Fe3O4 nano-particles were synthesized using chemical co-precipitation at temperatures ranging from 30-60Β°C. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the particles had different sizes and structural properties depending on the synthesis temperature. The sample prepared at 50Β°C was found to be the most stable. Future work will include VSM and HRTEM studies to determine actual particle size distributions and EPR studies of the samples at different temperatures.
1) The document reports on a study that examined how the concentration of graphene nanofiller within polypropylene nanocomposites affects flame retardancy, impact strength resistance, and melting point.
2) The study found that increasing the graphene concentration improved flame retardancy but reduced impact strength resistance and lowered the melting point.
3) This is because the mismatch between polypropylene and graphene properties introduced stresses that weakened the nanocomposite structure at the nanoscale.
Vanadium doped zinc telluride (ZnTe:V) thin films (containing 2.5 to 10wt% V) were deposited onto glass
substrates by e-beam evaporation technique in vacuum at a pressure of 8Γ10-4
Pa. Thermoelectric power of these
films have been measured from room temperature up to 413 K with reference to pure copper material. The
deposition rate of the films was maintained at 2.05 nms-1
. The composition and temperature dependence
thermopower and its related parameters have been studied in detail for a particular thickness of 150 nm. The
Fermi levels were determined using a non-degenerate semiconducting model. The carrier scattering index,
activation energy and temperature coefficient of activation energy have all been obtained at different ranges of
compositions and temperatures. The results of thermopower of ZnTe:V thin films obey an activated conduction
mechanism and also suggest that the simultaneous bipolar conduction of both (n- and p-types) carriers (mixed
carriers) take place. All these samples are optically transparent and mixed crystalline in structure
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The document investigates the growth and optical properties of BexZn1-xTe epitaxial layers with Be concentrations ranging from 0-0.7. Reflectivity and photoluminescence spectra were used to determine the direct-indirect band gap crossover. The results indicate the crossover occurs at around x=0.28 Be concentration. Above this concentration, BexZn1-xTe behaves as an indirect semiconductor, while below it has direct band gap characteristics. The direct band gap increases linearly with Be content, while the indirect gap can be modeled by a quadratic equation related to composition.
Colligative properties of dilute solution is important topic of physical chemistry. mainly cover types with application of it day to day life... must to watch and share
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
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a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
This document discusses several types of viscometers used to measure viscosity, including rotational viscometers, cone and plate viscometers, and falling ball viscometers. Rotational viscometers measure viscosity by sensing the torque resistance of a spindle rotating in a fluid sample at constant speeds. Cone and plate viscometers measure the torque required to rotate a cone in highly viscous fluids and pastes at varying angular velocities. Falling ball viscometers time the fall of a ball between marks in a temperature-controlled fluid sample to calculate viscosity.
This meta-analysis combines data from 5 randomized controlled trials investigating adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiation for pancreatic cancer. It includes individual patient data from 875 patients across 4 trials, as well as previously unpublished updated follow-up data from 261 additional patients in the ESPAC1 trial. The analysis found that chemotherapy significantly reduced the risk of death, with median survival of 19 months with chemotherapy versus 13.5 months without. However, chemoradiation did not significantly reduce the risk of death compared to no adjuvant treatment, with median survivals of 15.8 months and 15.2 months respectively. Subgroup analyses suggested chemoradiation may be more effective for patients with positive resection margins, while chemotherapy was less effective for this
1) The document reports on a study that examined how the concentration of graphene nanofiller within polypropylene nanocomposites affects flame retardancy, impact strength resistance, and melting point.
2) The study found that increasing the graphene concentration improved flame retardancy but reduced impact strength resistance and lowered the melting point.
3) This is because the mismatch between polypropylene and graphene properties introduced stresses that weakened the nanocomposite structure at the nanoscale.
Vanadium doped zinc telluride (ZnTe:V) thin films (containing 2.5 to 10wt% V) were deposited onto glass
substrates by e-beam evaporation technique in vacuum at a pressure of 8Γ10-4
Pa. Thermoelectric power of these
films have been measured from room temperature up to 413 K with reference to pure copper material. The
deposition rate of the films was maintained at 2.05 nms-1
. The composition and temperature dependence
thermopower and its related parameters have been studied in detail for a particular thickness of 150 nm. The
Fermi levels were determined using a non-degenerate semiconducting model. The carrier scattering index,
activation energy and temperature coefficient of activation energy have all been obtained at different ranges of
compositions and temperatures. The results of thermopower of ZnTe:V thin films obey an activated conduction
mechanism and also suggest that the simultaneous bipolar conduction of both (n- and p-types) carriers (mixed
carriers) take place. All these samples are optically transparent and mixed crystalline in structure
Direct-to-indirect band gap crossover for the BexZn1-xTe alloyOleg Maksimov
Β
The document investigates the growth and optical properties of BexZn1-xTe epitaxial layers with Be concentrations ranging from 0-0.7. Reflectivity and photoluminescence spectra were used to determine the direct-indirect band gap crossover. The results indicate the crossover occurs at around x=0.28 Be concentration. Above this concentration, BexZn1-xTe behaves as an indirect semiconductor, while below it has direct band gap characteristics. The direct band gap increases linearly with Be content, while the indirect gap can be modeled by a quadratic equation related to composition.
Colligative properties of dilute solution is important topic of physical chemistry. mainly cover types with application of it day to day life... must to watch and share
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
Β
a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
This document discusses several types of viscometers used to measure viscosity, including rotational viscometers, cone and plate viscometers, and falling ball viscometers. Rotational viscometers measure viscosity by sensing the torque resistance of a spindle rotating in a fluid sample at constant speeds. Cone and plate viscometers measure the torque required to rotate a cone in highly viscous fluids and pastes at varying angular velocities. Falling ball viscometers time the fall of a ball between marks in a temperature-controlled fluid sample to calculate viscosity.
This meta-analysis combines data from 5 randomized controlled trials investigating adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiation for pancreatic cancer. It includes individual patient data from 875 patients across 4 trials, as well as previously unpublished updated follow-up data from 261 additional patients in the ESPAC1 trial. The analysis found that chemotherapy significantly reduced the risk of death, with median survival of 19 months with chemotherapy versus 13.5 months without. However, chemoradiation did not significantly reduce the risk of death compared to no adjuvant treatment, with median survivals of 15.8 months and 15.2 months respectively. Subgroup analyses suggested chemoradiation may be more effective for patients with positive resection margins, while chemotherapy was less effective for this
A spherical aluminum oxide abrasive is the best choice for polishing resins like polycarbonate and acrylic. Here's why. Learn more: http://nanophase.com/markets/optical-surface-polishing/
"Nano Alumina Slurries for Improved Polishing on Thermoset and Thermoplastic Resins" was presented by Abigail Hooper at Optifab 2015 in Rochester, NY.
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nano particles using flower extract cassia dens...IJERD Editor
Β
Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is an interesting issue of the nanoscience and
nanobiotechnology. There is a growing attention to biosynthesis the metal nanoparticles using organisms.
Among these organisms, plants seem to be the best and they are suitable for large scale biosynthesis of
nanoparticles. Nanoparticles produced by plants are more stable, and the rate of synthesis is faster than that in
the case of other organisms. The present investigation was carried out to green synthesis of zinc oxide
nanoparticles by using the medicinal plant cassia densistipulata taub. The flower was collected from the campus
of Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh and their petals were separated. The petals were taken and cleaned with
dimeneralized water and soaked for an hour on dry cloth to remove moisture from the petals.
Synthesis of Zinc Nanoparticles was done by mixing 5gms of Zinc Nitrate with 50ml of aqueous
extract of cassia densistipulata taub petals. The formation of nanoparticles was monitored by visualizing color
changes and it was confirmed by Electron microscope (SEM), UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Fourier
Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results of various techniques confirmed the presence Zinc oxide
nanoparticles.
This document summarizes adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. It discusses the rationale for adjuvant chemotherapy based on the Fisher hypothesis that breast cancer is a systemic disease at diagnosis. Evidence from large meta-analyses shows that adjuvant chemotherapy improves outcomes compared to no treatment or CMF chemotherapy alone. The addition of anthracyclines or taxanes to chemotherapy regimens provides further benefits. Molecular profiling tools can help select patients who will most benefit from chemotherapy based on tumor biology. Guidelines recommend chemotherapy for higher risk patient subgroups based on tumor characteristics and gene expression profiles.
This document presents a seminar on the synthesis of nanoparticles using solution combustion. It describes the solution combustion synthesis process, which involves selecting an oxidizer and fuel, balancing the chemical equation, mixing the chemicals in solution and heating to initiate combustion. This self-sustaining combustion reaction produces nanoparticles that are then calcined at high temperatures. The method allows for rapid, low-cost synthesis of nanoparticles less than 50 nm in size, such as copper oxide and zinc oxide, without needing specialized equipment.
Advances In Adjuvant Systemic Therapy Of Breast Cancerfondas vakalis
Β
This document discusses adjuvant systemic therapy options for breast cancer. It provides an overview of chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy and radiotherapy approaches. It also discusses ongoing clinical trials evaluating newer adjuvant treatments and biomarkers to help determine optimal treatment approaches for individual patients.
The document discusses different methods for producing alumina nanoparticles, including sol-gel, spray pyrolysis, and emulsion combustion methods. Sol-gel produces nanoparticles below 30 nm and allows control of particle properties. Spray pyrolysis controls particle size below 400 nm using an ultrasonic spray of precursor solutions decomposed at 700Β°C. Emulsion combustion combines emulsion and combustion processes to continuously produce hollow spherical alumina nanoparticles 200-800 nm in size with 10 nm shells.
Anticancer drugs work by killing cancer cells or modifying their growth. Most were discovered between 1950-1970 after nitrogen mustard was first used in the 1940s. Cancer treatment includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgery. The aims of cancer therapy are to cure or prolong remission, provide palliation, or use adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery/radiotherapy. Anticancer agents are classified as cytotoxic drugs, targeted drugs, or hormonal drugs. Cytotoxic drugs include alkylating agents, platinum agents, antimetabolites, microtubule damaging agents, topoisomerase inhibitors, and antibiotics. They work by various mechanisms such as cross-linking DNA, inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis, or interfering with microtubule
This document discusses various methods for synthesizing nanomaterials, including top-down and bottom-up approaches. The top-down approach involves breaking down bulk materials into nanoparticles, using methods like attrition and lithography. The bottom-up approach involves building nanoparticles from molecular precursors using methods like pyrolysis, solvothermal processes, and sol-gel techniques. These synthetic methods allow for the production of nanomaterials with applications in areas like drug delivery, coatings, and imaging. Further development could improve biological imaging and cancer treatment.
Synthesis of nanoparticles- physical,chemical and biologicalPriya Nanda
Β
This document discusses various methods for synthesizing nanoparticles, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Physical methods include ball milling, melt mixing, physical vapor deposition techniques like sputtering and laser ablation. Chemical methods involve reducing metal salts or using sol-gel processes. Biological methods use microorganisms, plant extracts, proteins like ferritin, or biomolecular templates to synthesize nanoparticles. The document compares top-down lithography approaches to bottom-up assembly and provides many examples of synthesizing specific nanomaterials.
A spherical aluminum oxide abrasive is the best choice for polishing resins like polycarbonate and acrylic. Here's why. Learn more: http://nanophase.com/markets/optical-surface-polishing/
"Nano Alumina Slurries for Improved Polishing on Thermoset and Thermoplastic Resins" was presented by Abigail Hooper at Optifab 2015 in Rochester, NY.
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nano particles using flower extract cassia dens...IJERD Editor
Β
Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is an interesting issue of the nanoscience and
nanobiotechnology. There is a growing attention to biosynthesis the metal nanoparticles using organisms.
Among these organisms, plants seem to be the best and they are suitable for large scale biosynthesis of
nanoparticles. Nanoparticles produced by plants are more stable, and the rate of synthesis is faster than that in
the case of other organisms. The present investigation was carried out to green synthesis of zinc oxide
nanoparticles by using the medicinal plant cassia densistipulata taub. The flower was collected from the campus
of Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh and their petals were separated. The petals were taken and cleaned with
dimeneralized water and soaked for an hour on dry cloth to remove moisture from the petals.
Synthesis of Zinc Nanoparticles was done by mixing 5gms of Zinc Nitrate with 50ml of aqueous
extract of cassia densistipulata taub petals. The formation of nanoparticles was monitored by visualizing color
changes and it was confirmed by Electron microscope (SEM), UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Fourier
Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results of various techniques confirmed the presence Zinc oxide
nanoparticles.
This document summarizes adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. It discusses the rationale for adjuvant chemotherapy based on the Fisher hypothesis that breast cancer is a systemic disease at diagnosis. Evidence from large meta-analyses shows that adjuvant chemotherapy improves outcomes compared to no treatment or CMF chemotherapy alone. The addition of anthracyclines or taxanes to chemotherapy regimens provides further benefits. Molecular profiling tools can help select patients who will most benefit from chemotherapy based on tumor biology. Guidelines recommend chemotherapy for higher risk patient subgroups based on tumor characteristics and gene expression profiles.
This document presents a seminar on the synthesis of nanoparticles using solution combustion. It describes the solution combustion synthesis process, which involves selecting an oxidizer and fuel, balancing the chemical equation, mixing the chemicals in solution and heating to initiate combustion. This self-sustaining combustion reaction produces nanoparticles that are then calcined at high temperatures. The method allows for rapid, low-cost synthesis of nanoparticles less than 50 nm in size, such as copper oxide and zinc oxide, without needing specialized equipment.
Advances In Adjuvant Systemic Therapy Of Breast Cancerfondas vakalis
Β
This document discusses adjuvant systemic therapy options for breast cancer. It provides an overview of chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy and radiotherapy approaches. It also discusses ongoing clinical trials evaluating newer adjuvant treatments and biomarkers to help determine optimal treatment approaches for individual patients.
The document discusses different methods for producing alumina nanoparticles, including sol-gel, spray pyrolysis, and emulsion combustion methods. Sol-gel produces nanoparticles below 30 nm and allows control of particle properties. Spray pyrolysis controls particle size below 400 nm using an ultrasonic spray of precursor solutions decomposed at 700Β°C. Emulsion combustion combines emulsion and combustion processes to continuously produce hollow spherical alumina nanoparticles 200-800 nm in size with 10 nm shells.
Anticancer drugs work by killing cancer cells or modifying their growth. Most were discovered between 1950-1970 after nitrogen mustard was first used in the 1940s. Cancer treatment includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgery. The aims of cancer therapy are to cure or prolong remission, provide palliation, or use adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery/radiotherapy. Anticancer agents are classified as cytotoxic drugs, targeted drugs, or hormonal drugs. Cytotoxic drugs include alkylating agents, platinum agents, antimetabolites, microtubule damaging agents, topoisomerase inhibitors, and antibiotics. They work by various mechanisms such as cross-linking DNA, inhibiting DNA/RNA synthesis, or interfering with microtubule
This document discusses various methods for synthesizing nanomaterials, including top-down and bottom-up approaches. The top-down approach involves breaking down bulk materials into nanoparticles, using methods like attrition and lithography. The bottom-up approach involves building nanoparticles from molecular precursors using methods like pyrolysis, solvothermal processes, and sol-gel techniques. These synthetic methods allow for the production of nanomaterials with applications in areas like drug delivery, coatings, and imaging. Further development could improve biological imaging and cancer treatment.
Synthesis of nanoparticles- physical,chemical and biologicalPriya Nanda
Β
This document discusses various methods for synthesizing nanoparticles, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Physical methods include ball milling, melt mixing, physical vapor deposition techniques like sputtering and laser ablation. Chemical methods involve reducing metal salts or using sol-gel processes. Biological methods use microorganisms, plant extracts, proteins like ferritin, or biomolecular templates to synthesize nanoparticles. The document compares top-down lithography approaches to bottom-up assembly and provides many examples of synthesizing specific nanomaterials.
Synthesis of nanoparticles- physical,chemical and biological
Β
Roy-document-2
1. Temperature effect on the synthesis of ππ π πΆ π nano particles
Prasenjit Roy
EPR Spectroscopy Section, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110012
πΉπ3 π4 Nano-particles were synthesized at different temperature from 30Β° to 60Β° C. Chemical co precipitation method was used in this respect. So particles
with different size were produced. Later on their structural properties were studied by X-ray diffraction method
Introduction ::
Magnetic fluid or Ferrofluids is a liquid dispersion of magnetic nanoparticles has a potential number of applications in different fields as magnetism, optics, rheology, biophysics, and biomedical. A magnetic
particle with a single magnetic domain is coated or stabilized by surfactant molecules to prevent them from aggregation. Out of the wide variety of Ferrofluids, πΉπ3 π4 is the most widely used fluid and is the
base of all other application with suitable doping.
In the current work, πΉπ3 π4 based Ferrofluids was synthesized at different temperature . And the change in their structural properties were studied. For my present work kerosene based oleic acid coated fluid
were synthesized . I have also synthesized water based double coated πΉπ3 π4 Ferrofluid.
Core Shell Structure ::
The nano sized single domain particles are Preperation ::
coated with surfactant molecules. In case of
The process called chemical co-precipitation method. 4.33 g of πΉππΆπ2 . 4π»2 π of 99% purity and 7.15 g of anhydrous πΉππΆπ3 were mixed with water
polar ferrofluid, as water/alchohol based fluid,
to make 100 ml solution. Then both are magnetically stirred till the whole stuff dissolved. Then it is heated at 60 degree Celsius and oleic acid
there are two layer of surfactants whereas, in
were made. When the solution was made. It is kept inside a very precise temperature bath (accurate upto 0.01 K). When the solution reaches the
non-polar fluid based ferrofluid, only one layer of
temperature of the bath, Ammonium Hydroxide was added drop-wise to it till it reaches a pH level of 9. Finally the precipitation state stirred
surfactant is present giving it a stronger
again very well.
saturation magnetization.
πΉππΆπ3 + πΉππΆπ2 + ππ»4 ππ» + π»2 π β πΉπ3 π4 + ππ»4 πΆπ
Finally this precipitation states is separated magnetically using a bar magnet. When the process is repeated 3-4 times, the precipitation is heated
on a hot plate and at last kerosene is added to it accordingly. Later on the colloidal solution is ultrasonicated for getting an equally dispersed
phase and finally centrifuged to separate out the larger particles.
Future Work::
The VSM study of the samples are to be
XRD Pattern ::
done along with the HRTEM of the
Non Polar The following XRD pattern was noted using Rigaku made X-ray samples so to find the actual size
Polar diffractometer. We can further calculate the strain from the distribution of particle inside the sample.
given data. Using the In the later stage, EPR study at different
Scherrer equation temperature of them will be studied in
Stability :: and the formula
ppf4 details.
Because there are two opposite forces acting one 4ππ πππ =
Conclusion ::
against another, the fluid stability is depending 0.154
π½πππ π β , The preparation stage of the
upon the thickness of the surfactant layer and the π·
samples were kept same . But
diameter of the particle. we can find out
after the synthesis it was
the crystallite observed that the sample
Attraction
1. Dispersion Brownian size and the prepared at 50 Β°πΆ was most
Forces ~ π β6. Repulsion value of strain. stable . So we can optimized
Repulsion
~ KT the sample preparation .
2. Dipole
attraction ~ π β3.
Prasenjit Roy is thankful to Dr. R. P. Pant for guiding him , Mr. Mahesh Chand for viscosity data and CSIR for providing fellowship.