1) Castration involves removing the testicles of male farm animals at a young age to prevent male hormone formation and uncontrolled breeding. 2) It should be done within the first few months of birth for faster healing and less wounding. However, very early castration can affect growth. 3) The main reasons for castration are to control breeding, make males more docile, increase meat quality and market preference.

1. Ruminant Castration
Prof. Magda Omar
Castration isn’t done for fun! Is it? Of course not.

2. Time And Age Of Animal
oCastration is the process of removal of testicles of male animals at young age to
prevent the formatting of male hormones and control the unwanted breeding.
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Castration In Farm Animals
It should be done at early age preferably within few months of birth. This helps to heals faster causing less
wound to animal.
However, very early castration mostly affect the growth development of the urethral lumen and becomes a
predisposing factor for urethral stenosis and urolithiasis

3. Why do we castrate animals?
•The result is that poor males are allowed to mate with the
females and the young stock produced are not very good.
•Uncastrated males also fight so it is better to castrate the
animals which are not the best for breeding.
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4. Advantages/Importance for Castration
In Farm Animals
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• Male animals which are vicious can be made docile. This helps in easy care
and management of animal.
• Male and female animal can be kept in same pen.
• Uncontrolled breeding is effectively controlled.
• The weight of the animal increase with highest quality meat.
• The skin of animal becomes soft, smooth and attractive.
• We can get good money of the animal in market.

5. There are very scientific reasons behind doing it. Some of the major reasons are
listed below:-
• To control unwanted breeding
• To make male animals more docile and less vicious
• To get more and superior quality meat
• To get more animals which will be of preference in the market

6. METHODS OF CASTRATION IN
FARM ANIMALS
There are several methods of castration that are being followed all over the world.
Widely,
There are 2 methods of castration in farm animals which are discussed below:-
1. Bloodless Method
A . Emasculation Method
B. Rubber Band Method
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7. Bloodless Castration

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Emasculation Method
This is one of the most common methods of castration in farm animals.
Emasculation means removal of masculinity i.e. maleness.
To perform this method, we will need a Burdizzo Castrator and a Tincture Of Iodine.
The steps of this process are as follows:-
•Step 1: The animal to be castrated is cast on the ground with the help of ropes and
secured at that position.
•Step 2: Manipulate the testes and slightly pull out the testes with hand
•Step 3: Find the spermatic cord and hold it tightly from both sides with your fingers in
such a way that it doesn’t slip.

9. Blood _Less castration
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10. Emasculation Method
• Step 4: Locate the position of spermatic cord above testes to be crushed. Apply tincture of
iodine at the location to be crushed.
•Step 5: Take the Burdizzo Castrator with clean, sterilized and smooth jaw, place it over the
location of spermatic cord to be crushed and press quickly.
Step 6: The same process is repeated 1/2cm below the first crush in same spermatic cord. The
same process is repeated for another spermatic cord. Take a look after the castrated animal for
few days, so that any infection can be detected quickly.
In this way, An animal is castrated by emasculation Method. After pressing the spermatic cord,
the flow of semen stops and male animal becomes sterile.
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11. 2.Rubber Band Method
This is also a bloodless method of Castration In Farm Animals.
For this method, we will be in need of specially designed tight rubber band.
The steps of this process are:-
•Step 1: The animal is cast on the ground with the help of ropes and secured at that position.
•Step 2: Select a tight rubber band that will be used for castration.
•Step 3: Place the tight rubber band on the spermatic cord of both sides above the testes.
•Step 4: The constant pressure exerted by the tight rubber band stops the blood supply to the testes.
In the absence of blood supply, the testes get dissolved and absorbed. Finally – The rubber band slips off
and falls on the ground.
Thus – Without testes, there will be no production of male hormones and semen which makes the animal
sterile. In this way, an animal is castrated by the rubber band method.
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12. Surgical Castration/ Incision Method/Blood Method
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The equipments needed for all these methods are listed below:-
1. Burdizzo Castrator
2. Tight Rubber Band
3. Castration Knife With Double
4. Surgical Spirit
5. Tincture Of Iodine
6. Sulphanelamide Powder Mixed With Iodoform
7. Cotton Wool
8. Acriflavin Solution

13. 3. Incision Method
For this method, we will require, Spirit Soaked Cotton, Acriflavin Solution, Castration
Knife With Double Blade, Tincture Of Iodine, Sulphanelamide Powder Mixed With
Iodoform.
The steps are as follows:-
o Step 1: First of all, the animal to be castrated is cast on the ground with the help of
ropes and secured at that position.
o Step 2: Clean the hands, and surgical blade and sterilize both with spirit soaked
cotton.
o Step 3: Wash the scrotum of the male animal with Acriflavin Solution.
o Step 4: Now – With the help of a sterilized surgical blade, make an incision at lower
side of the scrotum and allow the proper drainage of blood.
o Step 5: Then – Remove the testes of the animal by pulling them out along with the
spermatic cord with the help of clean and sterilized hands.
o Step 6: Now – Apply the tincture of iodine at the site of cut thoroughly.
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15. After-care for Castration
oRegularly inspect the animals that have been castrated for up to 10 days post-
castration to see if any problems may arise.
oConsult your veterinarian if you see signs such a redness, heat, swelling and
abnormal discharge of blood or pus.
oA great resource that you can utilise is from the company Future Beef which
outlines in more detail, not only the castration techniques as listed above, but
branding and dehorning.

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Precautions
• Burdizzo Castrator should be clean and sterilized.
• During Emasculation Method, Don’t crush testes or scrotum fold.
• Incision method should be strictly avoided during rainy weather.
• Iodoform should be used after Incision method to keep the flies away which
ultimately prevents the possible infection.
• After the procedure, provide clean and soft beded pen with ample space.
• Keep the animal in close observation for few days after the operation.

17. • Cause: trauma or infection.
• Signs: swelling of the testicle (orchitis) often concurrent with swelling of the
epididymis (epididymitis). Usually unilateral.
• Diagnosis: by clinical examination, ultrasound and semen
evaluation/cytology/culture.
• Treatment: antibiotics usually ineffective; unless administered very early in
disease pathogenesis. Surgical removal may be considered.
• Prognosis: normal sperm output from the other testis can also be affected,
resulting in permanent subfertility or infertility
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Orchitis and Scrotal aplasia
Introduction

18. Orchitis and Scrotal aplasia
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20. Treatment of Orchitis
1.Antibiotic therapy.
2.Intravenous fluids.
3.Anti-inflammatory medication or analgesics (medication for pain relief)
4.For immune mediated disease, immunosuppressive drugs (drugs that suppress the
immune response), such as prednisone are indicated.
5.Cold compresses.
6.Castration.
7.Anti-fungal medication.
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21. Thank you
Magda M. A. Omar