A small open-fronted hut or cubicle from which newspapers, refreshments, tickets, etc. are sold.
A kiosk is a small physical structure that displays information for people walking by.
Modernism arose in the late 19th century as a philosophical movement in response to industrialization. Notable modernist architects included Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, and Frank Lloyd Wright. Modern architecture developed new building materials and techniques. Styles included the Chicago School, Expressionism, the International Style, and Brutalism. Postmodernism emerged in the 1970s as a reaction against modernism. Deconstructivism from the 1980s fragmented and layered forms. Folding architecture from the 1990s integrated differences through smooth layering inspired by geology and cooking.
This document discusses conservation as an interdisciplinary field that involves preserving cultural and natural heritage. It defines conservation as measures to safeguard tangible and intangible heritage for present and future generations. The three main types of conservation are preventive conservation to avoid deterioration, remedial conservation to arrest current damage, and restoration to facilitate appreciation and use. Conservation requires backgrounds in fine arts, sciences, and related fields. Career opportunities in conservation include specializations in books/paper, textiles, architecture, conservation science, and more. Statutory bodies and laws in Malaysia also support conservation efforts of natural, cultural, and built heritage.
Antoni Gaudi was a Spanish architect known for developing a unique modernist style characterized by undulating curves and richly textured surfaces. He never made formal plans, instead creating 3D models to design his buildings. His most famous work is the Sagrada Familia basilica in Barcelona, whose construction spanned Gaudi's entire career and remains unfinished. Gaudi sought to blend structural function with ornate decoration inspired by nature, and he is renowned for buildings like Casa Batlló whose dramatic facades seem to come alive through a riot of mosaic tiles.
The document provides information about Geographer Café located in Melaka, Malaysia. It discusses the history and building owners of the café. Floor plans, elevations, and other drawings of the building are included. An analysis of the site context and surrounding area is presented, covering socio-cultural festivals, activities, and the rebirth of nearby Jonker Street. Architectural features of the café such as its eclectic style incorporating Chinese, Dutch, French and Portuguese influences are described.
This document provides excerpts from Italo Calvino's novel "Invisible Cities" describing several fictional cities: Diomira, Isidora, Zaira, Zora, and Maurilia. Each city is summarized in 1-3 sentences highlighting unique architectural features, histories, or qualities that distinguish them from other cities.
Rajasthan Vernacular Houses Jalwali and KhidratMadhu Sagar
The document provides information about the vernacular architecture of Rajasthan, India. It discusses the mud architecture found in the Bikaner district of Rajasthan, which lies in the northern part of the Thar Desert. It describes the climatic conditions, typical house and village layouts, and distinctive architectural features like grain storage jars seen in villages like Jalwali.
A small open-fronted hut or cubicle from which newspapers, refreshments, tickets, etc. are sold.
A kiosk is a small physical structure that displays information for people walking by.
Modernism arose in the late 19th century as a philosophical movement in response to industrialization. Notable modernist architects included Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, and Frank Lloyd Wright. Modern architecture developed new building materials and techniques. Styles included the Chicago School, Expressionism, the International Style, and Brutalism. Postmodernism emerged in the 1970s as a reaction against modernism. Deconstructivism from the 1980s fragmented and layered forms. Folding architecture from the 1990s integrated differences through smooth layering inspired by geology and cooking.
This document discusses conservation as an interdisciplinary field that involves preserving cultural and natural heritage. It defines conservation as measures to safeguard tangible and intangible heritage for present and future generations. The three main types of conservation are preventive conservation to avoid deterioration, remedial conservation to arrest current damage, and restoration to facilitate appreciation and use. Conservation requires backgrounds in fine arts, sciences, and related fields. Career opportunities in conservation include specializations in books/paper, textiles, architecture, conservation science, and more. Statutory bodies and laws in Malaysia also support conservation efforts of natural, cultural, and built heritage.
Antoni Gaudi was a Spanish architect known for developing a unique modernist style characterized by undulating curves and richly textured surfaces. He never made formal plans, instead creating 3D models to design his buildings. His most famous work is the Sagrada Familia basilica in Barcelona, whose construction spanned Gaudi's entire career and remains unfinished. Gaudi sought to blend structural function with ornate decoration inspired by nature, and he is renowned for buildings like Casa Batlló whose dramatic facades seem to come alive through a riot of mosaic tiles.
The document provides information about Geographer Café located in Melaka, Malaysia. It discusses the history and building owners of the café. Floor plans, elevations, and other drawings of the building are included. An analysis of the site context and surrounding area is presented, covering socio-cultural festivals, activities, and the rebirth of nearby Jonker Street. Architectural features of the café such as its eclectic style incorporating Chinese, Dutch, French and Portuguese influences are described.
This document provides excerpts from Italo Calvino's novel "Invisible Cities" describing several fictional cities: Diomira, Isidora, Zaira, Zora, and Maurilia. Each city is summarized in 1-3 sentences highlighting unique architectural features, histories, or qualities that distinguish them from other cities.
Rajasthan Vernacular Houses Jalwali and KhidratMadhu Sagar
The document provides information about the vernacular architecture of Rajasthan, India. It discusses the mud architecture found in the Bikaner district of Rajasthan, which lies in the northern part of the Thar Desert. It describes the climatic conditions, typical house and village layouts, and distinctive architectural features like grain storage jars seen in villages like Jalwali.
Symbolic architecture emerged in the late 19th century as architects sought to express personal visions and escape from reality through simplified styles infused with mysticism and cultural references. It uses symbols linked to history and society to convey particular meanings without a direct causal relationship. Examples include the Aceh Tsunami Museum, designed to commemorate tsunami victims through a corridor mimicking the disaster and a roof resembling waves, and the Notre Dame du Haut Chapel, creating a space of prayer through its curved shape embracing visitors while seeming to reach skyward.
HERITAGE- It is not only about built heritage but includes certain distinctive open areas, neighborhoods, and environs
which are of historical, aesthetic,
cultural or sociological interest and
value which we would like to preserve
for the posterity as they enrich our
history and traditions.Heritage characteristics to be
preserved or conserved are
identified as elevational features,
floor heights, cornices, special
carvings designs, motifs,
architectural style, roof-scape
etc.
Conserving and preserving the
Heritage of our historical possession
in its pristine and original form, so
that it continues to portray its original
beauty, distinctive character, unique
style or use or association with a
distinctive historical personality or
event
Organic architecture aims to create harmony between buildings and their natural surroundings. It incorporates principles seen in nature, like form following function. Frank Lloyd Wright was influential in developing organic architecture in the early 20th century. He emphasized integrating buildings with their sites through geometric shapes, horizontal lines, and other signature design elements. Wright lived and worked at Taliesin, his home and school in Wisconsin, where he taught apprentices and oversaw construction of projects, before wintering with his apprentices at Taliesin West in Arizona.
Raj Rewal is an Indian architect born in 1934 in Hoshiarpur, India. He received his early education in India and then attended architecture schools in London and Paris in the 1950s. Notable influences on his work include Le Corbusier and traditional Indian architecture. Rewal's designs emphasize structure, materials, and climatic sensitivity. He is known for housing projects that draw from traditional Indian urban forms like narrow streets, courtyards, and roof terraces. His works include the Asian Games Village in Delhi and the National Institute of Immunology.
This document discusses the architectural principle of "form follows function". It begins by quoting Louis Sullivan stating that this principle is a universal law that applies to both organic and inorganic things, as well as physical and metaphysical things. The form or expression of something is recognizable through its function.
It then provides examples of how form depends on function for different types of buildings and structures. The form of a movie theater or farmhouse, for instance, depends on its long-term function and intended use. Product design is also influenced by considering a product's entire lifecycle from conception to use and retirement.
Finally, it discusses how realizing an appropriate form for a building or structure involves a professional design team that considers the
This document discusses passive design strategies for buildings in cold climatic zones. It provides information on passive heating, cooling, and design elements like solar orientation, thermal mass, insulation, and ventilation. It then summarizes two case studies: the Himurja building in Shimla, which uses features like air heating panels, double glazed windows, and solar energy systems, and the MLA Hostel in Shimla, which incorporates strategies such as solar orientation, insulation, sunspaces, and innovative heating systems.
This document discusses the vernacular architecture of Rajasthan, India. It provides an introduction to Rajasthan's location and climate, which is generally arid or semi-arid with hot temperatures year-round. It then lists various types of traditional architectural structures found in Rajasthan, including buildings from cities like Jaipur and Jaisalmer, as well as Bhonga architecture - a cylindrical building with a conical roof. The document also briefly discusses the culture and tribes of Rajasthan.
Time saver standards for interior designsuzain ali
This document outlines the key details of a new product launch by a leading electronics company. The company will unveil a new smartwatch at its annual fall event that features enhanced health and fitness tracking capabilities, improved battery life, and a more durable and lighter design compared to previous models. The new watch will be available to purchase later in the fall and aims to further grow the company's presence in the wearables market.
The document discusses vernacular architecture, which refers to traditional construction methods used by local builders without professional architects. It focuses on vernacular architecture in hill regions of India, describing characteristics like use of local materials, load-bearing structures, small openings, and sloping roofs. Specific examples from Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir, and Ladakh are provided, including construction techniques like dhajji walls and materials used like wood, stone, and mud. The importance of studying vernacular architecture for disaster recovery and sustainable design is also noted.
Model Guidelines for Development and Regulation of Retirement HomesSailesh Mishra
Happy to share India's First 'Model Guidelines for Development and Regulation of Retirement Homes' by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Govt. of India.
Million Thanks to Minister Hardeep SinghPuri, Sucheta Dalal and Team Moneylife India
Original Link and Courtesy: http://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Retirement%20Model%20Guidelines%20Book.pdf
Deconstructivism is an architectural movement that began in the late 1980s that is characterized by fragmentation and unpredictability. It rejects traditional notions of structure and form, instead using fragmentation and distortion. Some key figures in deconstructivism include Zaha Hadid, Frank Gehry, Daniel Libeskind, and Rem Koolhaas. They designed notable buildings using fragmented and irregular forms, such as Gehry's Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao and Libeskind's Jewish Museum in Berlin.
Nisha Parwani,B.Sc-Interior Design,2years Residential and commercial Design P...dezyneecole
This project is created based on the commercial design concepts learned by me at Dezyne E'cole College for the retail design creation .
you can see my product design creations too here .
Padma Shri Achyut Kanvinde was an Indian architect born in 1916 who helped pioneer modern architecture in India. He studied at Sir J.J. School of Art in Mumbai and Harvard Graduate School of Design, then returned to India where he designed several notable buildings including the Nehru Science Centre in Mumbai, the ISKCON Temple in New Delhi, and buildings for the Indian Institute of Technology in Kanpur and New Delhi. Kanvinde's designs emphasized natural light, ventilation, and a functional modern style influenced by international trends but grounded in Indian traditions like vastushastra.
This document provides an overview of composite climates and guidelines for building design in these climates. It describes the nature of composite climates, which have characteristics of both hot/dry and warm/humid climates, alternating between long hot periods and shorter rainy periods. The key design criteria are resisting heat gain in summer and heat loss in winter. Recommendations include proper orientation, thick walls and roofs, courtyards, shading, insulation, and ventilation. Traditional dwellings in Delhi and a contemporary solar energy center in Gurgaon are discussed as case studies.
The document summarizes traditional South Indian architecture and culture. It describes the Mysore Palace, built in 1897, as the prime example. It combines elements of Hindu, Islamic, Rajput, and Gothic styles. The palace's three stories are made of stone and marble, surrounded by gardens. South Indian classical music, Carnatic music, and elaborate dance forms like Bharatanatyam are highlighted as integral parts of the region's culture. Sculptures at temples exemplify the expression and preservation of dance.
Vernacular architecture is architecture characterised by the use of local materials and knowledge, usually without the supervision of professional architects. Vernacular architecture represents the majority of buildings and settlements created in pre-industrial societies and includes a very wide range of buildings, building traditions, and methods of construction.[1] Vernacular buildings are typically simple and practical, whether residential houses or built for other purposes.[2]
Although it encompassed 95% of the world's built environment in 1969,[3] vernacular architecture tends to be overlooked in traditional histories of design. It is not one specific style, so it cannot be distilled into a series of easy-to-digest patterns, materials, or elements.[4] Because of the usage of traditional building methods and local builders, vernacular buildings are considered part of a regional culture.
Vernacular architecture can be contrasted against elite or polite architecture which is characterized by stylistic elements of design intentionally incorporated for aesthetic purposes which go beyond a building's functional requirements. This article also covers the term traditional architecture, which exists somewhere between the two extremes yet still is based upon authentic themes
Vernacular Architecture of GOA. All the details about the vernacular architecture of goa. The design criteria for the warm and humid climate is such as goa design criteria. Vernacular architecture of goa is consist of Portuguese, Indian and Islamic architecture. The presentation also contain the details about the element of architecture used in building such as window balcons etc.
Goa is combination of three culture mainly and we can find all the test of architecture through there building.
analysing the celebrated buildings of star architects and using a different perspective to look at buildings. For any queries please feel free to mail me at nathigale@gmail.com
comment in the section below, if you want the soft copy! :)
Symbolic architecture emerged in the late 19th century as architects sought to express personal visions and escape from reality through simplified styles infused with mysticism and cultural references. It uses symbols linked to history and society to convey particular meanings without a direct causal relationship. Examples include the Aceh Tsunami Museum, designed to commemorate tsunami victims through a corridor mimicking the disaster and a roof resembling waves, and the Notre Dame du Haut Chapel, creating a space of prayer through its curved shape embracing visitors while seeming to reach skyward.
HERITAGE- It is not only about built heritage but includes certain distinctive open areas, neighborhoods, and environs
which are of historical, aesthetic,
cultural or sociological interest and
value which we would like to preserve
for the posterity as they enrich our
history and traditions.Heritage characteristics to be
preserved or conserved are
identified as elevational features,
floor heights, cornices, special
carvings designs, motifs,
architectural style, roof-scape
etc.
Conserving and preserving the
Heritage of our historical possession
in its pristine and original form, so
that it continues to portray its original
beauty, distinctive character, unique
style or use or association with a
distinctive historical personality or
event
Organic architecture aims to create harmony between buildings and their natural surroundings. It incorporates principles seen in nature, like form following function. Frank Lloyd Wright was influential in developing organic architecture in the early 20th century. He emphasized integrating buildings with their sites through geometric shapes, horizontal lines, and other signature design elements. Wright lived and worked at Taliesin, his home and school in Wisconsin, where he taught apprentices and oversaw construction of projects, before wintering with his apprentices at Taliesin West in Arizona.
Raj Rewal is an Indian architect born in 1934 in Hoshiarpur, India. He received his early education in India and then attended architecture schools in London and Paris in the 1950s. Notable influences on his work include Le Corbusier and traditional Indian architecture. Rewal's designs emphasize structure, materials, and climatic sensitivity. He is known for housing projects that draw from traditional Indian urban forms like narrow streets, courtyards, and roof terraces. His works include the Asian Games Village in Delhi and the National Institute of Immunology.
This document discusses the architectural principle of "form follows function". It begins by quoting Louis Sullivan stating that this principle is a universal law that applies to both organic and inorganic things, as well as physical and metaphysical things. The form or expression of something is recognizable through its function.
It then provides examples of how form depends on function for different types of buildings and structures. The form of a movie theater or farmhouse, for instance, depends on its long-term function and intended use. Product design is also influenced by considering a product's entire lifecycle from conception to use and retirement.
Finally, it discusses how realizing an appropriate form for a building or structure involves a professional design team that considers the
This document discusses passive design strategies for buildings in cold climatic zones. It provides information on passive heating, cooling, and design elements like solar orientation, thermal mass, insulation, and ventilation. It then summarizes two case studies: the Himurja building in Shimla, which uses features like air heating panels, double glazed windows, and solar energy systems, and the MLA Hostel in Shimla, which incorporates strategies such as solar orientation, insulation, sunspaces, and innovative heating systems.
This document discusses the vernacular architecture of Rajasthan, India. It provides an introduction to Rajasthan's location and climate, which is generally arid or semi-arid with hot temperatures year-round. It then lists various types of traditional architectural structures found in Rajasthan, including buildings from cities like Jaipur and Jaisalmer, as well as Bhonga architecture - a cylindrical building with a conical roof. The document also briefly discusses the culture and tribes of Rajasthan.
Time saver standards for interior designsuzain ali
This document outlines the key details of a new product launch by a leading electronics company. The company will unveil a new smartwatch at its annual fall event that features enhanced health and fitness tracking capabilities, improved battery life, and a more durable and lighter design compared to previous models. The new watch will be available to purchase later in the fall and aims to further grow the company's presence in the wearables market.
The document discusses vernacular architecture, which refers to traditional construction methods used by local builders without professional architects. It focuses on vernacular architecture in hill regions of India, describing characteristics like use of local materials, load-bearing structures, small openings, and sloping roofs. Specific examples from Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir, and Ladakh are provided, including construction techniques like dhajji walls and materials used like wood, stone, and mud. The importance of studying vernacular architecture for disaster recovery and sustainable design is also noted.
Model Guidelines for Development and Regulation of Retirement HomesSailesh Mishra
Happy to share India's First 'Model Guidelines for Development and Regulation of Retirement Homes' by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Govt. of India.
Million Thanks to Minister Hardeep SinghPuri, Sucheta Dalal and Team Moneylife India
Original Link and Courtesy: http://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Retirement%20Model%20Guidelines%20Book.pdf
Deconstructivism is an architectural movement that began in the late 1980s that is characterized by fragmentation and unpredictability. It rejects traditional notions of structure and form, instead using fragmentation and distortion. Some key figures in deconstructivism include Zaha Hadid, Frank Gehry, Daniel Libeskind, and Rem Koolhaas. They designed notable buildings using fragmented and irregular forms, such as Gehry's Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao and Libeskind's Jewish Museum in Berlin.
Nisha Parwani,B.Sc-Interior Design,2years Residential and commercial Design P...dezyneecole
This project is created based on the commercial design concepts learned by me at Dezyne E'cole College for the retail design creation .
you can see my product design creations too here .
Padma Shri Achyut Kanvinde was an Indian architect born in 1916 who helped pioneer modern architecture in India. He studied at Sir J.J. School of Art in Mumbai and Harvard Graduate School of Design, then returned to India where he designed several notable buildings including the Nehru Science Centre in Mumbai, the ISKCON Temple in New Delhi, and buildings for the Indian Institute of Technology in Kanpur and New Delhi. Kanvinde's designs emphasized natural light, ventilation, and a functional modern style influenced by international trends but grounded in Indian traditions like vastushastra.
This document provides an overview of composite climates and guidelines for building design in these climates. It describes the nature of composite climates, which have characteristics of both hot/dry and warm/humid climates, alternating between long hot periods and shorter rainy periods. The key design criteria are resisting heat gain in summer and heat loss in winter. Recommendations include proper orientation, thick walls and roofs, courtyards, shading, insulation, and ventilation. Traditional dwellings in Delhi and a contemporary solar energy center in Gurgaon are discussed as case studies.
The document summarizes traditional South Indian architecture and culture. It describes the Mysore Palace, built in 1897, as the prime example. It combines elements of Hindu, Islamic, Rajput, and Gothic styles. The palace's three stories are made of stone and marble, surrounded by gardens. South Indian classical music, Carnatic music, and elaborate dance forms like Bharatanatyam are highlighted as integral parts of the region's culture. Sculptures at temples exemplify the expression and preservation of dance.
Vernacular architecture is architecture characterised by the use of local materials and knowledge, usually without the supervision of professional architects. Vernacular architecture represents the majority of buildings and settlements created in pre-industrial societies and includes a very wide range of buildings, building traditions, and methods of construction.[1] Vernacular buildings are typically simple and practical, whether residential houses or built for other purposes.[2]
Although it encompassed 95% of the world's built environment in 1969,[3] vernacular architecture tends to be overlooked in traditional histories of design. It is not one specific style, so it cannot be distilled into a series of easy-to-digest patterns, materials, or elements.[4] Because of the usage of traditional building methods and local builders, vernacular buildings are considered part of a regional culture.
Vernacular architecture can be contrasted against elite or polite architecture which is characterized by stylistic elements of design intentionally incorporated for aesthetic purposes which go beyond a building's functional requirements. This article also covers the term traditional architecture, which exists somewhere between the two extremes yet still is based upon authentic themes
Vernacular Architecture of GOA. All the details about the vernacular architecture of goa. The design criteria for the warm and humid climate is such as goa design criteria. Vernacular architecture of goa is consist of Portuguese, Indian and Islamic architecture. The presentation also contain the details about the element of architecture used in building such as window balcons etc.
Goa is combination of three culture mainly and we can find all the test of architecture through there building.
analysing the celebrated buildings of star architects and using a different perspective to look at buildings. For any queries please feel free to mail me at nathigale@gmail.com
comment in the section below, if you want the soft copy! :)
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1. Ecology &
The Saarinen Tulip Chair Production
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
Fall 2007
• v nonummo lessim el eu faccum atum • Ut nonummo lessim el eu faccum atum
• Modolesto doloreetum zzrit accum verit vel ut in • Modolesto doloreetum zzrit accum verit vel ut in
et adigna facipit et adigna facipit
2. Saarinen Tulip Chair
Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
X Product
Manufacturer
Personal History
Components
Lifecycle
Impacts
Improvements
Sources
• Designer: Eero Saarinen, 1956 • Price: $1000+
• Manufacturer: Knoll Inc., since 1957 Knock-offs
available
for $150+
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
3. Knoll, Inc.
Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
Product
X Manufacturer
Personal History
Components
Lifecycle
Impacts
Improvements
Sources
• American furniture company, founded 1938 • American plants ISO 14001 certified
• Office furniture + KnollStudio residential line • Products Greenguard certified or in process
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
4. My Chairs
Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
Product
Manufacturer
X Personal History
Components
Lifecycle
Impacts
Improvements
Sources
Todo
:
to ha Find a
ve en bi
ough gger apa
spac r
e for tment
it
• Table + four chairs, original pieces from 1960’s • Chance to own an original design classic
• Bought September 2007 from friend • Very good price
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
5. Components
Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
Product
Manufacturer
Personal History
X Components
Shell
Lifecycle
Molded Fiberglass with Impacts
plastic finish What ki Improvements
plas nd o
tic? f Sources
Cushion
Fabric covered Wha
t
foam of f kind
abri
c?
Base
Cast Aluminum with W
h
Rilsan finish R at is
ilsan
?
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
6. Overview
Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
Product
}
Raw Extraction of Manufacturer
Material Extraction of Extraction of Shearing of Extraction of
Glass Compo- Personal History
Bauxite Oil Fleece Cellulose
Extraction
Most i
nents
Components
X Lifecycle
Material
nteres
Production Refinement of Production of Production of Impacts
Oil Wool Yarns Rayon
Improvements
Sources
tin
Production of Production of Production of Production of Production of Production of Production of
g
Aluminum Rilsan Plastic finish Polymers Glass Fibers Foam Fabric
Parts
Production Production of Production of Production of
Chair Base Chair Shell Chair Cushion
Assembly
Assembly of
Chair
Use
Use of Chair
Disposal/
Recycling Disposal of
Disposal of Base Disposal of Shell
Cushion
Disposal of Disposal of Disposal of
Disposal of Coat
Aluminum Foam Textile
Process Transport
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
7. Raw Material Extraction
Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
Product
• Sand
Manufacturer
• Bauxite in • Crude Oil in • Soda Ash
Material ground ground • Limestone
• Sheep • Wood (Pulp)
Personal History
• Feldspar
Components
X Lifecycle
Impacts
• Electricity • Electricity Improvements
• Electricity • Electricity
Energy • Diesel oil • Diesel oil
• Diesel oil • Diesel oil
• Electricity
Sources
Raw
Material Extraction of
Extraction Extraction of Extraction of Sand, Lime- Shearing of Extraction of
Bauxite Crude Oil stone, Soda Ash, Fleece Cellulose
Feldspar
Wo
rig ol is
ht
? good • Waste water
Waste/ • Bulk waste • Oil containing , • Pesticide
• Solid Waste • Chemical
By-product Mud Residue
Waste
• CO2, CO, NOx,
• Particulates • Particulates
SOx
• CO2, CO, NOx, • SOx, NOx, CO2 • CO2, CO, NOx, • SOx, NOx, CO2
Emissions SOx
• Particulates,
• Suspended SOx • Suspended
VOC’s
Solids Solids
• Oil, Metals
• Global warming through methane gas • Extensive resource usage
• Water pollution through waste and • Reduced wildlife through predator ‘control’
sheep dipping • Cruel animal treatment practices
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
8. Material Production
Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
• Water • Caustic soda
• Water
• Silica Sand • Soap, Alkali • Carbon disul-
• Bauxite Ore • Polyurethane Product
• Extracted • Limestone • Chemical fide
Material • Lime
Crude Oil • Soda Ash
• Catalysts
solvents • Sulfuric acid Manufacturer
• Caustic soda • Blowing
• Cullet • Fleece • Water Cellu-
Agents Personal History
• Dye lose
Components
• Heat • Heat
X Lifecycle
• Electricity • Electricity Impacts
Energy • Diesel oil • Diesel oil
• Electricity • Electricity • Electricity • Electricity
Improvements
Sources
Material
Production e?
Bauxit Refinement of Production of Production of
a?
Alumin m? Oil Wool yarns Rayon
u
Alumin
Production of Production of Production of Production of Production of Production of Production of
Aluminum Rilsan Plastic finish Polymers Glass Fibers Foam Woven Fabric
• Sand, Dirt,
• Solid waste
• Bulk Waste • Bulk Waste • Bulk Waste Grease
Waste/ • Scrap (100%
• Hazardous • Hazardous • Hazardous • Cut Waste • Cut Waste • Waste water,
By-product Recycled)
Waste Waste Waste pesticide
• Textile waste
• Carbon disul-
• SO2, CO2 fide
• CO2, VOC’s
Emissions • Suspended • CO2, VOC’s • CO2, VOC’s • CO2, VOC’s
• Fibrous dust
• CO2, VOC’s • Hydrogen
Solids sulfide
• VOC’s
• 4-6 tones Bauxit 2 tones Alumina 1 ton Aluminum • Open cast mining
• Highly energy intensive production process • ~80-90% of mined area rehabilitated
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
9. Common Impacts
Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
Product
Manufacturer
Personal History
Components
Lifecycle
X Impacts
Improvements
Sources
• Natural resources exploration and extraction • Occupational hazards
• Population movements • Accidents
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
10. Specific Impacts
Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
Product
Manufacturer
Personal History
Components
Lifecycle
X Impacts
Improvements
Sources
• Plastics & foam highly dependent on oil • Initial aluminum production resource and
• High impact of wool on environment and wild- energy intensive
life but recycles
very well
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
11. Approaches
not mutually exclusive!
Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
Product
Manufacturer
Personal History
Components
Lifecycle
Impacts
X Improvements
Sources
• Lengthen life cycle • Increase share of recycled materials
• Provide recycling opportunities • Use alternative materials and processes
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
12. Certified Refurbishing
Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
Product
Manufacturer
Personal History
Components
Lifecycle
Impacts
X Improvements
Sources
Certified Refurbisher good
care
l take iece!
the y wil recious p
r p
o f you
• High end pieces, structural sound components • Establish and provide reference to network
• Wear and tear unavoidable of Knoll certified refurbishers
• Often disposed due to purely visual issues • Increases usable life cycle
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
13. Cross-Industry Recycling
Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
Product
Manufacturer
Personal History
Components
Lifecycle
Impacts
X Improvements
Sources
governmenta
l regulation
industry le not effectiv
adership ne e,
eded
• Single vendor recycling program not economical • Provide information on recycling opportunities
• Similar recyclable materials cross-vendor and • Make recycling more convenient
cross-industry • Further encouragement through coupon or
• Work with local recycling facilities rewards program
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
14. Recyled Materials
Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
Product
Manufacturer
Personal History
Shell
Components
Recycled glass or glass fibers Lifecycle
for fiberglass shell Impacts
X Improvements
Sources
Cushion
Recycled wool
Recycled foam
Base
Recycled aluminum
his
of t
uch
h ow m pening
ear ap
n ot cl ently h
rr
is cu
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
15. Alternative Materials
Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
Product
Manufacturer
Personal History
Shell
Components
able
Polypropylene re cycl Lifecycle
base Bio-based resin finish Impacts
d
corn on mate Improvements
, tap r X
ioca, ials lik
whea e s Sources
t an tarches
d po
tatoe from
s
Cushion
Organic cotton or hemp
Natural latex
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Base tech
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Less material revi
Bio-based resin finish
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
16. Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
Product
Manufacturer
Personal History
Components
Lifecycle
Impacts
X Improvements
Sources
0 years!
it f or another 5
let’ enjoy
s
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
17. Sources
Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
Product
Aluminum for Future Generations/European Aluminum Association, www.alufuture.org
Manufacturer
Answers.com, www.answers.com Personal History
Components
Argonne National Laboratory - Office of Technology Transfer, anl.gov Lifecycle
Impacts
Arkema Inc., www.arkema-inc.com Improvements
X Sources
Ashby, M. and Kara Johnson. Materials and Design. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002.
biopolymer.net, online resources for a better environment, biopolymer.net
Cereplast, Inc, cereplast.com
Environmental Literacy Council, www.enviroliteracy.org
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), www.epa.gov
FoamSource, foamsource.com
Cradle to Grave: How Products Impact Natural Systems, www.howproductsimpact.net
HermanMiller, herman-miller.com
International Aluminum Institute, www.world-aluminum.org/
Lewis, Helen, and John Gertsakis. Design + Environment. Greenleaf Pubns, 2001.
RocksAndMinerals.com, www.rocksandminerals.com/
The Shear Facts - Health, www.health.rmad.org/wool.htm
Wikipedia, www.en.wikipedia.org
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
18. Saarinen
Tulip
Chair
Martin Konrad Gloeckle
mgloeckle@yahoo.com
Thank Y
ou!