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Mitochondrial inhibition and inadequate energy production can cause cells to refuse death, stimulating immune cells like macrophages. Macrophages release molecules like reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and cytokines. Nitric oxide plays an important role by hypoxically suppressing aerobic glycolysis, oxidatively generating peroxynitrite in mitochondria to inhibit dominant energy generation, and affecting mutation receptors and signaling pathways to allow foreign DNA expression and cancer cell changes while silencing normal DNA.
