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Romansique architecture a brief explanation

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Hagarnasser2

Romansique architecture

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‫العمارة‬ ‫الرومانيسك‬ * ‫الدينية‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫تأثير‬ : - ‫الصليبية‬ ‫الحروب‬ - ‫الرهبنة‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫وتطور‬ ‫الرهبان‬ ‫جاليات‬ ‫ظهور‬ - ‫المقدسة‬ ‫لألثار‬ ‫الدينى‬ ‫اإلحترام‬ - ‫عنها‬ ‫المادى‬ ‫التعبير‬ ‫وحماسة‬ ‫الدينية‬ ‫الحمية‬ : ،‫الرهبان‬ ‫أديرة‬ ‫والكنائس‬ ‫الكاتدرائيات‬ * ‫الرومانسكية‬ ‫العمارة‬ ‫مميزات‬ - ‫األفقية‬ ‫المساقط‬ - ‫اإلنشاء‬ - ‫الواجهات‬ - ‫الزخرفة‬ Department of Architecture Spring semester 2022/2023 History of Architecture II Romanesque Architecture
Department of Architecture Preparatory Grade 2013/2014 Architectural Drawing and Design Studio 1st Semester/September 2013 Department of Architecture Preparatory Grade 2013/2014 Architectural Drawing and Design Studio 1st Semester/September 2013 DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG ‫العمارة‬ ‫الرومانسكية‬ Romanesque Architecture - ‫عام‬ ‫الغربية‬ ‫الرومانية‬ ‫الدولة‬ ‫اخر‬ ‫كانت‬ 775 ‫المعمارية‬ ‫االعمال‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫و‬ ‫العمارة‬ ‫فن‬ ‫في‬ ‫ركود‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫وتال‬ ‫م‬ ‫الكنائس‬ ‫بناء‬ ‫في‬ ‫محصورة‬ . - ‫شارلمان‬ ‫توج‬ ‫حتى‬ Charlemagne ‫عليها‬ ‫اطلق‬ ‫و‬ ‫االمبراطورية‬ ‫على‬ ‫ملكا‬ ( ‫المقدسة‬ ‫الرومانية‬ ‫االمبراطوريه‬ ) - ‫ظهور‬ ‫الى‬ ‫ادى‬ ‫مما‬ ‫التطور‬ ‫و‬ ‫التقدم‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعمارى‬ ‫الفن‬ ‫اخذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫الفنون‬ ‫سقطة‬ ‫رفع‬ ‫على‬ ‫شارلمان‬ ‫عمل‬ ” ‫الطراز‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ” ‫عام‬ ‫من‬ ‫استمر‬ ‫و‬ 800 ‫عام‬ ‫الى‬ ‫م‬ 1150 ‫م‬ - ‫وتاثرت‬ ‫والشمالية‬ ‫الغربية‬ ‫اوربا‬ ‫ممالك‬ ‫من‬ ‫تطوره‬ ‫اخذ‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫السابقة‬ ‫الكالسكية‬ ‫الطرز‬ ‫باقى‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يختلف‬ ‫القديمة‬ ‫الرومانية‬ ‫المبانى‬ ‫و‬ ‫الجو‬ ‫وحالة‬ ‫البناء‬ ‫بمواد‬ - ‫التالية‬ ‫الممالك‬ ‫في‬ ‫وارتقاءه‬ ‫تطوره‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫من‬ ‫لنتمكن‬ : - ‫ايطاليا‬ - ‫الماني‬ - ‫فرنسا‬ - ‫انجلترا‬ ‫مقدمـــــــــــــة‬ Spring semester 2022/2023
‫جرمانيا‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫الطراز‬ R O M A N E S Q U E ‫امثلة‬ ‫ايطليا‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرومانسكية‬ ‫للعمارة‬ - ‫اللومباردى‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫الطراز‬ Lombard Romanesque - ‫التوسكانى‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫الطراز‬ Tuscan Romanesque - ‫الطراز‬ ‫الرومانسكي‬ ‫الصقلى‬ Sicilian Romanesque ‫الرومانسكية‬ ‫للعمارة‬ ‫المعمارية‬ ‫الخواص‬ ‫الرومانسكية‬ ‫للعمارة‬ ‫المعمارية‬ ‫الخواص‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫ايطليا‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫المانيا‬
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫هذا‬ ‫في‬ ‫المنتشرة‬ ‫البناء‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫العصر‬ ‫حذا‬ ‫البنائون‬ ‫البيزنطيون‬ ‫حذو‬ ‫الرومان‬ ‫طرق‬ ‫في‬ ‫اإلنشاء‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫واستخدام‬ ‫البناء‬ ‫استعملوا‬ ‫انهم‬ ‫اي‬ ، ‫الطوب‬ ‫والخرسانه‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫الحوائط‬ ‫واألقبيه‬ ‫في‬ ‫استعملوه‬ ‫فلقد‬ ‫الفخار‬ ‫وحتى‬ ‫وغيرها‬ ‫القباب‬ ‫لخفته‬ ‫وذلك‬ . ‫م‬ ‫لدرجه‬ ‫يستعمل‬ ‫فكان‬ ‫الطوب‬ ‫اما‬ ‫يكن‬ ‫لم‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫حدده‬ ‫في‬ ‫بها‬ ‫يستعمل‬ ‫كان‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الكثره‬ ‫بمثل‬ ‫استعماله‬ ‫إيطاليا‬ . ‫الخارجي‬ ‫الحوائط‬ ‫بناء‬ ‫في‬ ‫غالبا‬ ‫يستعمل‬ ‫الطوب‬ ‫وكان‬ ‫من‬ ‫ة‬ ‫مداميك‬ ‫على‬ ‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫كنظيره‬ ‫المستعمل‬ ‫الطوب‬ ‫وكان‬ ‫قليل‬ ‫اال‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫لها‬ ‫يكن‬ ‫لم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الحليات‬ ‫محل‬ ‫وليحل‬ ‫زخرفى‬ ‫لغرض‬ ‫رباط‬ ‫هيئة‬ ‫طوب‬ ‫تماما‬ ‫الروماني‬ " ‫رفيعة‬ ‫كبيره‬ ‫قطع‬ ‫من‬ ‫أى‬ " ‫متسعة‬ ‫ولحاماتها‬ ‫المونة‬ ‫باستعمال‬ ‫يبنى‬ ‫وكان‬ . Roman Arches , Vaults and Walls Spring semester 2022/2023
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2022/2023
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2019/2020
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Prof.Dr/ Walid Omar EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG Spring semester 2022/2023 History of Architecture II ‫المعمارية‬ ‫الخصائص‬ ‫الرومانس‬ ‫للعمارة‬ ‫كية‬ Architecture Romanesque - ‫تاثر‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫بالمبانى‬ ‫الرومانية‬ ‫القديمة‬ ‫في‬ ‫ايطاليا‬ ‫و‬ ‫جنوب‬ ‫فرنسا‬ - ‫كان‬ ‫التاثير‬ ‫ضعيف‬ ‫فى‬ ‫شمال‬ ‫فرنسا‬ ‫و‬ ‫المانيا‬ ‫و‬ ‫انجلترا‬ ‫لعدم‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫المباني‬ ‫القديمة‬ - ‫كان‬ ‫للطراز‬ ‫البيزنطى‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫على‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫في‬ ‫غرب‬ ‫ايطاليا‬ ‫و‬ ‫في‬ ‫جنوب‬ ‫فرنس‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫قد‬ ‫اقتصر‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫على‬ ‫بناء‬ ‫الكنائس‬ ‫و‬ ‫تحسينها‬ ‫لتحاكي‬ ‫البازيليكا‬ ‫وتت‬ ‫وافق‬ ‫مع‬ ‫المناخ‬ ‫و‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫في‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫الممالك‬ - ‫اظهر‬ ‫ما‬ ‫في‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫هو‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫االقبية‬ ‫لتسقيف‬ ‫الكنائس‬ ‫لتالفي‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫النيران‬ ‫التى‬ ‫قد‬ ‫اتت‬ ‫على‬ ‫كثير‬ ‫من‬ ‫الكنائس‬ ‫القديمة‬ ‫المسقوفة‬ ‫باالخشاب‬ - ‫و‬ ‫قد‬ ‫اتبعت‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫الطريقة‬ ‫الرومانية‬ ‫القديمة‬ ‫لالقبيةالمتقاطعة‬ ‫الواقعة‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫مساحة‬ ‫مربع‬ ‫ة‬ - ‫اول‬ ‫تطوير‬ ‫للطريقة‬ ‫الرومانية‬ ‫القديمة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫القبو‬ ‫المتقاطع‬ ‫بعقد‬ ‫يطلق‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫االض‬ ‫الع‬ RIBS ‫و‬ ‫تتكون‬ ‫من‬ ‫اضالع‬ ‫عرضية‬ Transverse rib ‫و‬ ‫اضالع‬ ‫متقاطعة‬ Diagonal rib . - ‫قد‬ ‫استخدم‬ ‫العقد‬ ‫النصف‬ ‫دائرى‬ ‫في‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫محاوالت‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫االقبية‬ ‫للتسقيف‬ ‫بالكنائ‬ ‫س‬
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫المعمارية‬ ‫الخصائص‬ ‫الرومانس‬ ‫للعمارة‬ ‫كية‬ Romanesque Architecture - ‫في‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫االحيان‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫تبنى‬ ‫االضالع‬ ‫العرضية‬ ‫او‬ ‫المتقاطعة‬ ‫على‬ ‫شك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫دائرة‬ ‫مما‬ ‫ادى‬ ‫الى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫القبو‬ ‫المتقاطع‬ ‫على‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫قبة‬ - ‫يوضح‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫القبو‬ ‫الرباعي‬ ‫على‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫القبة‬ ‫الذى‬ ‫تتخذ‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫االضالع‬ ‫العرضية‬ ‫و‬ ‫االضالع‬ ‫المتقاطعة‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫دائريا‬ Spring semester 2022/2023
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II - ‫استعمل‬ ‫االحيان‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫في‬ ‫على‬ ‫المتقاطعة‬ ‫القبو‬ ‫الش‬ ‫المستطيلة‬ ‫المسحات‬ ‫كل‬ ‫الص‬ ‫العقد‬ ‫ابتداء‬ ‫برفع‬ ‫غير‬ ‫على‬ ‫تيجانها‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫العقد‬ ‫مع‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫ارتفاع‬ ‫الكبير‬ ‫السهم‬ - ‫استخدمت‬ ‫لتسقيف‬ ‫المتقاطعة‬ ‫االقبيه‬ ‫مساحتين‬ ‫بجعل‬ ‫المستطيلة‬ ‫المساحات‬ ‫باضافة‬ ‫مربعا‬ ‫تكونان‬ ‫مستطيلتين‬ ‫ضلع‬ ‫المستطيلين‬ ‫بين‬ ‫متوسط‬ , ‫النو‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬ ‫السداسى‬ ‫القبو‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫يطلق‬ Sexpartite Vault Spring semester 2022/2023
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II ‫في‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫ايطاليا‬ DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2022/2023
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II ‫في‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫ايطاليا‬ DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II - ‫ينقسم‬ ‫فن‬ ‫العمارة‬ ‫الرومانسكية‬ ‫في‬ ‫ايطاليا‬ ‫الى‬ ‫عدة‬ ‫طرز‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫منها‬ ‫مميزات‬ ‫خاصة‬ - ‫و‬ ‫اهم‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫االقسام‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الثالثة‬ ‫االتية‬ : - ‫الطراز‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫اللومباردى‬ Lombard Romanesque - ‫الطراز‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫التوسكانى‬ Tuscan Romanesque - ‫الطراز‬ ‫الرومانسكو‬ ‫الصقلى‬ Sicilian Romanesque ‫اللومباردي‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫الطراز‬ - ‫تطور‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫في‬ ‫سهول‬ ” ‫لومبارديا‬ ” , ‫و‬ ‫قد‬ ‫وجدت‬ ‫نمازج‬ ‫له‬ ‫في‬ ‫ميالنو‬ ‫و‬ ‫بافيرونا‬ - ‫جو‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫الجهات‬ ‫بارد‬ ‫في‬ ‫الشتاء‬ ‫و‬ ‫حار‬ ‫نوعا‬ ‫صيفا‬ ‫لذلك‬ ‫كان‬ ‫من‬ ‫الالزم‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ترعى‬ ‫المبانى‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫التناقض‬ - ‫االرض‬ ‫سهلية‬ ‫طينية‬ ‫صالحة‬ ‫لصناعة‬ ‫الطوب‬ , ‫كما‬ ‫انه‬ ‫كا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫الحصول‬ ‫على‬ ‫الرخام‬ ‫من‬ ‫جبال‬ ‫االلب‬ ‫المجاورة‬ - ‫كان‬ ‫الطوب‬ ‫يستعمل‬ ‫في‬ ‫الحوائط‬ ‫مع‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫الرخام‬ ‫في‬ ‫االروقة‬ ‫الخارجية‬ ‫و‬ ‫االعمدة‬ ‫و‬ ‫حول‬ ‫فتحات‬ ‫االبواب‬ - ‫كان‬ ‫التسقيف‬ ‫باالقبية‬ ‫وكان‬ ‫القبو‬ ‫اقرب‬ ‫ما‬ ‫الى‬ ‫القب‬ ‫ة‬ ‫واستخدمت‬ ‫لتسقيف‬ ‫صحن‬ ‫الكنيسة‬ ‫والمماشى‬ ‫الجانبي‬ ‫ة‬ Spring semester 2022/2023
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫بافبا‬ ‫فى‬ ‫ميشيل‬ ‫القديس‬ ‫كنيسة‬ S.Michele ‫اف‬ ‫مسقط‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫الكنيسة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫قى‬ ‫صليب‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫عل‬ ‫من‬ ‫مربعين‬ ‫قسمين‬ ‫وكل‬ ‫واحدا‬ ‫قسما‬ ‫يساوى‬ ‫المماشي‬ ‫الصحن‬ ‫من‬ ‫مربعا‬ ‫حيز‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫مثمن‬ ‫بقبه‬ ‫مغطى‬ A heavy octagonal lantern tower above the central crossing filters light into the transepts bellow Spring semester 2022/2023
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫شكلت‬ ‫الدعامات‬ ‫الحاملة‬ ‫لالقبية‬ ‫لتوافق‬ ‫اشكال‬ ‫ال‬ ‫عقود‬ ‫والمماشي‬ ‫الجانبية‬ ‫مكونة‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫طابقين‬ ‫منصة‬ ‫الترتيل‬ ‫مرتفعه‬ ‫ف‬ ‫وق‬ ‫الضريح‬ ‫و‬ ‫محملة‬ ‫على‬ ‫اقب‬ ‫ية‬ ‫هناك‬ ‫حيز‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫تقاطع‬ ‫الصليب‬ ‫مثمن‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫قف‬ ‫بقبة‬ ‫طابقين‬ ‫من‬ ‫مماشي‬ ‫الضريح‬ Spring semester 2022/2023
DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II - ‫مكو‬ ‫االحيان‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫في‬ ‫المماشى‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫نة‬ ‫الى‬ ‫تنقسم‬ ‫احيانا‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫و‬ ‫طابقين‬ ‫من‬ ‫صغيرة‬ ‫جانبية‬ ‫كنائس‬ Side Chapeis ‫ساند‬ ‫كحائط‬ ‫تعمل‬ ‫التقسيم‬ ‫حوائط‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫و‬ Buttresses ‫الصحن‬ ‫القبية‬ - ‫الممشى‬ ‫من‬ ‫قسمىن‬ ‫جعل‬ ‫اللومباردية‬ ‫االقبية‬ ‫مافي‬ ‫اظهر‬ ( ‫الجناح‬ ) ‫الصحن‬ ‫من‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫لقسم‬ ‫مساويين‬ Spring semester 2022/2023
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II - ‫الب‬ ‫المسقط‬ ‫يحاكى‬ ‫للكنيسة‬ ‫االفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬ ‫كان‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫ازيلكي‬ ‫اال‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫مع‬ ‫ليتناسب‬ ‫تطويره‬ ‫مع‬ ‫العرضى‬ ‫البهو‬ ‫نشائية‬ ‫الحديثة‬ - ‫ب‬ ‫مسقوفة‬ ‫للكنيسة‬ ‫الشرقى‬ ‫الطرف‬ ‫فى‬ ‫القبلة‬ ‫قبة‬ ‫نصف‬ - ‫اقب‬ ‫و‬ ‫المنور‬ ‫قبة‬ ‫غطيت‬ ‫ية‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫و‬ ‫المماشي‬ ‫و‬ ‫الصحن‬ ‫بس‬ ‫الخارج‬ ‫من‬ ‫القبلة‬ ‫قبة‬ ‫قف‬ ‫بالقرم‬ ‫مغطى‬ ‫الميل‬ ‫قليل‬ ‫يد‬ - ‫الخش‬ ‫السقف‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫بى‬ ‫من‬ ‫صفوف‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫الى‬ ‫الصغيرة‬ ‫العقود‬ Eaves Arcades Spring semester 2022/2023
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II - ‫العقود‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫يظهر‬ ‫الزخرفي‬ ‫للغرض‬ ‫الصغيرة‬ ‫الميل‬ ‫اعلى‬ ‫في‬ ‫وجودها‬ ‫من‬ ‫الواجهات‬ ‫من‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫المثلثى‬ Gable Slope - ‫عبار‬ ‫الغربية‬ ‫الواجهة‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫ة‬ ‫التغ‬ ‫وراءه‬ ‫يخفى‬ ‫ستار‬ ‫عن‬ ‫يير‬ ‫الصحن‬ ‫سقف‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫بين‬ ‫و‬ ‫المماشي‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫الجانبية‬ - ‫التي‬ ‫المتجاورة‬ ‫الصغيرة‬ ‫العقود‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫الطرا‬ ‫واجهات‬ ‫نهايات‬ ‫تشكيل‬ ‫في‬ ‫استخدمت‬ ‫ز‬ ‫االمر‬ ‫بادئ‬ ‫في‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫التى‬ ‫و‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫فى‬ ‫المساعدة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫و‬ ‫انشائى‬ ‫لغرض‬ ‫مستخدمة‬ ‫يغط‬ ‫الذى‬ ‫القرميد‬ ‫و‬ ‫الخشبية‬ ‫االسقف‬ ‫حمل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫المتقاطعة‬ ‫القبوات‬ Spring semester 2022/2023
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫الزخارف‬ ‫و‬ ‫الحليات‬ - ‫قواعدها‬ ‫و‬ ‫االعمدة‬ ‫تيجان‬ ‫و‬ ‫النوافذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫االبواب‬ ‫في‬ ‫اال‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫بدرجة‬ ‫تستعمل‬ ‫الحليات‬ ‫تكن‬ ‫لم‬ - ‫طبيعية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫غريبة‬ ‫اشكال‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫حيوانات‬ ‫ظهور‬ ‫على‬ ‫غالبا‬ ‫ترتكز‬ ‫الخارجى‬ ‫الرواق‬ ‫االعمدة‬ ‫قواعد‬ ‫كانت‬ - ‫الطوب‬ ‫مداميك‬ ‫تبريز‬ ‫من‬ ‫تشكل‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫الكرانيش‬ ‫كانت‬ Brick Corbelling Courses - ‫عليها‬ ‫معقود‬ ‫المدخل‬ ‫تتقدم‬ ‫صغيرة‬ ‫مظلة‬ ‫دائرية‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫بعقود‬ - ‫ظهور‬ ‫على‬ ‫غالبا‬ ‫مرتكزة‬ ‫االعمدة‬ ‫من‬ ‫زوج‬ ‫الحيوانات‬ ‫اشكال‬ - ‫الشكل‬ ‫مستطيل‬ ‫المدخل‬ ‫باب‬ ‫الـمـــدخـــل‬
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2022/2023 ‫الرئيسي‬ ‫المدخل‬
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫واجهة‬ ‫الكنيسة‬ ‫الغربية‬ ‫بسيطة‬ ‫في‬ ‫مظهرها‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬ ‫حتوى‬ ‫على‬ ‫اربعة‬ ‫اشرطة‬ ‫رأسيه‬ ‫و‬ ‫تحتوي‬ ‫على‬ ‫صف‬ ‫من‬ ‫العقود‬ ‫الرفيعة‬ ‫الصغي‬ ‫رة‬ ‫على‬ ‫ميل‬ ‫الصقف‬ ‫المثلث‬ ‫وتحتوي‬ ‫علي‬ ‫ثالث‬ ‫مداخل‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫لها‬ ‫دهاليز‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫ية‬ ‫الزاوية‬ ‫في‬ ‫يقع‬ ‫و‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫مربع‬ ‫االجراس‬ ‫برج‬ ‫الجناح‬ ‫و‬ ‫القبلة‬ ‫بين‬ ‫المحصوره‬ Spring semester 2022/2023
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫التوسكانى‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫الطراز‬ - ‫لقد‬ ‫اهتمو‬ ‫بالطرق‬ ‫الزخرافية‬ ‫فقط‬ ‫و‬ ‫اهملو‬ ‫المسائل‬ ‫االنشائية‬ - ‫الكنائس‬ ‫التوسكانية‬ ‫قد‬ ‫اتبعت‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫و‬ ‫التصميم‬ ‫الذى‬ ‫كان‬ ‫متب‬ ‫عا‬ ‫في‬ ‫كنائس‬ ‫فجر‬ ‫المسيحية‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫البازيليكي‬ - ‫كان‬ ‫الصحن‬ ‫يسقف‬ ‫بسقف‬ ‫خشبي‬ ‫مرتفعة‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫بطانة‬ ‫مسطحة‬ ‫و‬ ‫المماش‬ ‫ى‬ ‫تسقف‬ ‫باقبية‬ ‫مستمرة‬ - ‫يالحظ‬ ‫التاثير‬ ‫البيزنطى‬ ‫في‬ ‫كثرة‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫الرخام‬ ‫في‬ ‫الحوائط‬ - ‫كان‬ ‫االهتمام‬ ‫بالوجهه‬ ‫الغربيه‬ ‫مع‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫االهتمام‬ ‫بالواجهات‬ ‫الجانبية‬ - ‫دائما‬ ‫ما‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫مداخل‬ ‫الكنيسة‬ ‫من‬ ‫ثالث‬ ‫ابواب‬ ‫احدهم‬ ‫للصحن‬ ‫و‬ ‫االخريي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫للمماشي‬ ‫الجانبية‬ - ‫االسقف‬ ‫مائلة‬ ‫ميال‬ ‫طفيفا‬ ‫كما‬ ‫هو‬ ‫الحال‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الكنائس‬ ‫اللومباردية‬ ‫و‬ ‫تغط‬ ‫ي‬ ‫بطبقة‬ ‫من‬ ‫القرميد‬ - ‫تواجد‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫فى‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫وسط‬ ‫ايطاليا‬ ‫فى‬ ‫بيزا‬ ‫و‬ ‫فلورنسا‬ One of the first streams of Romanesque architecture in Europe from the 10th century and the beginning of 11th century is called First Romanesque or Lombard Romanesque. It took place in the region of Lombardy and spread into Catalonia and into the south of France. Its principal decoration for the exterior, bands of ornamental blind arches are called lombard bands. It was characterized by thick walls and lack of sculpture in facades, and with interiors profusely painted with frescoes. Spring semester 2022/2023
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫بيزا‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ( ‫الكاتدرائية‬ – ‫التعميد‬ ‫كنيسة‬ – ‫االجراس‬ ‫برج‬ ) Spring semester 2022/2023
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫بيزا‬ ‫كتدرائية‬ Spring semester 2019/2020
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2022/2023
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2019/2020
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2022/2023
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫المعمودية‬ • ‫االفق‬ ‫المسقط‬ ‫ى‬ • ‫الواجهة‬ Spring semester 2019/2020
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2019/2020
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2019/2020
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫البرج‬ • ‫الدور‬ ‫االفقى‬ ‫المسقط‬ ‫االرضى‬ ‫والسابع‬ ‫واالول‬ • ‫قطاع‬ Spring semester 2019/2020
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Campanile of Duomo di Pisa, Italy (1173-1372) Spring semester 2019/2020
Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar Norman Architecture in Sicily DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Norman architecture in Sicily is often called Arab- Norman, or Sicilian Romanesque Spring semester 2022/2023
Romansique architecture a brief explanation

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Romansique architecture a brief explanation

  • 1. ‫العمارة‬ ‫الرومانيسك‬ * ‫الدينية‬ ‫العوامل‬ ‫تأثير‬ : - ‫الصليبية‬ ‫الحروب‬ - ‫الرهبنة‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫وتطور‬ ‫الرهبان‬ ‫جاليات‬ ‫ظهور‬ - ‫المقدسة‬ ‫لألثار‬ ‫الدينى‬ ‫اإلحترام‬ - ‫عنها‬ ‫المادى‬ ‫التعبير‬ ‫وحماسة‬ ‫الدينية‬ ‫الحمية‬ : ،‫الرهبان‬ ‫أديرة‬ ‫والكنائس‬ ‫الكاتدرائيات‬ * ‫الرومانسكية‬ ‫العمارة‬ ‫مميزات‬ - ‫األفقية‬ ‫المساقط‬ - ‫اإلنشاء‬ - ‫الواجهات‬ - ‫الزخرفة‬ Department of Architecture Spring semester 2022/2023 History of Architecture II Romanesque Architecture
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Department of Architecture Preparatory Grade 2013/2014 Architectural Drawing and Design Studio 1st Semester/September 2013 Department of Architecture Preparatory Grade 2013/2014 Architectural Drawing and Design Studio 1st Semester/September 2013 DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG ‫العمارة‬ ‫الرومانسكية‬ Romanesque Architecture - ‫عام‬ ‫الغربية‬ ‫الرومانية‬ ‫الدولة‬ ‫اخر‬ ‫كانت‬ 775 ‫المعمارية‬ ‫االعمال‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫و‬ ‫العمارة‬ ‫فن‬ ‫في‬ ‫ركود‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫وتال‬ ‫م‬ ‫الكنائس‬ ‫بناء‬ ‫في‬ ‫محصورة‬ . - ‫شارلمان‬ ‫توج‬ ‫حتى‬ Charlemagne ‫عليها‬ ‫اطلق‬ ‫و‬ ‫االمبراطورية‬ ‫على‬ ‫ملكا‬ ( ‫المقدسة‬ ‫الرومانية‬ ‫االمبراطوريه‬ ) - ‫ظهور‬ ‫الى‬ ‫ادى‬ ‫مما‬ ‫التطور‬ ‫و‬ ‫التقدم‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعمارى‬ ‫الفن‬ ‫اخذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫الفنون‬ ‫سقطة‬ ‫رفع‬ ‫على‬ ‫شارلمان‬ ‫عمل‬ ” ‫الطراز‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ” ‫عام‬ ‫من‬ ‫استمر‬ ‫و‬ 800 ‫عام‬ ‫الى‬ ‫م‬ 1150 ‫م‬ - ‫وتاثرت‬ ‫والشمالية‬ ‫الغربية‬ ‫اوربا‬ ‫ممالك‬ ‫من‬ ‫تطوره‬ ‫اخذ‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫السابقة‬ ‫الكالسكية‬ ‫الطرز‬ ‫باقى‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يختلف‬ ‫القديمة‬ ‫الرومانية‬ ‫المبانى‬ ‫و‬ ‫الجو‬ ‫وحالة‬ ‫البناء‬ ‫بمواد‬ - ‫التالية‬ ‫الممالك‬ ‫في‬ ‫وارتقاءه‬ ‫تطوره‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫من‬ ‫لنتمكن‬ : - ‫ايطاليا‬ - ‫الماني‬ - ‫فرنسا‬ - ‫انجلترا‬ ‫مقدمـــــــــــــة‬ Spring semester 2022/2023
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  • 12. ‫جرمانيا‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫الطراز‬ R O M A N E S Q U E ‫امثلة‬ ‫ايطليا‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرومانسكية‬ ‫للعمارة‬ - ‫اللومباردى‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫الطراز‬ Lombard Romanesque - ‫التوسكانى‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫الطراز‬ Tuscan Romanesque - ‫الطراز‬ ‫الرومانسكي‬ ‫الصقلى‬ Sicilian Romanesque ‫الرومانسكية‬ ‫للعمارة‬ ‫المعمارية‬ ‫الخواص‬ ‫الرومانسكية‬ ‫للعمارة‬ ‫المعمارية‬ ‫الخواص‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫ايطليا‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫المانيا‬
  • 13. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫هذا‬ ‫في‬ ‫المنتشرة‬ ‫البناء‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫العصر‬ ‫حذا‬ ‫البنائون‬ ‫البيزنطيون‬ ‫حذو‬ ‫الرومان‬ ‫طرق‬ ‫في‬ ‫اإلنشاء‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫واستخدام‬ ‫البناء‬ ‫استعملوا‬ ‫انهم‬ ‫اي‬ ، ‫الطوب‬ ‫والخرسانه‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫الحوائط‬ ‫واألقبيه‬ ‫في‬ ‫استعملوه‬ ‫فلقد‬ ‫الفخار‬ ‫وحتى‬ ‫وغيرها‬ ‫القباب‬ ‫لخفته‬ ‫وذلك‬ . ‫م‬ ‫لدرجه‬ ‫يستعمل‬ ‫فكان‬ ‫الطوب‬ ‫اما‬ ‫يكن‬ ‫لم‬ ‫إذ‬ ‫حدده‬ ‫في‬ ‫بها‬ ‫يستعمل‬ ‫كان‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الكثره‬ ‫بمثل‬ ‫استعماله‬ ‫إيطاليا‬ . ‫الخارجي‬ ‫الحوائط‬ ‫بناء‬ ‫في‬ ‫غالبا‬ ‫يستعمل‬ ‫الطوب‬ ‫وكان‬ ‫من‬ ‫ة‬ ‫مداميك‬ ‫على‬ ‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫كنظيره‬ ‫المستعمل‬ ‫الطوب‬ ‫وكان‬ ‫قليل‬ ‫اال‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫لها‬ ‫يكن‬ ‫لم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الحليات‬ ‫محل‬ ‫وليحل‬ ‫زخرفى‬ ‫لغرض‬ ‫رباط‬ ‫هيئة‬ ‫طوب‬ ‫تماما‬ ‫الروماني‬ " ‫رفيعة‬ ‫كبيره‬ ‫قطع‬ ‫من‬ ‫أى‬ " ‫متسعة‬ ‫ولحاماتها‬ ‫المونة‬ ‫باستعمال‬ ‫يبنى‬ ‫وكان‬ . Roman Arches , Vaults and Walls Spring semester 2022/2023
  • 14.
  • 15. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2022/2023
  • 16. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2019/2020
  • 17. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Prof.Dr/ Walid Omar EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG Spring semester 2022/2023 History of Architecture II ‫المعمارية‬ ‫الخصائص‬ ‫الرومانس‬ ‫للعمارة‬ ‫كية‬ Architecture Romanesque - ‫تاثر‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫بالمبانى‬ ‫الرومانية‬ ‫القديمة‬ ‫في‬ ‫ايطاليا‬ ‫و‬ ‫جنوب‬ ‫فرنسا‬ - ‫كان‬ ‫التاثير‬ ‫ضعيف‬ ‫فى‬ ‫شمال‬ ‫فرنسا‬ ‫و‬ ‫المانيا‬ ‫و‬ ‫انجلترا‬ ‫لعدم‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫المباني‬ ‫القديمة‬ - ‫كان‬ ‫للطراز‬ ‫البيزنطى‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫على‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫في‬ ‫غرب‬ ‫ايطاليا‬ ‫و‬ ‫في‬ ‫جنوب‬ ‫فرنس‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫قد‬ ‫اقتصر‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫على‬ ‫بناء‬ ‫الكنائس‬ ‫و‬ ‫تحسينها‬ ‫لتحاكي‬ ‫البازيليكا‬ ‫وتت‬ ‫وافق‬ ‫مع‬ ‫المناخ‬ ‫و‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫في‬ ‫مختلف‬ ‫الممالك‬ - ‫اظهر‬ ‫ما‬ ‫في‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫هو‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫االقبية‬ ‫لتسقيف‬ ‫الكنائس‬ ‫لتالفي‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫النيران‬ ‫التى‬ ‫قد‬ ‫اتت‬ ‫على‬ ‫كثير‬ ‫من‬ ‫الكنائس‬ ‫القديمة‬ ‫المسقوفة‬ ‫باالخشاب‬ - ‫و‬ ‫قد‬ ‫اتبعت‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫الطريقة‬ ‫الرومانية‬ ‫القديمة‬ ‫لالقبيةالمتقاطعة‬ ‫الواقعة‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫مساحة‬ ‫مربع‬ ‫ة‬ - ‫اول‬ ‫تطوير‬ ‫للطريقة‬ ‫الرومانية‬ ‫القديمة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫القبو‬ ‫المتقاطع‬ ‫بعقد‬ ‫يطلق‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫االض‬ ‫الع‬ RIBS ‫و‬ ‫تتكون‬ ‫من‬ ‫اضالع‬ ‫عرضية‬ Transverse rib ‫و‬ ‫اضالع‬ ‫متقاطعة‬ Diagonal rib . - ‫قد‬ ‫استخدم‬ ‫العقد‬ ‫النصف‬ ‫دائرى‬ ‫في‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫محاوالت‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫االقبية‬ ‫للتسقيف‬ ‫بالكنائ‬ ‫س‬
  • 18. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫المعمارية‬ ‫الخصائص‬ ‫الرومانس‬ ‫للعمارة‬ ‫كية‬ Romanesque Architecture - ‫في‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫االحيان‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫تبنى‬ ‫االضالع‬ ‫العرضية‬ ‫او‬ ‫المتقاطعة‬ ‫على‬ ‫شك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫دائرة‬ ‫مما‬ ‫ادى‬ ‫الى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫القبو‬ ‫المتقاطع‬ ‫على‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫قبة‬ - ‫يوضح‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫القبو‬ ‫الرباعي‬ ‫على‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫القبة‬ ‫الذى‬ ‫تتخذ‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫االضالع‬ ‫العرضية‬ ‫و‬ ‫االضالع‬ ‫المتقاطعة‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫دائريا‬ Spring semester 2022/2023
  • 19. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II - ‫استعمل‬ ‫االحيان‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫في‬ ‫على‬ ‫المتقاطعة‬ ‫القبو‬ ‫الش‬ ‫المستطيلة‬ ‫المسحات‬ ‫كل‬ ‫الص‬ ‫العقد‬ ‫ابتداء‬ ‫برفع‬ ‫غير‬ ‫على‬ ‫تيجانها‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫العقد‬ ‫مع‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫ارتفاع‬ ‫الكبير‬ ‫السهم‬ - ‫استخدمت‬ ‫لتسقيف‬ ‫المتقاطعة‬ ‫االقبيه‬ ‫مساحتين‬ ‫بجعل‬ ‫المستطيلة‬ ‫المساحات‬ ‫باضافة‬ ‫مربعا‬ ‫تكونان‬ ‫مستطيلتين‬ ‫ضلع‬ ‫المستطيلين‬ ‫بين‬ ‫متوسط‬ , ‫النو‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬ ‫السداسى‬ ‫القبو‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫يطلق‬ Sexpartite Vault Spring semester 2022/2023
  • 20. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II ‫في‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫ايطاليا‬ DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2022/2023
  • 21. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II ‫في‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫ايطاليا‬ DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II - ‫ينقسم‬ ‫فن‬ ‫العمارة‬ ‫الرومانسكية‬ ‫في‬ ‫ايطاليا‬ ‫الى‬ ‫عدة‬ ‫طرز‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫منها‬ ‫مميزات‬ ‫خاصة‬ - ‫و‬ ‫اهم‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫االقسام‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الثالثة‬ ‫االتية‬ : - ‫الطراز‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫اللومباردى‬ Lombard Romanesque - ‫الطراز‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫التوسكانى‬ Tuscan Romanesque - ‫الطراز‬ ‫الرومانسكو‬ ‫الصقلى‬ Sicilian Romanesque ‫اللومباردي‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫الطراز‬ - ‫تطور‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫في‬ ‫سهول‬ ” ‫لومبارديا‬ ” , ‫و‬ ‫قد‬ ‫وجدت‬ ‫نمازج‬ ‫له‬ ‫في‬ ‫ميالنو‬ ‫و‬ ‫بافيرونا‬ - ‫جو‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫الجهات‬ ‫بارد‬ ‫في‬ ‫الشتاء‬ ‫و‬ ‫حار‬ ‫نوعا‬ ‫صيفا‬ ‫لذلك‬ ‫كان‬ ‫من‬ ‫الالزم‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ترعى‬ ‫المبانى‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫التناقض‬ - ‫االرض‬ ‫سهلية‬ ‫طينية‬ ‫صالحة‬ ‫لصناعة‬ ‫الطوب‬ , ‫كما‬ ‫انه‬ ‫كا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫الحصول‬ ‫على‬ ‫الرخام‬ ‫من‬ ‫جبال‬ ‫االلب‬ ‫المجاورة‬ - ‫كان‬ ‫الطوب‬ ‫يستعمل‬ ‫في‬ ‫الحوائط‬ ‫مع‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫الرخام‬ ‫في‬ ‫االروقة‬ ‫الخارجية‬ ‫و‬ ‫االعمدة‬ ‫و‬ ‫حول‬ ‫فتحات‬ ‫االبواب‬ - ‫كان‬ ‫التسقيف‬ ‫باالقبية‬ ‫وكان‬ ‫القبو‬ ‫اقرب‬ ‫ما‬ ‫الى‬ ‫القب‬ ‫ة‬ ‫واستخدمت‬ ‫لتسقيف‬ ‫صحن‬ ‫الكنيسة‬ ‫والمماشى‬ ‫الجانبي‬ ‫ة‬ Spring semester 2022/2023
  • 22. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫بافبا‬ ‫فى‬ ‫ميشيل‬ ‫القديس‬ ‫كنيسة‬ S.Michele ‫اف‬ ‫مسقط‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫الكنيسة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫قى‬ ‫صليب‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫عل‬ ‫من‬ ‫مربعين‬ ‫قسمين‬ ‫وكل‬ ‫واحدا‬ ‫قسما‬ ‫يساوى‬ ‫المماشي‬ ‫الصحن‬ ‫من‬ ‫مربعا‬ ‫حيز‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫مثمن‬ ‫بقبه‬ ‫مغطى‬ A heavy octagonal lantern tower above the central crossing filters light into the transepts bellow Spring semester 2022/2023
  • 23. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫شكلت‬ ‫الدعامات‬ ‫الحاملة‬ ‫لالقبية‬ ‫لتوافق‬ ‫اشكال‬ ‫ال‬ ‫عقود‬ ‫والمماشي‬ ‫الجانبية‬ ‫مكونة‬ ‫م‬ ‫ن‬ ‫طابقين‬ ‫منصة‬ ‫الترتيل‬ ‫مرتفعه‬ ‫ف‬ ‫وق‬ ‫الضريح‬ ‫و‬ ‫محملة‬ ‫على‬ ‫اقب‬ ‫ية‬ ‫هناك‬ ‫حيز‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫تقاطع‬ ‫الصليب‬ ‫مثمن‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫قف‬ ‫بقبة‬ ‫طابقين‬ ‫من‬ ‫مماشي‬ ‫الضريح‬ Spring semester 2022/2023
  • 24. DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II
  • 25. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II - ‫مكو‬ ‫االحيان‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫في‬ ‫المماشى‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫نة‬ ‫الى‬ ‫تنقسم‬ ‫احيانا‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫و‬ ‫طابقين‬ ‫من‬ ‫صغيرة‬ ‫جانبية‬ ‫كنائس‬ Side Chapeis ‫ساند‬ ‫كحائط‬ ‫تعمل‬ ‫التقسيم‬ ‫حوائط‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫و‬ Buttresses ‫الصحن‬ ‫القبية‬ - ‫الممشى‬ ‫من‬ ‫قسمىن‬ ‫جعل‬ ‫اللومباردية‬ ‫االقبية‬ ‫مافي‬ ‫اظهر‬ ( ‫الجناح‬ ) ‫الصحن‬ ‫من‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫لقسم‬ ‫مساويين‬ Spring semester 2022/2023
  • 26. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II - ‫الب‬ ‫المسقط‬ ‫يحاكى‬ ‫للكنيسة‬ ‫االفقي‬ ‫المسقط‬ ‫كان‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫ازيلكي‬ ‫اال‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫مع‬ ‫ليتناسب‬ ‫تطويره‬ ‫مع‬ ‫العرضى‬ ‫البهو‬ ‫نشائية‬ ‫الحديثة‬ - ‫ب‬ ‫مسقوفة‬ ‫للكنيسة‬ ‫الشرقى‬ ‫الطرف‬ ‫فى‬ ‫القبلة‬ ‫قبة‬ ‫نصف‬ - ‫اقب‬ ‫و‬ ‫المنور‬ ‫قبة‬ ‫غطيت‬ ‫ية‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫و‬ ‫المماشي‬ ‫و‬ ‫الصحن‬ ‫بس‬ ‫الخارج‬ ‫من‬ ‫القبلة‬ ‫قبة‬ ‫قف‬ ‫بالقرم‬ ‫مغطى‬ ‫الميل‬ ‫قليل‬ ‫يد‬ - ‫الخش‬ ‫السقف‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫بى‬ ‫من‬ ‫صفوف‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫الى‬ ‫الصغيرة‬ ‫العقود‬ Eaves Arcades Spring semester 2022/2023
  • 27. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II - ‫العقود‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫يظهر‬ ‫الزخرفي‬ ‫للغرض‬ ‫الصغيرة‬ ‫الميل‬ ‫اعلى‬ ‫في‬ ‫وجودها‬ ‫من‬ ‫الواجهات‬ ‫من‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫المثلثى‬ Gable Slope - ‫عبار‬ ‫الغربية‬ ‫الواجهة‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫ة‬ ‫التغ‬ ‫وراءه‬ ‫يخفى‬ ‫ستار‬ ‫عن‬ ‫يير‬ ‫الصحن‬ ‫سقف‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫بين‬ ‫و‬ ‫المماشي‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫الجانبية‬ - ‫التي‬ ‫المتجاورة‬ ‫الصغيرة‬ ‫العقود‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫الطرا‬ ‫واجهات‬ ‫نهايات‬ ‫تشكيل‬ ‫في‬ ‫استخدمت‬ ‫ز‬ ‫االمر‬ ‫بادئ‬ ‫في‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫التى‬ ‫و‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫فى‬ ‫المساعدة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫و‬ ‫انشائى‬ ‫لغرض‬ ‫مستخدمة‬ ‫يغط‬ ‫الذى‬ ‫القرميد‬ ‫و‬ ‫الخشبية‬ ‫االسقف‬ ‫حمل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫المتقاطعة‬ ‫القبوات‬ Spring semester 2022/2023
  • 28. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II
  • 29. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫الزخارف‬ ‫و‬ ‫الحليات‬ - ‫قواعدها‬ ‫و‬ ‫االعمدة‬ ‫تيجان‬ ‫و‬ ‫النوافذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫االبواب‬ ‫في‬ ‫اال‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫بدرجة‬ ‫تستعمل‬ ‫الحليات‬ ‫تكن‬ ‫لم‬ - ‫طبيعية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫غريبة‬ ‫اشكال‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫حيوانات‬ ‫ظهور‬ ‫على‬ ‫غالبا‬ ‫ترتكز‬ ‫الخارجى‬ ‫الرواق‬ ‫االعمدة‬ ‫قواعد‬ ‫كانت‬ - ‫الطوب‬ ‫مداميك‬ ‫تبريز‬ ‫من‬ ‫تشكل‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫الكرانيش‬ ‫كانت‬ Brick Corbelling Courses - ‫عليها‬ ‫معقود‬ ‫المدخل‬ ‫تتقدم‬ ‫صغيرة‬ ‫مظلة‬ ‫دائرية‬ ‫نصف‬ ‫بعقود‬ - ‫ظهور‬ ‫على‬ ‫غالبا‬ ‫مرتكزة‬ ‫االعمدة‬ ‫من‬ ‫زوج‬ ‫الحيوانات‬ ‫اشكال‬ - ‫الشكل‬ ‫مستطيل‬ ‫المدخل‬ ‫باب‬ ‫الـمـــدخـــل‬
  • 30. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2022/2023 ‫الرئيسي‬ ‫المدخل‬
  • 31. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫واجهة‬ ‫الكنيسة‬ ‫الغربية‬ ‫بسيطة‬ ‫في‬ ‫مظهرها‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬ ‫حتوى‬ ‫على‬ ‫اربعة‬ ‫اشرطة‬ ‫رأسيه‬ ‫و‬ ‫تحتوي‬ ‫على‬ ‫صف‬ ‫من‬ ‫العقود‬ ‫الرفيعة‬ ‫الصغي‬ ‫رة‬ ‫على‬ ‫ميل‬ ‫الصقف‬ ‫المثلث‬ ‫وتحتوي‬ ‫علي‬ ‫ثالث‬ ‫مداخل‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫لها‬ ‫دهاليز‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫ية‬ ‫الزاوية‬ ‫في‬ ‫يقع‬ ‫و‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫مربع‬ ‫االجراس‬ ‫برج‬ ‫الجناح‬ ‫و‬ ‫القبلة‬ ‫بين‬ ‫المحصوره‬ Spring semester 2022/2023
  • 32. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫التوسكانى‬ ‫الرومانسكى‬ ‫الطراز‬ - ‫لقد‬ ‫اهتمو‬ ‫بالطرق‬ ‫الزخرافية‬ ‫فقط‬ ‫و‬ ‫اهملو‬ ‫المسائل‬ ‫االنشائية‬ - ‫الكنائس‬ ‫التوسكانية‬ ‫قد‬ ‫اتبعت‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫و‬ ‫التصميم‬ ‫الذى‬ ‫كان‬ ‫متب‬ ‫عا‬ ‫في‬ ‫كنائس‬ ‫فجر‬ ‫المسيحية‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫البازيليكي‬ - ‫كان‬ ‫الصحن‬ ‫يسقف‬ ‫بسقف‬ ‫خشبي‬ ‫مرتفعة‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫بطانة‬ ‫مسطحة‬ ‫و‬ ‫المماش‬ ‫ى‬ ‫تسقف‬ ‫باقبية‬ ‫مستمرة‬ - ‫يالحظ‬ ‫التاثير‬ ‫البيزنطى‬ ‫في‬ ‫كثرة‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫الرخام‬ ‫في‬ ‫الحوائط‬ - ‫كان‬ ‫االهتمام‬ ‫بالوجهه‬ ‫الغربيه‬ ‫مع‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫االهتمام‬ ‫بالواجهات‬ ‫الجانبية‬ - ‫دائما‬ ‫ما‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫مداخل‬ ‫الكنيسة‬ ‫من‬ ‫ثالث‬ ‫ابواب‬ ‫احدهم‬ ‫للصحن‬ ‫و‬ ‫االخريي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫للمماشي‬ ‫الجانبية‬ - ‫االسقف‬ ‫مائلة‬ ‫ميال‬ ‫طفيفا‬ ‫كما‬ ‫هو‬ ‫الحال‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الكنائس‬ ‫اللومباردية‬ ‫و‬ ‫تغط‬ ‫ي‬ ‫بطبقة‬ ‫من‬ ‫القرميد‬ - ‫تواجد‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫الطراز‬ ‫فى‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫وسط‬ ‫ايطاليا‬ ‫فى‬ ‫بيزا‬ ‫و‬ ‫فلورنسا‬ One of the first streams of Romanesque architecture in Europe from the 10th century and the beginning of 11th century is called First Romanesque or Lombard Romanesque. It took place in the region of Lombardy and spread into Catalonia and into the south of France. Its principal decoration for the exterior, bands of ornamental blind arches are called lombard bands. It was characterized by thick walls and lack of sculpture in facades, and with interiors profusely painted with frescoes. Spring semester 2022/2023
  • 33. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫بيزا‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ( ‫الكاتدرائية‬ – ‫التعميد‬ ‫كنيسة‬ – ‫االجراس‬ ‫برج‬ ) Spring semester 2022/2023
  • 34.
  • 35. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫بيزا‬ ‫كتدرائية‬ Spring semester 2019/2020
  • 36. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2022/2023
  • 37. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2019/2020
  • 38. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2022/2023
  • 39. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫المعمودية‬ • ‫االفق‬ ‫المسقط‬ ‫ى‬ • ‫الواجهة‬ Spring semester 2019/2020
  • 40. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2019/2020
  • 41. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II
  • 42. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II
  • 43. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Spring semester 2019/2020
  • 44. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II ‫البرج‬ • ‫الدور‬ ‫االفقى‬ ‫المسقط‬ ‫االرضى‬ ‫والسابع‬ ‫واالول‬ • ‫قطاع‬ Spring semester 2019/2020
  • 45. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Campanile of Duomo di Pisa, Italy (1173-1372) Spring semester 2019/2020
  • 46. Department of Architecture Spring semester 2014/2015 History of Architecture II Dr/ Walid Omar Norman Architecture in Sicily DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURAL ENG History of Architecture II Norman architecture in Sicily is often called Arab- Norman, or Sicilian Romanesque Spring semester 2022/2023