1) Sound waves are patterns of disturbance caused by energy traveling through a medium like air or water from a vibrating object, creating variations in pressure.
2) Sound waves are called longitudinal waves because the medium's particles vibrate parallel to the direction of propagation.
3) Sound has many uses including entertainment, medicine, cleaning, generating electricity, and art and is an important aspect of human communication and understanding our environment.
This presentation is about the introduction and characteristics of sound. Including the subtopic on the Pressure and Intensity of sound waves, Pitch, Resonance effect in sound systems, and Helmholtz resonator, Reflection and diffraction of sound waves. In this presentation you will know and understand how sound is created and why sound needs a medium in order to be recognized by someone (animals or human). The uses of different sound wave frequency in different field of study.
This presentation is about the introduction and characteristics of sound. Including the subtopic on the Pressure and Intensity of sound waves, Pitch, Resonance effect in sound systems, and Helmholtz resonator, Reflection and diffraction of sound waves. In this presentation you will know and understand how sound is created and why sound needs a medium in order to be recognized by someone (animals or human). The uses of different sound wave frequency in different field of study.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
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The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
2. Good day friends today we
will discuss Sound Wave.
LET'S START EVERYONE!!!
Frianca
3. What is sound waves?
A sound wave is the pattern of disturbance caused
by the movements of energy traveling through a
medium ( such as air, water or any other liquid or
solid matter) as it propagates away from the source
of the sound. Sound waves are created by the
objects vibration and produce preassure waves like a
ringing phone.
Frianca
4. What are sound waves called?
Sound wave is called longitudinal wave because it is
produced by compressions and rarefactions in the
air. The air particles vibrate parallel to the direction
propagation.
Franz
5. What are sound waves used for?
Sound is an actual physical wave,we can manipulate
it to do something other than keep us entertained
during our work commute. It is also been used to
treat medical cinditions, clean, generate electricity
and make one of a kind artwork.
Franz
6. What is the importance of sound?
Sound is a crucial aspect of our everyday lives. Just
think about it - most of us communicate verbally, and
it's pretty hard to understand body language alone.
This makes sound the primary source of information.
Kim
7. What are the characteristics of a
sound waves?
Sound wave can be describe to five characteristics
and this are : wavelength, amplitude, timeperiod,
frequency and velocity or speed.
Kim
8. Whay frequency is sound waves?
The units of frequency are called hertz or Hz.
Humans with normal hearing can hear sounds
between 20hz and 20,000hz. Frequencies above
20,000hz are known as ultrasound.
Julianne
9. What affects the speed of sound?
The speed of sound in a medium is determined by
combination of the medium's rigidity ( or
compressibility in gasses) and it's density. The more
rigid ( or less compressibile) the medium, the faster
the speed of the sound . The greater the density of a
medium, the slower the speed of the sound.
Julianne
10. How fast can a sound travel?
On a standard day at a sea level static conditions,
the speed of a sound js about 760mph or 1000
feet/second.
Rashard
11. Can sound travel in the water?
While sound moves at a much faster speed in the
water than in air, the distance that sound waves
travel is primarily dependent upon ocean
temperature and pressure.
Rashard
12. Where is sound faster?
Solids
Sound travels fastest through solids. This is beacause
molecules in a solid medium are much closer
together than these in a liquid or gas allowing fact
,sound waves travel over 17 times faster through
steel than through air.
Joel
13. Why can't we hear underwater?
It's because the water is denser than air , since sound
waves travel faster underwater than in air , it is much
harder for us to detect where they are coming from .
Our bodies have something called bone conductivity.
Rhian lei
14. Does wind carry sound?
Changing wind speeds above the ground cause
sound waves to bend toward or way on earth.
Carl nathan
15. Can sound travel in empty space?
Sound can't be carried in the empty vacuum of space
cause sound waves need a medium to vibrate
through such as air and water.
Wayne
16. Is sound louder in air or water?
Sound travels in water very fast compared with air
cause water particles are packed in more densely.
Manny
17. How does the sound made?
Sound is created by a vibrating objects, the
compression and expansion of the air on either side
of the vibrating membrane produces differences in
air pressure.
Brian
18. Book summary
Reflection of sound, echo is a property of sound wave.
Once a echo occurs, it only meansbthat the sound
produced has bounced back . Refraction of sound,
refraction occurs when a wave travels from a dense to
a less dense media. Sound travels faster in cool air
than warm air because cool air is denser than warm
air. Diffraction of sound , diffraction occurs can be
easily observe by looking in the opening or size of the
obstacle, if the sound wave is bolcked,
Frianca
19. Continuation :
That sound wave will look for a new path . If the
sound wave is blocked with a small opening , the
sound will pass through the opening and spread
again. Characteristics of sound . There are three
characteristics of sound pitch, loudness, and quality .
Pitch refers to higness and lowness of a sound.
Loudness of sound produced by vibrating object
depends in intensity of force that makes the object
vibrate.
Aaron
20. Continuation :
The quality of sound ( or the timbre) sets the
difference of one tone from another . Speed of
Sound , the speed of sound depends on the medium
the wave pass through it's speed at sea level 344m/s
yet this may vary if affected by some factors.
Detecting sounds, when sound hits an object , it can
cause the object to vibrate
Rashard
21. This are some of examples that produces
sounds.
Frenz
22. That's all for our
discussion!!
That ends our discussion about Sound waves
23. Friends, have you listened to our discussion?
Well then let's test you're skills.