the skills, tools, and domains of health informaticians and their roles in academic, research, and health care delivery environments.
Evolution of and Trends in Health Care - Lecture DCMDLearning
The document describes Lecture d of a course on the evolution of and trends in health care in the U.S. It discusses the patient-centered medical home model of care coordination, including characteristics like having a personal physician, team-based care, and quality/safety measures. It also introduces Accountable Care Organizations as a new model of care coordination promoted by the Affordable Care Act. Finally, it provides references for Lecture d.
Evolution of and Trends in Health Care - Lecture CCMDLearning
This lecture defined healthcare quality and gave examples of quality indicators such as process measures and outcome measures. It described approaches to quality improvement like the "Plan, Do, Study, Act" (PDSA) cycle. Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) was introduced as a way to compare benefits and harms of alternative healthcare methods using evidence from studies. CER aims to help patients and physicians choose between treatment options.
Evolution of and Trends in Health Care - Lecture BCMDLearning
This lecture defines clinical practice guidelines and describes their purpose in helping clinicians and patients make appropriate healthcare decisions. It discusses the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), an independent panel that issues evidence-based recommendations on clinical preventive services using a grading system (A to I) based on certainty of net benefit. The lecture also briefly introduces the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework for assessing evidence quality in clinical guidelines.
Evolution of and Trends in Health Care - Lecture ACMDLearning
This document discusses key concepts in evidence-based medicine and trends in the U.S. healthcare system. It defines evidence-based medicine as using the best available evidence from research to inform patient care decisions. Clinical practice guidelines and clinical decision support systems aim to promote evidence-based practices. The hierarchy of evidence ranks study types to determine the strength of evidence. Systematic reviews systematically analyze the literature on a topic.
The document discusses topics covered in Lecture c of Public Health, Part 2. It describes the importance of chronic diseases as leading causes of mortality in the US. Behavior modification is discussed as the main public health focus for prevention through education. The World Health Organization's STEPwise Framework for chronic disease prevention and policy is also presented. Environmental public health topics are reviewed, including overlap with chronic and communicable diseases. Air and water quality, hazardous waste management, and topics like smoking and urban planning are discussed.
This document discusses terrorism and public health in three parts. It begins by introducing four main categories of terrorism: bioterrorism, agricultural terrorism, chemical terrorism, and nuclear/radiation terrorism. It then discusses bioterrorism in more detail, including a history of bioterrorism incidents in the US and the CDC's categorization of bioterrorism agents. It concludes by describing the Laboratory Response Network and providing an overview of the public health response and challenges for the other categories of terrorism.
This document discusses communicable diseases and public health activities related to communicable disease prevention and control. It provides examples of communicable disease categories and historic public health triumphs in eradicating smallpox and bringing polio under control. The document also outlines public health investigations of disease outbreaks and monitoring/surveillance efforts at the federal, state, and local levels to control communicable diseases.
The document provides an overview of key concepts from Lecture c of Public Health, Part 1. It discusses the radical improvements public health has made to population health, including examples of successes in communicable disease control. It also reviews some historical highlights of public health in the US, noting how life expectancy has increased 30 years since 1900 due largely to public health initiatives. Major causes of death in 2014 are listed, with all but one being chronic or injury-related.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in public health from Lecture b, including:
- Defining important public health terminology like endemic, epidemic, morbidity, and mortality.
- Illustrating the general organization of public health agencies in the United States at the local, state, and federal levels.
- Explaining several roles of public health like education, policy, monitoring and surveillance, and regulating reportable diseases.
The document provides an overview of public health in the United States through a series of lectures. It begins with distinguishing between private health, which focuses on treating individuals, and public health, which aims to maintain population health through education, policy, and other measures. Next, it reviews the history of public health in the US from the 1700s to present, highlighting milestones like the establishment of the CDC and responses to health crises. The document concludes with learning objectives and references for further information.
The document discusses regulating health care in the United States. It covers several topics: the role of clinical documentation in health records to support patient safety, quality of care, and as a legal record; the importance of compliance programs to ensure adherence to laws and regulations regarding issues like fraud, abuse, and privacy; and the functions of organizations that oversee healthcare quality and standards like accreditation bodies. Thorough and complete clinical documentation is necessary to protect healthcare providers from legal risks while also supporting patient care, reimbursement, and organizational operations.
This lecture discusses how health care is regulated in the United States. It covers laws related to the Affordable Care Act, standards of care, informed consent, medical malpractice, and fraud/abuse. Providers must follow numerous complicated laws, obtain informed consent from patients, meet reasonable standards of care, and avoid fraudulent billing practices. The system is changing rapidly due to reforms like the Affordable Care Act and tort law proposals.
Lecture a discusses how health care in the US is regulated through accreditation, regulatory bodies, and professional associations. The Joint Commission is a major nonprofit accrediting body that establishes standards and accredits hospitals and other organizations through reviews and core measure reporting. Other accrediting organizations include URAC and the National Committee for Quality Assurance. Regulatory agencies like the Food and Drug Administration enforce standards to protect consumers. Professional associations represent various health professions and promote quality through certification, education, and advocacy.
This lecture discusses how the US legal system regulates health care. It describes the three branches of government - legislative, executive, and judicial - and how the court system is divided into trial courts that hear evidence and appellate courts that review cases. The lecture outlines the main sources of law and different types of laws, such as civil/private laws that govern relationships between people/organizations and public laws that govern relationships between people and the government. It provides examples of how civil cases involve private parties and criminal cases involve the government and a defendant.
The document discusses factors contributing to rising health care expenditures in the United States. It identifies increased demand from chronic disease and an aging population, new medical technologies, high pharmaceutical costs, and administrative inefficiencies compared to other countries as key drivers. While the uninsured account for some costs, evidence shows their emergency department utilization has not increased and is not a primary cause of overcrowding. Overall rising medical costs are challenging to curb due to demand for new, often expensive treatments and an inability to control utilization.
This document discusses reimbursement methodologies used by insurers to pay healthcare providers. It describes fee-for-service reimbursement, where separate payments are made for each service provided, and episode-of-care reimbursement, where one sum is paid for all services during an illness. Specific fee-for-service methods covered include traditional retrospective reimbursement using fee schedules, self-pay, and prospective payment models like capitation, per diem, case rates, and diagnosis-related groups. The document also reviews the revenue cycle of submitting claims and receiving reimbursement.
This document discusses the revenue cycle and billing process in healthcare. It describes how healthcare organizations capture charges for services provided, code diagnoses and procedures, and submit claims to insurers for reimbursement. Accurate coding using standardized code sets like ICD-10-CM, ICD-10-PCS, CPT and HCPCS is essential for reimbursement. The revenue cycle involves registration of patient information, charge capture, coding, claims submission, and payment receipt.
This document discusses methods for controlling rising health care costs in the United States. It explores how increased use of health information technology, evidence-based medicine, and new models of primary care such as the patient-centered medical home can improve efficiency and reduce expenditures. Alternative delivery methods like urgent care clinics and greater use of nurse practitioners and physician assistants may also lower costs. While concierge medicine provides enhanced services, there is no data showing it contains overall spending. Tort reform aims to curb defensive medicine practices that drive up healthcare costs.
This document is a lecture on financing health care in the United States. It discusses how health insurance works by spreading risk over large pools of people. Insurers pay providers based on diagnosis and procedure codes, using contracted rates. The lecture describes the types of private health insurance like indemnity plans, Blue Cross/Blue Shield, and various managed care plans. It also discusses the roles of government programs like Medicare and Medicaid, as well as laws regulating private insurance such as ERISA, COBRA, HIPAA, and the Affordable Care Act.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
Feeding plate for a newborn with Cleft Palate.pptxSatvikaPrasad
A feeding plate is a prosthetic device used for newborns with a cleft palate to assist in feeding and improve nutrition intake. From a prosthodontic perspective, this plate acts as a barrier between the oral and nasal cavities, facilitating effective sucking and swallowing by providing a more normal anatomical structure. It helps to prevent milk from entering the nasal passage, thereby reducing the risk of aspiration and enhancing the infant's ability to feed efficiently. The feeding plate also aids in the development of the oral muscles and can contribute to better growth and weight gain. Its custom fabrication and proper fitting by a prosthodontist are crucial for ensuring comfort and functionality, as well as for minimizing potential complications. Early intervention with a feeding plate can significantly improve the quality of life for both the infant and the parents.
Can coffee help me lose weight? Yes, 25,422 users in the USA use it for that ...nirahealhty
The South Beach Coffee Java Diet is a variation of the popular South Beach Diet, which was developed by cardiologist Dr. Arthur Agatston. The original South Beach Diet focuses on consuming lean proteins, healthy fats, and low-glycemic index carbohydrates. The South Beach Coffee Java Diet adds the element of coffee, specifically caffeine, to enhance weight loss and improve energy levels.
Dr. David Greene R3 stem cell Breakthroughs: Stem Cell Therapy in CardiologyR3 Stem Cell
Dr. David Greene, founder and CEO of R3 Stem Cell, is at the forefront of groundbreaking research in the field of cardiology, focusing on the transformative potential of stem cell therapy. His latest work emphasizes innovative approaches to treating heart disease, aiming to repair damaged heart tissue and improve heart function through the use of advanced stem cell techniques. This research promises not only to enhance the quality of life for patients with chronic heart conditions but also to pave the way for new, more effective treatments. Dr. Greene's work is notable for its focus on safety, efficacy, and the potential to significantly reduce the need for invasive surgeries and long-term medication, positioning stem cell therapy as a key player in the future of cardiac care.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.Vishal kr Thakur
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
Trauma Outpatient Center is a comprehensive facility dedicated to addressing mental health challenges and providing medication-assisted treatment. We offer a diverse range of services aimed at assisting individuals in overcoming addiction, mental health disorders, and related obstacles. Our team consists of seasoned professionals who are both experienced and compassionate, committed to delivering the highest standard of care to our clients. By utilizing evidence-based treatment methods, we strive to help our clients achieve their goals and lead healthier, more fulfilling lives.
Our mission is to provide a safe and supportive environment where our clients can receive the highest quality of care. We are dedicated to assisting our clients in reaching their objectives and improving their overall well-being. We prioritize our clients' needs and individualize treatment plans to ensure they receive tailored care. Our approach is rooted in evidence-based practices proven effective in treating addiction and mental health disorders.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
PET CT beginners Guide covers some of the underrepresented topics in PET CTMiadAlsulami
This lecture briefly covers some of the underrepresented topics in Molecular imaging with cases , such as:
- Primary pleural tumors and pleural metastases.
- Distinguishing between MPM and Talc Pleurodesis.
- Urological tumors.
- The role of FDG PET in NET.
International Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated during June, placing the spotlight not only on cancer survivors, but also their caregivers.
CANSA has compiled a list of tips and guidelines of support:
https://cansa.org.za/who-cares-for-cancer-patients-caregivers/
Can Allopathy and Homeopathy Be Used Together in India.pdfDharma Homoeopathy
This article explores the potential for combining allopathy and homeopathy in India, examining the benefits, challenges, and the emerging field of integrative medicine.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
Chandrima Spa Ajman is one of the leading Massage Center in Ajman, which is open 24 hours exclusively for men. Being one of the most affordable Spa in Ajman, we offer Body to Body massage, Kerala Massage, Malayali Massage, Indian Massage, Pakistani Massage Russian massage, Thai massage, Swedish massage, Hot Stone Massage, Deep Tissue Massage, and many more. Indulge in the ultimate massage experience and book your appointment today. We are confident that you will leave our Massage spa feeling refreshed, rejuvenated, and ready to take on the world.
Visit : https://massagespaajman.com/
Call : 052 987 1315
Let's Talk About It: Breast Cancer (What is Mindset and Does it Really Matter?)bkling
Your mindset is the way you make sense of the world around you. This lens influences the way you think, the way you feel, and how you might behave in certain situations. Let's talk about mindset myths that can get us into trouble and ways to cultivate a mindset to support your cancer survivorship in authentic ways. Let’s Talk About It!
We are one of the top Massage Spa Ajman Our highly skilled, experienced, and certified massage therapists from different corners of the world are committed to serving you with a soothing and relaxing experience. Luxuriate yourself at our spas in Sharjah and Ajman, which are indeed enriched with an ambiance of relaxation and tranquility. We could confidently claim that we are one of the most affordable Spa Ajman and Sharjah as well, where you can book the massage session of your choice for just 99 AED at any time as we are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Visit : https://massagespaajman.com/
Call : 052 987 1315
LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to CareVITASAuthor
This webinar helps clinicians understand the unique healthcare needs of the LGBTQ+ community, primarily in relation to end-of-life care. Topics include social and cultural background and challenges, healthcare disparities, advanced care planning, and strategies for reaching the community and improving quality of care.
LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to Care
Security & Privacy - Lecture E
1. Introduction to Computer Science
Security and Privacy
Lecture e
This material (Comp 4 Unit 7) was developed by Oregon Health & Science University, funded by the Department
of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under
Award Number 90WT0001.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.
2. Security and Privacy
Learning Objectives - 1
• Define cybercrime and cybersecurity
(Lecture a)
• List common information technology (IT)
security and privacy concerns (Lecture a)
• List hardware components that are usually
attacked by the hackers (Lecture a)
• Explain some of the common methods of
attack (Lecture b)
2
3. Security and Privacy
Learning Objectives - 2
• Describe common types of malware
(Lecture b)
• Explain social engineering methods used
by cybercriminals (Lecture b)
• Describe methods and tools available for
protection against cyberattacks (Lecture c)
• Describe practices designed to minimize
the risk of successful cyberattack
(Lecture d)
3
4. Security and Privacy
Learning Objectives - 3
• Address specifics of wireless device
security (Lecture d)
• Explain security and privacy concerns
associated with EHRs (Lecture e)
• Describe security safeguards used for
health care applications (Lecture e)
• Provide the basics of ethical behavior
online (Lecture e)
4
5. Health Care
Applications and Security
• U.S. Government’s stated goal:
– Most Americans to have access to electronic
health records (EHRs) by 2014
• Why EHRs?
– Improve quality of care
– Decrease cost
– Ensure privacy and security
• Outsourcing introduces risk
– Countries with different cultural values and EHR
regulations
5
6. Health Record Security Concerns
• Incorrect health data recorded
• Job discrimination
• Personal privacy violated
• Sharing of data between providers adds
risk
• Use of Internet always introduces risk
6
7. What is an EHR System?
• Collection of health data about the
business, patients, doctors, nurses
• Health data stored as records in database
system
• Records represent a complete event
– Example:
o A patient’s personal information
o Reason for office visit
o Tests ordered and their results
7
8. EHRs are… 1
• Used and maintained by health care
providers
• Covered by Health Insurance Portability
and Accountability Act (HIPAA) rules
• Centralized database systems used to
integrate patient intake, medical care,
pharmacy, and billing into one system
8
9. EHRs are… 2
• Used to send data over the Internet when
departments/entities are not in same
physical location
• Accessible by individual patient
9
10. EHR Security Q & A - 1
• How is data sent over the Internet?
– It should be sent in an encrypted, secure
manner over the Internet
• Is my personal data safe?
– Much depends on each organization’s
physical record and network security practices
– No data is 100% secure against theft or
misuse
10
11. EHR Security Q & A - 2
• Who can view my health records?
– Only those who need to know or view the
contents of a health record should be able to
view it
o Patient must authorize all other access
11
12. Federal Rules Emerge
• HIPAA enacted in 1996
• HIPAA establishes privacy and security
standards established for:
– Health care providers
– Health insurance companies
– Care clearinghouses (organizations that
translate claims data in to and out of HIPAA-
standard format)
12
13. HIPAA and Privacy
• Privacy Rule
– Requires those covered to provide patients a
“Notice of Privacy Practices” when care is first
provided
– Covers paper and electronic private health
information
• Security Rule
– Covers administrative, physical, and technical
data safeguards that secure electronic health
record data
13
14. What is Privacy?
• Most privacy laws revolves around privacy
between a person and the government
• “The law of privacy regulates the type of
information which may be collected and
how this information may be used and
stored.”
Wikipedia, 2016
• Privacy relates to people.
14
15. What is Confidentiality?
• “Confidentiality is commonly applied to
conversations between doctors and patients.
Legal protections prevent physicians from
revealing certain discussions with patients,
even under oath in court. The rule only
applies to secrets shared between physician
and patient during the course of providing
medical care.”
Wikipedia. 2016
• Confidentiality relates to data
15
16. Steps to Secure EHR - 1
• Authenticate and authorize ALL record
access
– Only those who “need to know” can view
– Only pertinent people can change records
– Limit who can print electronic documents
– All views and changes recorded for audit trail
16
17. Steps to Secure EHR - 2
• Examples:
– A clerk can view the dates and charges
related to an office visit but nothing about
treatment
– Nurses and doctors can view medical records
only for patients under their direct care
• Security outlines the structure to enforce
privacy and security
17
18. Steps to Secure EHR - 3
• Device security
– Apply operating system critical updates
immediately
– Install current Anti-virus definitions
– Restrict physical access to servers
– Allow only authenticated device access
18
19. Steps to Secure EHR - 4
• Secure electronic communications
– Encrypt all EHR communications
– Client-server environment
– Configure user accounts and groups
– Implement network access protection
mechanisms
19
20. Steps to Secure EHR - 5
• Web environment considerations
– Implement HTTPS for all web transactions
– Validate all data entered into web forms
– Perform regular audits of access and changes
• Implement redundant devices
– Ensures that devices are available as
expected
– Load-balance heavily used hardware devices
20
21. Steps to Secure EHR - 6
• Prosecute security violations vigorously
• Backup EHR data with secure storage
21
22. Free Online PHR Systems
– PHRs maintained by individuals
– Some PHRs not covered by HIPAA rules
– Resources
o Microsoft HealthVault - www.healthvault.com/
o WebMD Health Manager -
http://www.webmd.com/phr
22
23. Ethical Behavior Online
• Mistakes Happens
• Need to Know vs. Want to Know
• Online Ratings
• Data Breaches
23
24. Security and Privacy
Summary – Lecture e
• Explained security and privacy concerns
associated with Electronic Health Records
(EHRs)
• Described security safeguards used for
health care applications
• Provided basics of ethical behavior when
online
24
25. Security and Privacy
Summary - 1
• Cybercrime and cybersecurity
• Common IT security and privacy concerns
• Hardware components usually attacked by
the hackers; common methods of attack
• Common types of malware
• Social engineering methods used by
cybercriminals
• Methods and tools available for protection
against cyberattacks
25
26. Security and Privacy
Summary - 2
• Practices designed to minimize the risk of
successful cyberattack
• Specifics of wireless device security
• Security and privacy concerns associated
with EHRs
• Security safeguards used for health care
applications
• Basics of ethical behavior online
26
27. Security and Privacy
References – 1 – Lecture e
References
Dyer, K. A. (2011, June 2). Ethical Challenges of Medicine and Health on the Internet: A
Review. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1761893/
Greysen, S. (2010, July 15). Online Professionalism and the Mirror of Social Media.
Retrieved April 20, 2016, from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-010-
1447-1
Health and Human Services. HHS Announces Project to Help 3.6 Million Consumers
Reap Benefits of Electronic Health Records. [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2011 Nov 07].
Available from: http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2007pres/10/pr20071030a.html.
Improving Ethics Quality in Health Care. (n.d.). Retrieved April 20, 2016, from
http://www.ethics.va.gov/elprimer.pdf
Informatics Professor, Meaningful Use: A Highly Useful Construct for Informatics.
[Internet]. 2010 May [cited 2011 Nov 07]. Available from:
http://informaticsprofessor.blogspot.com/2010/05/meaningful-use-highly-useful-
construct.html.
Kraus, R. (2004). Ethical and Legal Considerations for Providers of Mental Health
Services Online. In Online Counseling, 2nd ed.: A Handbook for Mental Health
Professionals. San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.
27
28. Security and Privacy
References – 2 – Lecture e
References
Wikipedia. Network security. [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2011 Nov 07]. Available from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_security.
Wikipedia. Wireless security. [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2011 Nov 07]. Available from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_security.
Wikipedia. Wireless LAN security. [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2011 Nov 07]. Available from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN_security.
Wikipedia. Electronic health record. [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2011 Nov 07]. Available from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_health_record.
Wikipedia. Electronic medical record. [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2011 Nov 07]. Available from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_medical_record.
28
29. Introduction Computer Science
Security and Privacy
Lecture e
This material was developed by Oregon
Health & Science University, funded by the
Department of Health and Human Services,
Office of the National Coordinator for Health
Information Technology under Award
Number 90WT0001.
29
Editor's Notes
Welcome to the Introduction to Computer Science: Security and Privacy. This is Lecture e.
The component, Introduction to Computer Science, provides a basic overview of computer architecture; data organization, representation and structure; the structure of programming languages; and networking and data communication. It also includes the basic terminology of computing.
The objectives for this unit, Security and Privacy, are to:
Define cybercrime and cybersecurity
List common information technology, or IT, security and privacy concerns
List the hardware components that are usually attacked by hackers
Explain some of the common methods of attack
Describe common types of malware
Explain social engineering methods used by cybercriminals
Describe methods and tools available for protection against cyberattacks
Describe practices designed to minimize the risk of successful cyberattack
Address specifics of wireless device security
Explain security and privacy concerns associated with Electronic Health Records, or EHRs
Describe security safeguards used for health care applications
And, provide the basics of ethical behavior online
In this lecture, we will trace the history of the use of electronic health records, or EHRs, in America; discuss the risks inherent in putting health-related information into electronic form, and touch on ethical behavior when on the Internet.
For a number of years, the U.S. government had a goal that by 2014 most Americans should have access to EHRs.
Putting health records into electronic form means a lot of private and confidential information is now accessible through web browsers and wireless devices. If these devices are not secure, personal medical information is at risk. For example, information could be falsely entered or even changed by somebody with malicious intent. So it is very important that organizations understand the application of security in conjunction with health care.
The impetus for EHRs came from the American government. The motivation was to improve quality of care, decrease cost, and insure the privacy and security of the data.
One security concern is the current trend of outsourcing medical data entry management to countries outside the United States. If hospitals employ medical transcriptionists in other countries, might these countries have different cultural values and EHR regulations? How can data be protected when it is on the other side of the world being used by people who live by different rules, regulations, and cultural norms?
Other issues include concerns about encountering someone else’s information in your health record, making the information in both records incorrect and compromising security.
Additionally, individuals might be discriminated against in employment, denied employment, or even denied health coverage based on pre-existing conditions if private medical information is made public.
Personal privacy might be violated, such as when friends, family, and others find out about an embarrassing, but non-infectious medical condition.
A final concern about the security of health data involves the sharing of data between providers. Any time data travels over the Internet, there is always a risk to data security and privacy.
An EHR system is a collection of health data about medical practices, patients, doctors, nurses, and all entities involved in the health care process. Health data is stored as a record in a database system. For every visit to a doctor, an entry is recorded in the EHR, and that record is stored in a database. The patient’s name and contact information are one record in the database. The patient’s diagnosis and treatment are other records in the database. Tests ordered and procedures performed are yet another record in the database.
EHR systems are used and maintained by health care providers and others to store health care data.
Health care providers, health care clearinghouses, and health plan providers are subject to federal rules governing security and other rules related to EHRs. The primary federal rule governing EHRs is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA.
Organizations that must adhere to HIPAA rules are called “covered entities.”
When data in an EHR is maintained by a covered entity, that data is also subject to HIPAA rules. However, free, online, electronic, personal health records are not a covered entity. This means data entered in free, online, electronic, personal health records is not protected by HIPAA rules.
EHRs use centralized database systems to integrate functions such as patient intake, medical care, and pharmacy billing into one large database system.
Departments and other entities might not be in the same physical location, so patient data must often travel over the Internet. As we touched on earlier, any time the Internet and data are combined, an element of risk is introduced.
Why does data have to travel over the Internet at all? One reason―and there are many―is that when a doctor’s office bills an insurance company, some of the patient’s medical information must travel over the Internet.
Through the use of EHRs, people can view their own health record, taking ownership of its contents, insuring accuracy, and even providing content by adding comments for their doctors to read.
Let’s now consider some EHR security question and answers.
How is―or how should―data be sent over the Internet? In most cases, data will be sent in an encrypted, secure manner over the Internet. If not, patients should question the security practices being used.
Is your personal data safe? The answer to this question depends on each organization’s physical record and network security practices, as governed by their security policy. However, no data is 100 percent secure against theft or misuse, regardless of the applicable security policy. Having a good security policy in place, and then auditing for compliance, can significantly improve success in maintaining data security.
And finally, who can view your private medical records? According to HIPAA, only those who need to know or view the contents of a health record should be able to do so. Patients must authorize all other access to their record.
HIPAA was enacted in 1996 by the federal government.
HIPAA establishes privacy and security standards, and requires that health care providers, insurance companies, and care clearinghouses - organizations that translate claims data in to and out of HIPAA-standard format - abide by privacy and security standards.
The HIPAA privacy rule requires covered entities to provide patients with what is known as a “Notice of Privacy Practices” when care is first provided. A patient might receive this notice when visiting a walk-in clinic, for example. The privacy rule covers both paper and electronic private health information.
HIPAA also incorporates a security rule that goes farther than the privacy rule in that it covers administrative, physical, and technical data safeguards that must be enacted to secure EHR data. All of these should be outlined in the entity’s security policy.
Most privacy laws revolve around privacy between a person and the government.
According to Wikipedia, “The law of privacy regulates the type of information that can be collected and how this information may be used and stored.”
Privacy relates to people. For example, a patient’s visit to a doctor is private information.
Confidentiality is different from privacy. According to Wikipedia, “Confidentiality is commonly applied to conversations between doctors and patients. Legal protections prevent physicians from revealing certain discussions with patients, even under oath in court. The rule only applies to secrets shared between physician and patient during the course of providing medical care.”
We can infer from this that confidentiality relates to data, data shared between the health provider and the patient. Confidentiality, then, in this context, means that the things discussed with a doctor should remain between the patient and the doctor; they are confidential.
To put privacy and confidentiality in context, the fact that someone visited a doctor is private; what the patient and doctor discussed is confidential. Privacy and confidentiality are not mutually exclusive and each slightly overlaps the other in scope.
What steps can be taken to secure an EHR and its records?
It is possible to authenticate and authorize all access to electronic health records. Authorization involves permissions. Permissions limit who can view, change, and/or print medical records and electronic documents.
Additionally, all views of and changes to medical information should be recorded for audit.
As an example of permissions, a clerk would be able to view the dates and charges related to an office visit, but would not be able to view anything that details the treatment received or the information discussed between patient and doctor.
Nurses and doctors can view medical records only for patients under their direct care, but should not view medical records for patients not under their care.
An important point is that security outlines the structure through which privacy and confidentiality can be enforced. Putting in place security mechanisms such as requiring usernames and passwords; badges to open doors; and keys to open file cabinets, increases the probability of data privacy and confidentiality.
Device security is important in securing EHR and records.
Critical updates to computer operating systems should be applied immediately
Antivirus definitions should always be current
Physical access to servers that house medical data should be restricted
And finally, access to devices must be authenticated
Encryption can also help secure electronic communications. All communication between an EHR system and a destination device should be encrypted.
A client-server environment allows maintenance of a domain environment with a server that manages all devices and all objects.
User accounts should be configured in groups, and permissions must be provided to the groups.
Finally, organizations should implement network access protection mechanisms. For example, if a device attempts to connect to a network, the system should first examine the device to verify that it has had critical updates applied to its operating system. The system should then require that the device attempting to connect to the network has antivirus protection software installed and verify that its firewall is enabled.
EHR transmission over the Internet should require that either Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, or HTTPS, or secure web browsing be implemented for all web transactions. In other words, all communication over the Internet should be encrypted.
Additionally, all data entered into web forms should have to be validated before that data is stored in a database.
And, regular audits of data access and changes in medical records should be occurring.
Implementing redundant devices within the data environment helps ensure that devices are available as expected.
Having redundant devices allows system administrators to load-balance heavily used hardware devices. For example, rather than using only one server to store database records, an administrator can create a five-server cluster. Then, whichever server is the least busy can respond to requests for database records.
Administrators should prosecute security violations vigorously. If a hacker attacks a network, administrators should immediately report that activity to the authorities. Even internal violations should be pursued and offenders prosecuted. This would discourage others from taking the same actions.
Finally, EHR data must be backed up and stored securely.
Many of the concerns related to medical privacy exist because there are a number of EHR options available for use. If an individual uses a personal health record, or PHR system, this usually means that the individual maintains the record.
Notice that PHRs differ from EHR systems. PHRs are maintained by individuals and are usually not covered by HIPAA rules because individuals manage their own health record, not the company that is providing an individual with the ability to have the health record.
There are links on this slide for Microsoft Health Vault and WebMD’s Health Manager—two examples of available PHRs. Typically, these PHRs are free, allowing an individual to enter all of his or her medical information and share it with a doctor or medical personnel.
This is a good time to discuss ethical behavior online, some of which we’ve already touched on.
The very nature of the Internet is openness and accessibility. But when it comes to health care data, we all want our data to be accurate and secure.
We all know mistakes happen. Computer data can only be accurate if it was entered correctly in the first place. Occasionally medical codes may get transposed when being entered into an EHR, dosages can get mis-transcribed, or medical notes can be placed in the wrong patient’s chart. These types of mistakes, though undesirable, are understandable.
However, ethics become a question when someone’s intent is in conflict with known rules and regulations.
For example, it should be obvious that just because you could have access to someone’s medical records doesn’t mean you should go ahead and access them. But all you have to do is a simple Internet search on “celebrity HIPAA violations” to see that even medical professionals, who are trained in the importance of abiding by HIPAA, sometimes exercise poor judgment.
Websites, such as healthgrades.com allow users to post ratings about doctors, dentists, and hospitals. But who validates those ratings? How can a website ensure that what is posted is accurate? Could a medical professional be offering incentives for positive reviews? Should the website publishing the ratings be responsible for verifying the ratings it publishes? If so, how would this be done without violating a patient’s privacy?
If a server holding EHRs gets hacked and your personal health data gets shared on the Internet, what share of the responsibility should be assigned to your health care professional? To their IT department? To the service that was contracted to keep those records secure?
Entire courses are taught on the subject of ethical behavior when online. For now, as technology continues to be increasingly intertwined with health care, health care professionals must continue to question, debate, and examine ethics and ethical behavior in the context of the Internet. Resources are included in the References section of this presentation for those interested in learning more about ethical behavior online and health care.
This concludes lecture e of Security and Privacy.
In summary, this lecture:
Explained security and privacy concerns associated with Electronic Health Records
Described security safeguards used for health care applications
And, provided some thoughts on ethical behavior and the Internet
This also concludes the unit on Security and Privacy. In summary, this unit addressed the following topics:
Cybercrime and cybersecurity
Common IT security and privacy concerns
Hardware components usually attacked by hackers and the common methods of attack
Common types of malware
Social engineering methods used by cybercriminals
Methods and tools available for protection against cyberattacks
Practices designed to minimize the risk of successful cyberattack
Specifics of wireless device security
Security and privacy concerns associated with EHRs
Security safeguards used for health care applications
And, the basics of ethical behavior online