Colonialism led to uneven development between colonial powers and their colonies. Colonial powers like the UK, Netherlands, and France exploited colonies for raw materials to fuel their own industrialization. While colonial powers developed advanced technologies and industries, colonies mainly developed infrastructure to facilitate exporting raw materials. This caused development to widen between the more developed colonial powers and underdeveloped colonies that remained dependent on exporting raw materials.

1. Why does uneven development exist?

2. Who is he?

3. Historical reason

4. Singapore's flag during British Colonial Period (1946-1959)

7. Colonialism The domination of a more powerful country over another country. Dominated country as the colony The more powerful country as the colonial power.

8. Colonialism Colonial Master United Kingdom Netherlands France Colony India Indonesia Vietnam

9. Colonialism Colonial power wanted to obtain raw materials which could not be found or grown in their own countries due to different climate conditions Therefore resulted in a strong relationship between colonial power and their colonies.

12. Coffee bean

13. Cocoa

14. Cotton

15. Colonialism With advancement of technology, colonial powers were able to add value to these raw materials by converting them into useful products. And sold them a higher price for profit. Colonial power became richer and developed their economy to become developed countries.

16. Colonialism In colonies, development was slow. Even though there was development in infrastructure (roads & railways) to facilitate the movement of cash crops. However, other aspects were not developed such as education and environment sustainability Therefore colonies remained poor.

17. Colonialism The disparity in development continued to widen as the DCs continued to develop technology and industrialize further While the former colonies continued to export low-value raw materials from which they gained little profit.

26. Presence of raw materials Countries with plenty raw materials tend to develop faster than countries that have a few or none. Money earned from selling raw materials can be spend on projects to develop the country. Infrastructure Housing Water treatment plant Sewage system

34. What do you think of the sanitation ? Is it hygienic?

37. Do you dare to use the toilet bowl?

40. Climate Which is the best climate to grow crops? Temperate or tropical?

41. Where is the best location to grow crops?

42. Technology Advancement in technology can overcome many limitations. Reclaimed lands Not enough land Terracing Mountainous areas Greenhouse Control the temperature Irrigation Lack of rainfall High-tech farming Overcome infertile soil

49. What method did Singapore used? Seabed had to be made stable by columns of sand (piles) to ensure land will not collapse.

50. Landfill method A sand wall will be built to keep out sea water

51. Landfill method The sand at the bottom will be removed and spread it around the area.

52. Landfill method The sand is compressed and a granite wall is built by the seaside to prevent erosion

53. Landfill method Vegetation are grown to prevent soil erosion

54. Empoldering A dike is constructed around the area to be reclaimed to keep water from coming in.

55. Empoldering The area is drained using pumps and drainage canals.

56. Empoldering Reeds, a type of plant are sown by aircraft to help the soil form.

57. Empoldering After 3 years, the reeds are burnt and the ash is used as fertilizers for the soil.

58. Empoldering After 15 years, the polder is ready for growing crops, building houses and construction of roads.

67. Aeroponics

68. Uncontrollable Climate Floods Droughts

73. Economic reasons Cumulative causation / multiplier effect Development of new industry in the core Increase in employment and population Increase in general wealth of people in the core New businesses are set up; existing businesses expand Increase in demand for goods and services Expansion of infrastructure and services to meet increasing needs of people

74. Economic reasons Backwash effect Core Periphery Core Periphery Labour & materials Wealth & knowledge Backwash effect Spread effect