Situation Ethics (from RS Review Activities Online)
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This document summarizes Joseph Fletcher's situation ethics theory, including its four working presumptions, six fundamental principles, and four examples that Fletcher provided to illustrate how situation ethics could be applied. The four examples are: 1) a terminally ill patient deciding whether to take life-extending pills, 2) the US decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan in WWII, 3) a woman asked to seduce an enemy spy, and 4) a German woman who became pregnant in a prisoner of war camp to be released. The document notes that while Fletcher gave examples, they describe very individual situations and Fletcher has been criticized for potentially misinterpreting Jesus' teachings.
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Tesla Company marketing Research final draft
Part I: introduction 3
1.1 Objective of the project 3
1.2 Importance of increasing China market share 4
1.3 Outline of project 5
2 Company History And Philosophy 5
2.1 Brief history of the company 5
2.2 Philosophy and marketing strategy 7
Part III. Environment Analysis 8
3.1 Demographics 8
3.2 Environmental 10
3.3 Competition 12
PART IV: DESCRIPTION OF TARGET MARKET 14
4.1 THE MARKETING REASERCH OF NEW ENERGY AUTOMOBILE IN CHINA 14
4.2 THE MARKETING REASERCH OF TESLA IN CHINA 15
4.3 CITIZENS’ ATTITUDE TO PEV 16
4.4 THE LIFESTYLE OF TARGET CONSUMERS IN CHINA 18
4.3 CITIZENS’ ATTITUDE TO PEV 21
4.4 THE LIFESTYLE OF TARGET CONSUMERS IN CHINA 23
Part V: Analysis of Marketing Mix 26
5.1 PRODUCT 26
5.2 Price Points 28
5.3 Place 33
5.4 Promotion 35
PART VI: STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 41
6.1 Strengths 41
6.2 Weaknesses 42
6.3 Recommendations 43
Part VII. References 45
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Part I: introduction 3
1.1 Objective of the project 3
1.2 Importance of increasing China market share 4
1.3 Outline of project 5
2 Company History And Philosophy 5
2.1 Brief history of the company 5
2.2 Philosophy and marketing strategy 7
Part III. Environment Analysis 8
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PART IV: DESCRIPTION OF TARGET MARKET 14
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4.2 THE MARKETING REASERCH OF TESLA IN CHINA 15
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4.4 THE LIFESTYLE OF TARGET CONSUMERS IN CHINA 18
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5.4 Promotion 35
PART VI: STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES AND RECOMMENDATIONS 41
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Part VII. References 45
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Running head DEATH PENALTY1DEATH PENALTY 6Death Pen.docx
Running head: DEATH PENALTY
1
DEATH PENALTY
6
Death Penalty
Maria Feistel
Strayer University
Professor Jenna Thrasher-Sneathen
10/19/2017
Death Penalty
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The view that capital punishment deters crime is an interesting one since it doesn't have any credible statistical evidence that proves its effectiveness in reducing crime yet many influential people, including George W. Bush a former U.S president, believe it should continue. Jimmy Carter the 39th President of the United States in his 2012 article observed that the claim that death penalty deters crime is ironical since homicide rates in the US country were five times greater than in other western countries without the death penalty. If I believed in this view, I would have observed that death sentences can serve justice to the victims and their families sinc ...
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Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 16 167–176 (2006)DO.docx
Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 16: 167–176 (2006)
DOI: 10.1002/cbm
R1
Female serial killing: review
and case report
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
16: 167–176 (2006)
Published online 13 July 2006 in Wiley InterScience
(www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/cbm.615
ANDREAS FREI1, BIRGIT VÖLLM2, MARC GRAF3 AND VOLKER
DITTMANN3,4, 1Forensic Psychiatric Services, Psychiatric Hospital Lucerne,
Kantonsspital, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland; 2University of Manchester,
Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Manchester, UK; 3Forensic Psychiatric
Department, University Psychiatric Services, Basle, Switzerland; 4University
of Basle, Switzerland
ABSTRACT
Background Single homicide committed by women is rare. Serial killing is very
infrequent, and the perpetrators are usually white, intelligent males with sadistic ten-
dencies. Serial killing by women has, however, also been described.
Aim To conduct a review of published literature on female serial killers and consider
its usefulness in assessing a presenting case.
Method A literature review was conducted, after searching EMBASE, MEDLINE
and PsycINFO. The presenting clinical case is described in detail in the context of the
literature findings.
Results The literature search revealed few relevant publications. Attempts to catego-
rize the phenomenon of female serial killing according to patterns of and motives for
the homicides have been made by some authors. The most common motive identified
was material gain or similar extrinsic gratification while the ‘hedonistic’ sadistic or
sexual serial killer seems to be extremely rare in women. There is no consistent theory
of serial killing by women, but psychopathic personality traits and abusive childhood
experiences have consistently been observed. The authors’ case did not fit the descrip-
tion of a ‘typical’ female serial killer.
Discussion In such unusual circumstances as serial killing by a woman, detailed
individual case formulation is required to make sense of the psychopathology in each
case. Publication of cases in scientific journals should be encouraged to advance our
understanding of this phenomenon. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction
Overall, men are about six to seven times more likely to kill others than are
women (d’Orban, 1990; Kellermann and Mercy, 1992) but this ratio is different
for homicide in a domestic environment. Trube-Becker (1982) found that in 23%
Frei et al.
Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 16: 167–176 (2006)
DOI: 10.1002/cbm
R1
168
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usually suffered long periods of abuse by their partner (Mercy and Saltzmann,
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if provoked. Serial homicide does not fit this stereotype.
Serial killing has bee.
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Running head DEATH PENALTY1DEATH PENALTY 6Death Pen.docx
Running head: DEATH PENALTY
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DEATH PENALTY
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Strayer University
Professor Jenna Thrasher-Sneathen
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Situation ethics argues that love, understood as agape or sacrificial love, should be the sole principle used to determine what is right or wrong in any given situation. It rejects the idea of absolute moral rules, instead taking a relativistic approach where the loving choice is determined based on the particular circumstances. The theory was proposed by Joseph Fletcher in the 1960s as a way to bring Christian ethics into a modern context that did not rely on legalism. It aims to avoid both strict rule-based approaches and complete antinomianism by focusing on the principle of love.
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Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 16 167–176 (2006)DO.docx
Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 16: 167–176 (2006)
DOI: 10.1002/cbm
R1
Female serial killing: review
and case report
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health
16: 167–176 (2006)
Published online 13 July 2006 in Wiley InterScience
(www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/cbm.615
ANDREAS FREI1, BIRGIT VÖLLM2, MARC GRAF3 AND VOLKER
DITTMANN3,4, 1Forensic Psychiatric Services, Psychiatric Hospital Lucerne,
Kantonsspital, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland; 2University of Manchester,
Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Manchester, UK; 3Forensic Psychiatric
Department, University Psychiatric Services, Basle, Switzerland; 4University
of Basle, Switzerland
ABSTRACT
Background Single homicide committed by women is rare. Serial killing is very
infrequent, and the perpetrators are usually white, intelligent males with sadistic ten-
dencies. Serial killing by women has, however, also been described.
Aim To conduct a review of published literature on female serial killers and consider
its usefulness in assessing a presenting case.
Method A literature review was conducted, after searching EMBASE, MEDLINE
and PsycINFO. The presenting clinical case is described in detail in the context of the
literature findings.
Results The literature search revealed few relevant publications. Attempts to catego-
rize the phenomenon of female serial killing according to patterns of and motives for
the homicides have been made by some authors. The most common motive identified
was material gain or similar extrinsic gratification while the ‘hedonistic’ sadistic or
sexual serial killer seems to be extremely rare in women. There is no consistent theory
of serial killing by women, but psychopathic personality traits and abusive childhood
experiences have consistently been observed. The authors’ case did not fit the descrip-
tion of a ‘typical’ female serial killer.
Discussion In such unusual circumstances as serial killing by a woman, detailed
individual case formulation is required to make sense of the psychopathology in each
case. Publication of cases in scientific journals should be encouraged to advance our
understanding of this phenomenon. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction
Overall, men are about six to seven times more likely to kill others than are
women (d’Orban, 1990; Kellermann and Mercy, 1992) but this ratio is different
for homicide in a domestic environment. Trube-Becker (1982) found that in 23%
Frei et al.
Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 16: 167–176 (2006)
DOI: 10.1002/cbm
R1
168
of cases of spouse-killing the perpetrator was a woman. These women have
usually suffered long periods of abuse by their partner (Mercy and Saltzmann,
1989; Trube-Becker, 1982). This type of killing can be reconciled with the percep-
tion of women as nurturing and vulnerable, and only capable of extreme violence
if provoked. Serial homicide does not fit this stereotype.
Serial killing has bee.
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This document discusses and responds to several criticisms of Islamic criminal laws and practices, including:
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2) Permissibility of hitting wives, arguing it is only allowed as a last resort in cases of severe disobedience and with strict limitations to prevent harm.
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difficult dawah_questions
This document discusses several controversial issues related to Islamic law and addresses common criticisms. It argues that:
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- 1. Situation ethics: Joseph Fletcher’s four examples
- 2. Situation ethics Joseph Fletcher In Fletcher’s situation ethics there are four working presumptions, six fundamental principles and four examples.
- 3. Situation ethics The four working presumptions 1. Pragmatism — the action proposed must work in practice. 2. Relativism — there are no fixed rules, but all decisions must be based on agape. ‘Love relativises the absolute, it does not absolutise the relative.’ (Joseph Fletcher) 3. Positivism — using the principles of Christian love, a value judgement has to be made. 4. Personalism — people are the first concern, not laws.
- 4. Situation ethics The six fundamental principles 1. Agape — love is the only absolute, it is always good and right. ‘The ruling norm of Christian decision is love: nothing else.’ (Fletcher) 2. This love is self-giving and overrides all laws. This may, for example, give permission to kill if it is the most loving action. ‘Love and justice are the same, for love is justice distributed, nothing else.’ (Fletcher). 3. Justice follows from love and love put into practice can only result in justice. ‘Love wills the neighbour's good, whether we like him or not.’ (Fletcher)
- 5. Situation ethics The six fundamental principles 4. Love has no favourites and therefore does not give preferential treatment to particular people. ‘Agape is giving love — non-reciprocal, neighbour regarding.’ (Fletcher). 5. Love must be the end not a means to an end. ‘Love’s decisions are made situationally, not prescriptively.’(Fletcher) 6. The loving thing to do depends on the situation, therefore what is right in one situation may be wrong in another.
- 6. Situation ethics Fletcher’s four examples Although most textbooks mention the fact that Fletcher gave four examples of the possible application of situation ethics, they seldom if ever cite the examples: • Himself Might his Quietus Make • Special Bombing Mission No. 13 • Christian Cloak and Dagger • Sacrificial Adultery (Mrs Bergmeier) The following slides provide summaries of the four examples. Research Fletcher’s work to find the full versions.
- 7. Situation ethics Himself Might his Quietus Make A terminally ill patient has 6 months to live. His doctors can prescribe pills that will keep him alive for 3 years. However, his life insurance policy expires the following October. If he takes the pills and lives past October, his policy will not be renewed and his family will be left with nothing when he dies. Should he not take the pills, in order that his family are left with some security?
- 8. Situation ethics Special Bombing Mission No. 13 ‘When the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, the plane crew were silent. Captain Lewis uttered six words, “My God, what have we done?” Three days later another one fell on Nagasaki. About 152,000 were killed, many times more were wounded and burned, to die later. The next day Japan sued for peace.’ In order to decide whether to use nuclear weapons, the US president appointed a committee: •the military advisors favoured using them •top-level scientists said they could find no acceptable alternative to using them •other, equally able, scientists opposed their use The committee decided that the lives saved by ending the war swiftly by using this weapon outweighed the lives destroyed by using it.
- 9. Situation ethics Christian Cloak and Dagger While reading Biblical Faith and Social Ethics on a plane, a man is approached by a young woman, who asks him to help her solve a problem. Her government had asked her to seduce and sleep with an enemy spy in order to blackmail him. This went against her morals, but if the plan was successful it could bring the war to an end. Were the thousands of lives that would be saved worth breaking her moral standards for?
- 10. Situation ethics Sacrificial Adultery (Mrs Bergmeir) During the Second World War, a married German woman with three children was captured by a Soviet patrol and taken to a prisoner-of-war camp in the Ukraine. Once the war ended, she learned that her family were trying to stay together and find her. According to the rules, she could only be released from the camp if she was pregnant. After considering her options, she asked a Volga German camp guard to impregnate her. She was sent back to Germany and her family welcomed her, even when she told them how she had done it. They loved the child because of what he had done for them. After the christening, they discussed the morality of the situation with their pastor.
- 11. Situation ethics Criticisms Although Fletcher gives examples, they are very individual and exceptional. In some examples Fletcher appears to reinterpret Jesus’ actions in order to defend his own theory.