The great Indian scientist Bhramahutta made several important contributions in mathematics and astronomy between the 2nd and 6th centuries CE, including: - Stating that the Earth was spherical, rotated on its axis, and revolved around the sun in an elliptical orbit, centuries before Copernicus and Galileo. - Giving zero its status as a number and explaining its properties in mathematical operations. - Discovering processes for alloying metals and extracting silver, tin, and copper from ores. - Proposing early concepts of atoms and gravity centuries before Western scientists. - Developing techniques in fields like surgery, cartography, and mathematics.

1. 𝓣𝓱𝓮 𝓰𝓻𝓮𝓪𝓽 𝓲𝓷𝓭𝓲𝓪𝓷
𝓼𝓬𝓲𝓮𝓷𝓽𝓲𝓼𝓽

3. Earth's Rotational Time
• At age of 23, he noted down the
observations and calculations for
mathematical system to figure out
the working of universe
• In his book, stated Earth was
Spherical in shape, rotate on its
axis and like other planets, revolve
around sun in elliptical orbit.

4. *This happened 1500 year and
20o0 year before Copernicus and
Galileo.
*He also calculated that the Earth
takkes 23 hours 56 minutes and
4.01 sec to complete one rotation.
• Modern value of this is 23:56:4.091
And he also gave Zero

5. • Bhramahupta gave zero its exalted
status as number in mathematics.
• He framed rules of operations
• In his book, Bhramasphuta
Siddhanta, he explained addition or
subtraction of zero
• To any quantity leaves it
unchanged. Product of any quantity
with zero leaves zero and division of
any quantity by zero is infinity

6. He gave four methods
multiplication.
He gave the following formula used
in GP series a +ar+ ar2 + ar3 +---
Area of cyclic quadrilateral with
sides a, b, c, d =v(sa)(sb)(sc)(sd)
where 25 = a +b+c+d

7. Discovery of alloys
• Discovered process of alloying in
2 BC.
• His book Rasarathnakara, retains
notes on process of extraction of
silver, tin and copper from their ores
and their purification.
• Also mentioned process of
distillation, sublimation, calcination
and coloring metals.

9. Atomic Theory
Stated that, Everything in this world
is made up of pramanu [atom], the
real entities which are obtained
when a matter is divided and
subdivided until further division is
not possible.
It believed that kanada was the
earliest proponent of atomic
concept in universe and was Just
2500 years before John Dalton.

10. Pythagoras Theorem
• He said that "The arcas of a
squares produced separately by the
lengths the breadth of a rectangle
together equal the area of the
square produced by the diagonal.
Sounds Familiar ? Eventually today
known as Pythagoras theorem.
• Seidenberg (1983) argued that
"Old Babylonia Pythagoras from
India" the theorem of

11. Sky Mapping
•He put forward that we would notice
that sky is slowły shifting backward
with cach progressing a year. •
He was the first one to mention
shifting of equinox is 50.32 sec. which
remain unchanged till today.
• This help us chart and navigate
skies at night or day, learn about our
horoscope for years and keep track of
our favorite constellations

12. Gravity
• He was first to conceive and write on
the notion of gravity and effort of its force
• In his book, Surya Sidhanta, he
mentioned : objects fall on earth due to
force of attraction by the earth. Therefore,
the earth. Planets, Constellations, moon
and sun are held in orbit due to this
attraction
• This happened 500 years before the
famous apple fell on Sir Isaac Newton's
head.

13. Plastic Surgery
2600 years ago, Sushruta along
with his collegues repaired the
disfigured nose with a flap of skin
fro forehead, a practice almost
unchanged to this day.
• In his book, Sushruta Samhita, he
descibes over 120 surgical
instruments, 300 surgery
procedures and classifies human
surgery in eight categories.
• Don't worry about pain, local
anesthesia was given in form of
medicated wine.