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Lecture. MedSouk.
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Traditionally our technology has spoken for us, but these days the products have become so sophisticated that the technology is becoming imperceptible. With that step; our roles in them, the careers they present and the business opportunities all diminish. Out of sight is out of mind; and out of mind is de-prioritised.
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1) Particle physics and cosmology research may seem useless but has led to many important applications and technological advances.
2) José Mariano Gago enthusiastically promoted science, education, and international cooperation in particle physics and cosmology research in Portugal and beyond.
3) While the discoveries of particle physicists and cosmologists may not have obvious practical applications, they have consistently enabled unforeseen technological innovations that have transformed our lives over many decades.
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1) Quartz was the first piezoelectric material discovered in 1880 and was used in early ultrasonic transducers. Rochelle salt was also used due to its high coupling coefficient.
2) Barium titanate was discovered in the 1940s and showed higher permittivity than previous materials, enabling more compact radar systems. It was later found to exhibit piezoelectricity when poled.
3) Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) was discovered in the 1950s and showed enormously high electromechanical coupling near a morphotropic phase boundary composition, launching the PZT era of piez
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1. The document discusses whether science will ever be able to fully explain everything through its predictive testing methodology.
2. While science has made tremendous advances in explaining various natural phenomena, every new discovery leads to new questions, and science may be inherently limited in answering fundamental questions about meaning and purpose.
3. Some mysteries like "magic numbers" that appear throughout nature and the simplicity of laws governing the universe cannot be fully explained by science alone. Science may not have the tools to answer all questions.
1. The document discusses whether science will ever be able to fully explain everything through its predictive testing methodology.
2. While science has made tremendous advances in explaining various natural phenomena, every new discovery leads to new questions, and science may be inherently limited in answering fundamental questions about meaning and purpose.
3. Some mysteries like "magic numbers" that appear throughout nature and the simplicity of laws governing the universe cannot be fully explained by science alone. Science may not have the tools to answer all questions.
The document discusses the discoveries of Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald, who were awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics. Their research groups at Super-Kamiokande (Japan) and Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (Canada) discovered that neutrinos change identities in flight through a process called neutrino oscillation. This revealed that neutrinos must have a small but non-zero mass, challenging the Standard Model of particle physics. The experiments found that muon neutrinos transformed into tau neutrinos over long distances, and that solar electron neutrinos transformed into other types of neutrinos during their journey from the Sun to Earth. These findings opened a new realm in particle physics and transformed understanding of the universe.
1) The document discusses CERN, the particle physics laboratory located near Geneva, Switzerland. It describes some of the research being done there, including experiments using the Large Hadron Collider to better understand the universe.
2) The Large Hadron Collider fires beams of protons towards each other at close to the speed of light to simulate the high energy conditions that existed shortly after the Big Bang. Experiments detect the subatomic particles created in these collisions to learn about fundamental forces and particles.
3) One goal is to find the Higgs boson particle, which could help explain how other particles acquire mass. Researchers also hope to gain insights into dark matter, black holes, and theories of everything. The scale of the
This document provides a short history of the development of lasers from their conceptual origins in the 1950s to applications in the early 2000s. It discusses key milestones such as Townes' development of the microwave maser in 1954, the proposal of an "optical maser" by Townes and Schawlow in 1958, and the race between Gould, Townes, Javan, and Maiman to build the first laser, which was accomplished by Maiman in 1960 using a ruby crystal. The document then outlines the evolution of laser devices and applications, noting how requirements from emerging applications drove further development, such as the creation of diode lasers optimized for fiber optic telecommunications. It aims to give context
1) The document discusses various topics ranging from nuclear reactors to astronomy to biology with no clear overall theme or connection between the sentences.
2) It provides details about different concepts like radioactive meters, nuclear reactions, and space exploration but lacks context or explanations.
3) Many of the sentences are technical or scientific in nature but are not elaborated on further in the document.
The document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum. It describes how scientists over centuries discovered different types of electromagnetic waves through experiments. Some key figures mentioned are Hans Christian Oersted, James Clerk Maxwell, Michael Faraday, Heinrich Hertz, Wilhelm Röntgen, and Paul Ulrich Villard. The document outlines their important experiments and findings that contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
The document summarizes Tony Smith's presentation on self-organized criticality. Some key points:
- Self-organized criticality describes how dissipative systems with extended degrees of freedom can evolve toward a minimally stable critical state through small, frequent disturbances that follow a power law distribution.
- Bak et al's 1987 paper that introduced this concept has been shown to be relevant to many natural phenomena like sandpiles, earthquakes, wildfires, etc. that maintain a critical balance.
- Smith's presentation applied self-organized criticality to better understand everyday human behaviors and systems, examining universals, animals, civilization, and modernity in terms of approaching critical thresholds.
- Reaching critical states
This document summarizes the rules and questions from the UTSUK '14 quiz competition. The rules state that questions can be answered by the team asked or opposing teams who "pounce". Pounces must be answered within 30 seconds. Correct answers receive 10 points, wrong answers receive -5 points. The questions cover topics in meteorology, astronomy, history of science and technology, chemistry, and geology. Sample questions ask about rain shadows, sunspots, the limelight, vanishing spray, eye color determination, columnar basalt, and the synthesis of paracetamol. The document provides a high-level overview of the format and content of the quiz competition.
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Science, behind social revolutions: what’s next? Quantum technology, by Javier Prior (UPCT)
1. Science, behind social revolutions:
what’s next? Quantum technology
Javier Prior
Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
Quantum Many Body Systems’s group
3. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Thermodynamics
Sadi Carnot
1796/1832
James Joule
1818/1889
James Watt
1736/1819
4. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Industrial revolution
Robert E. Lucas, Nobel Prize winner in economics science, "For the first time in
history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to
undergo sustained growth ... Nothing remotely like this economic behavior is
mentioned by the classical economists, even as a theoretical possibility.”
5. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Industrial revolution
Robert E. Lucas, Nobel Prize winner in economics science, "For the first time in
history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to
undergo sustained growth ... Nothing remotely like this economic behavior is
mentioned by the classical economists, even as a theoretical possibility.”
6. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Industrial revolution
Robert E. Lucas, Nobel Prize winner in economics science, "For the first time in
history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to
undergo sustained growth ... Nothing remotely like this economic behavior is
mentioned by the classical economists, even as a theoretical possibility.”
7. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Industrial revolution
Robert E. Lucas, Nobel Prize winner in economics science, "For the first time in
history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to
undergo sustained growth ... Nothing remotely like this economic behavior is
mentioned by the classical economists, even as a theoretical possibility.”
8. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Industrial revolution
Robert E. Lucas, Nobel Prize winner in economics science, "For the first time in
history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to
undergo sustained growth ... Nothing remotely like this economic behavior is
mentioned by the classical economists, even as a theoretical possibility.”
9. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Thermodynamics
Nicolas Otto
1832/1891
Rudolf Diesel
1858/1913
10. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
German car industry
Nicolas Otto
1832/1891
Rudolf Diesel
1858/1913
11. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
German car industry
Nicolas Otto
1832/1891
Rudolf Diesel
1858/1913
12. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Electromagnetism
Michael Faraday
1791/1867
James Maxwell
1831/1879
Thomas Edison
1847/1931
19. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Quantum physics
Max Planck
1858/1947
Erwin Schrodinger Richard Feynman
1887/1961
1918/1988
20. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Exponential Growth in Technology
Space/Time Measurement precision
Communication capacity
Computational power
Energy efficiency
1.6% p.a. on average at the world level between 1990 and 2006
21. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Measurement of time gains in precision exponentially
22. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Measurement of time gains in precision exponentially
Essen & Parry @ National Physical Laboratory 1955
23. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Measurement of time gains in precision exponentially
Essen & Parry @ National Physical Laboratory 1955
24. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Measurement of time gains in precision exponentially
Essen & Parry @ National Physical Laboratory 1955
25. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Measurement of time gains in precision exponentially
Essen & Parry @ National Physical Laboratory 1955
48. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Wave-particle duality
Clicks
Time
Clicks
Time
49. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Wave-particle duality
Take home messages:
When evolving freely quantum systems exhibit wave character
When measured quantum systems exhibit particle character
Measurements that acquire information, inevitably destroy
coherence and perturb the quantum systems.
66. Long-lasting coherences in FMO
Inter-exciton coherence times > 1.8 ps (77K)
0.6 ps (277K)
Ground-exciton coherence times < 150 fs
How are inter-exciton coherences protected?
Javier Prior, Alex Chin, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett.
105, 050404, (2010).
Alex Chin, Javier Prior, et al. Nature Physics
9, 113 (2013).
67. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Conclusions
Can we improve solar cells
based on this idea ?
More generally: Adding the right kind of noise, to the right kind
of nano-structure can improve its performance.
68. MURCIA, 24th Oct 2013
Thanks
Javier Prior
Funded by:
Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
Quantum Many Body Systems’s group