1. During the Soviet era in Russia, criminal tattoos were used to indicate a prisoner's rank and history within the criminal underworld. Political prisoners could be differentiated from regular criminals.
2. After World War 2, a split emerged between criminals who had fought for the Soviet army, violating the criminal code, and traditional thieves. New tattoo designs were created to distinguish the two groups.
3. In the 1950s and 60s, Khrushchev intensified punishment of traditional criminals. By the 1970s, the thieves' code was strengthened in response, but violence decreased. Tattooing became more widespread and lost some of its secret meaning.
El documento describe las características del aprendizaje autónomo, incluyendo el interés por aprender, conocimientos previos, habilidades cognitivas, capacidad de discernimiento, habilidades sociales y emocionales, aprendizaje autodirigido y hábitos académicos. También destaca las ventajas del aprendizaje autónomo como rapidez en el aprendizaje, menor costo, y la capacidad de aprender solo lo necesario a su propio ritmo y sin prejuicios.
A criminal gang based in Russia has established influence in Phuket, Thailand through money laundering activities like encroaching on forests and investing in luxury real estate and hotels, with the help of corrupt local officials and police. The opposition Rak Thailand Party leader said the Russian gang operates large casinos in Patong like "Tiger" and "Thung Thong", which launder over 100 million baht daily and pay off local immigration police. He called for investigations into the Russian gang's activities by the House committee on police affairs, national police, provincial police chief, and governor.
RR Donnelley is a global provider of integrated communications services with over 60,000 customers worldwide. It established Donnelley Logistics Services (DLS) in 1980 which provides distribution, delivery, and fulfillment services. In 2005, DLS Worldwide was created to optimize distribution through a network of over 120 locations across the US and globally, leveraging partnerships with core carriers to provide reliable transportation services in a cost effective manner.
Russian criminal tattoos served important communicative functions within the Soviet prison system. Tattoo designs indicated a prisoner's criminal rank, experience, and affiliations. Over time, new designs emerged that differentiated legitimate criminals from "traitors" who had cooperated with authorities. By the 1970s, prison overcrowding and reduced violence led criminal authorities to stop punishing prisoners for illegitimate tattoos, weakening the communicative role of such markings. However, some tattoos like stars and religious symbols retained significance in denoting a prisoner's status and experience within the criminal underworld.
A criminal gang based in Russia has established influence in Phuket, Thailand through money laundering activities like encroaching on forests and investing in luxury real estate and hotels, with the help of corrupt local officials and police. The opposition Rak Thailand Party leader said the Russian gang operates large casinos in Patong like "Tiger" and "Thung Thong", which launder over 100 million baht daily and pay off local immigration police. He called for investigations into the Russian gang's activities by the House committee on police affairs, national police, provincial police chief, and governor.
El documento resume las teorías del aprendizaje conductista. Explica que el conductismo se centra en el estímulo-respuesta y fue desarrollado por psicólogos como Watson, Pavlov y Skinner. También describe los principios del conductismo como el asociacionismo, el ambientalismo y el reforzamiento. La autora luego discute cómo el conductismo ha influenciado la educación y comparte su experiencia docente aplicando este enfoque.
El documento describe las características del aprendizaje autónomo, incluyendo el interés por aprender, conocimientos previos, habilidades cognitivas, capacidad de discernimiento, habilidades sociales y emocionales, aprendizaje autodirigido y hábitos académicos. También destaca las ventajas del aprendizaje autónomo como rapidez en el aprendizaje, menor costo, y la capacidad de aprender solo lo necesario a su propio ritmo y sin prejuicios.
A criminal gang based in Russia has established influence in Phuket, Thailand through money laundering activities like encroaching on forests and investing in luxury real estate and hotels, with the help of corrupt local officials and police. The opposition Rak Thailand Party leader said the Russian gang operates large casinos in Patong like "Tiger" and "Thung Thong", which launder over 100 million baht daily and pay off local immigration police. He called for investigations into the Russian gang's activities by the House committee on police affairs, national police, provincial police chief, and governor.
RR Donnelley is a global provider of integrated communications services with over 60,000 customers worldwide. It established Donnelley Logistics Services (DLS) in 1980 which provides distribution, delivery, and fulfillment services. In 2005, DLS Worldwide was created to optimize distribution through a network of over 120 locations across the US and globally, leveraging partnerships with core carriers to provide reliable transportation services in a cost effective manner.
Russian criminal tattoos served important communicative functions within the Soviet prison system. Tattoo designs indicated a prisoner's criminal rank, experience, and affiliations. Over time, new designs emerged that differentiated legitimate criminals from "traitors" who had cooperated with authorities. By the 1970s, prison overcrowding and reduced violence led criminal authorities to stop punishing prisoners for illegitimate tattoos, weakening the communicative role of such markings. However, some tattoos like stars and religious symbols retained significance in denoting a prisoner's status and experience within the criminal underworld.
A criminal gang based in Russia has established influence in Phuket, Thailand through money laundering activities like encroaching on forests and investing in luxury real estate and hotels, with the help of corrupt local officials and police. The opposition Rak Thailand Party leader said the Russian gang operates large casinos in Patong like "Tiger" and "Thung Thong", which launder over 100 million baht daily and pay off local immigration police. He called for investigations into the Russian gang's activities by the House committee on police affairs, national police, provincial police chief, and governor.
El documento resume las teorías del aprendizaje conductista. Explica que el conductismo se centra en el estímulo-respuesta y fue desarrollado por psicólogos como Watson, Pavlov y Skinner. También describe los principios del conductismo como el asociacionismo, el ambientalismo y el reforzamiento. La autora luego discute cómo el conductismo ha influenciado la educación y comparte su experiencia docente aplicando este enfoque.
The history of four terrorist organizations in the Balkans and a general introduction to terrorism and freedom fighting. Also includes essays about religious co-existence in the Balkans and about pathological narcissism as a precursor to terrorism.
CHAPTER EIGHT Asian Organized Crime Abadinsky, Organiz.docxbartholomeocoombs
CHAPTER EIGHT
Asian Organized Crime
Abadinsky, Organized Crime 10th ed.
Japan’s most popular television comic and host,
Shinsuke Shimada, retired from the entertainment
industry after admitting to extensive ties to the yakuza.
His ties to organized crime were disclosed when a series
of emails he sent to a yakuza boss were leaked to the
media by another senior yakuza figure who had been
the subject of derogatory comments made by the TV
host. The scandal disclosed yakuza domination of the
entertainment industry (Adelstein 2011).
This chapter examines the most prominent Asian
organized crime groups--Chinese and Japanese.
2
CHINESE ORGANIZED CRIME
Asian is an imprecise term that can include many
diverse groups. In the U.S., 34 distinct ethnic groups
make up Asian communities.
Secret societies have a long tradition in China, some
dating back to the beginning of the Common Era.
Criminal organizations in China are referred to as
"secret societies," "black gangs," or "black societies."
3
UNIQUE CULTURAL DYNAMICS
OF CHINESE SOCIETY
Born into a hierarchically organized society, Chinese
see selves bound in a web of mutual obligate bonds.
Part of a latent organization formed by guanxi.
Gianxi embraces many concepts such as
connections, networks, and patron-client relations.
Built on a series of dyadic relationships, some natural;
others must be acquired, cultivated, and maintained.
Parallel of partito, discussed in chapter 5.
4
UNIQUE CULTURAL DYNAMICS
OF CHINESE SOCIETY (CONT.)
Loyalty to family and friends is a moral imperative.
Qingqing parallels southern Italian famiglia.
Parental and filial obligations of reciprocity.
Resources are pooled. Each member must contribute.
Family must provide each member with resources for
living.
Pooling familial resources advances the business
interests of overseas Chinese.
5
Pronounced
“shingshing”
UNIQUE CULTURAL DYNAMICS
OF CHINESE SOCIETY (CONT.)
In this setting, law is marginalized to a position well
below mediative mechanisms in the social order.
Like famiglia and partito, guanxi and qingqing
facilitate criminal organization.
Guanxi is global, providing a dynamic for international
business, both legal and illegal.
Triads are a natural extension of these cultural
attributes.
6
TRIADS
7
Triad symbol: Equilateral triangle representing heaven,
earth, and man.
Members are assigned numbers based on their position:
Members are 49. Enforcers, "Red Poles," are 426. A
leader, "Hill Chief," is 489. Numbers always start with 4.
Ritualized dress and behavior. Secret hand signs and
passwords; elaborate initiation includes recitation of 36
blood oaths, each ends with death penalty for violation;
fee payment to sponsor.
TRIADS (CONT.)
Loose cartels of independent groups with similar
structures and rituals.
Members choose their own criminal activities. Do not
pay leade.
The Kingdom of God Free Essay Example. movie review kingdom of heaven.docx - Kingdom of Heaven is a movie .... Sample Publications – Nov-Dec 2015 | Present Truth. "Kingdom of Heaven" Film Analysis - 2127 Words | Essay Example. Grade 9 Reading Lesson 16 Essays My Wood 1 | Reading lessons, Reading .... Kingdom Of Heaven Essay - websitereports243.web.fc2.com. The Kingdom of Heaven - EXPLANATION. Essay kingdom of heaven. The Kingdom of Heaven. Kingdom Of God in Christianity an the Bible Free Essay Example.
military, of necessity, are trained to kill and destroy. That is a.docxannandleola
military, of necessity, are trained to kill and destroy. That is appropriate in war. However, do we want to use military forces to govern or patrol our cities and towns?
We do not know much about the very early history of the police. Policing—maintaining order and dealing with lawbreakers—had always been a private matter. Citizens were responsible for protecting themselves and maintaining an orderly society. Uniformed, organized police departments as we think o£ them today were rare.
Around die fifth century B.C.E., Rome created the first specialized investigative unit, called questors, or "trackers of murder." (Dempsey 203) Around die sixth century B.C.E. in Athens and the third century B.C.E. in Rome, unpaid magistrates (judges), appointed by the citizens, were the only people we would consider law enforcement professionals. The magistrates adjudicated cases, but private citizens arrested offenders and punished them. In most societies, people in towns would group
together and form a watch,
particularly at night, at the
Praetorian Guard , ,
town borders or gates to
Select group of highly qualified ., , . i.j
a ensure that outsiders did
members of the military established ,
not attack the town,
by the Roman emperor Augustus ^ a^out ^e yme Qf
to protect him and his palace. .1 r>
Chnst, the Roman emperor
Vigtles Augustus picked special,
Early Roman fire fighters who also highly qualified members
patrolled Rome's streets to protect of the military to form the
citizens. Praetorian Guard, which
mutual pledge
A form of community self-protection developed by King Alfred the Great in the latter part of the ninth century in England.
could be considered the
first police officers. Their
job was to protect the
palace and the emperor.
At about die same time,
Augustus also established
hue and cry die Praefectus Urbi (Urban
A method developed in early Cohort) to protect the city
England for citizens to summon The Urban Cohort had
assistance from fellow members of both executive and judicial
the community. power. Augustus also estab-
constable
An official assigned to keep the peace in the mutual pledge system in England.
lished the Vigiles of Rome.
The Vigiles began as fire-
fighters and were eventually
also given law enforcement
responsibilities, patrolling
shire-reeve Rome's streets day and
Earty English official placed m night. The Vigiles could be
cnarge of shires (counties) as part considered the first civil
of the system of mirtual pledge; police force designed to
evolved into the modem concept of protect citizens. They were
the sheriff. quite brutal, and our words
Log onto wnm.cengagebrain.com vigilance and vigilante come
- ' to practice your vocabulary with ° m\\
' <\ flash cards and more. from them. (AytO 559).
1O2 Discuss English Policing: Our English Heritage
The American system of law and criminal justice was borrowed from the English. Therefore, we will now concentrate on the English police experience, which is colorful a ...
The fasces is a bundle of wooden rods tied together around an axe. In ancient Rome, it symbolized the authority of magistrates and was carried by attendants before officials. Each magistrate had a certain number of fasces based on their rank. During the Roman Empire, the emperor's fasces sometimes included a laurel. It was revived in the United States and is featured in many government buildings and symbols. The original fascist symbol of Italy under Mussolini was also the fasces due to its historical significance.
The fasces is a bundle of wooden rods tied together around an axe. In ancient Rome, it symbolized the authority of magistrates and was carried by attendants before officials. Each magistrate had a certain number of fasces based on their rank. During the Roman Empire, the emperor's fasces sometimes included a laurel. It was revived in the United States and is featured in many government buildings and symbols. The original fascist symbol of Italy under Mussolini was also the fasces due to its historical significance.
Russian organized crime or russian mafiagrace escabel
Russian organized crime originated in the imperial and Soviet eras, with "thieves-in-law" emerging as leaders of prison gangs. In the 1990s following the Soviet Union's fall, many criminal groups exploited instability and lack of governance in former republics, with some controlling up to two-thirds of Russia's economy. Modern Russian organized crime consists of over 6,000 groups globally, including major organizations like the Solntsevskaya Bratva based in Moscow and the Georgian mafia. These groups engage in activities like extortion, prostitution, and other crimes.
Book Review: The Liberty Essays: Restoring a Lost American Principle .... Freedom Definition Essay Essay on Freedom Definition for Students and .... Liberty : Incorporating Four Essays on Liberty Edition 2 Paperback .... Thomas Jefferson and the Meanings of Liberty Essay Essay Example .... Four essays on liberty. by Isaiah Berlin Open Library. INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER I - On Liberty. Liberty. The Actual Meaning of Liberty Essay Example Topics and Well Written .... Good Liberty Essay Example - 563 Words - NerdySeal. Essays on Liberty - Foundation for Economic Education. Negative and positive liberty essay paper. 004 Essay Of Freedom Example Thatsnotus. Essays On Liberty Volume XII Etsy. On liberty by john stuart mill essay in 2021 Beatles books, Essay .... Toward Liberty: Essays in Honor of Ludwig von Mises, vol. 2 Online .... Remarkable Four Essays On Liberty Thatsnotus. Stirring Essay On Liberty Thatsnotus. 9780199249886: Liberty: Incorporating Four Essays on Liberty .... Philosophy of Positive Liberty Essay Example Topics and Well Written .... Essay on Freedom and Determinism Free Will Determinism. John Stuart Mill quot;On Libertyquot; Critique Essay Example GraduateWay. The Concept of Liberty Essay Example Topics and Well Written Essays .... Scholarship essay: Statue of liberty essay. Essays on Liberty and Necessity; in which the True Nature of Liberty is .... Proclaim Liberty: Essays on Freedom and the Future of America by Jamin .... Freedom Essay English EAL/D - Year 12 HSC Thinkswap. What is liberty essay. Free Essay About Liberty. 2022-10-29. Essays on Liberty and Federalism. PDF Review essay / Procreative liberty. Liberty Essay - LIBERTY ESSAY Liberty. As an American this is a very .... On Liberty Summary John Stuart Mill Liberty. Essays on liberty - Select Expert Custom Writing Service. Liberty and Justice for All Essay Example GraduateWay. On Liberty and Other Essays - Mill, John Stuart: 9781543131604 - IberLibro. What does liberty mean to you essay. What Does it Mean to be an ... Liberty Essays Liberty Essays
Book Review: “The Liberty Essays: Restoring a Lost American Principle .... Freedom Definition Essay | Essay on Freedom Definition for Students and .... Liberty : Incorporating Four Essays on Liberty (Edition 2) (Paperback .... ⇉Thomas Jefferson and the Meanings of Liberty Essay Essay Example .... Four essays on liberty. by Is
Stalin established repressive secret police organizations like the NKVD to eliminate political opponents and enforce his rule through terror. The NKVD conducted mass executions and oversaw the Gulag system of labor camps, which imprisoned over 20 million people over Stalin's rule. Stalin also held public "show trials" of opponents like Zinovyev and Kamenev to intimidate others from challenging his leadership. Through purges and terror, Stalin was able to eliminate all threats to his consolidation of power and implementation of radical industrialization policies in the Soviet Union.
CARLO MARIA ROSA CROCEStatus is online
CARLO MARIA ROSA CROCE
-Quantum physics is the physical theory that describes the behavior of matter,
111 articles
Antonin is a founder of the VII photo agency.
No alt text provided for this image
Antonin is a founder of the VII photo agency which is an international photo agency which is owned and controlled by only the members. It was launched at the Visa pour l'image Festival France in the town of Perpignan in September 2001. This was one of his own great achievements but eventually, he was suspended from the VII Photo Agency after sexual harassment allegations were made upon him despite he continued to deny those.
More on his personal life, he was born in 1947 in a town called Litomerice in Czechoslovakia and eventually pursued his studies in photography in Netherlands where he got his BFA in Photography at the Gerrit Rietveld Academie in Amsterdam.
Antonin Kratochvil specializes mostly in documenting the world's hot topic or showing how a refugee life is by depicting those realities in his pictures. He would provide his own personal experience towards those events together with those affected in it in order to provide a true aspect of the reality we are all living in but decide to ignore it sometimes.
" He took pictures in the Mongolia's street children for the magazine published by the Museum of Natural History to a portrait session with David Bowie for Detour, from covering the war in Iraq for Fortune Magazine to shooting Deborah Harry for a national advertising campaign for the American Civil Liberties Union, Kratochvil's ability to see through and into his subjects and show immutable truth has made his pictures not facsimiles but uncensored visions." - From Antonin's website.
During his years of being a professional photographer, he had a widespread of publications examining various topics and interests as from the description above taken from Antonin's website. This sum up a lot of his jobs and only shows that he is versatile to a lot of topics of interests and also he is keen to try new ways to target his audience. We can see from one side that he is willing to raise awareness upon topics that we often ignore or forget in our busy society. However, he also merges into the world of celebrities and fame by depicting portraits of those icons of the industry while at the same time giving his art more value in terms of audience. This can be seen as a strategy for himself in order to raise awareness for his other art as people will still keep up with his work either through celebrities or through his pictures about real world issues.
Some of his pictures can be shown as below:
Picture credits: Antonin Kratochvil
This is a portrait of David Bowie taken in New York in 1997 by Kratochvil.
Picture credits: Antonin Kratochvil
A picture at the Prague gallery is one of his art work of taking pictures in the moment.
In 2002, we won the World Press Photo Awards in the cat
A time loop is a plot device where periods of time are repeatedly experienced by characters, with the hope of breaking the cycle. Time loops constantly reset when a condition is met, such as a character's death or a clock reaching a certain time, with one or more characters retaining memories from previous loops. Stories with time loops center on characters learning from each successive loop through time to eventually solve the problem and exit the loop.
1) O documento descreve como o ano de 2010 no Brasil será agitado, com o Carnaval, Copa do Mundo e eleições presidenciais acontecendo. 2) A revista Sudamerica Oggi completa dois meses desde seu lançamento e tem recebido elogios por sua cobertura da América Latina. 3) O ano de 2010 será importante para consolidar a presença da revista na região.
Human reproduction planning is the practice of intentionally controlling the rate of growth of a human population. Historically, human population planning has been implemented with the goal of increasing the rate of human population growth. However, in the period from the 1950s to the 1980s, concerns about global population growth and its effects on poverty, environmental degradation and political stability led to efforts to reduce human population growth rates. More recently, some countries, such as China, Iran, and Spain, have begun efforts to increase their birth rates once again. While population planning can involve measures that improve people's lives by giving them greater control of their reproduction, a few programs, most notably the Chinese government's "one-child policy and two-child policy", have resorted to coercive measures.
The time loop is a plot device where characters relive periods of time and experience repetition, with the hope of breaking the cycle. Time loops constantly reset when a condition is met, such as a character's death or a clock reaching a certain time, with one or more characters retaining memories from previous loops. Stories with time loops center on characters learning from each successive loop through time to eventually solve the problem and exit the loop.
Quantum physics describes the behavior of matter and radiation as both particle phenomena and wave phenomena (wave-particle duality). This reconciles the classical Newtonian view of particles and waves with experimental evidence. Schrödinger and Heisenberg developed complementary mathematical formulations of quantum mechanics in the 1920s that made the same predictions, though they disagreed on interpretations like quantum jumps. Important applications of quantum theory include lasers, semiconductors, MRI, and explanations of biological phenomena. Wave-particle duality addresses how quantum objects exhibit both wave and particle properties, which classical physics cannot fully explain. While it remains puzzling, most physicists accept wave-particle duality as the best available explanation for now.
George Soros, Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton orchestrated a coup in the Vatican to overthrow the conservative Pope Benedict and replace him with radical leftist Pope Francis, according to a group of Catholic leaders citing evidence from various sources including WikiLeaks emails.
A VERY IMPORTANT PREMISE
GEORGE SOROS
Soros has long planned to buy Italy after having economically, culturally and artistically reduced-and-downgraded it.
George Soros, Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton orchestrated a coup in the Vatican to overthrow the conservative Pope Benedict and replace him with radical leftist Pope Francis, according to a group of Catholic leaders citing evidence from various sources including WikiLeaks emails.
A VERY IMPORTANT PREMISE
GEORGE SOROS
Soros has long planned to buy Italy after having economically, culturally and artistically reduced-and-downgraded it.
The document summarizes the history and evolution of the Full Moon Party, an all-night beach party that originated on Ko Pha Ngan island in Thailand. It began in the 1980s as impromptu gatherings on the beach for 20-30 travelers listening to psychedelic trance music. Over time, the parties grew in popularity through word of mouth. Now attracting up to 30,000 people each full moon, they have become a major fixture on the tourist circuit in Asia, though local authorities have expressed concerns over noise, drugs, and crime and have imposed restrictions. Safety issues include drug use, assaults, and injuries from broken glass.
- The document discusses quantum physics and wave-particle duality. It explains that quantum physics views matter and light as exhibiting both wave and particle properties, unlike classical physics. It describes how Schrodinger and Heisenberg developed complementary theories and interpretations of quantum mechanics. The document also summarizes applications of quantum theory including lasers, transistors, and medical imaging. It notes that wave-particle duality remains an ongoing mystery in physics.
The history of four terrorist organizations in the Balkans and a general introduction to terrorism and freedom fighting. Also includes essays about religious co-existence in the Balkans and about pathological narcissism as a precursor to terrorism.
CHAPTER EIGHT Asian Organized Crime Abadinsky, Organiz.docxbartholomeocoombs
CHAPTER EIGHT
Asian Organized Crime
Abadinsky, Organized Crime 10th ed.
Japan’s most popular television comic and host,
Shinsuke Shimada, retired from the entertainment
industry after admitting to extensive ties to the yakuza.
His ties to organized crime were disclosed when a series
of emails he sent to a yakuza boss were leaked to the
media by another senior yakuza figure who had been
the subject of derogatory comments made by the TV
host. The scandal disclosed yakuza domination of the
entertainment industry (Adelstein 2011).
This chapter examines the most prominent Asian
organized crime groups--Chinese and Japanese.
2
CHINESE ORGANIZED CRIME
Asian is an imprecise term that can include many
diverse groups. In the U.S., 34 distinct ethnic groups
make up Asian communities.
Secret societies have a long tradition in China, some
dating back to the beginning of the Common Era.
Criminal organizations in China are referred to as
"secret societies," "black gangs," or "black societies."
3
UNIQUE CULTURAL DYNAMICS
OF CHINESE SOCIETY
Born into a hierarchically organized society, Chinese
see selves bound in a web of mutual obligate bonds.
Part of a latent organization formed by guanxi.
Gianxi embraces many concepts such as
connections, networks, and patron-client relations.
Built on a series of dyadic relationships, some natural;
others must be acquired, cultivated, and maintained.
Parallel of partito, discussed in chapter 5.
4
UNIQUE CULTURAL DYNAMICS
OF CHINESE SOCIETY (CONT.)
Loyalty to family and friends is a moral imperative.
Qingqing parallels southern Italian famiglia.
Parental and filial obligations of reciprocity.
Resources are pooled. Each member must contribute.
Family must provide each member with resources for
living.
Pooling familial resources advances the business
interests of overseas Chinese.
5
Pronounced
“shingshing”
UNIQUE CULTURAL DYNAMICS
OF CHINESE SOCIETY (CONT.)
In this setting, law is marginalized to a position well
below mediative mechanisms in the social order.
Like famiglia and partito, guanxi and qingqing
facilitate criminal organization.
Guanxi is global, providing a dynamic for international
business, both legal and illegal.
Triads are a natural extension of these cultural
attributes.
6
TRIADS
7
Triad symbol: Equilateral triangle representing heaven,
earth, and man.
Members are assigned numbers based on their position:
Members are 49. Enforcers, "Red Poles," are 426. A
leader, "Hill Chief," is 489. Numbers always start with 4.
Ritualized dress and behavior. Secret hand signs and
passwords; elaborate initiation includes recitation of 36
blood oaths, each ends with death penalty for violation;
fee payment to sponsor.
TRIADS (CONT.)
Loose cartels of independent groups with similar
structures and rituals.
Members choose their own criminal activities. Do not
pay leade.
The Kingdom of God Free Essay Example. movie review kingdom of heaven.docx - Kingdom of Heaven is a movie .... Sample Publications – Nov-Dec 2015 | Present Truth. "Kingdom of Heaven" Film Analysis - 2127 Words | Essay Example. Grade 9 Reading Lesson 16 Essays My Wood 1 | Reading lessons, Reading .... Kingdom Of Heaven Essay - websitereports243.web.fc2.com. The Kingdom of Heaven - EXPLANATION. Essay kingdom of heaven. The Kingdom of Heaven. Kingdom Of God in Christianity an the Bible Free Essay Example.
military, of necessity, are trained to kill and destroy. That is a.docxannandleola
military, of necessity, are trained to kill and destroy. That is appropriate in war. However, do we want to use military forces to govern or patrol our cities and towns?
We do not know much about the very early history of the police. Policing—maintaining order and dealing with lawbreakers—had always been a private matter. Citizens were responsible for protecting themselves and maintaining an orderly society. Uniformed, organized police departments as we think o£ them today were rare.
Around die fifth century B.C.E., Rome created the first specialized investigative unit, called questors, or "trackers of murder." (Dempsey 203) Around die sixth century B.C.E. in Athens and the third century B.C.E. in Rome, unpaid magistrates (judges), appointed by the citizens, were the only people we would consider law enforcement professionals. The magistrates adjudicated cases, but private citizens arrested offenders and punished them. In most societies, people in towns would group
together and form a watch,
particularly at night, at the
Praetorian Guard , ,
town borders or gates to
Select group of highly qualified ., , . i.j
a ensure that outsiders did
members of the military established ,
not attack the town,
by the Roman emperor Augustus ^ a^out ^e yme Qf
to protect him and his palace. .1 r>
Chnst, the Roman emperor
Vigtles Augustus picked special,
Early Roman fire fighters who also highly qualified members
patrolled Rome's streets to protect of the military to form the
citizens. Praetorian Guard, which
mutual pledge
A form of community self-protection developed by King Alfred the Great in the latter part of the ninth century in England.
could be considered the
first police officers. Their
job was to protect the
palace and the emperor.
At about die same time,
Augustus also established
hue and cry die Praefectus Urbi (Urban
A method developed in early Cohort) to protect the city
England for citizens to summon The Urban Cohort had
assistance from fellow members of both executive and judicial
the community. power. Augustus also estab-
constable
An official assigned to keep the peace in the mutual pledge system in England.
lished the Vigiles of Rome.
The Vigiles began as fire-
fighters and were eventually
also given law enforcement
responsibilities, patrolling
shire-reeve Rome's streets day and
Earty English official placed m night. The Vigiles could be
cnarge of shires (counties) as part considered the first civil
of the system of mirtual pledge; police force designed to
evolved into the modem concept of protect citizens. They were
the sheriff. quite brutal, and our words
Log onto wnm.cengagebrain.com vigilance and vigilante come
- ' to practice your vocabulary with ° m\\
' <\ flash cards and more. from them. (AytO 559).
1O2 Discuss English Policing: Our English Heritage
The American system of law and criminal justice was borrowed from the English. Therefore, we will now concentrate on the English police experience, which is colorful a ...
The fasces is a bundle of wooden rods tied together around an axe. In ancient Rome, it symbolized the authority of magistrates and was carried by attendants before officials. Each magistrate had a certain number of fasces based on their rank. During the Roman Empire, the emperor's fasces sometimes included a laurel. It was revived in the United States and is featured in many government buildings and symbols. The original fascist symbol of Italy under Mussolini was also the fasces due to its historical significance.
The fasces is a bundle of wooden rods tied together around an axe. In ancient Rome, it symbolized the authority of magistrates and was carried by attendants before officials. Each magistrate had a certain number of fasces based on their rank. During the Roman Empire, the emperor's fasces sometimes included a laurel. It was revived in the United States and is featured in many government buildings and symbols. The original fascist symbol of Italy under Mussolini was also the fasces due to its historical significance.
Russian organized crime or russian mafiagrace escabel
Russian organized crime originated in the imperial and Soviet eras, with "thieves-in-law" emerging as leaders of prison gangs. In the 1990s following the Soviet Union's fall, many criminal groups exploited instability and lack of governance in former republics, with some controlling up to two-thirds of Russia's economy. Modern Russian organized crime consists of over 6,000 groups globally, including major organizations like the Solntsevskaya Bratva based in Moscow and the Georgian mafia. These groups engage in activities like extortion, prostitution, and other crimes.
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Stalin established repressive secret police organizations like the NKVD to eliminate political opponents and enforce his rule through terror. The NKVD conducted mass executions and oversaw the Gulag system of labor camps, which imprisoned over 20 million people over Stalin's rule. Stalin also held public "show trials" of opponents like Zinovyev and Kamenev to intimidate others from challenging his leadership. Through purges and terror, Stalin was able to eliminate all threats to his consolidation of power and implementation of radical industrialization policies in the Soviet Union.
CARLO MARIA ROSA CROCEStatus is online
CARLO MARIA ROSA CROCE
-Quantum physics is the physical theory that describes the behavior of matter,
111 articles
Antonin is a founder of the VII photo agency.
No alt text provided for this image
Antonin is a founder of the VII photo agency which is an international photo agency which is owned and controlled by only the members. It was launched at the Visa pour l'image Festival France in the town of Perpignan in September 2001. This was one of his own great achievements but eventually, he was suspended from the VII Photo Agency after sexual harassment allegations were made upon him despite he continued to deny those.
More on his personal life, he was born in 1947 in a town called Litomerice in Czechoslovakia and eventually pursued his studies in photography in Netherlands where he got his BFA in Photography at the Gerrit Rietveld Academie in Amsterdam.
Antonin Kratochvil specializes mostly in documenting the world's hot topic or showing how a refugee life is by depicting those realities in his pictures. He would provide his own personal experience towards those events together with those affected in it in order to provide a true aspect of the reality we are all living in but decide to ignore it sometimes.
" He took pictures in the Mongolia's street children for the magazine published by the Museum of Natural History to a portrait session with David Bowie for Detour, from covering the war in Iraq for Fortune Magazine to shooting Deborah Harry for a national advertising campaign for the American Civil Liberties Union, Kratochvil's ability to see through and into his subjects and show immutable truth has made his pictures not facsimiles but uncensored visions." - From Antonin's website.
During his years of being a professional photographer, he had a widespread of publications examining various topics and interests as from the description above taken from Antonin's website. This sum up a lot of his jobs and only shows that he is versatile to a lot of topics of interests and also he is keen to try new ways to target his audience. We can see from one side that he is willing to raise awareness upon topics that we often ignore or forget in our busy society. However, he also merges into the world of celebrities and fame by depicting portraits of those icons of the industry while at the same time giving his art more value in terms of audience. This can be seen as a strategy for himself in order to raise awareness for his other art as people will still keep up with his work either through celebrities or through his pictures about real world issues.
Some of his pictures can be shown as below:
Picture credits: Antonin Kratochvil
This is a portrait of David Bowie taken in New York in 1997 by Kratochvil.
Picture credits: Antonin Kratochvil
A picture at the Prague gallery is one of his art work of taking pictures in the moment.
In 2002, we won the World Press Photo Awards in the cat
A time loop is a plot device where periods of time are repeatedly experienced by characters, with the hope of breaking the cycle. Time loops constantly reset when a condition is met, such as a character's death or a clock reaching a certain time, with one or more characters retaining memories from previous loops. Stories with time loops center on characters learning from each successive loop through time to eventually solve the problem and exit the loop.
1) O documento descreve como o ano de 2010 no Brasil será agitado, com o Carnaval, Copa do Mundo e eleições presidenciais acontecendo. 2) A revista Sudamerica Oggi completa dois meses desde seu lançamento e tem recebido elogios por sua cobertura da América Latina. 3) O ano de 2010 será importante para consolidar a presença da revista na região.
Human reproduction planning is the practice of intentionally controlling the rate of growth of a human population. Historically, human population planning has been implemented with the goal of increasing the rate of human population growth. However, in the period from the 1950s to the 1980s, concerns about global population growth and its effects on poverty, environmental degradation and political stability led to efforts to reduce human population growth rates. More recently, some countries, such as China, Iran, and Spain, have begun efforts to increase their birth rates once again. While population planning can involve measures that improve people's lives by giving them greater control of their reproduction, a few programs, most notably the Chinese government's "one-child policy and two-child policy", have resorted to coercive measures.
The time loop is a plot device where characters relive periods of time and experience repetition, with the hope of breaking the cycle. Time loops constantly reset when a condition is met, such as a character's death or a clock reaching a certain time, with one or more characters retaining memories from previous loops. Stories with time loops center on characters learning from each successive loop through time to eventually solve the problem and exit the loop.
Quantum physics describes the behavior of matter and radiation as both particle phenomena and wave phenomena (wave-particle duality). This reconciles the classical Newtonian view of particles and waves with experimental evidence. Schrödinger and Heisenberg developed complementary mathematical formulations of quantum mechanics in the 1920s that made the same predictions, though they disagreed on interpretations like quantum jumps. Important applications of quantum theory include lasers, semiconductors, MRI, and explanations of biological phenomena. Wave-particle duality addresses how quantum objects exhibit both wave and particle properties, which classical physics cannot fully explain. While it remains puzzling, most physicists accept wave-particle duality as the best available explanation for now.
George Soros, Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton orchestrated a coup in the Vatican to overthrow the conservative Pope Benedict and replace him with radical leftist Pope Francis, according to a group of Catholic leaders citing evidence from various sources including WikiLeaks emails.
A VERY IMPORTANT PREMISE
GEORGE SOROS
Soros has long planned to buy Italy after having economically, culturally and artistically reduced-and-downgraded it.
George Soros, Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton orchestrated a coup in the Vatican to overthrow the conservative Pope Benedict and replace him with radical leftist Pope Francis, according to a group of Catholic leaders citing evidence from various sources including WikiLeaks emails.
A VERY IMPORTANT PREMISE
GEORGE SOROS
Soros has long planned to buy Italy after having economically, culturally and artistically reduced-and-downgraded it.
The document summarizes the history and evolution of the Full Moon Party, an all-night beach party that originated on Ko Pha Ngan island in Thailand. It began in the 1980s as impromptu gatherings on the beach for 20-30 travelers listening to psychedelic trance music. Over time, the parties grew in popularity through word of mouth. Now attracting up to 30,000 people each full moon, they have become a major fixture on the tourist circuit in Asia, though local authorities have expressed concerns over noise, drugs, and crime and have imposed restrictions. Safety issues include drug use, assaults, and injuries from broken glass.
- The document discusses quantum physics and wave-particle duality. It explains that quantum physics views matter and light as exhibiting both wave and particle properties, unlike classical physics. It describes how Schrodinger and Heisenberg developed complementary theories and interpretations of quantum mechanics. The document also summarizes applications of quantum theory including lasers, transistors, and medical imaging. It notes that wave-particle duality remains an ongoing mystery in physics.
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a rare, highly drug-resistant form of TB caused by bacteria resistant to the most effective anti-TB drugs. XDR-TB develops when individuals with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) do not complete or improperly take their medication regimen. Diagnosis requires culturing the bacteria and testing drug susceptibility, which can take 6-16 weeks. Treatment involves extensive chemotherapy with second-line drugs for up to two years, which are more toxic and expensive than standard TB treatment. XDR-TB has a high mortality rate due to limited treatment options.
This document summarizes extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). XDR-TB is a form of TB caused by bacteria resistant to the most effective anti-TB drugs. It develops after mismanagement of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases. Diagnosis requires culturing bacteria and testing drug susceptibility, which can take 6-16 weeks. Treatment requires long-term use of toxic second-line drugs. XDR-TB prevalence is unknown as many countries lack diagnostic capabilities, but an estimated 40,000 cases occur annually. Proper TB control and management, along with new diagnostic and treatment tools, are needed to address this challenging form of TB.
The document expresses frustration with the current state of Italy and a belief that things will improve with a new generation. Specifically:
1) Italy has highly skilled and intellectually honest people, but the country has been reduced to a place run by puppets and corrupt politicians.
2) The author is angry when they see a country where criminals proliferate and the law enforcement fails to pursue real criminals, instead targeting honest citizens.
3) However, the author is confident that with a new generation and a stronger European Union, Italy will be able to take back control of the country from this dysfunctional state.
The project involved using an innovative application of photography to capture light field information and visualize quantum wave-particle duality. Over 9 years, the artist photographed in New York City before, during and after 9/11 to create 111 images exploring metaphysical concepts. Experts said the work achieved a new form of visual semiotics to portray reality through precise and realistic imagery. The innovation allowed generating multiple perspectives from a single photo and transferring photographic information without loss.
The document expresses frustration with the current state of Italy and a belief that things will improve with a new generation. Specifically:
1) Italy has highly skilled and intellectually honest people, but the country has been reduced to a place run by puppets and corrupt politicians.
2) The author is angry when they see a country where criminals proliferate and the law enforcement fails to pursue real criminals, instead targeting honest citizens.
3) However, the author is confident that with a new generation and a stronger European Union, Italy will be able to take back control of the country from this dysfunctional state.
This document attempts to summarize and explain the concept of chaos theory through Kabbalistic teachings. It discusses how chaos exists in the world despite the presence of light, due to universal laws like "bread of shame" and "no coercion in spirituality." According to Kabbalah, chaos arises when light withdraws to avoid overwhelming creation, allowing darkness to settle. True understanding requires exploring the immaterial realm beyond just the physical. Spirituality refers to connecting to the creator through free will, not coercion. Overall the document uses Kabbalistic concepts to provide a metaphysical perspective on chaos theory.
-CENTRAL AMERICA-
>IN THE PERIOD BETWEEN 2002-2003, I WORKED (...) FOR A YEAR AND A HALF IN CENTRAL AMERICA (MEXICO-CUBA-GUATEMALA-BELIZE-HONDURAS-NICARAGUA-EL SALVADOR-COSTA RICA-PANAMA) ALSO AND ESPECIALLY WITH THE CONTACTS BY ANTONIN KRATOCHVIL.
> IN THAT PERIOD , I RECEIVED A VERY GOOD JOB OFFER FROM THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT-.
>AS AN ANALYST-STRATEGIC-OPERATIONAL ON THE TERRITORY, IN THE FIELD ,”IN DA ZONE” I "FOUND" FULLY PREPARED IN A NATURAL WAY.
-AFTERWARDS I WANTED/HAD TO "ABANDON THE TEAM" TO GO TO END ***-"THE NYC DANCE KABALLAH QUANTUM PROJECT"***
-I MUST SAY IT WAS A GREAT EXPERIENCE, "MADE" WITH HIGHLY TRAINED PROFESSIONALS, WITH VERY SPECIAL TALENTS AND SKILLS THEY HAVE TAUGHT ME.
MOTH812
C.M.R.
No alt text provided for this image
This document contains over 50 hyperlinks with titles related to topics such as quantum physics, art, history, hotels, and more. The hyperlinks are authored by Carlo M. Rosa and cover a wide range of subjects.
1) O documento descreve como o ano de 2010 no Brasil será agitado, com o Carnaval, Copa do Mundo e eleições presidenciais acontecendo. 2) A revista Sudamerica Oggi completa dois meses desde seu lançamento e tem recebido elogios por sua cobertura da América Latina. 3) O ano de 2010 será importante para consolidar a presença da revista na região.
More from *** -"A NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR A NEW ERA"- / "A BREAK-LOOPER"/-QUANTUM PHYSICS-/ (20)
1. Russian criminal tattoos
Example of traditional prison tattoo, with medal motif showing
During the 20th century in the Soviet Union there was a
strong culture of tattoos being used to indicate one’s crim-
inal career and rank within Russian criminal and prison
communities. Specifically for those imprisoned under
the Gulag system of the Soviet era, the tattoos served
to differentiate between who was an authority or thief in
law, and who was a political prisoner.[1]
The practice grew in the 1930s, peaking in the 1950s and
declining in popularity in the 1970s and 1980s.[1][2]
1 Origins
The branding of criminals was practised in Russia long
before tattooing was customary, and was banned in 1863.
In the 19th century, a “pricked” cross on the left hand
was often used to identify deserters from the army, and
up until 1846, criminals sentenced to hard labour were
branded “VOR” (thief), the letters on the forehead and
cheeks. Brands were also applied to the shoulder blade
and the right forearm, in three categories; “SK” for
Ssylno-Katorzhny (hard labour convict), “SP” for Ssylno-
Poselenets (hard labour deportee) and “B” for Begly (es-
capee). In 1846, VOR was replaced by “KAT"; the first
three letters of the word for “hard labour convict” or ka-
torzhnik.[3][4]
In the 1930s, Russian criminal castes began to emerge,
such as the Masti (suits) and the Vory v Zakone or Blat-
nye (authoritative thieves), and with that a tattoo culture
to define rank and reputation. Up until World War II,
any tattoo could denote a professional criminal, the only
exception being tattoos on sailors.[1]
Under the Gulag system of the Soviet era, laws that were
implemented in mid-1940 allowed short prison sentences
to be given to those convicted of petty theft, hooliganism,
or labor discipline infractions. This led to an increase in
the prison population during and after World War II. By
January 1941, the Gulag workforce had increased by ap-
proximately 300,000 prisoners.[5]
Tattoos served to dif-
ferentiate between an authority or “thief in law”, and the
many hundreds of thousands of political prisoners who
were imprisoned during and shortly after World War Two
for crimes not considered those of a “Vor” (thief).[1]
Some of the motifs came from English sailor tattoos,
such as the flying tall ships, a heart pierced by a dag-
ger, anchors, a serpent-entwined heart or a tiger baring
its teeth.[6]
A thief’s collection of tattoos represents his “suit” (mast),
which indicates his status within the community of
thieves and his control over other thieves within the
thieves’ law. In Russian criminal jargon or Fenya (феня),
a full set of tattoos is known as frak s ordenami (a tailcoat
with decorations). The tattoos show a “service record”
of achievements and failures, prison sentences and the
type of work a criminal does. They might also repre-
sent his “thief’s family”, naming others within hearts or
with the traditional tomcat image.[7][8]
Misappropriation
of the tattoos of a “legitimate thief” could be punished by
death, or the prisoner would be forced to remove them
themselves “with a knife, sandpaper, a shard of glass or a
lump of brick”.[9]
2 Bitch war
After the war a schism occurred in the criminal world.
Many convicts had fought in penal units, in contravention
of the thieves’ code that no thief should serve in the mili-
1
2. 2 5 DESIGNS
tary or cooperate with authorities in any way. Many legit-
imate thieves found themselves demoted to frayer (out-
sider), muzhik (peasant), or suka (traitor, a bitch). This
was part of a power struggle; with limited resources in
prison, outlawing the “bitches” (suki) allowed the legiti-
mate thieves to take more for themselves.[10]
Tattoos were modified and new designs appeared to dis-
tinguish between the two groups. The dagger piercing a
heart was modified, adding an arrow: this tattoo indicated
a legitimate thief and his desire to seek vengeance against
those who had violated the thieves’ code. The compass
rose became an indicator of aggression to prison officials
and the “bitches”, indicating the vow that “I will never
wear epaulettes" and hatred towards those who had served
in the Soviet Army. Secret acronyms were created by
legitimate thieves that the “bitches” wouldn't recognise,
such as SLON (lit. “elephant”), meaning "Suki Lyubyat
Ostry Nozh" (“Bitches love a sharp knife”).[11]
3 Khrushchev’s reforms and de-
cline of tattooing
In the 1950s Nikita Khrushchev declared a policy for the
eradication of criminality from Soviet society. Along
with propaganda denouncing the “traditional thief” that
had grown in popularity in Russian culture, punishments
in the prisons intensified for anyone that identified as a
legitimate thief, including beatings and torture. As a re-
sponse to this persecution, the thieves’ laws were intensi-
fied and the punishment for prisoners wearing unearned
tattoos increased from removal to rape and murder.[12]
By the 1970s, the intensification of the thieves’ laws had
resulted in reprisals against the legitimate thieves, orches-
trated by prison authorities who would often throw a le-
gitimate thief into cells with prisoners they had punished
or raped.[13]
To reduce tensions, criminal leaders out-
lawed rites of passage and outlawed rape as a punishment.
Fights between inmates were outlawed and conflicts were
to be resolved through mediation by senior thieves. Addi-
tionally, a fashion for tattooing had spread through juve-
nile prisons, increasing the number of inmates with “ille-
gitimate” tattoos. This ubiquity along with the reduction
in violence meant that the “criminal authorities” stopped
punishing “unearned” tattoos.
In 1985, perestroika and the new increase in tattoo par-
lours made tattooing fashionable, and further diluted the
status of tattoos as a solely criminal attribute.[2]
4 Application
The tattooists, or kol’shchiki (prickers), were held in high
regard. Tattoo needles can be referred to as peshnya
(ice pick), pchyolka (bee), shpora (spur), or shilo (sting),
while the tattoo gun can be referred to as mashinka (lit-
tle machine) or bormashina (dentist’s drill), and the ink
is referred to as either mazut (fuel oil) or gryaz (dirt).
The tattoos themselves were referred to as a reklama
(advertising), regalka (regalia), kleimo (brand), or rospis
(painting).[9]
5 Designs
Common designs and themes grew over the years, often
having different meanings depending on the location of
the tattoo. The imagery often does not literally mean what
it is depicting—for example, tattoos displaying Nazi im-
agery represent a rejection of authority rather than an ad-
herence to Nazism. Combinations of imagery, such as a
rose, barbed wire and a dagger, form combined mean-
ings. According to lexicographer Alexei Plutser-Sarno,
the tattoos become the only “real aspects of his life”.[14]
They are a symbol of the owner’s commitment to war
against the non-thief, the police (menty), and the “bitch”
(suka). The environment in the Soviet era was one of
heavy visual propaganda, and the tattoos are a reaction
to that, and a “grin at authority” (oskal na vlast), often
directly parodying official Soviet slogans with Commu-
nist Party leaders often depicted as devils, donkeys, or
pigs.[15]
A thief’s collection of tattoos represent his “suit” (mast),
which indicates his status within the community of
thieves and his control over other thieves within the
thieves’ law. They might also represent his “thief’s fam-
ily”, naming others within hearts or with the traditional
tom cat image.[7]
• Stars – Indicate an authority. On the shoulders or
the knees (“I kneel to no-one”). The eight-pointed
star denotes rank as thief in law depending on where
it is placed.[16]
• Cat – Traditional sign of a thief, often with a hat
(from "Puss in Boots"). The abbreviation KOT
stands for “native prison resident”, or often the let-
ters “KOT” (kot; cat) indicate a chronic prison in-
mate (коренной обитатель тюрьмы, korennoy obi-
tatel tiurmy)[17]
• Lenin or Stalin – Often tattooed on the chest, partly
from a belief that a firing squad would never follow
orders to shoot such an image.[18][19]
• Orthodox church – Indicates a thief, usually a chest
tattoo, with the number of cupolas indicating the
number of convictions.[20]
• Suns – Rays can be used to indicate number and
length of sentences served.
• Skull – Indicates a murderer. Following the aboli-
tion of the death sentence for murder in 1947, the
3. 3
number of murders rose significantly, with an ex-
tra 10-year sentence being no deterrent to prisoners
already sentenced to life.[21]
• Cross – The traditional “thieves’ cross” is usually tat-
tooed on the chest. This was very common.[22]
• Ships – With full sails it can indicate someone that
has fled from custody, a gulnoy or gulat, or that a
wearer is a nomadic thief who travels to steal.[23]
• Dragons – Indicate a “shark” or someone who has
stolen state or collectively owned property.[24]
• Spider, when facing up, denotes an active crimi-
nal; facing down, it denotes one who has left the
lifestyle.[16]
• Medals – Can indicate rank or, if done in pre-Soviet
style, indicates contempt for authority.
• Eagle – Traditionally indicated a senior-authority
figure; if the eagle is carrying someone it can indi-
cate a rapist.[25]
• Hooded Executioner – A prisoner who has mur-
dered a relative.[26]
• Bells – These can indicate a long sentence with no
chance of early release, a long sentence served with-
out parole for being uncooperative to the authorities,
or, if on the right shoulder, it can indicate a thief who
stole from church.[27]
• Images of the Madonna with Child (St Mary and the
infant Jesus Christ) mean “Prison is my home” and
act as a talisman.[28]
(St Mary and the infant Jesus
Christ) or a criminal lifestyle from a young age[16]
• Eyes – When on the stomach indicate the owner is
gay, or on the chest can indicate they are “watching
over you”. On the buttocks can indicate a passive
homosexual.[29][30]
• A circled “A” (done in the style of a finger ring) in-
dicates an anarchist (анархист, anarkhist)[7]
• Circle with a dot inside (as finger ring) known as
“The Roundstone” - Indicates an orphan (круглый
сирота, krugliy sirota), or the saying “Trust only
yourself” (надейся только на себя, nadeisya tolko
na sebya)[31]
• Skull inside a square (as finger ring) - Indicates a
conviction for robbery (судим за разбой, sudim za
razboy)[7]
• Quincunx - Indicates one who has done extensive
time, from the saying “the four walls and I” or “four
guard towers and me” (четыре вышки и я, chetyre
vyshki i ya)[7]
• Snake entwined with a woman - Indicates a passive
homosexual, especially if tattooed in the back.[13]
Often forced tattoo.[32]
• “Informer” ("Стукач") A forced tattoo.[33]
• “Enemy of The People” (“BPAГ HAPOДA”) A
forced tattoo.[34]
• "Kulak" ("Кулак") A forced tattoo.[35]
• “I am a Bitch” (cyкa) A forced tattoo.[36]
• “Beauty marks” or dots on the forehead indicate a
“bitch” who has sided with the prison authorities.
Beneath the eyes indicates a passive homosexual and
by the mouth indicates a passive partaker in oral sex.
On the chin indicates a rat (krysa) who steals from
other prisoners. A forced tattoo.[37]
• “Red” card suits, diamonds and hearts, on the back
to indicate a passive homosexual. Often a forced
tattoo.[38]
6 Hand and ring tattoos
Tattoos on the hands and fingers were common, and for
women, palm tattoos showing insults were popular in the
1940s and 50s.[39]
• A church with three cupolas – “eternal prisoner” ap-
plied to someone with at least three convictions.[40]
• An eagle – denotes an authoritative thief, or an es-
capee from a camp.[41]
• The letters "ОМУТ" (omut; water hole) on the back
of the hand indicate one from whom it is difficult
to get away (от меня уйти трудно, ot menya uiti
trudno)[42]
• The letters "МИР" (mir; world or peace) on the
back of the hand denote one who will never be reha-
bilitated or re-educated (меня исправит расстрел,
menya ispravit rasstrel, only execution will correct
me)[7]
• A heart indicates a despised thief with no status,
convicted for rape.[43]
• A winged arrow means a traveling thief.[44]
• A crown indicates a criminal boss or authority[45]
• White cross on a black background; “I've been
through the crosses” indicating that they have served
solitary confinement.[46]
• Silhouettes of birds; “Love and cherish freedom”.[47]
• Crosses on knuckles can indicate number of times
in prison.[48]
4. 4 9 REFERENCES
7 Forced tattoos
There are tattoos that are forcibly applied to signify “de-
motion” (razzhalovanie). These may depict sexual acts,
and are designed to lower the owner in the eyes of other
prisoners and draw harsh treatment from them. These
can be applied to those convicted of sexual crimes, those
who have not paid a debt, stool pigeons (ssuchenye),
stooges (chukhany), and signify that the owner is expelled
from the privileged section of a thieves society and are
“untouchables” (nepriskasaemye/chushki). Other thieves
must not accept anything from them or be considered “in-
fected” (zakontachit’sya). As a thief is “born” with his
tattoos, they can also be used to signify his “death” and
new status as an “untouchable”. Even established thieves
could be demoted, if, for example, they lost a card game
and failed to honor their bets.[49]
8 See also
• Criminal tattoos
• Prison gang
• Russian Mafia
• Thief in law
9 References
[1] Sidorov, Danzig Baldaev. Vol. 3 / introduction by Alexan-
der (2008). Russian criminal tattoo encyclopedia. London:
Fuel. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-9550061-9-7.
[2] Sidorov, Danzig Baldaev. Vol. 3 / introduction by Alexan-
der (2008). Russian criminal tattoo encyclopedia. London:
Fuel. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-9550061-9-7.
[3] Sidorov, Danzig Baldaev. Vol. 3 / introduction by Alexan-
der (2008). Russian criminal tattoo encyclopedia. London:
Fuel. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-9550061-9-7.
[4] Margo DeMello (2007). Encyclopedia of Body Adorn-
ment. ABC-CLIO. pp. 231–. ISBN 978-0-313-33695-9.
[5] Khevniuk, Oleg V. (2004). The History of the Gulag:
From Collectivization to the Great Terror. Yale University
Press. pp. 236–286.
[6] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 0-9550061-2-0.
[7] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-9550061-2-8.
[8] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-9550061-2-8.
[9] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-9550061-2-8.
[10] Sidorov, Danzig Baldaev. Vol. 3 / introduction by Alexan-
der (2008). Russian criminal tattoo encyclopedia. London:
Fuel. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-9550061-9-7.
[11] Sidorov, Danzig Baldaev. Vol. 3 / introduction by Alexan-
der (2008). Russian criminal tattoo encyclopedia. London:
Fuel. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-9550061-9-7.
[12] Danzig Baldaev (illustrations), Sergei Vasiliev (photogra-
phy), Alexander Sidorov (introduction) (2008). Russian
Criminal Tattoo Encyclopedia. 3. London: Fuel. p. 39.
ISBN 978-0-9550061-9-7.
[13] Danzig Baldaev (illustrations), Sergei Vasiliev (photogra-
phy), Alexander Sidorov (introduction) (2008). Russian
Criminal Tattoo Encyclopedia. 3. London: Fuel. p. 41.
ISBN 978-0-9550061-9-7.
[14] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-9550061-2-8.
[15] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-9550061-2-8.
[16] http://gangtattoos.blogspot.ca/p/russian-mafia.html
[17] Sidorov, Danzig Baldaev. Vol. 3 / introduction by Alexan-
der (2008). Russian criminal tattoo encyclopedia. London:
Fuel. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-9550061-9-7.
[18] Bronnikov, Arkady. Russian Criminal Tattoo Police Files,
Volume 1. FUEL. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-9568962-9-2.
[19] Bronnikov, Arkady. Russian Criminal Tattoo Police Files,
Volume 1. FUEL. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-9568962-9-2.
[20] Bronnikov, Arkady. Russian Criminal Tattoo Police Files,
Volume 1. FUEL. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-9568962-9-2.
[21] Bronnikov, Arkady. Russian Criminal Tattoo Police Files,
Volume 1. FUEL. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-9568962-9-2.
[22] Bronnikov, Arkady. Russian Criminal Tattoo Police Files,
Volume 1. FUEL. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-9568962-9-2.
[23] Bronnikov, Arkady. Russian Criminal Tattoo Police Files,
Volume 1. FUEL. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-9568962-9-2.
[24] Bronnikov, Arkady. Russian Criminal Tattoo Police Files,
Volume 1. FUEL. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-9568962-9-2.
[25] Bronnikov, Arkady. Russian Criminal Tattoo Police Files,
Volume 1. FUEL. pp. 198–199. ISBN 978-0-9568962-
9-2.
5. 5
[26] Bronnikov, Arkady. Russian Criminal Tattoo Police Files,
Volume 1. FUEL. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-9568962-9-2.
[27] Bronnikov, Arkady. Russian Criminal Tattoo Police Files,
Volume 1. FUEL. pp. 100–208. ISBN 978-0-9568962-
9-2.
[28] Bronnikov, Arkady. Russian Criminal Tattoo Police Files,
Volume 1. FUEL. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-9568962-9-2.
[29] Bronnikov, Arkady. Russian Criminal Tattoo Police Files,
Volume 1. FUEL. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-9568962-9-2.
[30] Sidorov, Danzig Baldaev. Vol. 3 / introduction by Alexan-
der (2008). Russian criminal tattoo encyclopedia. London:
Fuel. p. 384. ISBN 978-0-9550061-9-7.
[31] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 208. ISBN 0-9550061-2-0.
[32] Sidorov, Danzig Baldaev. Vol. 3 / introduction by Alexan-
der (2008). Russian criminal tattoo encyclopedia. London:
Fuel. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-9550061-9-7.
[33] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 237. ISBN 0-9550061-2-0.
[34] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 237. ISBN 0-9550061-2-0.
[35] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 237. ISBN 0-9550061-2-0.
[36] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 237. ISBN 0-9550061-2-0.
[37] Sidorov, Danzig Baldaev. Vol. 3 / introduction by Alexan-
der (2008). Russian criminal tattoo encyclopedia. London:
Fuel. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-9550061-9-7.
[38] Sidorov, Danzig Baldaev. Vol. 3 / introduction by Alexan-
der (2008). Russian criminal tattoo encyclopedia. London:
Fuel. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-9550061-9-7.
[39] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 323. ISBN 0-9550061-2-0.
[40] Bronnikov, Arkady. Russian Criminal Tattoo Police Files,
Volume 1. FUEL. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-9568962-9-2.
[41] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 43. ISBN 0-9550061-2-0.
[42] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 304. ISBN 0-9550061-2-0.
[43] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 208. ISBN 0-9550061-2-0.
[44] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 212. ISBN 0-9550061-2-0.
[45] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 212. ISBN 0-9550061-2-0.
[46] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 212. ISBN 0-9550061-2-0.
[47] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 212. ISBN 0-9550061-2-0.
[48] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 301. ISBN 0-9550061-2-0.
[49] Sorrell], [Danzig Baldaev ; photography by Sergei Vasiliev
; edited by Miles Murray (2006). Russian criminal tattoo
encyclopedia (1. edition, reprinted ed.). London: FUEL
Publishing. p. 39. ISBN 0-9550061-2-0.
6. 6 10 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
10 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
10.1 Text
• Russian criminal tattoos Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_criminal_tattoos?oldid=748387840 Contributors: Dimadick,
Bearcat, Halibutt, DocWatson42, Kaldari, Art LaPella, Axl, Mike Peel, The Rambling Man, Manxruler, Nikkimaria, Gilliam, Esrever,
WolfmanSF, Lamro, Battleofalma, Julia W, Tom.Reding, AnotherAnonymous, KIeio, BG19bot, Kjphill1977, Atropine, Monkeu5, Pencil-
sharper, Bender the Bot and Anonymous: 9
10.2 Images
• File:Flag_of_Russia.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg License: PD Contributors: ? Origi-
nal artist: ?
• File:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg Li-
cense: Public domain Contributors: http://pravo.levonevsky.org/ Original artist: СССР
• File:Scale_of_justice_2.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Scale_of_justice_2.svg License: Public do-
main Contributors: Own work Original artist: DTR
• File:Tattooed_former_Soviet_prisoner.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Tattooed_
former_Soviet_prisoner.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: https://www.flickr.com/photos/lt-ru/5884240966/in/
photolist-9XYgUE-9XYgF7-9XYgME-9XVnRF-9XYgEj-9XVnvH-9XYgS7-9XYgDy-9XYgAQ-9XYgBC-9XVnHP-9XYgT5-9XYgu9-9XVnMH-9XVnti-
Original artist: pvz.lt
10.3 Content license
• Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0