The document provides an overview of the methodology used in market reports produced by ystats.com. It discusses how the reports are based on secondary research from various reliable sources. Data is cross-referenced to ensure validity. Charts include sources and definitions. The reports cover major markets and include sections on findings, definitions, country analyses, and rankings. Standard structures and types of information are used across reports for consistency.

2. © Copyright 2015 ystats.com GmbH & Co. KG, 22765 Hamburg, Germany 2

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GENERAL METHODOLOGY OF MARKET REPORTS
Secondary Market Research
 The reports are compiled based on secondary market research. Secondary research is information gathered from previously published sources. Our reports are
solely based on information and data acquired from national and international statistical offices, industry and trade associations, business reports, business and
company databases, journals, company registries, news portals and many other reliable sources. By using various sources we ensure maximum objectivity for
all obtained data. As a result, companies gain a precise and unbiased impression of the market situation.
 Cross referencing of data is conducted in order to ensure validity and reliability.
 The source of information and its release date are provided on every chart. It is possible that the information contained in one chart is derived from several
sources. If this is the case, all sources are mentioned on the chart.
 The reports include mainly data from the last 12 months prior to the date of report publication. Exact publication dates are mentioned in every chart.
Definitions
 The reports take into account a broad definition of B2C E-Commerce, which might include mobile commerce. As definitions may vary among sources, exact
definition used by the source (if available) is included at the bottom of the chart.
Chart Types
 Our reports include text charts, pie charts, bar charts, rankings, line graphs and tables. Every chart contains an Action Title, which summarizes the main
idea/finding of the chart and a Subtitle, which provides necessary information about the country, the topic, units or measures of currency, and the applicable time
period(s) to which the data refers. With respect to rankings, it is possible that the summation of all categories amounts to more than 100%. In this case, multiple
answers were possible, which is noted at the bottom of the chart.
Report Structure
 Reports are comprised of the following elements, in the following order: Cover page, preface, legal notice, methodology, definitions, table of contents,
management summary (summarizing main information contained in each section of report) and report content (divided into sections and chapters). When
available, we also include forecasts in our report content. These forecasts are not our own; they are published by reliable sources. Within Global and Regional
reports, we include all major developed and emerging markets, ranked in order of importance by using evaluative criteria such as sales figures.
Notes and Currency Values
 If available, additional information about the data collection, for example the time of survey and number of people surveyed, is provided in the form of a note. In
some cases, the note (also) contains additional information needed to fully understand the contents of the respective data.
 When providing information about amounts of money, local currencies are most often used. When referencing currency values in the Action Title, the EUR
values are also provided in brackets. The conversions are always made using the average currency exchange rate for the respective time period. Should the
currency figure be in the future, the average exchange rate of the past 12 months is used.

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METHODOLOGY OF THE CURRENT REPORT
Report Coverage
 This report covers the M-Commerce market in Asia-Pacific. Major advanced and emerging markets in this region are covered, including Australia, China, India,
Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam.
 For the purposes of this report, M-Commerce is defined as the sale of products and services through electronic transactions via mobile Internet-enabled devices,
such as smartphones and tablets. The specific definitions of M-Commerce, mobile sales and mobile shoppers used by the original sources cited in this report
may vary.
 The report contains relevant information about global trends, international comparisons, M-Commerce sales and mobile shoppers.
Report Structure
 The report starts with a global chapter which includes regional and country comparisons in terms of criteria relevant to M-Commerce, such as mobile Internet
subscriptions and mobile shopper penetration. The rest of the report is divided into country chapters, ranked by B2C E-Commerce sales.
 For the countries the following information is presented, where available: M-Commerce sales, share of M-Commerce on total B2C E-Commerce sales, mobile
shopper penetration, devices used for accessing the Internet and for shopping online, reasons for buying via mobile, smartphone and mobile Internet
penetration. Not each type of information is presented for each country due to varying data availability.
 For selected top countries in the region, also a ranking of M-Commerce market players is provided.

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DEFINITIONS
 B2C E-COMMERCE
the sale of products (and services) through electronic transactions via the Internet from businesses to
consumers (B2C). A broader definition of retail E-Commerce applied by some sources also includes
consumer-to-consumer (C2C) sales.
 M-COMMERCE
M-Commerce, also called “Mobile Commerce”, means the sale of products (and services) through electronic
transactions via mobile Internet-enabled devices, such as smartphones and tablets.
 MOBILE INTERNET USERS Internet users who access the web through their mobile devices.
 MOBILE DEVICES a portable device with mobile Internet functionality, such as smartphones and tablets.
 MOBILE SHOPPERS consumers who participate in M-Commerce, i.e. purchase products or services online via mobile devices.
 INTERNET USERS the total number of inhabitants in a certain country that regularly accesses the Internet.
 ONLINE SHOPPERS the total number of inhabitants in a certain country or region that participates in B2C E-Commerce.
 E-COMMERCE MARKETPLACE
platforms where third-party merchants (B2C) or individuals (C2C) can sell their digital or physical products
online whereas the marketplace operator acts as an intermediary.
The following expressions and definitions are used in this market report*:
Note: *the definitions used by the original sources might differ from the ones stated on this chart; the exact definition used by each source, where available, is included on the respective
charts

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (1 OF 4)
1. Management Summary
2. Global Developments
• Number of Active Mobile Broadband Subscriptions Worldwide, in millions and per 100 Inhabitants, by Region, 2011 – 2016e
• Number of Smartphone Connections, in millions, by Region, 2010-2021f
• M-Commerce Share of Total B2C E-Commerce Sales, in %, 2016 & 2021f
• Mobile Share of Total B2C E-Commerce Transactions, in %, by Selected Countries, Q2 2016
• Breakdown of Devices Preferred for Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, 2016
• Mobile Shopper Penetration, by Total and Via App, in % of Internet Users, by Region, March 2016
• Reasons to Conduct Shopping-Related Activities On Mobile Devices, in % of Internet Users, by Region, March 2016
• Types of Websites/Apps Purchased from via Mobile, in % of Mobile Shoppers, by Region, August 2016
• Payment Methods Used in Mobile Shopping, in % of Mobile Shoppers, by Selected Regions, August 2016
• Product Categories Purchased via Mobile Devices, in % of Mobile Shoppers, August 2016
• Top 6 Countries by Share of Internet Users Who Made a Purchase via Mobile App, in %, March 2016
• Mobile Shopper Penetration, in % of Online Shoppers, by Selected Countries and Territories, February 2017
• Share of Online Shoppers Who Believe that Mobile Sites Are Not Easy to Use, in % of Online Shoppers, by Selected Countries and
Territories, February 2017
• Top 3 Technology Investments Planned by Retailers, by In-Store and Outside of Store, in % of Retailers, February 2017
3. China
• Number of Mobile Internet Users, in millions, and Penetration, in % of Internet Users, 2012 - 2016
• Number of Mobile Shoppers, in millions, and Penetration, in % of Mobile Internet Users, 2012 - 2016
• M-Commerce Sales, in CNY billion and in % of Total Retail E-Commerce Sales, by Four Comparative Estimates, 2014 – 2020f
• Ways Used to Access E-Commerce Websites, in % of Online Shoppers, 2016
• Mobile Shopping Apps Installed, in % of Online Shoppers, 2016
• Breakdown of Number of Mobile Shopping Apps Used, in %, 2015
• Share of WeChat Users Who Have Shopped from WeChat, in %, and Breakdown of Channels Used for Shopping from WeChat, in %,
January 2016
4. Japan
• Number of Smartphone Users, in millions, and Penetration, in % of Mobile Phone Users, 2014-2020f

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (2 OF 4)
4. Japan (Cont.)
• M-Commerce Sales, in JPY trillion, and Share of Total B2C E-Commerce Sales, in %, 2015 & 2016
• M-Commerce Sales, in USD billion, and Share of B2C E-Commerce Sales, in %, 2013 – 2016e & 2020f
• Top 3 Mobile Shopping Platforms by Number of Users, in millions, Audience Reach, in %, and Year-on-Year Change, in %, May 2016
5. South Korea
• Smartphone Penetration by Age Group, in % of Individuals, Q3 2016
• Online Shopper Penetration, by Device and Total, in % of Internet Users, Q3 2016
• Breakdown of Devices Most Used for Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, January 2017
• Mobile Shopper Penetration, in % of Internet Users, by Age Group and Total, Q3 2016
• M-Commerce Share of B2C E-Commerce Sales, in %, 2016
• M-Commerce Sales, in KRW trillion, and Share of E-Commerce Sales, in %, 2014-2016
• M-Commerce Sales by Product Category, in KRW billion, and M-Commerce Share of E-Commerce Sales in Each Category, in %, 2016
• Top E-Commerce Platforms Purchased from, in % of Mobile Shoppers and PC Shoppers, January 2017
6. Australia
• Smartphone Penetration, in % of Adults, June 2015 and June 2016
• Frequency of Mobile Shopping, in % of Mobile Shoppers, August 2016
• Reasons for Online Shopping Via Mobile Devices, in % of Mobile Shoppers, August 2016
• Product Categories Purchased Via Mobile Devices, in % of Mobile Shoppers, August 2016
7. India
• Smartphone Users, in millions, 2016e & 2020f
• Breakdown of Online Spending by Mobile and Desktop/PC, in %, May 2016
• M-Commerce Sales, in USD billion, and Share of Retail E-Commerce Sales, in %, 2015 – 2020f
• Mobile Shopper Penetration, in % of Smartphone Users, and Breakdown of Intention to Shop via Mobile in the Future Among Non-Mobile
Shoppers, in %, 2016
• Breakdown of Mobile Shoppers by Preferring Mobile Apps and Mobile Websites for Shopping Through Mobile Phone, 2016

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (3 OF 4)
8. Indonesia
• Breakdown of Devices Used to Access the Internet, in % of Internet Users, 2016
• Breakdown of Devices Used for Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, by Age Group, August 2016
• Share of Mobile Connected Device Owners Who Purchase via Mobile Device and Who Use a Mobile App to Make a Purchase, in %, Q1
2016
• Share of Smartphone Users Who Bought a Product or Service Within an App, in %, and Share of Online Shopping Done Through Mobile
Apps, in %, June 2016
9. Thailand
• Smartphone Penetration, in % of Individuals, 2012-2016
• Devices Used to Access the Internet, in % of Internet Users, Q1 2016
• Share of Smartphone Users Who Bought a Product or Service Within an App, in %, and Share of Online Shopping Done Through Mobile
Apps, in %, June 2016
• Top Smartphone Activities, incl. “Purchase”, in % of Internet Users, October 2015
• Share of Internet Users Conducting Selected E-Commerce Activities via Mobile Devices Compared to Computers, in %, May 2016
• M-Commerce Spending, in THB billion, and Share of Total Online Spending, in %, 2016e - 2018f
10. Singapore
• M-Commerce Spending, in THB billion, and Share of Total Online Spending, in %, 2016e - 2018f
• Breakdown of Devices Used for Research and Purchase Online, in % of Online Shoppers, September 2016
• Share of Smartphone Users Who Bought a Product or Service Within an App, in %, and Share of Online Shopping Done Through Mobile
Apps, in %, June 2016
• M-Commerce Share of B2C E-Commerce Sales, in %, 2011 - 2015
• Average M-Commerce Share of Online Spending, in %, 2016
• Drivers and Barriers to Mobile Purchases, in % of Mobile Shoppers, August 2016
11. Malaysia
• Devices Used to Access the Internet, in % of Internet Users, 2015
• Top 20 Activities Conducted via Connected Mobile Devices, incl. Shopping-Related, in % of Internet Users, March 2016

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (4 OF 4)
11. Malaysia (Cont.)
• Share of Online Shoppers Buying via Smartphones, in %, November 2016
• Share of Smartphone Users Who Bought a Product or Service Within an App, in %, and Share of Online Shopping Done Through Mobile
Apps, in %, June 2016
• M-Commerce Sales, in MYR million, and Share of Total B2C E-Commerce Sales, in %, 2013 – 2020f
12. Vietnam
• Mobile 3G Connections, in millions, 2013 –2016
• Smartphone Users, in millions, and Penetration, in % of Population, 2015 – 2020f
• Devices Used for Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, August 2016
• Share of Smartphone Users Who Bought a Product or Service Within an App, in %, and Share of Online Shopping Done Through Mobile
Apps, in %, June 2016
13. Philippines
• Smartphone Users, in millions, and Penetration, in % of Mobile Phone Users, 2014 – 2020f
• Breakdown of Internet Traffic, by Device, in %, April 2016 & April 2017
• Share of Smartphone Users Who Bought a Product or Service Within an App, in %, and Share of Online Shopping Done Through Mobile
Apps, in %, June 2016

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1. Management Summary 11 – 14
2. Global Developments 15 – 30
3. China 31 – 38
4. Japan 39 – 43
5. South Korea 44 – 52
6. Australia 53 – 57
7. India 58 – 63
8. Indonesia 64 – 68
9. Thailand 69 – 75
10. Singapore 76 – 82
11. Malaysia 83 – 88
12. Vietnam 89 – 93
13. Philippines 94 – 97

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Mobile Shoppers
83%
Other Smartphone
Owners
17%
Breakdown of Future Intention
Among Non-Mobile Shoppers
Penetration Among Smartphone
Owners
Would Try Shopping
Through Mobile
Phone In the Future
31%
Maybe Would
29%
Would Not
40%
83% of smartphone users in India made purchases through mobile in
2016, and among non-mobile shoppers, 60% would try it in the future.
India: Mobile Shopper Penetration, in % of Smartphone Users, and Breakdown of Intention to Shop via
Mobile in the Future Among Non-Mobile Shoppers, in %, 2016
Survey: based on a survey of male and female smartphone owners, ages 18-34; questions asked: “Do you shop online on retail platforms like Flipkart, Snapdeal through your
mobile phone?” and “Would you try shopping on online retail platforms through your mobile phone in future?”
Source: Regalix, November 2016

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21%
51%
75%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Tablets
Smartphone
Computer and Laptop
in % of Online Shoppers
“Smartphone” was used by 51% of online shoppers in Vietnam to
make purchases over the Internet, as of August 2016.
Vietnam: Devices Used for Online Shopping, in % of Online Shoppers, August 2016
Survey: based on a survey of 600 internet users, conducted in August 2016; question asked: over the last 3 months, have you purchased anything online?; the base of
respondents to this question were 565 online shoppers
Source: DI Marketing, August 2016

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