The document discusses how genetic information is organized in chromosomes and genes in a way that is analogous to how instructions for building a house are organized in chapters and sections of books. Each chromosome contains thousands of genes, which are like chapters that provide instructions for specific traits. The genes are written in DNA as a sequence of four chemical bases (A, T, G, C) in the same way that words are written using an alphabet.

1. *Roof Carpets Walls Wooden Floors Kitchens Wine Cellar Bathrooms Bedrooms Curtains Painting *Gardens Electrics Lighting Furniture If I wanted to build a house I would need some instructions on all these different parts.

2. Roofing Chapter 1 Making beams. Chapter 2 Making tiles. Chapter 3 Making Cement. …………..etc Back to the book case

3. Gardens Chapter 1 Flower beds. Chapter 2 Grass. Chapter 3 Ponds. …………..etc Back to the book case

4. Building Organisms is a lot like building houses. Just follow the instructions But where do we keep these…? We have our own bookshelf

5. Each Chromosome = Book Each Chapter = Gene Humans have 46 Chromosomes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 * 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 * 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46

6. Let’s Take a Look at Chromosome 11 Chromosome Number 11 Around 1,300 – 1,700 Chapters One chapter tells us how to make up red blood cells. We’ll be coming back to this chapter later in the module. Back to the human bookcase

7. The only difference in our bodies the chapters are all mixed up. Let’s look at chromosome 19 Chromosome Number 19 Again around 1,300 – 1,700 Chapters One chapter tells us what colour to make our eyes. Another chapter tells us what colour to make our hair. Back to the human bookcase

8. You’ve been sat for too long Break out the beads! Design your own chromosome – You can include any genes you want. Mr Johnson’s Chromosome Brown – Gene for hair colour Green – Gene for eye colour Purple – Gene for tooth length (perfect in my case Yellow – Gene for nose shape (again perfect)

9. Let’s get real for a minute What is this stuff DNA?

10. How is this information written in these books? All organisms instructions are written in the same alphabet. Very simple – Only 4 letters A,T,G,C So one Gene (Chapter) might look like this -

11. CAGTACAGTACTGACTACATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATGCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGCGACGACCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAATCGATCGATCGATCGATCTAGTCGATCGATGCACGACTACTACATCAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCATCGATGCATCGATCATCGACGATTATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCGACCACACACGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAGTACGATCGACGATCACTAGCATCGATCGATCGATTTTTTTTTTAAAAAAAATATAATATATTTTTTTTTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTATCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGACACGAGTCAGTGCAGGCTGTGTCGTGTGTTGTACCACACCACATCTGCAGTACTGATACTACGACACTATATATTATCATCGATCATCGAGCTATCATCATCATGCACGACTACTACATCAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCATCGATGCATCGATCATCGACGATTATTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCGACCACACACGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAATTTTAAAAAAAATATAATATATTTTTTTTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTATCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGACACGAGTCAGTGGATCGGGGGGGGGCGACGACCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAATCGATCGATCGATCGATCTAGTCGATCGATGCACGACTACTACATCAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCATCGATGCATCGATCATCGACGATTATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCGACCACACACGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAGTACGATCGACGATCACTAGCATCGATCGATCGATTTTTTTTTTAAAAAAAATATAATATATTTTTTTTTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTATCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGACACGAGTCAGTGCAGGCTGTGTCGTGTGTTGTACCACACCACATCTGCAGTACTGATACTACGACACTATATATTATCATCGATCATCGAGCTATCATCATCATGCACGACTACTACATCAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCATCGATGCATCGATCATCGACGATTATTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCGACCACACACGGGGGGGGCCCCAAATATAATATATTTTTTTTTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGACACGAGTCAGTGCAGGCTGTGTCGTGTGTTGTACCTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTATCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGACACGAGTCAGTGCAGGCTGTGTCGTGTGTTGTACCACACCACATCTGCAGTACTGATACTACGACACTATATATTATCATCGATCATCGAGCTATCATCATCATGCACGACTACTACATCAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCATCGATGCATCGATCATCGACGATTATTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCGACCACACACGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAATTTTAAAAAAAATATAATATATTTTTTTTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTATCATCGATCGACAGTACAGTACTGACTACATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATGCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGCGACGACCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAATCGATCGATCGATCGATCTAGTCGATCGATGCACGACTACTACATCAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCATCGATGCATCGATCATCGACGATTATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCGACCACACACGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAGTACGATCGACGATCACTAGCATCGATCGATCGATTTTTTTTTTAAAAAAAATATAATATATTTTTTTTTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTATCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGACACGAGTCAGTGCAGGCTGTGTCGTGTGTTGTACCACACCACATCTGCAGTACTGATACTACGACACTATATATTATCATCGATCATCGAGCTATCATCATCATGCACGACTACTACATCAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCATCGATGCATCGATCATCGACGATTATTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCGACCACACACGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAATTTTAAAAAAAATATAATATATTTTTTTTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTATCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGACACGAGTCAGTGGATCGGGGGGGGGCGACGACCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAATCGATCGATCGATCGATCTAGTCGATCGATGCACGACTACTACATCAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCATCGATGCATCGATCATCGACGATTATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCGACCACACACGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAGTACGATCGACGATCACTAGCATCGATCGATCGATTTTTTTTTTAAAAAAAATATAATATATTTTTTTTTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTATCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGACACGAGTCAGTGCAGGCTGTGTCGTGTGTTGTACCACACCACATCTGCAGTACTGATACTACGACACTATATATTATCATCGATCATCGAGCTATCATCATCATGCACGACTACTACATCAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCATCGATGCATCGATCATCGACGATTATTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCGACCACACACGGGGGGGGCCCCAAATATAATATATTTTTTTTTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGACACGAGTCAGTGCAGGCTGTGTCGTGTGTTGTACCTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTATCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGACACGAGTCAGTGCAGGCTGTGTCGTGTGTTGTACCACACCACATCTGCAGTACTGATACTACGACACTATATATTATCATCGATCATCGAGCTATCATCATCATGCACGACTACTACATCAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCATCGATGCATCGATCATCGACGATTATTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCGACCACACACGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAATTTTAAAAAAAATATAATATATTTTTTTTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTATCATCGATCGACAGTACAGTACTGACTACATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATGCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGCGACGACCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAATCGATCGATCGATCGATCTAGTCGATCGATGCACGACTACTACATCAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCATCGATGCATCGATCATCGACGATTATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCGACCACACACGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAGTACGATCGACGATCACTAGCATCGATCGATCGATTTTTTTTTTAAAAAAAATATAATATATTTTTTTTTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTATCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGACACGAGTCAGTGCAGGCTGTGTCGTGTGTTGTACCACACCACATCTGCAGTACTGATACTACGACACTATATATTATCATCGATCATCGAGCTATCATCATCATGCACGACTACTACATCAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCATCGATGCATCGATCATCGACGATTATTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCGACCACACACGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAATTTTAAAAAAAATATAATATATTTTTTTTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTATCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGACACGAGTCAGTGGATCGGGGGGGGGCGACGACCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAATCGATCGATCGATCGATCTAGTCGATCGATGCACGACTACTACATCAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCATCGATGCATCGATCATCGACGATTATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCGACCACACACGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAGTACGATCGACGATCACTAGCATCGATCGATCGATTTTTTTTTTAAAAAAAATATAATATATTTTTTTTTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTATCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGACACGAGTCAGTGCAGGCTGTGTCGTGTGTTGTACCACACCACATCTGCAGTACTGATACTACGACACTATATATTATCATCGATCATCGAGCTATCATCATCATGCACGACTACTACATCAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCATCGATGCATCGATCATCGACGATTATTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCGACCACACACGGGGGGGGCCCCAAATATAATATATTTTTTTTTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGACACGAGTCAGTGCAGGCTGTGTCGTGTGTTGTACCTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTATCATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGATCGACACGAGTCAGTGCAGGCTGTGTCGTGTGTTGTACCACACCACATCTGCAGTACTGATACTACGACACTATATATTATCATCGATCATCGAGCTATCATCATCATGCACGACTACTACATCAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCATCGATGCATCGATCATCGACGATTATTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCGACCACACACGGGGGGGGCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAATTTTAAAAAAAATATAATATATTTTTTTTTCGGGGGGGGGGATCAGCTACGATCGATCGATCGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGCTACGATCGATCGATCATCGTAGCTAGCTAGCTAGCTATCATCGATCGA So one Gene (Chapter) in the Chromosome (Book) might be written like this -