Sea Level Rise Is a Threat to Mangroves and Their Ecosystem Service
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Presented by Dan Friess at Blue Carbon Summit, on 17-18 July 2018 in Jakarta, Indonesia
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Sea Level Rise Is a Threat to Mangroves and Their Ecosystem Service
- 1. dan.friess@nus.edu.sg www.themangrovelab.com Dan Friess Associate Professor National University of Singapore
- 2. - Zonation dependent on species-specific tolerance to flooding Watson, 1928. The Malayan Forester
- 3. MEAN SEA LEVEL So what happens to this relationship if mean sea level changes? >4800 trees surveyed in Mandai mangrove, Singapore MEAN SEA LEVEL Leong et al. 2018. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 202, 185-192.
- 4. Rate of Sea Level Rise MANGROVE EXPANSION MANGROVE LOSS Surface x Sealevel Rateofsurfaceelevationchange ✓Sealevel Surface
- 6. Sungei Buloh, Singapore Trang, SW Thailand
- 8. Advantages Relatively cheap (~$5000 per site) Easy to measure by scientists, government researchers, community
- 9. 2009
- 10. Java, Indonesia Singapore VietnamThailand Cambodia West Papua, Indonesia Philippines Malaysia Sumatra, Indonesia Philippines Bali, Indonesia 2018 69% of these sites are currently NOT keeping up with sea level rise
- 11. Lovelock et al. 2015. Nature 526, 559-563. 0.48 m SLR by 2100 (IPCC AR5 RCP6) Colour = year of mangrove forest submergence
- 12. Lovelock et al. 2015. Nature 526, 559-563. Colour = year of mangrove forest submergence 1.4 m SLR by 2100
- 13. Huge push for reservoirs along the Mekong river, from China to Vietnam, with as many as 133 dams proposed Sediment reduction from 40-50% (15 dams as planned) to 75-100% (82 dams)1 Other deltas at risk include Chao Praya, Thailand (~85% reduction), Ayeyarwaddy, Myanmar (30%), Hong Ma, Vietnam (76%) 2,3 1 Mekong River Commission, Sediment Expert Group. 2 Syvitski et al. 2009. Nature Geoscience 2, 681-686. 3 Gupta et al. 2012. Journal of Hydrology 464, 447-458.
- 14. Mangroves and their ecosystem services are threatened by sea level rise Mangrove can keep pace with sea level rise, if we give them a chance Coastal and river management is crucial for the future of mangroves We need to increase our monitoring to show areas at risk and focus management Terima kasih