Download to read offline
![Running Head: Assignment 2
Assignment
By:
[Name of the Student]
Course
Professor
[Name of institution]
March 10, 2019
Introduction of The Company: Ford Motors
Since the organization's establishing in 1903, the name Ford has
been similar with the car business. Company's originator Henry
Ford Sr. got known for development, changing vehicles into
commodities for the general population and his organization
into an American symbol.
On June 16, 1903, Henry Ford and 11 shareholders sign articles
of integration for Ford Motor Business in Michigan. Ford
presents the Model T in 1908, which got one of the most
mainstream vehicles on the planet. It was around this time only
a couple of vehicles daily were being created at a leased
production line in Detroit. In the Model T's first year a little
more than 10,000 Model T's were delivered. Since interest for
the Model T's turned out to be so high, the organization moved
creation to a lot bigger plant in 1910. By 1913, Ford had built
up the essential methods of a sequential construction system and
had got creation down from 12 ½ hours to only 2 hours and 40](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/runningheadassignment2assignmentbynameofthestude-221019024305-2fcf61ae/75/Running-Head-Assignment2AssignmentBy-Name-of-the-Stude-docx-1-2048.jpg)
![final chapter, will present the appendices and the reference list,
therefore completing the dissertation.
References:
Carter, MP and Williamson, D (1996) Questionnaire Design.
Staffordshire University Business School, Leek Road, Stoke on-
Trent ST4 2DF, United Kingdom.
Collis, J. and Hussey, R. (2003), Business Research: A Practical
Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students, Palgrave
Macmillan, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire.
Fouka, G. & Mantzorou, M. 2019 ‘What are the major ethical
issues in conducting research? is there a conflict between the
research ethics and the nature of nursing?’ Health Science
Journal [online] Available at: http://www.hsj.gr/medicine/what-
are-the-major-ethical-issues-in-conducting-research-is-there-a-
conflict-between-the-research-ethics-and-the-nature-of-
nursing.php?aid=3485 (Accessed: 20 March 2019).
Guion, L. A., Diehl, D. C. & McDonald, D. 2014 Triangulation:
Establishing the Validity of Qualitative Studies
Jones, R.H. (2012). Discourse analysis. Abingdon/New York.
Langkos, Spyros. (2014). CHAPTER 3 - RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY: Data collection method and Research tools.
10.13140/2.1.3023.1369.
Morehouse, R. (2011). Beginning Interpretive Inquiry: A Step-
by-Step Approach to Research and Evaluation. USA: Routledge.
Nind, M, & Todd, L 2011, ‘Prospects for educational research’
International journal of Research & Method in Education, 1(34),
1-2.
Orb, A, Eisenhauer, L and Wynaden, D 2001, ‘Ethics in](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/runningheadassignment2assignmentbynameofthestude-221019024305-2fcf61ae/75/Running-Head-Assignment2AssignmentBy-Name-of-the-Stude-docx-20-2048.jpg)
![qualitative research’ Journal of nursing scholarship, 33(1),
pp.93-96.
Packard, M. D. ‘Where did interpretivism go in the theory of
entrepreneurship?’ Journal of Business Venturing, Volume 32,
Issue 5, pages 536 – 549
Quirkos, (2016) Triangulation in qualitative research. [online]
Available at: https://www.quirkos.com/blog/post/triangulation-
in-qualitative-research-analysis (Accessed: 25 March 2019).
Saunders, M, Lewis, P and Thornhill, A 2016, Research
methods for business students, 7th edition, Pearson Education
Limited, Edinburgh.
Thanh, N.C. and Thanh, T. T. (2015). ‘The interconnection
between interpretive paradigm and qualitative methods in
education’. American Journal of Educational Science, 1(2), pp.
24-27.
Wonglimpiyarat, J. (2017) "FinTech banking industry: a
systemic approach", foresight, Vol. 19 Issue: 6, pp.590-603.
Allocation of work
Days
Reviewing final draft First draft Potential impacts Data
analysis Data collection Theoretical context Literature review
Aims and objectives Introduction 24 36 21 30 19
12 26 6 11](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/runningheadassignment2assignmentbynameofthestude-221019024305-2fcf61ae/75/Running-Head-Assignment2AssignmentBy-Name-of-the-Stude-docx-21-2048.jpg)
![Effect of Athlete Endorsements on Brand and Team Related
Intentions. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 17(3), 150-158
4. Dugalić, S., & Ivić, J. (2015). The sports celebrity
endorsement in the promotion of products and services.
Marketing, 46(3), 55-69
5. Erdogan, B. (1999). Celebrity Endorsement: A Literature
Review. Journal of Marketing Management, 15, pp.300-310
6. ERDOGAN, Z. B, AND J.M. BAKER 1999. Celebrity
endorsement: advertising agency managers' Perspective. Cyber-
Journal of Sports Marketing 3 (3)
7. Erdogan, B., Baker, M. and Tagg, S. (2001). Selecting
Celebrity Endorsers: The Practitioner's Perspective. Journal of
Advertising Research, 41, pp .40-45
8. FRIEDMAN, H. AND L. FRIEDMAN, L. 1978. Does the
Celebrity Endorser's Image Spill Over the Product. Journal of
the Academy of Marketing Science 6, 191-210
9. Henry, A. (2019). The Top 10 Highest Endorsed Athletes And
Their Brands. [online] Blog.hollywoodbranded.com. Available
at: https://blog.hollywoodbranded.com/the-top-10-highest-
endorsed-athletes-and-their-brands.
10. Howard F., & Sandeep, P. (2010). The dynamic of brand
equity, co-branding, and sponsorship in professional sports.
International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 7,
45-50
11. MCCRACKEN, G. 1989. Who Is the Celebrity Endorser?
Cultural Foundation of the Endorsement Process. Journal of
Consumer Research 16, 12- 20
12. Mc Cracker, Grant (1989), “Who is the celebrity endorser?
Cultural Foundations of the Endorsement Process, “Journal of
Consumer Research, 16(3), 316-325
13. MILLER, G. R. AND J. BASEHEART 1969. Source
Trustworthiness, Opinioned Statements, and Response to
Persuasive Communication. Speech Monographs 36, 20-27
14. OHANIAN, R. 1990. Construction and Validation of a Scale
to Measure Celebrity Endorser's Perceived Expertise,
Trustworthiness, and Attractiveness. Journal of Advertising 19](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/runningheadassignment2assignmentbynameofthestude-221019024305-2fcf61ae/75/Running-Head-Assignment2AssignmentBy-Name-of-the-Stude-docx-28-2048.jpg)
![http://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share
Weise, K. (2019, January 30). Releasing earnings, Microsoft
stays in stride, with cloud powering
the way. The New York Times. Retrieved from
https://nytimes.com/2019/01/30/technology/microsoft-
earnings.html?rref=collection%2Ftimestopic%2FMicrosoft%20
Corporation
Yahoo Finance. (2019). Microsoft Corporation (MSFT) [Data
set]. Retrieved from
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/msft/profile/
Applying Analytic Techniques to Business Scoring Guide
CRITERIA NON-PERFORMANCE BASIC PROFICIENT
DISTINGUISHED
Describe the
company
background and the
practical business
context.
Does not describe
the company
background or the](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/runningheadassignment2assignmentbynameofthestude-221019024305-2fcf61ae/75/Running-Head-Assignment2AssignmentBy-Name-of-the-Stude-docx-59-2048.jpg)
More Related Content
Similar to Running Head Assignment2AssignmentBy[Name of the Stude.docx
More from healdkathaleen
Running Head Assignment2AssignmentBy[Name of the Stude.docx
- 1. Running Head: Assignment2 Assignment By: [Name of the Student] Course Professor [Name of institution] March 10, 2019 Introduction of The Company: Ford Motors Since the organization's establishing in 1903, the name Ford has been similar with the car business. Company's originator Henry Ford Sr. got known for development, changing vehicles into commodities for the general population and his organization into an American symbol. On June 16, 1903, Henry Ford and 11 shareholders sign articles of integration for Ford Motor Business in Michigan. Ford presents the Model T in 1908, which got one of the most mainstream vehicles on the planet. It was around this time only a couple of vehicles daily were being created at a leased production line in Detroit. In the Model T's first year a little more than 10,000 Model T's were delivered. Since interest for the Model T's turned out to be so high, the organization moved creation to a lot bigger plant in 1910. By 1913, Ford had built up the essential methods of a sequential construction system and had got creation down from 12 ½ hours to only 2 hours and 40
- 2. minutes, bringing downthat much further to 1 hour and 33 minutes (A BRIEF HISTORY OF FORD MOTOR COMPANY). As the second-biggest automobile enterprise in the world, Ford Motor Company speaks to a $164 billion global business realm. Referred to basically as a maker of vehicles, Ford additionally works Ford Credit, which produces more than $3 billion revenue, and possesses The Hertz Corporation, the biggest car rental organization in the world. The organization produces vehicles under the names Ford, Lincoln, Mercury, Jaguar, Volvo, Land Rover, and Aston Martin. Passage likewise keeps up controlling enthusiasm for Mazda Motor Corporation. Ford's economic stability was disturbed in early years of the new century because of easing back deals, quality issues, and a calamity, including Firestone wheels. Henry Ford and his architects planned a few cars, everyone assigned by a letter of the alphabet set; these incorporated the little, four-chamber Model N, and the more extravagant six-chamber Model K (Gross, July 2000). Scatterplot of the highest stock price From the above graph we can see that share prices change because of supply and demand. If people want to purchase a stock (demand) than sell it, then the price rises. As we can see in the above graph on 11th march 2019 stock price was 8.63 and it was rises to 10.51 in 4 months which means that company was flourished then again market fluctuates and stock price face ups and down in the entire year. The Ford Motor company's 52- week high stock price is 10.56, which is 68.7% overhead the present share price. In current days, stock price decreased to 6.29 from 10.56 which means people purchase the company's stock when the price surpasses its 52-week high. Traded on an open market organization place incredible significance on their stock share value, which comprehensively mirrors a company's general financial health. Generally speaking, the higher a stock cost is, the more advantageous an organization's possibilities become (HAYES, 2019).
- 3. Investment analysts ceremoniallytrack a traded on an open market organization's stock cost so as to check an organization's financial wellbeing, advertising execution, and general practicality. A consistently rising offer value flags that an organization's heavy hitters is guiding activities toward benefit. Moreover, if investors are satisfied, and the organization is tilting towards progress, as showed by a rising offer value, C- level administrators are probably going to hold their situations with the organization. Scatterplot of the lowest stock price From the above graph of the lowest stock price, we can see that on 11th march 2019 the stock price was 8.45 which went up to 10.14 in just 4 months and then it again fell down and goes these ups and downs continues in the entire year and ultimately in the year 2020, stock price of Ford company decreased to 5.8 in the month of march. The Ford Motor company's 52-week low share price is 5.80, which is 7.3% underneath the present share price. when the price decreased below its 52-week low then people will sell their stocks. It means that when the current stock price decreased from 5.80 then that would be the right time for investors to sell the stocks (CHEN, 2019). Histogram of Adjusted daily closing stock price The adjusted closing price is a further complex breakdown that treats the closing price as an initial point, but it considers aspects such as dividends, stock separations and extra stock contributions to fix a value. The adjusted closing price signifies a more precise image of a stock's value, meanwhile, distributions and new offerings can change the closing price. When a stock rises, or upsurges in value, the company may select to reward shareholders with a dividend. That dividend can derive either in the formula of money compensated per share or as an extra ratio of shares. When new stocks come in
- 4. the marketplace, theprice of the standing stocks reduced. The price reduced for the reason that the upsurge in the number of stocks makes each person share value decreased, just similar with stock separations. The adjusted closing price for the current offerings and the subsequent devaluation of each person shares (Bea Bischoff, 2019). Histogram of Stock trading volume Volume gauges the number of shares exchanged a stock or agreements exchanged prospects or alternatives. Volume can be an indication of market quality, as rising markets on expanding volume are commonly seen as solid and sound. At the point when prices fall on expanding volume, the pattern is gathering solidarity to the drawback. At the point when costs arrive at new highs on diminishing volume, look out; an inversion may be coming to success. A rising business sector should see the rising volume. Purchasers require expanding numbers and expanding passion so as to continue pushing costs higher. Expanding cost and diminishing volume may recommend an absence of intrigue, and this is a warning of a potential inversion. Mean, Median, Mode, and Standard Deviation of the Adjusted Daily Closing Stock Price: Adj Close Mean 8.87616 Median 8.918327 Mode 9.722382 S. D 0.694195
- 5. These insights aresignificant for investigation since they give us various measurements about the Ford Company Stock. For instance, we can see that the median cost is 8.91 yet the average cost is 8.87 which permits a financial specialist to decide how the stock is getting along in contrast with the minimum and maximum of adjusted daily close. Standard Deviation gives us further knowledge into the stock since it permits us to measure or put a numerical incentive to speak to the variety in the stock concerning the adjusted daily close. Mean, Median, Mode, and Standard Deviation of the Stock Volume: Volume Mean 43429128 Median 37551600 Mode 39796300 S. D 22767037 Stock volume is the number of shares or agreements traded in safety or a whole market throughout a year. For every purchaser, there is a vender, and each contract subsidizes to the sum of total volume. As for Ford company, 43 million is the average number of shares that has been traded in the year of 2019-20. And 37 million is the middle value of the total shares that has been traded. Standard Deviation is a factual term that gives a great indication of unpredictability. It gauges how generally values closing prices are scattered from the average price.
- 6. References A BRIEF HISTORYOF FORD MOTOR COMPANY. (n.d.). Retrieved from OSV: https://www.osv.ltd.uk/brief-history-of- ford/ Bea Bischoff, A. D. (2019, May 23). Adjusted Closing Price vs. Closing Price. Retrieved from The Nest: https://budgeting.thenest.com/adjusted-closing-price-vs-closing- price-32457.html CHEN, J. (2019, October 13). 52-Week High/Low. Retrieved from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/52weekhighlow.asp Ford Company. (n.d.). Retrieved from Yahoo Finance: https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/F/history Gross, K. (July 2000). Ford: Big, Bigger, Biggest. Automotive Industries, 64. HAYES, A. (2019, October 1). How to Understand a Stock Quote. Retrieved from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/093014/stock- quotes-explained.asp
- 7. High 43535 4353643537 43538 43539 43542 43543 43544 43545 43546 43549 43550 43551 43552 43553 43556 43557 43558 43559 43560 43563 43564 43565 43566 43567 43570 43571 43572 43573 43577 43578 43579 43580 43581 43584 43585 43586 43587 43588 43591 43592 43593 43594 43595 43598 43599 43600 43601 43602 43605 43606 43607 43608 43609 43613 43614 43615 43616 43619 43620 43621 43622 43623 43626 43627 43628 43629 43630 43633 43634 43635 43636 43637 43640 43641 43642 43643 43644 43647 43648 43649 43651 43654 43655 43656 43657 43658 43661 43662 43663 43664 43665 43668 43669 43670 43671 43672 43675 43676 43677 43678 43679 43682 43683 43684 43685 43686 43689 43690 43691 43692 43693 43696 43697 43698 43699 43700 43703 43704 43705 43706 43707 43711 43712 43713 43714 43717 43718 43719 43720 43721 43724 43725 43726 43727 43728 43731 43732 43733 43734 43735 43738 43739 43740 43741 43742 43745 43746 43747 43748 43749 43752 43753 43754 43755 43756 43759 43760 43761 43762 43763 43766 43767 43768 43769 43770 43773 43774 43775 43776 43777 43780 43781 43782 43783 43784 43787 43788 43789 43790 43791 43794 43795 43796 43798 43801 43802 43803 43804 43805 43808 43809 43810 43811 43812 43815 43816 43817 43818 43819 43822 43823 43825 43826
- 8. 43829 43830 4383243833 43836 43837 43838 43839 43840 43843 43844 43845 43846 43847 43851 43852 43853 43854 43857 43858 43859 43860 43861 43864 43865 43866 43867 43868 43871 43872 43873 43874 43875 43879 43880 43881 43882 43885 43886 43887 43888 43889 43892 43893 43894 43895 43896 43899 43900 8.6300000000000008 8.6999999999999993 8.65 8.5500000000000007 8.4700000000000006 8.57 8.8699999999999992 8.67 8.69 8.67 8.65 8.76 8.86 8.83 8.89 9 9.0299999999999994 9.27 9.3000000000000007 9.27 9.32 9.36 9.35 9.41 9.6 9.5 9.4 9.58 9.6199999999999992 9.58 9.51 9.61 9.5299999999999994 10.45 10.39 10.5 10.5 10.35 10.45 10.42 10.41 10.45 10.3 10.41 10.26 10.29 10.4 10.44 10.44 10.3 10.31 10.210000000000001 9.85 9.9499999999999993 9.9 9.75 9.84 9.5399999999999991 9.65 9.9499999999999993 9.92 9.82 9.82 10.029999999999999 9.98 9.93 10.06 10.039999999999999 10.09 10.199999999999999 10.18 10.15 10.050000000000001 10.02 9.99 9.9600000000000009 10.24 10.31 10.43 10.210000000000001 10.3 10.27 10.26 10.19 10.26 10.199999999999999 10.5 10.56 10.51 10.5 10.31 10.32 10.17 10.220000000000001 10.35 9.7799999999999994 9.65 9.68 9.58 9.58 9.59 9.34 9.27 9.51 9.56 9.6199999999999992 9.58 9.43 9.42 9.15 9.06 9 9.1 9.07 9.0500000000000007 9.14 8.99 8.91 8.91 9.0399999999999991 9.14 9.23 9.1999999999999993 9.23 9.4 9.41 9.65 9.42 9.43 9.48 9.59 9.4499999999999993 9.31 9.36 9.33 9.3000000000000007 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.6 9.2100000000000009 9.24 8.86 8.7100000000000009 8.76 8.7899999999999991 8.66 8.64 8.65
- 9. 8.8699999999999992 8.84 9.19.19 9.14 9.32 9.24 9.14 9.2100000000000009 8.89 8.75 8.76 8.7100000000000009 8.64 8.6 8.93 9.0500000000000007 9.15 9.0500000000000007 9.01 9.0399999999999991 9.1 9.1300000000000008 9 8.91 8.9600000000000009 9.0500000000000007 9 8.89 8.7899999999999991 8.9 9.01 9.02 9.15 9.1 9.14 8.9499999999999993 9.0299999999999994 9 9.07 9.07 9.1 9.14 9.36 9.39 9.39 9.41 9.57 9.57 9.5399999999999991 9.57 9.49 9.49 9.4600000000000009 9.35 9.33 9.42 9.3699999999999992 9.17 9.25 9.3000000000000007 9.31 9.36 9.26 9.33 9.3000000000000007 9.2799999999999994 9.23 9.2200000000000006 9.25 9.16 9.1199999999999992 8.9600000000000009 9 8.9600000000000009 8.84 8.84 9.14 9.24 8.48 8.3800000000000008 8.2100000000000009 8.15 8.15 8.33 8.36 8.27 8.15 8.1 8.07 8.0299999999999994 7.72 7.68 7.46 7.28 6.96 7.23 7.34 7.09 6.97 6.68 6.14 6.29 Low 43535 43536 43537 43538 43539 43 542 43543 43544 43545 43546 43549 43550 43551 43552 43553 43556 43557 43558 43559 43560 43563 43564 43565 43566 43567 43570 43571 43572 43573 43577 43578 43579 43580 43581 43584 43585 43586 43587 43588 43591 43592 43593 43594 43595 43598 43599 43600 43601 43602 43605 43606 43607 43608 43609 43613 43614 43615 43616 43619 43 620 43621 43622 43623 43626 43627 43628 43629 43630 43633 43634 43635
- 10. 43636 43637 4364043641 43642 43643 43644 43647 43648 43649 43651 43654 43655 43656 43657 43658 43661 43662 43663 43664 43665 43668 43669 43670 43671 43672 43675 43676 43677 43678 43679 43682 43683 43684 43685 43686 43689 43690 43691 43692 43693 43696 43697 43698 43699 43700 43703 43704 43705 43706 43707 43711 43712 43713 43714 43717 43718 43719 43720 43721 43724 43725 43726 43727 43728 43731 43732 43733 43734 43735 43738 43739 43740 43741 43742 43745 43746 43747 43748 43749 43752 43753 43754 43755 43756 43759 43760 43761 43762 43763 43766 43767 43768 43769 43770 43773 43774 43775 43776 43777 43780 43781 43782 43783 43784 43787 43788 43789 43790 43791 43794 43795 43796 43798 43801 43802 43803 43804 43805 43808 43809 43810 43811 43812 43815 43816 43817 43818 43819 43822 43823 43825 43826 43829 43830 43832 43833 43836 43837 43838 43839 43840 43843 43844 43845 43846 43847 43851 43852 43853 43854 43857 43858 43859 43860 43861 43864 43865 43866 43867 43868 43871 43872 43873 43874 43875 43879 43880 43881 43882 43885 43886 43887 43888 43889 43892 43893 43894 43895 43896 43899 43900 8.4499999999999993 8.5500000000000007 8.5 8.4 8.3699999999999992 8.42 8.61 8.48 8.49 8.52 8.4700000000000006 8.5399999999999991 8.619999999999999 2 8.64 8.7100000000000009 8.86 8.91 9.06 9.18 9.08 9.17 9.17 9.1999999999999993 9.33 9.44 9.26 9.24 9.39
- 11. 9.48 9.4600000000000009 9.3000000000000007 9.49.34 9.9499999999999993 10.07 10.27 10.29 10.199999999999999 10.3 10.119999999999999 10.3 10.31 10.07 10.199999999999999 10.039999999999999 10.130000000000001 10.039999999999999 10.3 10.24 10.199999999999999 10.15 9.93 9.67 9.8000000000000007 9.77 9.5500000000000007 9.68 9.32 9.4600000000000009 9.7200000000000006 9.65 9.66 9.6999999999999993 9.76 9.7899999999999991 9.84 9.8000000000000007 9.94 9.94 10.050000000000001 10.029999999999999 9.9499999999999993 9.91 9.93 9.83 9.82 10 10.199999999999999 10.07 10.039999999999999 10.130000000000001 10.09 10.18 10.1 10.11 10.11 10.24 10.34 10.29 10.31 10.18 10.199999999999999 10 10.06 10.14 9.4 9.51 9.52 9.48 9.4 9.2799999999999994 9.2100000000000009 9.06 9.36 9.32 9.51 9.39 9.2799999999999994 9.18 8.9600000000000009 8.7799999999999994 8.81 9.02 8.93 8.9700000000000006 9.02 8.73 8.7899999999999991 8.75 8.6999999999999993 9.0299999999999994 9.1 9.0399999999999991 9.07 9.25 9.1999999999999993 9.39 9.0399999999999991 9.2899999999999991 9.32 9.44 9.24 9.18 9.2200000000000006 9.1 9.11 9.08 9.0500000000000007 9.09 9.07 9.06 9.1 8.8699999999999992 8.44 8.4499999999999993 8.66 8.61 8.5 8.56 8.52 8.73 8.76 8.7799999999999994 9.06 9.0299999999999994 9.09 9.01 8.9600000000000009 8.9700000000000006 8.5500000000000007 8.6199999999999992 8.58 8.59 8.52 8.5 8.64 8.93 9 8.89 8.8800000000000008 8.82 8.94 9.0399999999999991 8.8000000000000007 8.7799999999999994 8.85 8.89 8.8699999999999992
- 12. 8.68 8.67 8.778.8699999999999992 8.91 9.02 9.0299999999999994 9 8.8000000000000007 8.94 8.8800000000000008 8.9499999999999993 8.9600000000000009 8.9600000000000009 9.06 9.11 9.19 9.2200000000000006 9.31 9.36 9.3800000000000008 9.44 9.4 9.43 9.43 9.35 9.23 9.25 9.19 9.15 9.06 9.1199999999999992 9.17 9.18 9.25 9.11 9.2100000000000009 9.18 9.15 9.1300000000000008 9.1 9.15 8.93 8.9600000000000009 8.7799999999999994 8.86 8.84 8.73 8.74 8.85 9.07 8.26 8.25 8.02 8.0500000000000007 8.08 8.1300000000000008 8.2100000000000009 8.08 8.02 8 7.99 7.89 7.55 7.22 7.21 6.92 6.67 6.88 6.89 6.92 6.71 6.4 5.87 5.8 Assignment Title: The use of technology in the financial services industry in the UAE The use of technology in the financial services industry in the UAE Introduction Financial services industry provides financial security and sustainability for society and occupies a major part of people’s life. Nonetheless, the changing times, and tough competition from highly innovative non-traditional rivals are the drivers of digital transformation occurring in most industries. To avoid becoming obsolete the financial industry is implementing financial technology. Fintech is viewed as a technology that would transform the traditional financial services industry. Furthermore, it has attracted worldwide attention as a technology that will allow institutions and businesses to
- 13. effectively compete inthe 21st century (Wonglimpiyarat, 2017). This research proposal will familiarize the readers with the concept of fintech and interpret the changes resulting from the introduction of fintech. This will be done by using various methods and research strategy to perform the research accurately. Research question What are the perceptions of the customers and managers regarding financial technology in the United Arab Emirates? Aims The purpose of this research is to explore the impacts of adopting and incorporating financial technology in the routine operations of traditional financial institutions in the UAE. Objectives The objectives of this research are to gather information on the opinions of bank customers and managers by the means of questionnaires and interviews; to evaluate the information obtained and develop a clear structure of the research. Methodology Research Strategy The research adopts the interpretivism philosophy, which is subjective and studies the phenomena in its natural environment. Interpretivism approaches accentuate an individual’s own background, decision making and expectations as a fundamental factor of behavior and the spectrum through which the reality is perceived (Packard, 2017). The consideration of various perspectives in interpretivism brings about a more extensive insight into the topic (Morehouse, 2011). Accordingly, the participants’ recollections
- 14. and interpretations regardingthe implementation of financial technology will be evaluated (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2016, p.141). Interpretivism will greatly assist researchers in cases where thorough data is of higher value upon statistics. Bearing this in mind, the opinions of bank employees, managers and customers, who have varying socio-economic backgrounds will be evaluated in order to realize more distinct and versatile information regarding the use of technology in that field (Thanh and Thanh, 2015, p. 27). The research is based on the primary data to explore the fintech phenomenon and further develops a theory, meaning that the research is using inductive reasoning. Research which adopted the induction approach is prone to be attentive to the environment of the arising events (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2016, p.145-147). Nind and Todd (2011) concluded that the researchers adopting the interpretive paradigm primarily use qualitative methods, this research proposal is no exception. The approach is characterized by its small-scale sample. The main distinction of qualitative over quantitative approach is its ability to allow a thorough explanation as well as examination of a research topic, without restraining the range of the research and the essence of the respondent’s contribution (Collis & Hussey, 2003). Qualitative approach facilitates the investigation of social reality, which will grant a better comprehension of the use of financial technology in the routine operations of the business. Survey strategy is best suited for this research, as it collects empirical material about experience, circumstances or views regarding a certain topic at a particular point in time by the means of questionnaires and interviews. The strategy is mainly used for exploratory research and can be characterized as a very cost-effective technique. It also greatly facilitates the inter- comparisons of the results. The research is cross-sectional,
- 15. comprising of researchof fintech at a particular point in time, mainly due to a time-constraint (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2016, p.181). First Abu Dhabi Bank, Emirates NBD and Abu Dhabi Commercial Banks are the biggest banks in the UAE, based on the total assets owned, and thus are the main financial service providers and command a significant market share. Accordingly, interviewing staff members from the mentioned institutions will provide an overview of the employee and customers behavior and their demand trends (Carter and Williamson, 1996, p 234). Data collection methods The employees, customers and managers of financial institutions will be interviewed to obtain primary data. The interviews are aimed at determining the expectations of the participants regarding the implementation of fintech and to comprehend how the fintech is embraced in the industry. The main advantage of interviews is the engagement in face to face interaction between the interviewer and interviewees (Langkos, Spyros, 2014). This will help to realize the employees’ and customers’ attitude towards the modernization and first-hand information on how the industry is managing the fintech. Further, customers will also be interviewed to gather information regarding their expectations and preferences. This will be done through a direct interview or online questionnaires. Semi-structured interviews will be used in the methodology, these include a certain number of topics and questions to be covered. The remaining questions may be raised depending on the nature of the respondents’ answer, or the organizational context. Furthermore, the interviews will be one-to-one non- standardized and will consist of a combination of telephone
- 16. interviews, electronic interviewsand telephone interviews (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2016, p.392). The questionnaires will be easy to understand and quick to fill up and will mainly comprise of close-ended questions. Self- completed questionnaires are most suited for this type of research, as it offers a variety of ways this can be communicated to respondents. These questionnaires are disseminated by the internet, QR (quick response), delivery and collection. The fundamental advantage of this method is its capacity to engage with a relatively large number of respondents in a small period of time (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2016, p.439-440). It is important to mention that survey strategy is known for not being as extensive as other research strategies due to the limited quantity of questions to be asked. Therefore, each question in the interview and questionnaire will be carefully evaluated. As the data will be collected by different means, i.e. interviews & questionnaires, the methodology will have incorporated data triangulation. This will, in turn, increase the reliability of the study. This term involves practicing several data collection methods and the use of multiple sources of information on the subject, which, in turn, will help to get a broader view of the research topic. The intention of triangulation is to capture diverse aspects of the same event (Guion, Diehl & McDonald, 2014). This will be done by considering the opinions of multiple stakeholders of the financial institutions, i.e. customers, managers & employees. Triangulation will be integrated into the research by the examination of data from separate interviewees but obtained by the same method. Every respondent shares their own special and credible viewpoint thus the interviewer’s job is to discover a pattern outside the individual practice (Quirkos, 2016).
- 17. Data analysis techniques Tobegin with, the gathered material will be prepared for analysis, i.e. transformed from oral or handwritten forms to appropriate academic format. Then, thematic analysis techniques will be applied in order to interpret the data gathered by the interviews and questionnaires. In short, thematic analysis can be described as a systematic approach to analyzing qualitative data. The primary aim of this technique is to discover a possible trend in a dataset. This will be achieved by the coding of information gathered from interviews and questionnaires to recognize themes or trend for additional analysis in order to satisfy the research question (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2016, p.572-579). Ethical issues The research is subject to numerous ethical issues. Ethics specifies guidance for the competent management of research. Research ethics encompasses requirements on everyday operations, preservation of the participants’ dignity and the disclosure of the research outcomes. Data collection method adopted in the research requires the individual or group participation. Respect for confidentiality, the right to claim anonymity and privacy are at the core of the methodology of the research, every participant’s rights regarding these issues will be secured. Furthermore, social responsibility & integrity will be followed while conducting the research (Fouka & Mantzorou, 2019). Another major ethical issue concerned is informed and legal consent. It assures that the individual’s autonomy is protected. It also requires the participants of the study to be familiar with the research and to be aware of its aims, objectives and what is expected of the participants. Moreover, pros and cons of the research will be described to avoid further confusion, and to remain honest at every point in time while the research is being
- 18. conducted (Jones, 2012,p. 10). The ethic of honesty heavily implies the prevention of deception (Orb, Eisenhauer and Wynaden, 2001, p. 93). Lastly, conscientious publication of the results will take place when finalizing and disclosing the research. Structure of the research Schedule of work Timeline Beginning date Ending date Duration (days) Introduction 8th September 2019 18th September 2019 11 Aims, objectives 19th September 2019 24th September 2019 6 Literature review 25th September 2019 20th October 2019 26 Theoretical context 21st October 2019 1st November 2019 12 Data collection 2nd November 2019 20th November 2019 19 Data analysis and interpretation 21st November 2019 20th December 2019
- 19. 30 Potential impacts ofthe research (including pros and cons) 21st December 2019 10th January 2020 21 Structuring and completing the first draft 11th January 2020 15th February 2020 36 Reviewing the final draft 16th February 2020 10th March 2020 24 Data chart Structure of the dissertation Chapter 1 will encompass an introduction to the subject, its context, and the closely related matters like digitalization and globalization will be connected to the main topic. Further, the research question, aims, objectives and structure of the research will be carefully explained. Chapter 2 will mainly comprise of literature review, in other words, it will rely on academic sources, the benefits and challenges of implementing fintech will be analyzed. Chapter 3 will be based on the previous chapter, and it will focus on a contextual framework, models, assumptions. Chapter 4 will focus on the methodology, which will demonstrate how the research was carried out, which approaches, strategy and data collection & analysis methods will be used. Chapter 5 will present and interpret the results obtained. Chapter 6 will evaluate the previous chapters and will form a suitable conclusion and recommendation. Chapter 7, the
- 20. final chapter, willpresent the appendices and the reference list, therefore completing the dissertation. References: Carter, MP and Williamson, D (1996) Questionnaire Design. Staffordshire University Business School, Leek Road, Stoke on- Trent ST4 2DF, United Kingdom. Collis, J. and Hussey, R. (2003), Business Research: A Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students, Palgrave Macmillan, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire. Fouka, G. & Mantzorou, M. 2019 ‘What are the major ethical issues in conducting research? is there a conflict between the research ethics and the nature of nursing?’ Health Science Journal [online] Available at: http://www.hsj.gr/medicine/what- are-the-major-ethical-issues-in-conducting-research-is-there-a- conflict-between-the-research-ethics-and-the-nature-of- nursing.php?aid=3485 (Accessed: 20 March 2019). Guion, L. A., Diehl, D. C. & McDonald, D. 2014 Triangulation: Establishing the Validity of Qualitative Studies Jones, R.H. (2012). Discourse analysis. Abingdon/New York. Langkos, Spyros. (2014). CHAPTER 3 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Data collection method and Research tools. 10.13140/2.1.3023.1369. Morehouse, R. (2011). Beginning Interpretive Inquiry: A Step- by-Step Approach to Research and Evaluation. USA: Routledge. Nind, M, & Todd, L 2011, ‘Prospects for educational research’ International journal of Research & Method in Education, 1(34), 1-2. Orb, A, Eisenhauer, L and Wynaden, D 2001, ‘Ethics in
- 21. qualitative research’ Journalof nursing scholarship, 33(1), pp.93-96. Packard, M. D. ‘Where did interpretivism go in the theory of entrepreneurship?’ Journal of Business Venturing, Volume 32, Issue 5, pages 536 – 549 Quirkos, (2016) Triangulation in qualitative research. [online] Available at: https://www.quirkos.com/blog/post/triangulation- in-qualitative-research-analysis (Accessed: 25 March 2019). Saunders, M, Lewis, P and Thornhill, A 2016, Research methods for business students, 7th edition, Pearson Education Limited, Edinburgh. Thanh, N.C. and Thanh, T. T. (2015). ‘The interconnection between interpretive paradigm and qualitative methods in education’. American Journal of Educational Science, 1(2), pp. 24-27. Wonglimpiyarat, J. (2017) "FinTech banking industry: a systemic approach", foresight, Vol. 19 Issue: 6, pp.590-603. Allocation of work Days Reviewing final draft First draft Potential impacts Data analysis Data collection Theoretical context Literature review Aims and objectives Introduction 24 36 21 30 19 12 26 6 11
- 22. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.Abstract ………………………………………………………………………… .. 2 2. Introduction …………………………………………………………………….... 2 3. Aim ………………………………………………………………………… ……. 2 4. Objectives ………………………………………………………………………… 2 5. Theory ………………………………………………………………………… …. 3 6. Context ………………………………………………………………………… ….4 7. References ………………………………………………………………………… 5 ABSTRACT This study will be explaining how celebrity endorsement in the sports industry has an impact on the buying intentions of the customers. It explains how sport marketers use celebrity endorsement to their advantage to promote and create the brand image for the product/brand. INTRODUCTION What is Celebrity endorsement? It can be well-defined as a person who is famous among customers, used for the marketing
- 23. strategy or anadvertisement for bringing up the name or image of the brand (Mc Cracker, Grant,1989). Globalization is one of the main aspects that have led to the evolution of the sports industry around the world, exclusively with the rising status of brand image, brand creation, brand identity, brand awareness and brand equity (Howard & Sandeep, 2010). Sports marketers and advertisers believe that celebrity endorsements are the best marketing and advertising strategy to attract their customers to their product/brand (Pitts, B., & Stotlar, D. 2009). Sports marketers are mostly forced themselves to become more entrepreneurial as this will help them to create a greater competitive benefit for their company/brand and give a good relationship value to their customers (Bush, A.J., Martin, C.A., & Bush, V.D., 2004). It is very evident in this world that customers that follow their favorite sports personality or any famous personality, will be following or moreover get attracted to the brands they appear in and have more tendency in buying the product or the brand. Considering this, the sports marketers around the world have taken this opportunity to get it to their advantage by applying marketing strategy ie, celebrity endorsement to set the brand image and the brand identity which will possibly attract the customers to their brand. The rate at which celebrities getting involved in advertisements associated with a brand has increased rapidly over the years. Celebrity endorsement has tend to be an significant and inevitable component of advertising for a brand in general. Sports marketers believe that the use of famous personalities or sportsperson will increase the reliability, desirability and the credibility of their brand to the eyes of their customers (Erdogan, Z. B, J.M. Baker, 1999). In today’s world, we can see almost all the companies in the sports industry have a famous sportsperson as their brand ambassador and many more famous personalities linked with their brand, which will help them to set the company's brand identity and brand image, which helps them to attract more
- 24. customers to theirbrand/ product (Bauer, H., Sauer, N., Exler, S., 2008). Celebrity endorsement is not always a hit, there are many cases where it is just unwanted, unsuitable and inappropriate (Erdogan, 1999). AIM The aim of this study will be mainly to recognize how celebrity endorsement is used in the sports industry and how it is seen by the customers. It will be also focusing on how the customers see the brand ie brand image and their intentions on purchasing the brand/product. OBJECTIVES · To compare the advantages and disadvantages and to understand how good and effective it will be using the marketing strategy, celebrity endorsements · To understand how much the celebrity endorsements, affect the brand image of a company · To understand the different kinds of attitudes of the consumers towards the company’s celebrity endorsement THEORY The theory for this study will having its focus on the impacts on customers due to celebrity endorsement. It also will focus on how celebrity endorsement works The following two models of source, meaning transfer model and match up hypothesis will elucidate, how the companies choose their celebrity and how these influence the customer from buying the brand/product from the company: - The first model is the level of attractiveness that is given away by the celebrity to the brand or the product. This has a major effect as this can increase the message conveyed by the celebrity about the brand/product to the customer. Attractiveness differs in each celebrity, some are classy, some are elegant (Ohanian, 1990). So, it depends on the marketers to choose which one is suitable for their brand/product which will
- 25. allow the customersto get attracted and have the tendency to purchase the product. This model comes into action when the customer tries to be like the celebrities they adore. For example, let's say the customer is a football player, the customer is a big fan of Lionel Messi, so the customer will buy Adidas thinking he would be like how Messi is. Attractiveness can be mainly seen in a much broader version in terms of likeability, similarity, and familiarity. What does likeability mean? It is when the customer has an affection to that celebrity, they begin to show high standards for that product/brand. For example, Cristiano Ronaldo comes in the ad of Nike's new shoes, the customer who endorses him will have great opinions and standards for Nike’s shoes. Then comes similarity and familiarity, which is when the customer is familiar with the customer and he thinks he or she could be like them. For example, let's say the customer is a tennis player and he or she is a big fan of Roger Federer, they will see that they are familiar with Federer and he uses Wilson and they feel the similarity between them and the player, so they would go for the brand Wilson. The second model is the creditability of the celebrity. This model basically depends on the reliability of the celebrity who gives the message and the knowledge to the customer, which makes them believe and trust in purchasing the product/ brand. Trust is the main factor in this model. If the celebrity has a good background image and comes out as trustworthy, the customers tend to believe in them and leading to the purchasing of the product/brand by the customer (Friedman et al, 1978). Companies always hires a celebrity who has a good social image and with great credibility in society. This influences the customers into making their purchase decisions. This is basically internalization. It can be also defined in simple words as the process of influencing and trusting the views given by a celebrity (Erdogan, 1999). Credibility comes in action mainly when the customer has an adverse attitude towards the product/brand. This can change when celebrity endorsement, ie
- 26. when the celebritygives a strong message about the product the customers' views towards the product/brand changes. The next model is the meaning transfer model. This can be defined as the effect of the message conveyed by the celebrity to the customer and how effectively it has transferred from the celebrity to the customer. There are three stages to this model. Firstly, the personality is transferred from the celebrity to the brand/product he endorses. Secondly, how the customer has taken the message from the celebrity about the product/brand and lastly the decision or purchasing intentions made by the customer ie how the customer has transferred the product from the celebrity to themselves (McCraken, 1989). For instance, Cristiano Ronaldo is the brand ambassador of Head and shoulders, so his traits and personality is transferred towards the brand, then the customer sees the ad they feel the same as him, therefore the product is transferred to the customer. The final one is the Match up hypothesis. It can be defined as the effectiveness of the fitting between the brand and the celebrity (Till and Busler 1998). The marketers and advertisers took up this step for effective marketing ie they choose celebrity according to their similarity with the brand/product. Researches have shown that if the celebrity isn’t fit or apt for the brand, customers tend to not buy the product/brand (Till and Shimp 1998). For example, Nike choose each celebrity for each sport, for basketball is Lebron James, for football is Neymar and so on. Sometimes when multiple celebrities are used for a product/brand, customers tend to forget the brand and just remember the celebrity, this is called the vampire effect (Tripp, Jensen, and Carlson,1994) Nevertheless, celebrity endorsement is not effective to the customers who are familiar with this marketing strategy, they would choose their product/ brand according to their knowledge and awareness about the brand. CONTEXT Celebrity endorsement for this study will be mainly having its
- 27. focus on thesports industry as celebrity endorsement has been having a huge growth in the sports industry over the years (Pitts, B., & Stotlar, D., 1997). The sports personalities in different sports have been idols of millions of people all over the world. Since sports are famous all over the world, celebrity endorsement has rapidly grown. Celebrity endorsement started in the sports industry in 1980 by Nike by sponsoring Micheal Jordan, who became the face of Nike for so many years. The topmost celebrity endorser in the world in the sports industry is Roger Federer (Tennis player) who earns $58 million just through endorsements. He is the face for more than 10 companies, which include famous reputed companies like Rolex, Benz, etc (Henry, 2019). A study on the hike of celebrity endorsements in the sports industry has hiked from 884 in 2006 to 1540 in 2014 (Dugalić, S., & Ivić, J., 2015). Sports is something that everyone in the world follows. Therefore, the fans and customers who see their idols in these advertisements as the face of the brand/product, they generally get the tendency for purchase of the product/brand (Schwarz, E. C., & Hunter, J. D., 2008). We can conclude this study by celebrity endorsement is one of the best marketing techniques used by marketers especially in the sports industry. Therefore, we can see many companies/brands choose celebrity endorsement as their marketing strategy to attract customers as it has more advantages than disadvantages for the brand image and purchasing intentions. REFERENCES 1. Bauer, H., Sauer, N., Exler, S. (2008). Brand image and fan loyalty in professional team sport: A refined model and empirical assessment. Journal of Sport Management, 22, 210- 235 2. Bush, A.J., Martin, C.A., & Bush, V.D. (2004). Sports celebrity influence on the behavioral intentions of generation Y. Journal of Advertising Research, 44(1), 118-128 3. Carison, B. D., & Donavan, D. T. (2008). Concerning the
- 28. Effect of AthleteEndorsements on Brand and Team Related Intentions. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 17(3), 150-158 4. Dugalić, S., & Ivić, J. (2015). The sports celebrity endorsement in the promotion of products and services. Marketing, 46(3), 55-69 5. Erdogan, B. (1999). Celebrity Endorsement: A Literature Review. Journal of Marketing Management, 15, pp.300-310 6. ERDOGAN, Z. B, AND J.M. BAKER 1999. Celebrity endorsement: advertising agency managers' Perspective. Cyber- Journal of Sports Marketing 3 (3) 7. Erdogan, B., Baker, M. and Tagg, S. (2001). Selecting Celebrity Endorsers: The Practitioner's Perspective. Journal of Advertising Research, 41, pp .40-45 8. FRIEDMAN, H. AND L. FRIEDMAN, L. 1978. Does the Celebrity Endorser's Image Spill Over the Product. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 6, 191-210 9. Henry, A. (2019). The Top 10 Highest Endorsed Athletes And Their Brands. [online] Blog.hollywoodbranded.com. Available at: https://blog.hollywoodbranded.com/the-top-10-highest- endorsed-athletes-and-their-brands. 10. Howard F., & Sandeep, P. (2010). The dynamic of brand equity, co-branding, and sponsorship in professional sports. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 7, 45-50 11. MCCRACKEN, G. 1989. Who Is the Celebrity Endorser? Cultural Foundation of the Endorsement Process. Journal of Consumer Research 16, 12- 20 12. Mc Cracker, Grant (1989), “Who is the celebrity endorser? Cultural Foundations of the Endorsement Process, “Journal of Consumer Research, 16(3), 316-325 13. MILLER, G. R. AND J. BASEHEART 1969. Source Trustworthiness, Opinioned Statements, and Response to Persuasive Communication. Speech Monographs 36, 20-27 14. OHANIAN, R. 1990. Construction and Validation of a Scale to Measure Celebrity Endorser's Perceived Expertise, Trustworthiness, and Attractiveness. Journal of Advertising 19
- 29. (3), 40-56 15. Pitts,B., & Stotlar, D. (1997). Fundamentals of Sport Marketing 16. Pitts, B., & Stotlar, D. (2009). Fundamentals of Sport Marketing. 17. Schwarz, E. C., & Hunter, J. D. (2008). Advanced Theory and Practice in Sport Marketing 18. TILL, B. D. AND T.A. SHIMP 1998. Endorsers in Advertising: The Case of Negative Celebrity Information. Journal of Advertising 27 (1), 67-82 19. TILL, B. D., AND M. BUSLER 1998. Matching Products with Endorsers: Attractiveness versus Expertise. Journal of Consumer Marketing 15 (6), 106-125 20. TRIPP, C., T.D. JENSEN, AND L. CARLSON 1994. The Effect of Multiple Product Endorsements by Celebrities on Consumer Attitudes and Intentions. Journal of Consumer Research 20 (4), 525-40 2 Ford CompanyDateOpenHighLowCloseAdj CloseVolume3/11/198.468.638.458.617.936697368753003/12/1 98.658.78.558.577.899825378050003/13/198.598.658.58.537.86 2954490187003/14/198.528.558.48.417.752337363079003/15/1 98.428.478.378.437.770773665555003/18/198.458.578.428.577. 899825371983003/19/198.618.878.618.78.019659572936003/20 /198.678.678.488.517.844517545397003/21/198.58.698.498.698 .010442468431003/22/198.638.678.528.547.872172419640003/ 25/198.568.658.478.517.844517458495003/26/198.548.768.548. 768.074968478521003/27/198.758.868.628.627.9459163989580 03/28/198.658.838.648.778.227353389147003/29/198.88.898.71 8.788.236733339628004/1/198.8698.868.988.424358456531004 /2/198.959.038.919.018.452501306994004/3/199.079.279.069.1 38.565078566636004/4/199.219.39.189.248.668272394831004/ 5/199.179.279.089.258.677652378547004/8/199.189.329.179.38
- 30.
- 31.
- 32.
- 33.
- 34. /31/208.788.848.748.828.82598137002/3/208.859.148.858.988.9 8714327002/4/209.089.249.079.189.18861964002/5/208.418.48 8.268.318.311457925002/6/208.378.388.258.258.25688234002/ 7/208.218.218.028.118.11982565002/10/208.158.158.058.068.0 6718349002/11/208.18.158.088.18.1801645002/12/208.148.338. 138.248.241115368002/13/208.218.368.218.258.25676488002/1 4/208.278.278.088.18.1463597002/18/208.128.158.028.068.066 50948002/19/208.068.1888696682002/20/2088.077.998.038.035 23182002/21/208.028.037.897.897.89583263002/24/207.77.727. 557.577.571100482002/25/207.687.687.227.237.231088883002/ 26/207.37.467.217.217.21924695002/27/207.137.286.926.976.9 71186424002/28/206.846.966.676.966.961165467003/2/207.117 .236.887.27.2967660003/3/207.297.346.896.976.97974578003/4 /207.097.096.927.087.08705881003/5/206.966.976.716.746.747 80709003/6/206.66.686.46.496.491099322003/9/205.976.145.87 5.95.91037702003/10/206.266.295.85.99195.991962180680 High 43535 4353643537 43538 43539 43542 43543 43544 43545 43546 43549 43550 43551 43552 43553 43556 43557 43558 43559 43560 43563 43564 43565 43566 43567 43570 43571 43572 43573 43577 43578 43579 43580 43581 43584 43585 43586 43587 43588 43591 43592 43593 43594 43595 43598 43599 43600 43601 43602 43605 43606 43607 43608 43609 43613 43614 43615 43616 43619 43620 43621 43622 43623 43626 43627 43628 43629 43630 43633 43634 43635 43636 43637 43640 43641 43642 43643 43644 43647 43648 43649 43651 43654 43655 43656 43657 43658 43661 43662 43663 43664 43665 43668 43669 43670 43671 43672 43675 43676 43677 43678 43679 43682 43683 43684 43685 43686 43689 43690 43691 43692 43693 43696 43697
- 35. 43698 43699 4370043703 43704 43705 43706 43707 43711 43712 43713 43714 43717 43718 43719 43720 43721 43724 43725 43726 43727 43728 43731 43732 43733 43734 43735 43738 43739 43740 43741 43742 43745 43746 43747 43748 43749 43752 43753 43754 43755 43756 43759 43760 43761 43762 43763 43766 43767 43768 43769 43770 43773 43774 43775 43776 43777 43780 43781 43782 43783 43784 43787 43788 43789 43790 43791 43794 43795 43796 43798 43801 43802 43803 43804 43805 43808 43809 43810 43811 43812 43815 43816 43817 43818 43819 43822 43823 43825 43826 43829 43830 43832 43833 43836 43837 43838 43839 43840 43843 43844 43845 43846 43847 43851 43852 43853 43854 43857 43858 43859 43860 43861 43864 43865 43866 43867 43868 43871 43872 43873 43874 43875 43879 43880 43881 43882 43885 43886 43887 43888 43889 43892 43893 43894 43895 43896 43899 43900 8.6300000000000008 8.6999999999999993 8.65 8.5500000000000007 8.4700000000000006 8.57 8.8699999999999992 8.67 8.69 8.67 8.65 8.76 8.86 8.83 8.89 9 9.0299999999999994 9.27 9.3000000000000007 9.27 9.32 9.36 9.35 9.41 9.6 9.5 9.4 9.58 9.6199999999999992 9.58 9.51 9.61 9.5299999999999994 10.45 10.39 10.5 10.5 10.35 10.45 10.42 10.41 10.45 10.3 10.41 10.26 10.29 10.4 10.44 10.44 10.3 10.31 10.210000000000001 9.85 9.9499999999999993 9.9 9.75 9.84 9.5399999999999991 9.65 9.9499999999999993 9.92 9.82 9.82 10.029999999999999 9.98 9.93 10.06
- 36. 10.039999999999999 10.09 10.199999999999999 10.1810.15 10.050000000000001 10.02 9.99 9.9600000000000009 10.24 10.31 10.43 10.210000000000001 10.3 10.27 10.26 10.19 10.26 10.199999999999999 10.5 10.56 10.51 10.5 10.31 10.32 10.17 10.220000000000001 10.35 9.7799999999999994 9.65 9.68 9.58 9.58 9.59 9.34 9.27 9.51 9.56 9.6199999999999992 9.58 9.43 9.42 9.15 9.06 9 9.1 9.07 9.05000000 00000007 9.14 8.99 8.91 8.91 9.0399999999999991 9.14 9.23 9.1999999999999993 9.23 9.4 9.41 9.65 9.42 9.43 9.48 9.59 9.4499999999999993 9.31 9.36 9.33 9.3000000000000007 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.23 9.6 9.2100000000000009 9.24 8.86 8.7100000000000009 8.76 8.7899999999999991 8.66 8.64 8.65 8.8699999999999992 8.84 9.1 9.19 9.14 9.32 9.24 9.14 9.2100000000000009 8.89 8.75 8.76 8.7100000000000009 8.64 8.6 8.93 9.0500000000000007 9.15 9.0500000000000007 9.01 9.0399999999999991 9.1 9.1300000000000008 9 8.91 8.9600000000000009 9.0500000000000007 9 8.89 8.7899999999999991 8.9 9.01 9.02 9.15 9.1 9.14 8.9499999999999993 9.0299999999999994 9 9.07 9.07 9.1 9.14 9.36 9.39 9.39 9.41 9.57 9.57 9.5399999999999991 9.57 9.49 9.49 9.4600000000000009 9.35 9.33 9.42 9.3699999999999992 9.17 9.25 9.3000000000000007 9.31 9.36 9.26 9.33 9.3000000000000007 9.2799999999999994 9.23 9.2200000000000006 9.25 9.16 9.1199999999999992 8.9600000000000009 9 8.9600000000000009 8.84 8.84 9.14 9.24 8.48 8.3800000000000008 8.2100000000000009 8.15 8.15 8.33 8.36 8.27 8.15 8.1 8.07 8.0299999999999994 7.72 7.68 7.46 7.28 6.96 7.23 7.34 7.09 6.97 6.68 6.14 6.29
- 37. Low 43535 4353643537 43538 43539 43542 43543 43544 43545 43546 43549 43550 43551 43552 43553 43556 43557 43558 43559 43560 43563 43564 43565 43566 43567 43570 43571 43572 43573 43577 43578 43579 43580 43581 43584 43585 43586 43587 43588 43591 43592 43593 43594 43595 43598 43599 43600 43601 43602 43605 43606 43607 43608 43609 43613 43614 43615 43616 43619 43620 43621 43622 43623 43626 43627 43628 43629 43630 43633 43634 43635 43636 43637 43640 43641 43642 43643 43644 43647 43648 43649 43651 43654 43655 43656 43657 43658 43661 43662 43663 43664 43665 43668 43669 43670 43671 43672 43675 43676 43677 43678 43679 43682 43683 43684 43685 43686 43689 43690 43691 43692 43693 43696 43697 43698 43699 43700 43703 43704 43705 43706 43707 43711 43712 43713 43714 43717 43718 43719 43720 43721 43724 43725 43726 43727 43728 43731 43732 43733 43734 43735 43738 43739 43740 43741 43742 43745 43746 43747 43748 43749 43752 43753 43754 43755 43756 43759 43760 43761 43762 43763 43766 43767 43768 43769 43770 43773 43774 43775 43776 43777 43780 43781 43782 43783 43784 43787 43788 43789 43790 43791 43794 43795 43796 43798 43801 43802 43803 43804 43805 43808 43809 43810 43811 43812 43815 43816 43817
- 38. 43818 43819 4382243823 43825 43826 43829 43830 43832 43833 43836 43837 43838 43839 43840 43843 43844 43845 43846 43847 43851 43852 43853 43854 43857 43858 43859 43860 43861 43864 43865 43866 43867 43868 43871 43872 43873 43874 43875 43879 43880 43881 43882 43885 43886 43887 43888 43889 43892 43893 43894 43895 43896 43899 43900 8.4499999999999993 8.5500000000000007 8.5 8.4 8.3699999999999992 8.42 8.61 8.48 8.49 8.52 8.4700000000000006 8.5399999999999991 8.6199999999999992 8.64 8.7100000000000009 8.86 8.91 9.06 9.18 9.08 9.17 9.17 9.1999999999999993 9.33 9.44 9.26 9.24 9.39 9.48 9.4600000000000009 9.3000000000000007 9.4 9.34 9.9499999999999993 10.07 10.27 10.29 10.199999999999999 10.3 10.119999999999999 10.3 10.31 10.07 10.199999999999999 10.039999999999999 10.130000000000001 10.039999999999999 10.3 10.24 10.199999999999999 10.15 9.93 9.67 9.8000000000000007 9.77 9.5500000000000007 9.68 9.32 9.4600000000000009 9.7200000000000006 9.65 9.66 9.6999999999999993 9.76 9.7899999999999991 9.84 9.8000000000000007 9.94 9.94 10.050000000000001 10.029999999999999 9.9499999999999993 9.91 9.93 9.83 9.82 10 10.199999999999999 10.07 10.039999999999999 10.130000000000001 10.09 10.18 10.1 10.11 10.11 10.24 10.34 10.29 10.31 10.18 10.199999999999999 10 10.06 10.14 9.4 9.51 9.52 9.48 9.4 9.2799999999999994 9.2100000000000009 9.06 9.36 9.32 9.51 9.39 9.2799999999999994 9.18 8.9600000000000009 8.7799999999999994 8.81 9.02 8.93 8.9700000000000006 9.02 8.73 8.7899999999999991
- 39. 8.75 8.6999999999999993 9.0299999999999994 9.19.0399999999999991 9.07 9.25 9.1999999999999993 9.39 9.0399999999999991 9.2899999999999991 9.32 9.44 9.24 9.18 9.2200000000000006 9.1 9.11 9.08 9.0500000000000007 9.09 9.07 9.06 9.1 8.8699999999999992 8.44 8.4499999999999993 8.66 8.61 8.5 8.56 8.52 8.73 8.76 8.7799999999999994 9.06 9.0299999999999994 9.09 9.01 8.9600000000000009 8.9700000000000006 8.5500000000000007 8.6199999999999992 8.58 8.59 8.52 8.5 8.64 8.93 9 8.89 8.8800000000000008 8.82 8.94 9.0399999999999991 8.8000000000000007 8.7799999999999994 8.85 8.89 8.8699999999999992 8.68 8.67 8.77 8.8699999999999992 8.91 9.02 9.0299999999999994 9 8.8000000000000007 8.94 8.8800000000000008 8.9499999999999993 8.9600000000000009 8.9600000000000009 9.06 9.11 9.19 9.2200000000000006 9.31 9.36 9.3800000000000008 9.44 9.4 9.43 9.43 9.35 9.23 9.25 9.19 9.15 9.06 9.1199999999999992 9.17 9.18 9.25 9.11 9.2100000000000009 9.18 9.15 9.1300000000000008 9.1 9.15 8.93 8.9600000000000009 8.7799999999999994 8.86 8.84 8.73 8.74 8.85 9.07 8.26 8.25 8.02 8.0500000000000007 8.08 8.1300000000000008 8.2100000000000009 8.08 8.02 8 7.99 7.89 7.55 7.22 7.21 6.92 6.67 6.88 6.89 6.92 6.71 6.4 5.87 5.8 Running head: APPLYING ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES TO BUSINESS 1
- 40. Copyright ©2019 CapellaUniversity. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. Applying Analytic Techniques to Business Learner’s Name Capella University Applied Business Analytics Applying Analytic Techniques to Business April, 2019
- 41. APPLYING ANALYTIC TECHNIQUESTO BUSINESS 2 Copyright ©2019 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. Microsoft Corporation Microsoft is one of the world’s leading IT firms. With constant growth in its offerings, Microsoft currently develops and licenses computing software, services, devices, and solutions worldwide (Yahoo Finance, 2019). Some of Microsoft’s prominent offerings include Microsoft Windows, which constitutes 35.5% of the market share for operating systems as of March 2019 (StatCounter, 2019), Office 365 Commercial Products and Services, available through cloud technology, and Microsoft Azure, a cloud platform for data storage and analysis (Yahoo Finance, 2019). Although software has been the basis of Microsoft’s success previously, in 2013, under the leadership of Steven Anthony Ballmer, the company announced a shift in focus toward the
- 42. production of devicesand services (Belanger, 2018). Consequently, there was an increased in production of phones, tablets, personal computers, and gaming hardware including as Xbox. This shift, however, was unsuccessful, largely because Microsoft’s strategic acquisition of all of Nokia’s Devices and Services business proved a significant failure (Belanger, 2018). The change in leadership from Ballmer to Satya Nadella in 2014 redirected the company to profitable growth with a shift in focus toward business technological services and cloud computing (Belanger, 2018). The acquisition of LinkedIn, the development of Office 365, and the launch of Microsoft Azure generated significant profits for the company in the recent years (Belanger, 2018). For the past 5 years, Microsoft leadership has witnessed an average growth rate of 1.4%, and the company leaders are optimistic about generating a 7.5% increase in profits in 2020 (Simply Wall ST, 2019). What makes Microsoft’s future really promising is its current standing; Microsoft generated a revenue of close to 32.5 billion U.S. dollars and a profit of 8.6
- 43. APPLYING ANALYTIC TECHNIQUESTO BUSINESS 3 Copyright ©2019 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. billion U.S. dollars owing to a 76% increase in the sales of Azure and a 39% increase in sales of surface tablets and laptops (Weise, 2019). Graphical Representations of Data Interpreting the Scatterplots Figure 1.1. Scatterplot of highest stock prices of Microsoft based on data from Yahoo Finance (2019) Figure 1.1 depicts the trend in the highest stock prices of Microsoft from February 2018 to February 2019. The graph explains the relationship between two variables: highest stock prices (in U.S. dollars) on the y-axis, which is the dependent variable, and time (in days) on the x-axis, which is the independent variable. The scatterplot is linear: The highest stock prices show
- 44. an approximately positiverelationship with time in 2018. The highest stock prices for Microsoft increased in value in 2018. However, the relationship is moderately strong, as there is no significant increase in the value of the highest stock prices with time and there have been small 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 12/31/2017 2/19/2018 4/10/2018 5/30/2018 7/19/2018 9/7/2018 10/27/201812/16/2018 2/4/2019 3/26/2019 St oc k Pr ic es
- 45. i n U .S . D ol la rs Time inDays APPLYING ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES TO BUSINESS 4 Copyright ©2019 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. drops in prices toward the end of 2018 and subsequent rises in February 2019. There is a noticeable absence of significant outliers. Figure 1.2. Scatterplot of lowest stock prices of Microsoft based on data from Yahoo Finance (2019) Figure 1.2 presents the trends in Microsoft’s lowest stock prices
- 46. from February 2018to February 2019. The graph depicts the relationship between lowest stock prices (in U.S. dollars) on the y-axis, the dependent variable, and time (in days) on the x-axis, the independent variable. The scatterplot presents a moderately positive relationship between the lowest stock prices and time. The value of the lowest stock prices increased for approximately seven months from March to October, with small drops and recoveries between October and December. The scatterplot takes a positive linear form with a small slope, indicating low volatility in the lowest stock prices. The scatterplot also helps us understand that there are no significant outliers, which confirms the stability of Microsoft’s market shares. 0 20 40 60 80
- 47. 100 120 140 12/31/2017 2/19/2018 4/10/20185/30/2018 7/19/2018 9/7/2018 10/27/201812/16/2018 2/4/2019 3/26/2019 St oc k Pr ic es in U .S . D ol la rs Time in Days APPLYING ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES TO BUSINESS 5
- 48. Copyright ©2019 CapellaUniversity. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. Interpreting the Histograms Figure 2.1. Histogram of adjusted closing stock prices of Microsoft based on data from Yahoo Finance (2019) Figure 2.1 presents the number of occurrences of daily adjusted closing stock prices falling within equally distributed continuous data ranges. The ranges of adjusted closing stock prices are marked on the x-axis, and the number of occurrences of prices falling within the ranges of adjusted closing stock prices is marked on the y-axis. The histogram is skewed to the left; that is, a majority of the data points fall within the higher ranges of daily adjusted closing stock prices. This indicates that the histogram is negatively skewed with the median being greater than the mean, indicating volatility in the adjusted closing stock prices of Microsoft in the market. 0
- 49. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95 100105 110 115 More N um be r of O cc ur en ce s
- 50. Ranges of AdjustedClosing Stock Prices Frequency APPLYING ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES TO BUSINESS 6 Copyright ©2019 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. Figure 2.2. Histogram of stock volume of Microsoft based on data from Yahoo Finance (2019) Figure 2.2 presents the number of occurrences of Microsoft’s daily stock volumes being bought or sold within continuous data ranges. The ranges of stock volume are marked on the x- axis, and the number of occurrences of stock volumes falling within the ranges is marked on the y-axis. The histogram is skewed to the right, indicating that a majority of the daily stock volume data points fall within the lower ranges of the stock volume. This indicates that the histogram is positively skewed with the mean being greater than the median. With 80% of the data points falling within the lower ranges of stock volume, the histogram
- 51. is strongly skewedto the right, indicating unequal distribution and difficulty in speculating the daily stock volume of Microsoft. Descriptive Statistics Mean, Median, and Standard Deviation of Adjusted Closing Stock Prices The mean, or the average value of a data set, of Microsoft’s adjusted closing stock prices is 101.939 U.S. dollars, indicating the healthy market standing of Microsoft’s stock. It is indicative of the company’s stable growth in revenue and profits throughout the year. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 N um
- 52. be r of O cc ur en ce s Ranges of StockVolume Frequency APPLYING ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES TO BUSINESS 7 Copyright ©2019 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. While mean is the average value of a data set, median is the data point that corresponds to the middle value in the data set. The median for Microsoft’s adjusted closing stock prices is 103.249 U.S. dollars, which is greater than the mean, indicating the presence of outliers on the
- 53. lower side ofthe stock prices; this highlights the prevalence of fluctuations in Microsoft’s stock value. This difference in mean and median also indicates asymmetry in the distribution of values for adjusted closing prices. The standard deviation for the adjusted closing stock prices is 6.953 U.S. dollars; considering that the average stock price is 101.939 U.S. dollars, the volatility is 6.7%. The standard deviation is representative of the volatility in the stock pricing and, therefore, helps understand the level of risk involved in investing in a stock. The standard deviation suggests the prevalence of moderate risk in purchasing Microsoft’s shares. Mean, Median, and Standard Deviation of Daily Traded Stock Volume The mean of Microsoft’s daily traded stock volume from February 2018 to February 2019 is 31,210,598, which is indicative of the high liquidity of the company’s stock (Seth, 2018). Considering that a stock that is traded at fewer than 10,000 shares each day is deemed a low- volume stock (Seth, 2018), Microsoft’s daily traded stock volume is representative of a large
- 54. number of prospectivebuyers and, therefore, a highly valuable publicly traded firm. The median for the stock volume is 28,123,200, which is less than the mean. This indicates the presence of outliers on the higher side of the data set and, therefore, shows that the company has significant spikes in its daily tradable stock volume. The standard deviation is found to be 12,909,909.8, which is equivalent to 41.3% of the mean for stock volume. A standard deviation of 12,909,909.8 is representative of high volatility in the data set, which shows a considerable lack of consistency in the volume of Microsoft’s stock. APPLYING ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES TO BUSINESS 8 Copyright ©2019 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. Conclusion The graphical representations and statistical calculations of Microsoft’s stock history
- 55. gives valuable insightsthat could help management make decisions about the launch of new products and expansion. Some important trends that leaders should be aware of are as follows: • While there is a gradual rise in the highest and lowest stock prices for the second and third quarter, the fourth quarter is characterized by moderate falls and recoveries in the highest and lowest stock prices; • More than one fourth of the adjusted closing stock prices fell within the high-value range of 105 to 110, which is a signal of high demand; • A volatility of 41.3% for daily traded stock volume indicates great unpredictability in the exchange rate of Microsoft’s stock. High volatility in stock volume usually indicates unexpected earnings by a firm or the dissemination of good or bad news about the firm/industry in the market (Morah, 2018). Awareness of trends in stock prices may help management decide to launch products or upgrade offerings in the early and later parts of the year, which may create hype and push sales
- 56. during these periods;this may facilitate a further increase in gross revenue and profits during the stable periods of the third and fourth quarters. The histogram for adjusted closing stock prices shows that a large number of data points fall within the high- value range of 105 and 110 U.S. dollars with significant stock volume exchanged daily. This may inspire management to double stock volume by halving stock prices, which may help increase the demand for the stock and, therefore, improve market capitalization for the company. The scatterplots for the highest and lowest daily stock prices indicate a positive linear correlation between time and stock value, which helps understand the impact of the improved APPLYING ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES TO BUSINESS 9 Copyright ©2019 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited. growth in Microsoft’s revenue in 2018 compared with preceding years. The scatterplots also indicate better valuation of prices in the start of 2019 than in
- 57. 2018; this demonstratesthe impact of the company’s quarterly performance, namely generating 32.5 billion U.S. dollars in revenue, on its market valuation at the start of 2019. Interpreting the histograms helps understand that while the median for adjusted closing stock prices was relatively on the higher range of the data set, the median for stock volume was on the lower range of the data set, reflecting high demand for Microsoft’s stocks and, at the same time, a reservation on the part of Microsoft’s shareholders to sell. This trend coincides with the fact that Microsoft, during the period, improved in its distribution of dividends (Weise, 2019), which could be why the rate of change in Microsoft’s traded volume was lower than the rate of change in its stock pricing. APPLYING ANALYTIC TECHNIQUES TO BUSINESS 10 Copyright ©2019 Capella University. Copy and distribution of this document are prohibited.
- 58. References Belanger, L. (2018,April 4). 10 amazing moments in Microsoft’s history, from its founding to desktop dominance to today. Entrepreneur India. Retrieved from https://entrepreneur.com/article/311468 Morah, C. (2018, March 2). Are stocks with large daily volume less volatile? Retrieved from https://investopedia.com/ask/answers/09/daily-volume- volatility.asp Seth, S. (2018, January 10). The risks of trading low-volume stocks. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/articles/active- trading/051415/risks-trading-lowvolume- stocks.asp Simply Wall St. (2019). Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT): What does the future look like? Retrieved from https://simplywall.st/stocks/us/software/nasdaq- msft/microsoft/news/microsoft-corporation-nasdaqmsft-what- does-the-future-look-like/ StatCounter. (2019). Operating system market share worldwide. Retrieved from
- 59. http://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share Weise, K. (2019,January 30). Releasing earnings, Microsoft stays in stride, with cloud powering the way. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://nytimes.com/2019/01/30/technology/microsoft- earnings.html?rref=collection%2Ftimestopic%2FMicrosoft%20 Corporation Yahoo Finance. (2019). Microsoft Corporation (MSFT) [Data set]. Retrieved from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/msft/profile/ Applying Analytic Techniques to Business Scoring Guide CRITERIA NON-PERFORMANCE BASIC PROFICIENT DISTINGUISHED Describe the company background and the practical business context. Does not describe the company background or the
- 60. practical business context. Partially describesthe company background but does not provide the full picture of the business context. Describes the company background and the practical business context. Thoroughly describes the company background and the practical business context using examples and details that demonstrate exemplary understanding. Interpret the four different graphical representations of data. Does not interpret the four different graphical representations of data. Describes the different graphical
- 61. representations of data butdoes not demonstrate professional understanding of the graphs in context. Interprets four different graphical representations of data. Interprets and explains thoughtfully the four different graphical representations of data in a way that indicates exceptional understanding of the strategies and includes examples from the field. Interpret the descriptive statistics for two variables. Does not interpret the descriptive statistics for two variables. Interprets at least one descriptive statistic for variables but does not convey professional understanding of the
- 62. graphs in context. Interprets descriptive statisticsfor two variables. Interprets and thoughtfully explains the descriptive statistics for two variables in a way that demonstrates exceptional understanding of the calculations. Explain the potential business applications from the data and interpretations. Does not explain the potential business applications from the data and interpretations. Partially explains the potential business applications from the data and interpretations. Explain the potential business applications from
- 63. the data and interpretations. Explainsin depth many potential business applications from the data and interpretations with examples and professional insight. Format citations and references correctly, using current APA style. Does not format citations and references using APA style. Formats citations and references with errors in APA style. Formats citations and references correctly, using current APA style. Formats citations and references flawlessly in current APA style. Present content clearly, professionally, and
- 64. logically for the identifiedaudience. Does not present content clearly, professionally, or logically for the identified audience. Presents content with some flaws in organization or clarity that affect professional delivery for the identified audience. Presents content clearly, professionally, and logically for the identified audience. Presents content with exceptional clarity, organization, professionalism, and appropriateness for the identified audience. Scenario Your supervisor has asked you to prepare a report for the quarterly company meeting. The first part of the task was to download the data and create scatterplots and histograms, and to calculate mean, median, and mode of the stock prices that you presented graphically in your report for the last assessment.
- 65. This time yourtask is to analyze and interpret those graphical representations of the company stocks and to write a report about your findings for your supervisor. Your Role You are an analyst in the same business that you used for the last assessment. Your role is to turn data into meaningful information through the use of descriptive statistics and analysis. Instructions After reviewing and integrating your instructor’s feedback on your previous assessment, complete the report as follows: · For each graph you created, write at least one paragraph interpreting the graph. . What does that graph represent? . What does the shape of the graph tell you about how the data have changed over time? · For each statistic you calculated, spend at least one sentence explaining what the statistic represents. . What does the mean tell you? . What does it imply if the median is different from the mean? . What does the standard deviation tell you about the volatility of the data? · Write a new conclusions section in which you explain how these interpretations can be used in the company: . What are some trends about which company leaders should be aware? . How might the information you have provided be used to inform business decisions? . How will you connect those interpretations explicitly to implications for the practical business context? · Create a 6–8 page report containing: . An APA-formatted title page. . A one-page introduction of your chosen company that you created in your previous assessment. . A section labeled “Graphical Representations of Data” that includes the four graphs you created as well as your
- 66. interpretations of eachgraph. . A section labeled “Descriptive Statistics” with the statistics you calculated as well as your interpretations of the statistics. . A one-page conclusion in which you describe the potential business applications of the data and your interpretations. . An APA-formatted references page. Remember to cite the source of your financial data. Additional Requirements · Include APA-formatted in-text citations where appropriate. · Follow the typical double-spaced analytics report format. · Make sure your written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message. Evaluation By successfully completing this assignment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies through corresponding scoring guide criteria: · Competency 3: Apply data analytic techniques to make inferences about a business need. . Interpret four different graphical representations of data. . Interpret descriptive statistics for two different variables. · Competency 4: Present the results of data analysis in clear and meaningful ways to multiple stakeholders. . Explain the business applications from the interpretations of the data. . Correctly format citations and references using current APA style. . Write content clearly and logically, with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.