Presentasi yang disampaikan oleh Bpk. Dr. Hadi Susanto dalam Sharia Economics Conference 2013 yang dilaksanakan tanggal 9 Februari 2013 di Leibniz Universität Hannover.

1. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
IN THE SHARIA-BASED ECONOMIC SYSTEM
Hadi Susanto
School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham
Second Plenary Session
Sharia Economics Conference 2013
Hannover, Germany – February 9, 2013

2. Outline
• History of S&T development
• Relevance of the sharia economics system
• S&T policy under the sharia economic system
09/02/2013 2Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto

3. 09/02/2013 3
History of science and
technology
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto
‫علم‬
‫الرياضيات‬ ‫الطبيعة‬ ‫الكيمياء‬ ‫االحياء‬ ‫علم‬

4. 09/02/2013 4
History of science and
technology
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto
‫تطبيقي‬ ‫علم‬
applied

5. 09/02/2013 5
History of science and
technology
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto
Early cultures: Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt, Persia, India, China
Classical Antiquity: Greco-Roman world
Middle Ages (~476–~1500): Early, high, late middle ages
Renaissance (14th–17th century)
H.S. Williams, A History of Science (New York, HarperCollins, 1904)
W.B. Paley, http://scimaps.org/maps/map/textarc_visualizatio_53/
Scientific revolution (~1543–18th century)
Age of Enlightenment/Age of Reason (17th–18th century)
Romanticism in science (~1800–18th century)
Positivism (18th–19th century)
…

6. 09/02/2013 6
History of science and
technology
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto
Middle Ages (~476–~1500): Early, high, late middle ages
Science in the medieval Islamic world/Islamic science/Arabic science
D.R. Hill, Islamic Science and Engineering (Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1993)

7. 09/02/2013 7
History of science and
technology
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto
S.T.S. Al-Hassani, E. Woodcock, and R. Saoud (Eds.), 1001 Inventions: Muslim Heritage in Our World (2011).
S.T.S. Al-Hassani (Ed.), 1001 Inventions: The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Civilization (National Geographic,
Washington DC, 2012)

8. 09/02/2013 8
Mathematics and arts
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto
Problem: Construct a square in a given circle.

9. 09/02/2013 9
Mathematics and arts
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto

10. 09/02/2013 10
Mathematics and arts
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto
Kashan, Iran, 13th-14th century

11. 09/02/2013 11
Mathematics and arts
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto
A.A. Al-Daffa, The Muslim Contribution to Mathematics (Croom Helm, London, 1977).
J.L. Berggren, Episodes in the Mathematics of Medieval Islam (Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, 1986).
J.L. Berggren, “Mathematics in Medieval Islam,” in The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India,
and Islam: A Sourcebook. Victor J. Katz (Ed.) (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2007).

12. 09/02/2013 12
Penrose tilings and
quasicrystals
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto
R. Penrose, The role of aesthetics in pure and applied mathematical research, Bulletin of the Institute of
Mathematics and its Applications 10, 266-271 (1974).
D. Shechtman, I. Blech, D. Gratias, and J. Cahn, Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational Order and No
Translational Symmetry, Physical Review Letters 53 (20) 1951-1953 (1984).
P.J. Lu and P.J. Steinhardt, Decagonal and quasi-crystalline tilings in medieval Islamic architecture, Science 315,
1106-1110 (2007).
L. Bindi, P.J. Steinhardt, N. Yao, and P.J. Lu, Natural Quasicrystals, Science 324, 1306-1309 (2009).

13. 09/02/2013 13
Relevance of sharia
economics
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto
• Muslim scientists were very concerned with the practical applications of their work.
"I have 17 camels, and I have three sons. Divide my camels in such a way that my eldest son gets half of them,
the second one gets 1/3rd of the total and my youngest son gets 1/9th of the total number of camels.“
[The Chinese Remainder theorem]
• The economic system drove the development of science and technology: the house of wisdom.
”Under the sponsorship of caliph al-Ma'mun, economic support of the House
of Wisdom and scholarship in general was greatly increased. Moreover,
Abbasid society itself came to understand and appreciate the value of
knowledge, and support also came from merchants and the military. It was
easy for scholars and translators to make a living and an academic life was a
symbol of status. Wisdom was so valuable that books and ancient texts were
sometimes preferred as war booty instead of other riches. Indeed, Ptolemy's
Almagest was claimed as a condition for peace after between the Abbasids and the Byzantine Empire.”

14. 09/02/2013 14
Relevance of sharia
economics
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto

15. 09/02/2013 15
Relevance of sharia
economics
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto

16. 09/02/2013 16
Relevance of sharia
economics
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto

17. 09/02/2013 17
Relevance of sharia
economics
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto
World economic forum

18. 09/02/2013 18
Relevance of sharia
economics
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto

19. 09/02/2013 19
Relevance of sharia
economics
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto
EPSRC Budgets 2008/9 – 2014/15

20. 09/02/2013 20
Relevance of sharia
economics
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto
New Scientist, 06 June 2009

21. 09/02/2013 21
Science and technology
policy
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto
The Byzantine embassy of John the Grammarian in 829 to Ma'mun from Theophilos

22. 09/02/2013 22
Science and technology
policy
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto
• Science and technology have been studied and developed in such a way
that resulted in a materialistic civilization.
• Development of science and technology that directed exclusively for
practical purposes (pragmatism/utilitarianism) obviously has created
destruction and global crisis.
• The practice is still open for discussions (with aqidah and shariah as the
fundamental guidance)

23. 09/02/2013 23
Conclusions
Second Plenary Session: Hadi Susanto