Here are the six basic knots that every sailor should know: 1. The overhand or thumb knot is used to stop the end of a rope from running. 2. The square knot is useful for joining ropes together. 3. A figure eight knot prevents ropes from escaping like an overhand knot. 4. The bowline forms a fixed loop in the rope. 5. A clove hitch secures a rope to a post by forming loops.

1. SAILING
RAMON PAGÀ, MARC SANSALONI, ALEIX VENTURA , JÚLIA
ALEGRE I ALBERT MONTESÓ.

2. Here are the SIX BASIC KNOTS
that every sailor should know how to
tie:
● Overhand or thumb knot, is the
simplest knot. It is used to stop
the end of a rope from running
● Overhand or through a block or up the mast.
thumb knot: ● The square knot is the best
● Square knot: known sailors' knot. It is really
just two overhand knots. It is
useful for joining small ropes
together, tying sail covers,
reefing, lashing, and for tying in
battens.

3. Other knots:
● Figure eight: ● A figure eight knot is very
quick and easy to tie. It is
used like the overhand knot,
as a stopper knot in the end
of a line, or sheet, to prevent
ropes from escaping.To tie a
figure-8, start with an
underhand loop by crossing
the running end behind the
standing part.

4. ● Form a small loop leaving
● Bowline: enough rope for the desired
loop size.
● Form a loop in the working
end of the rope. Place it over
Clove hitch: the post.

5. Types of Sailboats:
The Modern Sloop: The most common type of small to midsize
sailboat is the sloop. The rig is one mast and two sails. The main sail
is tall and triangular.

6. Racing Sloop:
Here’s another example
of a sloop with a
Bermuda rig. This is the
sailboat Puma in the
2009. The sails are
much bigger than found
on sailboats, but the
general rig is the same.

7. Fractional Sloop Rig:
Here’s a small boat.
This is still a Bermuda
rig, but the main sail is
proportionally larger and
the rig smaller, for ease
of handling and
maximum power.

8. Cat Rig:
This Sailboat has got
only one sail, while a
sloop always has two
sails. Note that the mast
is positioned very far
forward, almost at the
bow, making room for a
very long-footed
mainsail.

9. Cat-Rigged Racing Dinghy:
Here’s another cat rig,
which works well on
small racing dinghies
like this Laser. With a
small boat and one
sailor, a cat rig has the
advantages of being
simple to trim and very
maneuverable when
racing.

10. Yawl:
A yawl is very similar to
a ketch. The
mizzenmast is usually
smaller and set farther
aft, behind the rudder
post, while in a ketch
the mizzenmast is
forward of the rudder
post.

11. Schooner:
A typical schooner also
has two masts, but the
masts are positioned
more forward in the
boat. Unlike in a ketch
or yawl, the forward
mast is smaller than the
aft mast.

12. Parts of Boat
• MAST(màstil): Is the basic • PORT (babor): It’s the left
post that holds the big sail. part of the boat.
• FLOC (floc): It’s the • BOW (proa): It’s the front
smallest sail and is situated of the boat.
in front of boat. • AFT (popa): It’s the
• STARBOARD (estribor): behind part of the boat.
It’s right part of the boat. • FIN (aleta): It’s the corner
• TIMO (timó):It’s the which is behind of casc.
essential part that controls • SCOTUS (escota):
the direction of the boat. Controls the opening of the
big sail and floc.

13. PARTS OF THE SAIL
• MAJOR (major): It’s • DRISS (puny de
the biggest sail and is drisa): It’s the point that
situated behind the floc. finishes the big sail.
● ESPINNAKER(espinn • BALUMA (baluma): It’s
aker): It’s a very the exterior part of the
potent sail which is sail where the wind
used in the biggest exits.
boats. • GRÀTIL (gràtil): It’s the
interior part of the sail
where the wind enters.