This document summarizes key challenges in scaling up sustainable agriculture practices based on case studies presented at the UN Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) meetings 16-17:
1) The Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development (SARD) Kenya Livestock Working Group found weak linkages between CSD goals and local/national engagement, calling for better communication and collaboration across levels to overcome barriers to implementing CSD outcomes.
2) Establishing food policy councils and integrated urban-rural food security programs were identified as needs for cities in Southeast Africa to develop food security action plans, requiring multi-sectoral and participatory approaches.
3) Case studies highlighted that while CSD brings together new partners,
The document provides historical background on Israel's nuclear weapons program from its earliest days in the 1950s. It details how Israel began researching nuclear technology and established agencies and facilities like Dimona to develop an independent nuclear capability in secret with assistance from France. While the U.S. was aware of Israel's nuclear program by the 1960s, it took little action and turned a blind eye as Israel successfully deceived international inspectors and developed a nuclear weapons program without impediment. The document outlines the key events and deceptions that allowed Israel to develop nuclear weapons while maintaining ambiguity over whether it actually possesses them.
This document summarizes optimizations made to Memcached to improve its scalability. The baseline Memcached implementation did not scale well beyond 3 CPU cores due to coarse-grained global locks. The optimized version removed these locks and used non-blocking operations, striped locks, and a "Bag" LRU scheme to allow linear scaling up to 16 cores. These changes improved performance by 900% and efficiency by 3.4x compared to the baseline.
The document summarizes the Goldstone report, which investigated violations of international law during the 2008-2009 Gaza War. The report found that Israel and Palestinian armed groups both committed war crimes. It called for independent investigations and possible referral to the International Criminal Court if no credible investigations were conducted. However, the author questions whether the report will have any real impact, given Israel's powerful allies and ability to veto UN Security Council decisions. While increasing international awareness of human rights issues in Gaza, the report was also politicized by factions in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
The presidents of Mexico and Ecuador released a joint statement supporting OAS efforts to normalize relations between Ecuador and Colombia and create trust after Ecuador's sovereignty was violated. They send condolences for lives lost and support investigations. At the NAFTA summit, Bush pushed for approval of free trade with Colombia while leaders supported more trade opportunities in Latin America. The World Economic Forum report discussed Latin America's strong economic growth but social challenges, and evaluated regional strategies around geopolitics, competitiveness, and innovation.
The document compares cultural differences between Americans and Mexicans. It outlines 9 key differences: 1) direct vs indirect communication, 2) perceptions of how others should see them, 3) prioritization of individuality vs community, 4) value placed on hierarchy, 5) punctuality, 6) views on work-life balance, 7) deductive vs analytical reasoning, 8) impact of religion, 9) levels of hierarchy in society. It notes that despite differences, the cultures interact positively through trade but perceptions between peoples could be improved, particularly given recent policies.
This document provides a summary of the legal and political issues surrounding Israeli settlements in occupied Palestinian territories. It discusses the history and current status of the settlements, international opinions on their legality under the Fourth Geneva Convention, and arguments made by both sides. Key points include: the UN Security Council and other bodies view the settlements as illegal under international law, while Israel disputes this; the document outlines relevant UNSC resolutions on the issue; and it discusses Israel's justification for the settlements based on their voluntary nature versus the prohibition on forced population transfer in the Fourth Geneva Convention.
This document discusses the establishment of a Global Soil Partnership (GSP) to address increasing soil degradation and pressures on soil resources. It outlines the preparatory process for the GSP from March 2011 to April 2012, which included launching discussions with partners, holding an initial meeting in September 2011, establishing a technical working group to develop terms of reference, and revising the terms of reference through open comment periods and presentations to countries. The terms of reference were then presented to FAO's Committee on Agriculture in May 2012 for consideration and endorsement to officially establish the GSP and allow it to move forward as an effective process to prioritize and deliver actions to sustainably manage soil resources globally.
The document provides historical background on Israel's nuclear weapons program from its earliest days in the 1950s. It details how Israel began researching nuclear technology and established agencies and facilities like Dimona to develop an independent nuclear capability in secret with assistance from France. While the U.S. was aware of Israel's nuclear program by the 1960s, it took little action and turned a blind eye as Israel successfully deceived international inspectors and developed a nuclear weapons program without impediment. The document outlines the key events and deceptions that allowed Israel to develop nuclear weapons while maintaining ambiguity over whether it actually possesses them.
This document summarizes optimizations made to Memcached to improve its scalability. The baseline Memcached implementation did not scale well beyond 3 CPU cores due to coarse-grained global locks. The optimized version removed these locks and used non-blocking operations, striped locks, and a "Bag" LRU scheme to allow linear scaling up to 16 cores. These changes improved performance by 900% and efficiency by 3.4x compared to the baseline.
The document summarizes the Goldstone report, which investigated violations of international law during the 2008-2009 Gaza War. The report found that Israel and Palestinian armed groups both committed war crimes. It called for independent investigations and possible referral to the International Criminal Court if no credible investigations were conducted. However, the author questions whether the report will have any real impact, given Israel's powerful allies and ability to veto UN Security Council decisions. While increasing international awareness of human rights issues in Gaza, the report was also politicized by factions in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
The presidents of Mexico and Ecuador released a joint statement supporting OAS efforts to normalize relations between Ecuador and Colombia and create trust after Ecuador's sovereignty was violated. They send condolences for lives lost and support investigations. At the NAFTA summit, Bush pushed for approval of free trade with Colombia while leaders supported more trade opportunities in Latin America. The World Economic Forum report discussed Latin America's strong economic growth but social challenges, and evaluated regional strategies around geopolitics, competitiveness, and innovation.
The document compares cultural differences between Americans and Mexicans. It outlines 9 key differences: 1) direct vs indirect communication, 2) perceptions of how others should see them, 3) prioritization of individuality vs community, 4) value placed on hierarchy, 5) punctuality, 6) views on work-life balance, 7) deductive vs analytical reasoning, 8) impact of religion, 9) levels of hierarchy in society. It notes that despite differences, the cultures interact positively through trade but perceptions between peoples could be improved, particularly given recent policies.
This document provides a summary of the legal and political issues surrounding Israeli settlements in occupied Palestinian territories. It discusses the history and current status of the settlements, international opinions on their legality under the Fourth Geneva Convention, and arguments made by both sides. Key points include: the UN Security Council and other bodies view the settlements as illegal under international law, while Israel disputes this; the document outlines relevant UNSC resolutions on the issue; and it discusses Israel's justification for the settlements based on their voluntary nature versus the prohibition on forced population transfer in the Fourth Geneva Convention.
This document discusses the establishment of a Global Soil Partnership (GSP) to address increasing soil degradation and pressures on soil resources. It outlines the preparatory process for the GSP from March 2011 to April 2012, which included launching discussions with partners, holding an initial meeting in September 2011, establishing a technical working group to develop terms of reference, and revising the terms of reference through open comment periods and presentations to countries. The terms of reference were then presented to FAO's Committee on Agriculture in May 2012 for consideration and endorsement to officially establish the GSP and allow it to move forward as an effective process to prioritize and deliver actions to sustainably manage soil resources globally.
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Integrating Environment in Local Planning in Tajikistan and AR CrimeaUNDP Eurasia
The document discusses integrating environmental considerations into local development planning in Tajikistan and Crimea. It describes how poverty-environment issues are being integrated into District Development Programs in Tajikistan through a process that involves reviewing the current situation, setting objectives, screening for environmental impacts, and developing poverty-environment indicators. Capacity building efforts include training materials and sessions to develop awareness and skills in mainstreaming the poverty-environment nexus into the planning process. The results include poverty-environment integration in district plans and criteria being applied to development projects. Strategic environmental assessment is also being applied to development strategies to upstream environmental factors into decision making.
The document discusses REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and provides information about the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF). The FCPF is a global partnership that aims to pilot REDD readiness and carbon finance activities. It has two mechanisms - a Readiness Fund to help countries prepare national REDD strategies, and a Carbon Fund to pay countries for verified emission reductions. The FCPF has 37 participating countries and works closely with other REDD partners like the UN-REDD Programme to help operationalize REDD.
This document discusses operationalizing the Strengthening Capacity for Agricultural Policy and Implementation (SAKSS) in countries in the Southern African Development Community region. It outlines general principles for establishing SAKSS, including having local stakeholder support and commitment of resources. Key architectural elements are described, such as advisory committees and partnerships between government, research institutions, and donors. Challenges include ensuring stakeholder participation and ownership and producing policy-relevant research. The experience of Mozambique establishing SAKSS is provided as an example, highlighting opportunities like government support but also challenges like limited data and inter-institutional collaboration.
Aquino and gari national approach to reddtheREDDdesk
This document discusses the rationale for taking a national approach to REDD (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation). A national approach is needed to address the underlying drivers of deforestation across an entire country, deal with governance issues, and foster intergovernmental cooperation. It allows for national accounting to avoid double counting of emissions reductions. A national baseline and monitoring system can provide a common framework. Key components of a national REDD readiness plan are outlined, and the UN-REDD Programme's aims and key features are described. The outcomes of a REDD mission to the Democratic Republic of Congo are summarized.
Varieties of sustainability: The local expression of a global norm. Presented by Jörg Balsiger at the "Perth II: Global Change and the World's Mountains" conference in Perth, Scotland in September 2010.
This document discusses the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) study and initiatives to promote its application. It notes that TEEB has drawn international attention for presenting a rationale for valuing natural capital. Several international forums have been held by conservation organizations to promote TEEB. The document outlines initiatives in ASEAN countries to introduce TEEB and integrate ecosystem values into planning. It also discusses challenges faced in applying TEEB, including awareness issues, methodological challenges, and the need for connections to other efforts like climate change and biodiversity policies. Next steps proposed include scoping studies in ASEAN, leveraging resources to support valuation work, and presenting results at COP11 to further TEEB initiatives
TEEB for Policy Makers provides concise summaries of key elements from the document:
1. It outlines TEEB's goals of demonstrating the value of ecosystems, underlining the urgency of action, assessing ecosystem values, incorporating those values into decisions, identifying solutions, and addressing the needs of various end-users.
2. It describes the different TEEB reports being produced for different audiences like policymakers and business.
3. It highlights economic policy instruments like payments for ecosystem services (PES) that can reward the provision of ecosystem services and promote sustainability.
TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity) is an initiative that draws attention to the economic benefits of biodiversity. It highlights the costs of biodiversity loss and brings together scientists, economists, and policymakers. TEEB published several major reports from 2008-2010 addressing ecological and economic foundations, policies for different levels of government, and risks/opportunities for business. It recommends making nature's values visible in economic terms to support decision making. TEEB continues working with partners to conduct national and sectoral studies and promote its findings.
The document provides an overview of Chapters III and IV of the zero draft on green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication (GESDPE) and institutional framework for sustainable development (IFSD). It summarizes the key elements and proposed revisions to the chapters, including framing green economy, toolkits and experience sharing platforms, and frameworks for action. Member states proposed numerous amendments focusing on social and economic dimensions, knowledge sharing, and strengthening governance and implementation.
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This document summarizes civil society organization (CSO) engagement in Cambodia's REDD+ readiness process and implementation. It discusses how CSOs have participated in developing Cambodia's REDD+ roadmap and strategy by providing input on governance structures and consultation processes. CSOs have also helped implement REDD+ readiness activities like awareness raising and capacity building. The document outlines Cambodia's REDD+ task force structure and how CSOs and indigenous people are represented on the executive board and consultation group to provide guidance and input on REDD+ policies and programs.
Environmental accounting provides a framework for organizing environmental data and linking it to economic data. It includes four types of accounts: natural resource asset accounts, pollution and material flow accounts, monetary accounts, and environmentally-adjusted macroeconomic aggregates. Developing since the 1990s, environmental accounting aims to give policymakers a better understanding of the environment and natural resources to inform decisions. It has benefits for Supreme Audit Institutions by providing key information on the state of the environment and implications of policy options.
The State of Jurisdictional Sustainability: Synthesis for Practitioners and P...CIFOR-ICRAF
1) The document analyzes progress toward jurisdictional sustainability across 39 jurisdictions in the tropics. Deforestation has decreased in some jurisdictions like Aceh but increased in others like East Kalimantan.
2) Jurisdictions have made various commitments to reduce emissions and deforestation through international agreements. Progress implementing integrated low-emissions strategies varies across jurisdictions.
3) External support for jurisdictions has included over $2.3 billion in funding but more formal partnerships are still needed between governments and companies. The document provides recommendations to strengthen jurisdictional sustainability efforts.
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, Opening Ceremony of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Anne Larigauderies, Executive Secreatry of IPBES, in FAO Hq, Rome
This document provides an agricultural master plan for Lao PDR from 2011 to 2015. It outlines 7 programs to achieve the goals of food production, commodity production, sustainable production patterns, forestry development, irrigated agriculture, agricultural infrastructure, and human resource development. The plan was drafted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and provides strategic actions and targets to guide agricultural development over the 5-year period according to the national strategy.
This document provides an agricultural master plan for Laos from 2011 to 2015. It outlines 7 programs to achieve the goals of food production, commodity production, sustainable production patterns, forestry development, irrigated agriculture, agricultural infrastructure, and human resource development. For each program, it describes the current situation, key issues, objectives, and priority measures. The overall goal is sustainable development, food security, and income growth in the agriculture and forestry sectors of Laos over the 5-year period.
The document discusses the social dimensions of climate change, noting that climate change impacts are deeply intertwined with global inequality and threaten development gains, so both aggressive mitigation and pro-poor adaptation are needed, with a focus on social equity, governance, and protecting vulnerable groups. It also outlines the World Bank's work on these social aspects of climate change across regions, countries, and initiatives.
This document outlines the methodology and key deliverables for Vietnam's National Target Program on Climate Change. It discusses establishing executive and implementing agencies, lessons from an inception phase, and a focus on mitigation and adaptation in the energy and transport sectors. Key outputs include technical working papers, climate modeling, GHG inventories and projections, adaptation and mitigation options, awareness campaigns, draft action plans, and pilot projects at the national and provincial levels.
This document discusses urban agriculture and its potential benefits related to environmental, economic, and social dimensions. It touches on how urban agriculture can catalyze business development and foster local self-reliance. It also addresses building awareness and strengthening rural-urban linkages through local food systems. Establishing new markets for small-scale livestock production is mentioned, noting increasing interest in local production and animal welfare. Overall, the document presents urban agriculture as a way to maximize diversity, resilience, and access to food.
This document discusses urban agriculture and its potential to catalyze business development, foster local self-reliance, and build awareness and action. It addresses how urban agriculture can strengthen rural-urban linkages and establish new markets for small-scale livestock production. The document also references diagrams of rural-urban food supply networks and sustainable pastoral livestock value chains. It poses questions about why food systems should be included in city planning and what lessons have been learned from cities that have worked to integrate agriculture and strengthen connections with surrounding rural areas.
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1. Scaling up sustainable agriculture
practices: requirements for a fast track
approach
Thomas Forster
Presenting Civil Society and Major Group Partners Active in CSD
International Partners for Sustainable Agriculture (IPSA)
1 February, 2010
2. Improving the practice to policy
continuum
From policy coherence to
implementation coherence
3. CSD SARD Policy Benchmarks 1992 > 2012
RIO+20
2009
2008
WSSD – SARD Initiative COAG 19 CSD 16-17
launched by FAO DG
2005
Adelboden Mountain 2003
Conference – SARD
Themes
Design &
2002 Initial Activities
WFS- five
2001 years later
E-conference, FAO COAG dialogue
2000 FAO Council Endorsement
CSD-8
Dialogue with mandate to continue
1992
4. CSD contributions to scaling up
sustainable agriculture and rural
development (SARD)
• Integrating social and environmental values in agriculture
research and development models (Agenda 21)
• Reaffirming priority attention to food security and rural
development (WSSD)
• Bringing attention to implementation roles of major
groups of civil society, especially women and small farmers
5. Building Partnerships for Action
(WSSD -> CSD 16)
• Building on Common Objectives
among Different Stakeholders
• Mediating Unequal Stakeholders for
Common Efforts
• Facilitating a Transparent Structure
for Implementation
• Improving Indicators and Ability to
Assess Good Practice
6. Review of multi-stakeholder policy
implementation for CSD 16
• Institutional, resource, participation and leadership
needs have been inadequate to successful scaling up
of SARD
• Communication, decision and management protocols
must become standard for multi-stakeholder policy
implementation
• Metrics or indicators for measuring progress must be
a part of the multi-stakeholder process.
Summary from CSD 16 background paper “The Practice to Policy Continuum in
SARD”: http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/csd/csd16/documents/bp5_2008.pdf
7. Selected cases of civil society and
governmental cooperation for CSD 17
• Sustainable livestock and livelihoods
• Urban-rural linkages for food security and vibrant
markets
• Women feed the world
• People-centered knowledge-based agriculture
8. Advocacy Strategy for Raising Livestock on the Development Agenda
Practice Focus UN HQ CSD 17
WB commissions EU Donors livestock mtg.
Papers on Livestock CSD 16 (Germany, late May) Inter-governmental negotiations
(April) Policies for
Sustainable Agriculture,
Livestock & Climate Change
(Tunisia late May) Land, Drought, Desertification,
CRSP RFA
(April) Rural Development
IFAD Rural Poverty Report Africa and Cross-cutting issues
(input for 2010 release)
Case studies
Issue Matrix
Policy Priorities Platform
Program Designs Project
FAO Plans
High-Level Conf
Food Security,
UN Commission on Sustainable Climate Change & Direct Govt Collaboration
Development (CSD) BioEnergy on Livestock program
(June ‘08)
Internal & External Events: & project development
FAO CoAg
-Inter-governmental show & tell Livestock with global support
-Government liaision, lobbying FAO SofA Report
SARD
On Livestock
-Side Events (Writing starts (March ‘09)
-Learning Centers Sept-Dec ‘08) Policy Focus
-Major Group dialogues
CSD 17
May 2008 May 2009
Contact: arthur.getz@heifer.org
9. Analyze
for coherence
Conventional
Global policy cycle
Policy
Frame and evolving
CSO roles
Assess Design for
impacts coherence
CSO roles & perspectives Monitoring &Evaluation IGO
on formulation of policies Program
Design
National Implement
Project coherently
Implementation
The field
A.Getz-Escudero &
C.Lightfoot, 2003
10. Key Message: Policy coherence alone
does not serve to scale up good practices
Summary of key challenges generalized
from case studies of selected major
group partners active in CSD 16-17
11. How must implementation efforts be
addressed to scale up good practices
for SARD?
Five cases from CSD 16-17:
1. SARD Livestock Working Group (Kenya)
2. Metropolitan partnerships for food security and
local food system resilience (Southern/eastern
Africa)
3. Sustainable Food Planning for regions feeding
cities (Cardiff, EU and US initiatives)
4. Urban Rural Linkages for Food Security and
Sustainable Development (US, ICLEI Africa and
WUWM)
5. Lessons for a sustainable food system in Haiti
12. 1. SARD Kenya Livestock Working
Group (SARD-KLWG)
• Active in Kenya and East Africa as a pilot country for
the SARD Initiative, a direct result of CSD 8
• Established in 2006 motivated by need to provide a
partnership forum to enable pastoralists’ communities
to secure better livelihoods through sustainable
management of their natural resources
• Led by Major Groups at local level with links to
government, UN and Global Livestock Working
Group support
14. “Strengthen ties between governments,
Major Groups and CSD decisions to
achieve results” -- says SARD Kenya
• Critical factor: weak or missing linkages between
CSD goals and local, national and global levels of
engagement
• Better communication and collaboration on shared
goals recognizing roles of all stakeholders is needed
– CSD regional preparatory and global CSD meetings each
had their own agendas which were not well linked to each
other
• New ideas and innovations for implementation of
CSD outcomes are needed -- more formal
understanding and action needed to overcome
barriers
15. 2. Needs for implementation and rapid
scaling of good practices in SE Africa
• Larger cities and metropolitan regions need to
develop their own food-security action plans
• Food policy councils should be established to advise
city governments and planners
• An integrated and participatory approach to urban-
rural food security should be adopted:
* multi-sectoral programmes
* active participation of the various stakeholders
* focus on the development of sustainable
local food production and distribution systems
* optimal use of locally available resources
16. Municipal Development Partnership for
Eastern and Southern Africa
(MDP-ESA)
• Strong engagement of local authorities with
key stakeholders in 25 countries
• CSD brought together new partners to
address urban rural linkages for food security
• Implementation will require overcoming the
same barriers identified in Kenya SARD work
17. 3. Cardiff University School of City and
Regional Planning
• Initial participation in CSD sparked new synergies
and shaped proposed work in Africa focused on food
security
• Existing emphasis on need for regional planning
organizations to food was reinforced and more
stakeholders included in a new sustainable food
planning network
http://www.isomul.com/foodplanning/index.htm
18. Home-Grown School Feeding:
The Lessons
Home-grown school feeding is about:
• Fashioning a robust framework for collective
action
• Creating and sustaining a dedicated budget
• Helping small scale farmers through the
transition to commercial agriculture
• Enlisting the active support of civil society
• Promoting development, rather than aid
19. 4. Urban-rural linkages for food security
• Innovative practices such as homegrown school
feeding, new infrastructure for local/regional food
systems were highlighted in side events and
showcased in CSD 16 and 17.
• CSD Decision recognized the role of local authorities
in partnership with major groups to help secure urban
food supply, provide jobs, and improve health.
• Following CSD, urban-rural linkages for food security
now the basis of new initiatives, with influence in
other UN food, climate, urban, biodiversity forums.
20. 5. CSD link to Haiti: Sustainable
Future
Ten year vision of a prosperous and sustainable
Haitian countryside as the foundation for national
development
• An asset-based approach
• Sustainable agriculture by small-scale farmers
• Increased production for communities and local
markets
• Sharing knowledge
• Supportive policies and institutions
Source: Groundswell International and Partenariat pour le Développement Local
21. Regions Feeding Resilient Cities…
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Require commitment and support from formal and
informal partners to work together for sustainable food
and agriculture systems in a vulnerable world
22. In Conclusion
Coherence between policy AND implementation
across formal institutional partners and informal
major group stakeholders must be improved by
bringing this challenge into the coming CSD cycle
and into preparations for Rio 20…
Required levels of Coherence:
Intergovernmental • Governmental • Government
Ministries • Local Authorities • Civil Society Global
Major Groups • National Stakeholder Groups •
Community Based Organizations and Social
Movements