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1. CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
TOPIC - URINARY BLADDER CANCER
Submitted by – Submitted to – DR. Subharaj Panda
Name – Samikshya Patel
Regd.No – 221704400012
Branch - BMRT

2. CONTENT -
 Introduction
 Definition
 Classification
 Management
 Chemo therapy
 Use and effect of radiation
 Surgical management

3. DEFINITION:-
 Bladder cancer is a disease in which the
cell lining the urinary bladder loose the
ability to regulate their growth , results in
a mass of cells that form a tumour.
 The bladder cancer is most common
which accounts for more than 14,000
deaths in US.
 Bladder cancer is where a growth of
abnormal tissue is known as a tumour,
develops in the lining of the bladder.
 In some cases the tumour spreads in to
surrounding muscles.

4. CLASSIFICATION:-
 Non muscle invasive bladder cancer- this is the most common type of bladder cancer
in which the cancerous cells are contained inside of the bladder.
 Muscle invasive bladder cancer-in this the cancerous cells spread beyond the lining
into the surrounding muscle of the bladder.
 TNM classification – it consist of stages according to tumour, nodes and metastasis.

6. MANAGEMENT :-
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• Chemotherapy- chemotherapy can be used alone or in combination with surgery or radiotherapy .
it can be in two forms.
1. General Chemotherapy –
• It involves putting chemotherapy medications directly in to the bladder for several hours at a
time.
1. General chemotherapy –
• It involves circulation of medication throughout the body.
• CHEMO DRUG IN BLADDER CANCER –
1. Cardoplatin 5-Fu
2. Combination of methotrexate, vinblastine, dexorubicin , cisplastin

7. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
1. Trnsurethral resection
2. Incontient urinary diversion
3. Contient urinary diversion.

8. RADIOTHERAPY
• The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and
other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
• Radiation therapy, also called radiation oncology, radiotherapy, or therapeutic
radiology, the use of ionizing radiation (high-energy radiation that displaces
electrons from atoms and molecules) to destroy cancer cells.
• Overall, there are five basic steps of radiation therapy that we can share to give
patients an idea of what to expect.
• These steps include initial consultation, simulation, treatment planning, treatment
delivery and post treatment follow-up

9. TYPES OF RADIOTHERAPY –
EXTERNAL RADIOTHERAPY
• Radiation given directly at the cancer cell in the bladder may be prior to surgery or after
surgery to shrink the size of the tumor.
INTERNAL RADIOTHERAPY
• This is done by inserting radiation implants in to the bladder.
BCG THERAPY ( Bascillus calmette guerin) is used to treat bladder cancer because it
stimulates immune response that can destroy cancer cells within the bladder.

10. • Side effects of radiation depend on the dose given and the area being treated. They tend to be worse when
chemo is given along with radiation. They can include:-
1.
1. Skin changes in areas getting radiation, ranging from redness to blistering and peeling
2. Nausea and vomiting
3. Bladder symptoms, like burning or pain when you urinate, feeling the need to go often, or blood in your
urine
4. Diarrhea
5. Blood in stool and/or urine
6. Tiredness (fatigue)
7. Low blood counts, which can lead to fatigue, easy bruising or bleeding, or increased risk of infection
POSSIBLE SIDE-EFFECTS OF RADIATION THERAPY -

11. PREVENTION:-
• Quit smoking
• Limit exposure to certain Chemicals in
the workplace.
• Drink plenty of water.
• Srick to a balanced and healthy diet.