Section A Index like GNI, GNP and GDP and their variations estimate .pdf
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Section A: Index like GNI, GNP and GDP and their variations estimate the absolute and relative income of a country. These data create meaningful, first-order indicators of a country\'s performance and potential. Explain and compare the difference among GNI, GNP and GDP Solution GNI (Gross national income) : It is the sum of value added by all domestic producers plus any taxes (minus subsidies) not inlcluded in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees, interest payments , dividends) from abroad. GNP is equal to GDP plus income paid into the country by other countries for things as interest and dividends. GNP (Gross national product) : It is the total market value of all goods and services produced by domestic residents . It includes domestic residents earnings and investment abroad . It doesn\'t include earnings by foreign residents while inside the country. GDP (Gross national product): It is a total value of goods and services produced in the country within a given time period. It is equal to consumption, investment, government spending and net exports (exports-imports) . It includes earnings made by foreigners while inside the country.It doesn\'t not include earnings by its residents while outside of the country. GDP and GNI refers to the economic income within borders of the country while GNP refers to the economic income by the country\'s residents..
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Basic macroeconomics lecture notes 1
These points are taken from Macroeconomics Theory and Practice of HL Ahuja. The textbook is recommended for level course in Macro Economics offered to BS(BA) students in CIIT Attock.
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Business Economics Unit 5
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Indicicate the coordinaiton number of the metal and oxidation number.pdf
Indicicate the coordinaiton number of the metal and oxidation number of the metal as well as the
number and type of each donor atom of the ligands for the folloing complexes:
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[Pt(en)3](ClO4)4
[Co(en)2(C2O4)] +
Also, Likely coordination number of the metal in:
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Thanks.
Solution
1) Donar atom: Br; Oxidation number: +2; type: monodentate ligand, metal is Cd
2) Donar atom: en and ClO4; Oxidation number: +4; type: en is bidentate ligand, ClO4 is
monodentate ligand; metal is Pt
3) Donar atom: en and C2O4; Oxidation number: +3; type: en is neutal bidentate ligand, C2O4 is
bidentate ligand with -2 charge; metal : Co
4) Donar atom: EDTA and Br; Oxidation number: +3; type: EDTA is charged tetradentate ligand
(having -4 chagre), Br is charged monodentate ligand (having -1 charge)..
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Question No. 2 Describe how the Packet-Filtering Router filter data. [1 mark]
Solution
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blocking is done on source and destination address, ports, protocols. The Packet filtering is done
by a packet filter, which examines the header of each packet depending on specific set of rules
and then decides whether to prevent from passing it or allowing..
Indicicate the coordinaiton number of the metal and oxidation number.pdf
Indicicate the coordinaiton number of the metal and oxidation number of the metal as well as the
number and type of each donor atom of the ligands for the folloing complexes:
Na2[CdBr4]
[Pt(en)3](ClO4)4
[Co(en)2(C2O4)] +
Also, Likely coordination number of the metal in:
Na2[Co(EDTA)Br]
Thanks.
Solution
1) Donar atom: Br; Oxidation number: +2; type: monodentate ligand, metal is Cd
2) Donar atom: en and ClO4; Oxidation number: +4; type: en is bidentate ligand, ClO4 is
monodentate ligand; metal is Pt
3) Donar atom: en and C2O4; Oxidation number: +3; type: en is neutal bidentate ligand, C2O4 is
bidentate ligand with -2 charge; metal : Co
4) Donar atom: EDTA and Br; Oxidation number: +3; type: EDTA is charged tetradentate ligand
(having -4 chagre), Br is charged monodentate ligand (having -1 charge)..
QUESTION 12 12. An example of an error of presentation would be e.pdf
QUESTION 12 12. An example of an \"error of presentation\" would be e a. deliberate
suppression of a report o b. failure to account for biases O c. failure to account for exposure time
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Solution
answer of this question is ----(B) failure to account for Biases.
explanation--Presentation error means :-the data in your output is correct , but it is not formatted
in the proper way..
Please need help on C++ language.Infix to Postfix) Write a program.pdf
Please need help on C++ language.
Infix to Postfix) Write a program that converts an infix expression into an equivalent postfix
expression. The rules to convert an infix expression into an equivalent postfix expression are as
follows:
Initialize pfx to an empty expression and also initialize the stack.
Get the next symbol, sym, from infx.
If sym is an operand, append sym to pfx.
If sym is (, push sym into the stack.
If sym is ), pop and append all of the symbols from the stack until the most recent left
parentheses. Pop and discard the left parentheses.
If sym is an operator:
Pop and append all of the operators from the stack to pfx that are above the most recent left
parentheses and have precedence greater than or equal to sym.
Push sym onto the stack.
After processing infx, some operators might be left in the stack. Pop and append to pfx
everything from the stack.
In this program, you will consider the following (binary) arithmetic operators: +, -, *, and /.
You may assume that the expressions you will process are error free. Design a class that stores
the infix and postfix strings. The class must include the following operations:
getInfix: Stores the infix expression.
showInfix: Outputs the infix expression.
showPostfix: Outputs the postfix expression.
convertToPostfix: Converts the infix expression into a postfix expression. The resulting postfix
expression is stored in pfx.
precedence: Determines the precedence between two operators. If the first operator is of higher
or equal precedence than the second operator, it returns the value true; otherwise, it returns the
value false.
A + B - C;
(A + B ) * C;
(A + B) * (C - D);
A + ((B + C) * (E - F) - G) / (H - I);
A + B * (C + D ) - E / F * G + H;
Infix Expression: A+B-C;
Postfix Expression: AB+C-
Infix Expression: (A+B)*C;
Postfix Expression: AB+C*
Infix Expression: (A+B)*(C-D);
Postfix Expression: AB+CD-*
Infix Expression: A+((B+C)*(E-F)-G)/(H-I);
Postfix Expression: ABC+EF-*G-HI-/+
Infix Expression: A+B*(C+D)-E/F*G+H;
Postfix Expression: ABCD+*+EF/G*-H+
PLEASE PROVIDE FOLLOWING.
A UML diagram for your class.
The header file for your class.
The implementation file for your class.
The source code for your test program.
Solution
#include
using namespace std;
const int MAX = 50 ;
class InfixToPostfix
{
private :
char target[MAX], stack[MAX] ;
char *s, *t ;
int top ;
public :
InfixToPostfix( ) ;
void getInfix ( char *str ) ;
void showInfix () ;
void push ( char c ) ;
char pop( ) ;
void convertToPostfix( ) ;
int precedence ( char c ) ;
void showPostfix( ) ;
void Delete();
} ;
InfixToPostfix :: InfixToPostfix( )
{
top = -1 ;
strcpy ( target, \"\" ) ;
strcpy ( stack, \"\" ) ;
t = target ;
s = \"\" ;
}
void InfixToPostfix :: getInfix ( char *str )
{
s = str ;
}
void InfixToPostfix :: showInfix ( )
{
cout<<\"Infix Expression :\"<= precedence ( *s ) )
{
*t = opr ;
t++ ;
opr = pop( ) ;
}
push ( opr ) ;
push ( *s ) ;
}
else
push ( *s ) ;
s++ ;
}
if ( *s == \')\' )
{
opr = pop( ) ;
while ( ( opr ) != \.
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the juice before and after mixing carbon dioxide? Can you give any tentative explanation to
this?):
Solution
It is being observed that the juice colour before adding of CO2 will be normal light colour but
after adding of CO2 gas the colour will change to Yellow in colour from the original one along
with the high amount of buzz formation in the juice.. !!
It I due to the formation of more and more acid in the juice whre the CO2 reacts with the juice
water content to form acid.. More acid means more colour change with buzz formation..!!.
Name at least three major contributions of Islamic mathematicians..pdf
Name at least three major contributions of Islamic mathematicians.
Solution
1) . Muhammad Al-Khwarizmi : He had a major role of hindu numerical system 1 - 9 and
zero(0) and and created a revolution in islamic mathematics and adopted by complete islamic
countries.
2) . Arab Thabit ibn Qurra : Discovered amicable numbers
amicable numbers are pairs of numbers for which the sum of the divisors of one number equals
the other number, e.g. the proper divisors of 220 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 20, 22, 44, 55 and 110, of
which the sum is 284; and the proper divisors of 284 are 1, 2, 4, 71, and 142, of which the sum is
220
3) . Abul Hasan al-Uqlidisi
showing the positional use of Arabic numerals, and particularly the use of decimals instead of
fractions (e.g. 7.375 insead of 738).
Module 02 Discussion - Domestic ContainmentDiscuss the concept of .pdf
Module 02 Discussion - Domestic Containment
Discuss the concept of \"domestic containment\". How did this concept operate in 1950\'s-1960\'s
America? Why was it destined to ultimately fail? Give an example of one of the values present in
domestic containment, and explain why it did not apply to the increasingly independent youth
culture during the 1960\'s.
Please respond to another student\'s post!
By. Mr. Miller
Domestic containment is a concept promoted by our government after WWII to encourage
uniformity in American households. It painted a picture where the father provided the income for
the family, the mother stayed home to care for the household, and the children were obedient.
The belief was that providing this stable environment would prevent unwanted influences, such
as communism, from permeating our society.
it was destined to fail because it was a ludicrous concept, that, if anything, probably bred
discontent that ultimately evolved into greater acts of protest, particularly with the youth of the
era. The government wanted to create a sense of conformity in our society with this, but as the
1960\'s dawned, the younger generations started to question certain aspects of our society.
Things like civil rights and our involvement in Vietnam led prompted many protests, and
illustrated the discontent that many had with the status quo of our society.
One of the values within domestic containment was that women should stay home to take care of
the household and raise the children. Women\'s rights became another rallying point in the
1960\'s as a second wave of feminism took hold, with reproductive rights and pay inequality
being key issues. These women had spent their lives being told what they could or couldn\'t do,
and they were tired of having their lives dictated to them.
Solution
Concept of domestic containment :- It is a concept promoted after World war 2nd in US to
encouratt certain uniformity in households. It promoted discipline within family by a painted
picture which shows father who is the head of the family who provides income for the family,
mother who takes care of family as a housewife and children who are discipline to the
parents.The belief of domestic containment was to showcase a stable environment and motivate
others to follow the same and that will.rile out unwanted though or agressions like communism.
It destined to ultimately fail.because of change in social economic culture .The youth didnt
accept this theory and considered as ludicrous.People started fighting for their rights rather than
blindly follow the theories proposed by government.
During 1960\'s major protest was from youth and women\'s . As per domestic containment theory
women are supposed to help household things and are not supposed to go for work. It create a
hindrance to chase their dreams .Also for you they were not supposed to raise voice against
government for holding their rights .This theory of domestic containment become ludicrous
because of it .
How to do problem 15.16 Find a function f R rightarrow R^+ that i.pdf
How to do problem 15.16 ? Find a function f: R rightarrow R^+ that is one-to-one.
Solution
f(x)=x is one to one function
Because for every value of x in domain has unique distinct image in range.
Here domain R is given but codomain is R+
Hence some of the elements of domain are left out in order to satisfy one to one function
specification.
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Fill in the table below for the molecules shown. HCI Ar (atom) Ethane, C2Ho # total modes #
translational modes # rotational modes # vibrational modes
Solution
Argon : 3 (translational) + 0(rotational) + 0(vibrational)
= 3(total)
HCl : 3(translational) + 2(rotational) + 1(vibrational - high T)
= 6(total - high T)
C2H6 : 3(translational) + 3(rotational).
How financial reporting for public companies has changed since the E.pdf
How financial reporting for public companies has changed since the Enron scandal in 2001.
Solution
Enron Scandal 2001
Enron a global Gas and Energy company incorporated in Omaha Nebraska and once
distinguished as the Nation’s 7th largest company. Listed on Forbs Fortune 500 as being among
the wealthiest companies listed on the stock exchange. Through this accumulation of “wealth”
Enron at one point held a robust market valuation, which was higher other large global
companies like AT&T. Many would call Enron a company that was “too big to fail”; this was
due to the company’s reported revenue milestone accomplishment of 100 billion dollars.
But what made the Enron scandal so compelling was the fact that it brought down accounting
giant Arthur Andersen too. It was a truly amazing situation, a conflation of corporate
wrongdoing which would change the accounting world forever.
Changes In Financial Reporting and Other Changes due to Enron Scandal 2001
SOX includes several gatekeeper provisions:
Requiring a company’s board of directors to have an Audit Committee composed solely of
independent directors.
Making the Audit Committee responsible for the appointment, compensation, and oversight of
the outside auditor and for establishing procedures for the confidential, anonymous submission
by company employees of concerns about accounting or auditing practices.
Creating a new agency, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), to
strengthen the outside audit function. The PCAOB sets standards involving auditing, quality
control, ethics, and audit reports and has authority to inspect, investigate, and discipline
registered public accounting firms.
Requiring attorneys who practice before the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to
report material violations of the securities laws to a company’s chief legal officer or chief
executive officer. If those officers do not respond in an appropriate manner, the attorney is then
required to report the violations to the Audit Committee of the board or to another committee
composed solely of independent directors.
Enhance Regulatory Protections
Federal and state securities regulators and self-regulatory organizations play an important and
necessary role in corporate governance. They wield a broad and powerful array of sanctions, and
their enforcement actions serve as a strong deterrent against wrongdoing. The SEC’s
enforcement priorities, reflected in public speeches by its Commissioners and staff, help shape
corporate conduct.
Increase in Regulations after Sarbanes Oxley
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act initiated stringent regulations. The Act was composed of sixty-six
sections, some long and others short. Each section dealt with a different part of the reporting
cycle (Schaeffer, 2006). These sections are contained within eleven titles, primarily dealing with
the issue of internal control. The eleven titles of SOX are as follows: Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board, auditor independence, corporate respo.
Hello everyone,Im working on my fast food order project program..pdf
Hello everyone,
I\'m working on my fast food order project program. So far my program works perfectly. Now,
my instructor is requiring me to use GUI interface on my program. I have tryed but it has been
impossible. Can you please guys give a hand with this. Here is my program code:
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
//Interface
interface Restaurant
{
//Method that adds items to order.
void addItem();
}
//class that contains item\'s menu and prices.
class ItemsMenu{
Restaurant[] Menu = {
new CheeseBurger(4.45),
new ChickenBurger(5.25),
new SuperHotDog(3.55),
new MiniHotDog(2.99),
new Fries(1.75),
new OnionRings(1.75),
new Soda(1.55),
new BottleWater(1.25)};
//Method that display menu and receipt.
void Menu()
{
Scanner CashierInput = new Scanner(System.in);
DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat(\"0.00\");
Date dateCreated = new Date();
//Declaring variables.
int Choice = 0;
int ItemNum = 0;
double Tax = 0;
double NYTax = 8.78;
double SubTotal = 0;
double Total = 0;
double TotalFinal = 0;
//Printing menu options.
System.out.println(\"\ /*/*/*/*/*/*/*/*/ Mac King Fast Food /*/*/*/*/*/*/*/*/\");
System.out.println(\" \ Burgers:\" + \" \" + \"Side Orders: \");
System.out.println(\" 1. CheeseBurger $\" + df.format(((CheeseBurger) Menu[0]).cheeseBurger)
+ \" \" + \"5. Fries $\" + df.format(((Fries) Menu[4]).fries));
System.out.println(\" 2. ChickenBurger $\" + df.format(((ChickenBurger)
Menu[1]).chickenBurger) + \" \" + \"6. Onion Rings $\" + df.format(((OnionRings)
Menu[5]).onionRings));
System.out.println(\" \ Hot Dogs:\" + \" \" + \"Beverages: \");
System.out.println(\" 3. Super HotDog $\" + df.format(((SuperHotDog) Menu[2]).superHotDog)
+ \" \" + \"7. Soda $\" + df.format(((Soda) Menu[6]).soda));
System.out.println(\" 4. Mini HotDog $\" + df.format(((MiniHotDog) Menu[3]).miniHotDog) +
\" \" + \"8. Bottle of Water $\" + df.format(((BottleWater) Menu[7]).bottleWater));
//Loop to get order choice from user.
do {
if (Choice != 0)
{
System.out.print(\" !!Enter (0) to finish Order!!\ \");
}
System.out.print(\" \ Enter menu selection: \");
Choice = CashierInput.nextInt();
//Printing choices added.
//Counting items added.
//Counting number of items added.
//Calculating subtotal.
if (Choice == 1)
{
System.out.println(\"\ CheeseBurger added\");
SubTotal = ((CheeseBurger) Menu[0]).cheeseBurger;
Menu[0].addItem();
++CheeseBurger.cheeseBCount;
++ItemNum;
Total = Total + SubTotal;
System.out.println(\"Current Subtotal $\" + (df.format(Total)));
}
else if (Choice == 2)
{
System.out.println(\"\ ChickenBurger added\");
SubTotal = ((ChickenBurger) Menu[1]).chickenBurger;
Menu[1].addItem();
++ChickenBurger.chickenBCount;
++ItemNum;
Total = Total + SubTotal;
System.out.println(\"Current Subtotal $\" + (df.format(Total)));
}
else if (Choice == 3)
{
System.out.println(\"\ Super HotDog added\");
SubTotal = ((SuperHotDog) Menu[2]).superHotDog;
Menu[2].addItem();
++SuperHotDog.superHotDogCount;
++ItemN.
Give the examples of network core devices Give the examples of physic.pdf
Give the examples of network core devices Give the examples of physical media? Are they
network core or network edge devices? What is queuing delay and packet loss?
Solution
Answer 3:
Example of Network core devices:
There are many core devices such as gateways, routers, network bridges, modems, networking
cables, line drivers, switches, hubs, and repeaters in networks.
Gateways : Gateways are also called protocol converters, can operate at any network layer. A
gateway is a router in a computer network.
Or we can say that, a major key stopping point for the data on its way to or from other networks,
because of gateways, we are able to communicate and send data back.
Routers : A router is a networking device that can forwards data packets between computer in
networks. Routers do perform the traffic controlling or directing functions on the Internet.
A data packet is forwarded from one router to another router, through the networks that have the
internetwork until it reaches its destination computer or node.
Bridge : A network bridge is a device that connects a local area network (LAN) to another LAN
that uses the same protocol as Ethernet or token ring or any other.
Modems : A modem is a network device or a program, that enables a computer to transmit data
over networking cables, for example : telephone or cable lines or any other.
Computer informations are stored in form of digital, whereas information transmitted over
telephone lines. it is transmitted in the form of analog waves.
Answer 4:
physical media: It is refers to the physical materials that are used to transmit information in data
communications. It is called as physical media because
the media is generally a physical object like as copper or glass. that can be touched and felt, and
it also has physical properties like as weight, color and thikness.
there are many physical devices like as:
1. Twisted pair cables - Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and many
business computers to the telephone company.
There Wire are twisted to avoid crosstalk or any interference for instance, electromagnetic
radiation from cables, and crosstalk between neighboring pairs.
there are two types of Twisted pair cable like as:
a. shielded Twisted pair cable
b. unshielded Twisted pair cable.
2. Coaxial cables - it is the kind of copper cable used by cable TV companies. it is used in
between of antenna and homes and businesses. Coaxial cable is also used by telephone
companies.
Coaxial cable is also called as coax. it is a type of cable that has an inner conductor surrounded
by a tubular insulating layer, an above of that
surrounded by a tubular conducting shield. Many coaxial cables also have an insulating outer
sheath or jacket.
3. fiber optics:it is medium or technology associated with the transmission of information as light
form along a glass or plastic wire or fiber. Fiber optic cables allow to carries much more
information than conventional copper wire and is safer in term of.
For a binary search tree that has a Node with three elements, data, a.pdf
For a binary search tree that has a Node with three elements, data, a leftchild pointer and a
rightChild pointer, write the Java code for a recursive find method that accepts a temporary node
and has this signature: private boolean find(Node currentNode, E toFind) {
Solution
private boolean find(Node currentNode, int toFind)
{
if (currentNode != null)
{
}
else
{
private boolean find(Node currentNode, int toFind)
{
if (currentNode != null)
{// check if current node has the element we are looking forif (currentNode.data == toFind)
return true;
}
else
{// check if the sub treesreturn find(currentNode.left, toFind) || find(currentNode.right,
toFind);}}return false;}.
Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the segment connecting points.pdf
Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the segment connecting points (xi,n) and (2,32)
Solution
The cordinates of the midpoint of the segment connecting 2 points is basically the average of
each cordinate.
Here\' the 2 cordinates are end points of a line segment, take their average to get the midpoint
cordinate
Therefore, the midpoint cordinate is (x1+x2)/2 , (y1+y2)/2.
Each student is to prepare a 3-5 page paper on a project on ONE of t.pdf
Each student is to prepare a 3-5 page paper on a project on ONE of the following course
objectives.
Describe emerging perspectives on ethics and corporate governance.
Identify and describe the needs-based perspectives on motivation.
Relate motivation and employee performance.
Discuss the nature of creativity and relate it to decision making and problem solving.
Describe the types and uses of power in organizations.
Define “organization culture” and explain how it affects employee behavior, and understand its
historical roots.
Solution
Ethics are considered as an asset to the workplace and they provide a properly organised working
structure for the organisation. Employee relationship and high morals ensure better productivity
and efficiency of the organisations while maintaining the cultural diversity of the organisation.
Ethics are necessary to maintain a happy working environment which is beneficial for each and
every employee inside the organisation to maintain a more specified way of working. Bi
implementation of different ethics and code of conduct, level of implementation of different
strategies can be easily done as ethics provide a harmonious working environment. It helps in
maintaining in ethical position for environment in workplace which directly increases its
compatibility towards the society and increases the efficiency of the organisation.
Corporate culture is very essential in defining and formulating a strategy for an organisation.
According to the organisational culture, dependencies of strategies are changed. Corporate
culture define the type of strategies which is needed for the organisation in the meantime.
Different aspects of diversity as well as cultural and corporate needs of the organisation effects
the formulation of an strategy. Decisions which affect the organisational equity and interferes in
the organisations management are usually excluded from strategy formulation different people in
the corporate culture also effects the formulation of the strategy and their effect is reflected on
the strategies which are created .
Motivational theory is divided into the following influencing factors.
Mastery goals
Buy successfully learning the overall scenario of the specific training programs and determining
the needs I had successfully implemented a plant which directly influence the company is over
on productivity towards a specific training program. By having an ability to analyse the situation
at the current time I have mastered the specific training program and have provided most
productive trainees to the organisation.
By having mustard in specific situations in which the training is been provided for example I was
carrying out the training in the order in the audio department which required special hearing as
well as skills.
Performance goals
By providing constant performance in the training program as well as provision of quality
services towards the trainees was one of my main goals for attending the performance trai.
describe two processes by which evolution can occur. explain why.pdf
describe two processes by which evolution can occur.
explain why
Solution
There are plenty of processes are present, which leads to evolution. for example: Mutation,
migration, genetic drift, Selection (Natural and artificial) etc.
1. Mutation is the change in the sequence in DNA (herdiatery material of life). An organism\'s
DNA affects how it looks, how it behaves, and its physiology — all aspects of its life. So a
change in an organism\'s DNA can cause changes in all aspects of its life. it can be beneficial,
neutral, or harmful for the organism.
2. Migration, also known as gene flow, is any movement of individual, that carry genetic
material from one population to other. For example: pollen being blown to a destination or
people migrates to new cities. If gene versions are carried to a population where those gene
versions previously did not exist, gene flow can be a very important source of genetic variation..
Develop a structure chart for student asking diploma in university a.pdf
Develop a structure chart for student asking diploma in university after graduation of Diagram-0.
Your structure chart must automate all processes, data flows and data stores shown on Level-0.
Your completed structure chart will have at least three layers (one top-layer module, several
middle-layer modules, and several third-layer (or leaves) modules, which capture inputs/outputs,
interact with data stores or other common subroutines
Solution
This should be easy, if you have a leveled set of data flow diagrams available.
Start with the context diagram, then repeat the following step for as long as possible (that is, as
long as processes that are specified by lower level diagrams exist on the diagram you\'ve
obtained).
Choose a process on your diagram that\'s specified by a lower level data flow diagram, instead of
a process specification. ``Cut and paste,\'\' replacing this process by the simpler processes (and
any data stores) in the lower level data flow diagram. Since the conservation of flow rule was
used if the leveled set of data flow diagrams was correctly prepared, you should be able to
``match up\'\' the data flows to and from the process being replaced, by the data flow diagrams
into and out of the processes you\'re adding to replace it.
It should now be the case that all the processes on your diagram are refined by process
specifications, and not by lower level data flow diagrams. You\'re ready for the next step.
Choose this case if the diagram is ``nontrivial\'\' - it includes four or more processes - and it is
easy to split it up into pieces that represent ``subsystems,\'\' such that there is virtually no (direct)
communication between subsystems, and the entire system works by invoking each of these
subsystems, one at a time.
In the ``Student Information System\'\' that will eventually follow, we\'ll see that the diagram we
start with has this property. In particular, it will include a ``startup\'\' process that can be
considered to be one subsystem, which reads system data from a text file, and initializes data
areas - and which is actively ony once, when the system is initiated. All the other processes in the
system form a subsystem that repeatedly requests and obtains a user\'s command and executes it.
This second ``subsystem\'\' is only activated after the first ``subsystem\'\' terminates. While the
two subsystems share information indirectly, in the sense that the second subsystem uses the data
areas that the first set up, the only direct communication between the two ``subsystems\'\' is the
transmission of a control signal from the first subsystem to the second.
Transaction Flow
A nontrivial data flow diagram exhibits transaction flow if there is one process in the diagram - a
transaction center - that results in multiple data streams flowing out of the transaction center.
Each of these data streams corresponds to a major subsystem. Typically, each time the
transaction center is activated, it responds by triggering activit.
Consider the following model of a very simple economy. Household savi.pdf
Consider the following model of a very simple economy. Household saving and investment
behavior depend in part on wealth (accumulated sevings and inheritance). In the late 190s many
were concerned with very large increases in stock values (a form of wealth) and its possible
effect on saving arnd investment. The telliowing consumption function incorporates wealn ) as a
determinant ot consumpton We have the tollowing intormation on consumption (C) and
investment I = 200 W- 1,200 Wo are igrioring e fect hat saving adds to the stock of wealth
Calculate the values of equilibrium Y, C, and saving (S) (Enteryour responses as integers) Y:?
Solution
Y = C + I
Y = 50 + 0.80Y + 0.10W + 200
0.20Y = 250 + 0.10 x 1200
0.2Y = 250 + 120
0.2Y = 370
Y = 1850
C = 50 + 0.8(1850) + 0.10(1200)
C = 50 + 1480 + 120
C = 1650
S = Y - C = 1850 - 1650
S = 200.
Assembly ProgramngCan the upper 16 bits of the four 32 bit general.pdf
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Can the upper 16 bits of the four 32 bit general registers in the x86 architecture be addressed
directly? (Yes or No and why)
Solution
Yes the upper 16 bits of the four 32 bit general registers in the x86 architecture be addressed
directly. The main registers (except instruction pointer) are \"general-purpose\" in the 32-bit and
64-bit versions of the instruction set and can be used for anything, They can be used for : AL/AH
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A) How does the ability of the ligand to cross the plasma membrane d.pdf
A) How does the ability of the ligand to cross the plasma membrane determine where the
receptors for that ligand will be located? B) Compare the signaling transduction pathway of a
hydrophobic ligand with that of a hydrophilic ligand.
Solution
The term ligand means a molecule bind to another molecule usually larger one.In cells a
molecule binds to a receptor is called a ligand which alters the shape and ability of the receptor
protein and a cascade of events are initiated results in cell signalling.Polar ligands(hydrophilic)
are usually large and cannot cross the pasma membrane they usually binds to the protein
receptors on the plasma membrane ,short half life and can be stored in vescles.Transported freely
through blood plasma and rapid reponse whereas non polar ligands(hydrophobic) cross the
membrane and binds to receptors in cytoplasm or nucleus.Half life is long ; cannot be stored so
synthesize when needed.Need a carrier to transported through the blood.Response is very slow..
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