mental disorder

1. Schizoid and Schizotypal
Disorder
Akshat Agrawal
Group I

2. Schizoid Disorder
Schizoid personality disorder (ScPD) is a mental health condition
marked by a consistent pattern of detachment from and general
disinterest in social relationships. People with schizoid personality
disorder also have a limited range of emotions when interacting with
other people.
Schizoid personality disorder is one of a group of conditions called
“Cluster A” personality disorders, which involve unusual and
eccentric thinking or behaviors.
Personality disorders are chronic (long-term) dysfunctional behavior
patterns that are inflexible, prevalent and lead to social issues and
distress.

6. Diagnosis
• When a mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist,
suspects someone might have schizoid personality disorder, they often ask
questions that’ll shed light on:
• Childhood history.
• Relationships.
• Work history.
• Reality testing.
• Because a person suspected of having schizoid personality disorder may
lack insight into their behaviors, mental health professionals often work
with the person’s family and friends to collect more information about their
behaviors and history.

7. Treatment
• People with this personality disorder rarely seek treatment because their thoughts
and behavior generally do not cause them distress.
• When treatment is sought, psychotherapy, a form of counseling is the form of
treatment most often used:-
1. Increasing general coping skills
2. Improving social interaction
3. Communication
4. Self-esteem
5. Social skills training also can be an important component of treatment.

8. Schizotypal Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD) is a mental health condition
characterized by a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal
deficits, as well as eccentric behaviors and cognitive distortions.
Social isolation, anxiety in social situations , odd behavior and
thinking, and often unconventional beliefs are also seen .

9. Symptoms
1. Social and Interpersonal Deficits:
• Individuals with STPD often have difficulty forming and maintaining close
relationships.
• They may exhibit social anxiety and discomfort in social situations.
2. Cognitive Distortions and Eccentricities:
1. People with STPD may have unusual beliefs or magical thinking that influences
their behavior.
2. They may experience paranoid thoughts or suspiciousness about others.

10. 3.Odd or Eccentric Behavior and Appearance:
1. Individuals with STPD may display eccentric behaviors in terms of dress, grooming, or
speech.
2. Their appearance and mannerisms may be unconventional or idiosyncratic.
4.Unusual Perceptual Experiences:
1. Some individuals with STPD may report perceptual distortions, such as illusions or mild
hallucinations.
2. These experiences are not as severe or pervasive as those seen in schizophrenia but
may contribute to their eccentricity.
5.Social Anxiety and Isolation:
1. Individuals with STPD may experience significant social anxiety, leading to social
withdrawal and isolation.
2. Their discomfort in social situations may contribute to a limited social support network.
6.Difficulty with Close Relationships:
1. Building and maintaining close relationships can be challenging for those with STPD.
2. They may be overly sensitive to criticism and may avoid close emotional connections.

11. Causes
• Researchers think the cause of schizotypal personality disorder
(STPD) is mainly biological and genetic because it shares many of
the brain changes characteristic of schizophrenia. STPD is also
more common among biological relatives of people with
schizophrenia or Cluster A personality disorders, which suggests a
genetic link.

12. Treatment
• General principles for treatment of schizotypal personality disorder are the same as those for
all personality disorders.
• Schizotypal personality disorder is commonly treated with medications. Atypical
antipsychotics lessen anxiety and psychotic-like symptoms ; antidepressants may also help
lessen social anxiety in patients with schizotypal personality disorder.
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy that focuses on acquiring social skills and managing anxiety can
help. Such therapy can also increase patients' awareness of how their own behavior may be
perceived.
• Supportive psychotherapy is also useful. The goal is to establish an emotional, encouraging,
supportive relationship with the patient and thus help the patient develop healthy defense
mechanisms, especially in interpersonal relationships.