The document describes the Rolltop laptop concept designed by Evgeny Orkin. The Rolltop uses a flexible OLED display that can roll up into a compact cylinder for portability and unroll into different formats, including a 13-inch laptop, 17-inch tablet, or standalone display monitor. It aims to combine the functions of a laptop, tablet, and external monitor into a single portable device using advances in flexible display technology. The concept has received interest but would require further development to address technical challenges before being realized as a commercial product.
The document describes the Rolltop, a portable laptop concept with a flexible OLED display screen that can roll up. It has a 17-inch multi-touch screen that can function as a laptop with a slide-out keyboard or as a monitor. When rolled up, it is compact like a notebook. The Rolltop combines the functions of a laptop, monitor, and graphics tablet in one device and includes features like a detachable webcam and wireless mouse. It provides benefits like portability, energy efficiency, and a versatile all-in-one design.
The document describes a proposed "rolltop laptop" concept. The rolltop laptop would combine elements of a laptop, monitor, and graphic tablet into a single portable device. It would have a rollable screen that could be used either fully unrolled as a tablet or bent at a 90 degree angle for use as a laptop screen. This would provide the advantages of an all-in-one portable device that is flexible, energy efficient, and allows both touchscreen and keyboard input. The main goal of the rolltop laptop design was to avoid the need for additional accessories by integrating multiple functions into one gadget.
The document presents details about a new flexible laptop called Flexitop being developed by students. It discusses the physical features of Flexitop such as its flexible OLED screen, dimensions, and technical specifications. It then covers Flexitop's target market segmentation among youth, its positioning as an innovative and portable laptop, and pricing strategies starting at Rs. 1,14,999. Plans are outlined to launch Flexitop in major cities and establish service centers while promoting it through brochures, events, and digital ads.
The presentation provided an overview of Dell, the computer technology company. It discussed Dell's history and founder Michael Dell. It then covered Dell's segmentation, targeting, positioning, and differentiation strategies. Dell's target markets include relationship customers like large corporations and transactional customers seeking low prices. The presentation also analyzed Dell's competition and discussed its sustainable competitive advantages like direct customer model and brand recognition. Finally, it reviewed Dell's advertising, distribution, pricing and brand strategies.
Samsung is a South Korean electronics company headquartered in Seoul. It is a global leader in screen technology and produces TVs, batteries, home appliances, and chip designs. While Samsung traditionally followed a rigid corporate structure, it has recently announced plans to embrace a more startup-like culture to foster innovation. Its vision is to inspire the world through innovative technologies that improve people's lives. Samsung has set goals of $400 billion in annual sales and being the number one global company in its industries.
The document discusses the SWOT analysis of Nokia. It outlines Nokia's strengths as its strong brand name and accessibility of products at different price points. Weaknesses include poor after-sales service and late entry into the smartphone market. Opportunities lie in expanding product ranges and prices to capitalize on the growing mobile device market. Threats consist of strong competition from Samsung, Apple, and low-cost manufacturers putting pressure on Nokia's market share. The conclusion recommends focusing on developing competitive smartphones to regain lost market position.
The document describes the Rolltop, a portable laptop concept with a flexible OLED display screen that can roll up. It has a 17-inch multi-touch screen that can function as a laptop with a slide-out keyboard or as a monitor. When rolled up, it is compact like a notebook. The Rolltop combines the functions of a laptop, monitor, and graphics tablet in one device and includes features like a detachable webcam and wireless mouse. It provides benefits like portability, energy efficiency, and a versatile all-in-one design.
The document describes a proposed "rolltop laptop" concept. The rolltop laptop would combine elements of a laptop, monitor, and graphic tablet into a single portable device. It would have a rollable screen that could be used either fully unrolled as a tablet or bent at a 90 degree angle for use as a laptop screen. This would provide the advantages of an all-in-one portable device that is flexible, energy efficient, and allows both touchscreen and keyboard input. The main goal of the rolltop laptop design was to avoid the need for additional accessories by integrating multiple functions into one gadget.
The document presents details about a new flexible laptop called Flexitop being developed by students. It discusses the physical features of Flexitop such as its flexible OLED screen, dimensions, and technical specifications. It then covers Flexitop's target market segmentation among youth, its positioning as an innovative and portable laptop, and pricing strategies starting at Rs. 1,14,999. Plans are outlined to launch Flexitop in major cities and establish service centers while promoting it through brochures, events, and digital ads.
The presentation provided an overview of Dell, the computer technology company. It discussed Dell's history and founder Michael Dell. It then covered Dell's segmentation, targeting, positioning, and differentiation strategies. Dell's target markets include relationship customers like large corporations and transactional customers seeking low prices. The presentation also analyzed Dell's competition and discussed its sustainable competitive advantages like direct customer model and brand recognition. Finally, it reviewed Dell's advertising, distribution, pricing and brand strategies.
Samsung is a South Korean electronics company headquartered in Seoul. It is a global leader in screen technology and produces TVs, batteries, home appliances, and chip designs. While Samsung traditionally followed a rigid corporate structure, it has recently announced plans to embrace a more startup-like culture to foster innovation. Its vision is to inspire the world through innovative technologies that improve people's lives. Samsung has set goals of $400 billion in annual sales and being the number one global company in its industries.
The document discusses the SWOT analysis of Nokia. It outlines Nokia's strengths as its strong brand name and accessibility of products at different price points. Weaknesses include poor after-sales service and late entry into the smartphone market. Opportunities lie in expanding product ranges and prices to capitalize on the growing mobile device market. Threats consist of strong competition from Samsung, Apple, and low-cost manufacturers putting pressure on Nokia's market share. The conclusion recommends focusing on developing competitive smartphones to regain lost market position.
Have you used a Sony VAIO laptop before? Here you can have a look back at the golden age of Sony VAIO PCs, and learn why an used-to-be innovative PC company failed to meet the market changes and exited the market.
Research Methodology of Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd (Analysis of Questionnaire)Nikita Jangid
This document provides information about Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., including its business, products, mission, vision, history and SWOT analysis. Some key points:
- Samsung Electronics is a South Korean multinational electronics company and the flagship subsidiary of Samsung Group. It is one of the largest technology companies in the world.
- Samsung's main business areas and products include mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, TVs, home appliances, semiconductors, memory chips and displays.
- The company aims to lead the digital convergence movement through technology innovation, as stated in its vision and mission. Its vision for 2020 is to inspire the world and create the future through new technology, innovative products and creative solutions.
This presentation discusses consumer behavior and Apple Inc. It covers Apple's introduction, the factors that influence consumer behavior, including psychological, personal, social, and cultural factors. It also discusses brand loyalty and how Apple achieves it. Apple is successful because it focuses on creating great products instead of doing market research. It also researches its own customers to understand what draws them to products. This understanding allows Apple to captivate consumers and deepen their brand experience. In conclusion, many interrelated factors influence consumer behavior, so understanding behavior is essential for marketing success.
In this presentation we have discussed about the
Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats (SWOT).
We have also discussed about the major cause of downfall of Nokia.
This document provides information about Dell and HP by comparing their histories, products, pricing, placement, and promotion strategies. Both companies were founded in the 1980s and have since grown to become leading computer manufacturers. Dell emphasizes direct sales and customization while HP focuses on a variety of business and consumer products. Their prices vary based on features and both target large companies. Dell promotes through advertising while HP uses trade-in programs and financing offers. Surveys showed brand preference and ratings were mixed for design, performance and price.
Dell Inc. develops, sells and supports computers and related products and services. It was founded in 1984 in Austin, Texas by Michael Dell and currently has over 96,000 employees and annual revenue of $52.9 billion. Dell started as PC's Limited and produced its first computer, the Turbo PC, in 1985. It expanded globally and was included in the Fortune 500 list in 1992, making Michael Dell the youngest CEO of a Fortune 500 company. Dell sells computers via its website and expanded its product line to include other electronics. It uses various marketing strategies like lowering prices and accepting online purchases. Dell produces business and consumer computers and peripherals like printers and televisions. Major competitors include HP, Lenovo, IBM,
This document outlines Samsung's strategy and vision for 2020. It discusses Samsung's goal to inspire the world and create the future through new technology, innovative products, and creative solutions. Samsung's strategic pillars are creativity, partnership, and talent. The document also provides a SWOT analysis, noting Samsung's strengths in economies of scale, innovation, and market leadership in mobile phones, but also weaknesses in reliance on third-party software and threats from price wars and market saturation.
Dell's document discusses the company's history, mission, vision, objectives, goals, annual reports, clients, new technologies and growth. Some key points:
- Dell was founded in 1984 and is now a global technology company providing hardware, software and services.
- Their mission is to deliver optimal technology solutions and best customer experience. Their vision includes providing accessible computers globally.
- Annual reports show continued revenue growth, especially in client solutions. Non-GAAP revenue for fiscal 2017 was $62.8 billion.
- New technologies of focus include all-flash storage arrays, rack-scale infrastructure, virtual reality, and using VMware tools to achieve distributed computing goals.
- The company
Samsung was founded in 1938 and initially operated as a trading company. It has since diversified and is now a multinational conglomerate with interests in electronics, engineering, shipbuilding, and more. Samsung Electronics is the flagship subsidiary and is the world's largest information technology company, focusing on areas like digital media, semiconductors, telecommunications, and LCD appliances. The company is known for innovating new product categories like phablets and smartwatches, and for its marketing strategies that emphasize accessibility and enhancing people's lives through technology.
Samsung is a South Korean multinational electronics company founded in 1938. It initially manufactured electronic appliances but later expanded into smartphones. Samsung launched its first Android-based smartphone, the Galaxy Nexus, to compete in the growing smartphone market. In India, Samsung focuses on diversifying its product range, continuous innovation, and understanding consumer needs. It appoints Aamir Khan as its brand ambassador and aims to launch 3-4 new phones monthly to strengthen its portfolio. Samsung has a large distribution and retail network in India. Its strengths include its brand reputation and product variety, though it faces threats from competitors and potential oversupply.
This document provides an overview of the consumer durables industry in India. It discusses the key segments of the industry including consumer electronics and consumer appliances. It also outlines the size and growth trends of the industry, highlighting that color televisions, refrigerators, and air conditioners make up over 60% of unit sales. The document notes several drivers of industry growth like rising disposable incomes, increased housing demand, and retail expansion. It also provides background on Samsung Electronics and its operations and brand strategy in India.
RIM faces threats to its global smartphone market share from increasing competition. To retain and grow market share, RIM must adapt its product strategies to attract new consumer segments while strengthening enterprise markets. The team analyzed RIM's SWOT and considered three alternatives: 1) developing a new BlackBerry Sky product, 2) increasing brand awareness through specialty stores, and 3) partnering with global carriers. The team recommends introducing the BlackBerry Sky, a multimedia device targeting changing consumer expectations globally. RIM should market the Sky through carriers, retailers, and a promotional website to grow market share in North America and globally.
This document discusses Samsung's rise from a manufacturer of low-end products to the 9th best global brand. It focuses on Samsung's product and marketing strategies, including technological leadership through R&D investment, customer-focused design, and introducing innovative first-to-market products. Samsung's marketing strategy involved creating a master brand strategy along with hero sub-brands, consolidating advertising agencies, targeting premium brand imagery towards high-income consumers, strategic sponsorships, and advanced digital marketing. These strategies helped shift Samsung's brand image from a value brand to a premium one.
1) Samsung is the second largest mobile device company seeking to improve its market strategy and increase brand awareness globally.
2) The marketing plan identifies opportunities to expand into new markets like India and Mexico, integrate its own software to speed product releases, and form partnerships to increase innovation.
3) Key strategies include improving US/European marketing, developing an independent software division, and expanding into new countries to grow Samsung's customer base and loyalty.
Smartphones have become increasingly important in our daily lives for work, education, productivity, and social engagement. Recent analyses show that the number of people accessing the web through smartphones surpassed desktop computers by 2014. Worldwide smartphone sales increased from 179 million in 2009 to 579 million in the same time period. Smartphones positively impact work through applications that allow banking, managing finances, and remote conferencing. They also help educate children, as even young kids are able to learn quickly using smartphones. Over 50% of smartphone users' time is spent on their devices to stay connected through social media and access news and information anytime. Smartphones are integrated into nearly every aspect of modern life and will continue becoming more essential over time.
Samsung is a South Korean multinational electronics company founded in 1938. It has annual revenue over $305 billion and employs 489,000 people globally. Samsung operates in 80 countries through 15 regional headquarters and has diverse business areas including consumer electronics, IT, mobile communications, and semiconductor manufacturing. It has a strong focus on innovation through its $9 billion annual R&D budget and 34 R&D centers worldwide. Samsung holds the top market share position for LCD screens and mobile phones. It faces challenges from short product lifecycles and aggressive Chinese competitors, but maintains its leading position through localized marketing, premium pricing, and vertical integration across manufacturing and supply chain.
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple Computers Inc. on April 1, 1976 to sell the Apple 1 personal computer kit. The name "Apple" was chosen by Jobs, and the first logo depicted Sir Isaac Newton under an apple tree. In 1977, Rob Janoff designed the iconic rainbow-colored Apple logo. The logo was simplified in 1997 to a solid color. Apple is committed to bringing innovative hardware, software, and internet offerings to students and consumers worldwide.
Samsung is a South Korean electronics company and one of the largest manufacturers of smartphones, mobile phones and tablets. It also produces televisions, home appliances, semiconductors and other electronic components. Samsung employs a variety of marketing strategies including competitive pricing, wide distribution through retailers and Samsung stores, and promotions through celebrity brand ambassadors, social media campaigns and sponsoring of major sporting events. The company targets both urban and rural consumers across demographics and lifestyles with its broad product portfolio.
The document describes a concept called the Rolltop laptop. The Rolltop was developed by Orkin Design and combines the features of a laptop, monitor, and graphics tablet into a single device. It has a flexible OLED display that rolls up around a central tower. When unrolled, the 13-inch display can be used as a laptop screen. Alternatively, the screen can be detached and used as a 17-inch monitor or graphics tablet. The Rolltop aims to provide the functionality of multiple devices in a compact, all-in-one form factor.
The Rolltop laptop concept designed by Evgeny Orkin combines a laptop, monitor, and graphics tablet into a single device with a flexible OLED display. The display can unroll from a compact rolled-up size into a 13-inch laptop screen or a 17-inch monitor. It aims to provide an all-in-one portable device without the need for additional accessories by integrating components like speakers, ports, and a power supply into the core of the device. Orkin believes flexible OLED technology makes this concept feasible and hopes it will appeal to students, travelers, and home users if produced by a major manufacturer.
Have you used a Sony VAIO laptop before? Here you can have a look back at the golden age of Sony VAIO PCs, and learn why an used-to-be innovative PC company failed to meet the market changes and exited the market.
Research Methodology of Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd (Analysis of Questionnaire)Nikita Jangid
This document provides information about Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., including its business, products, mission, vision, history and SWOT analysis. Some key points:
- Samsung Electronics is a South Korean multinational electronics company and the flagship subsidiary of Samsung Group. It is one of the largest technology companies in the world.
- Samsung's main business areas and products include mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, TVs, home appliances, semiconductors, memory chips and displays.
- The company aims to lead the digital convergence movement through technology innovation, as stated in its vision and mission. Its vision for 2020 is to inspire the world and create the future through new technology, innovative products and creative solutions.
This presentation discusses consumer behavior and Apple Inc. It covers Apple's introduction, the factors that influence consumer behavior, including psychological, personal, social, and cultural factors. It also discusses brand loyalty and how Apple achieves it. Apple is successful because it focuses on creating great products instead of doing market research. It also researches its own customers to understand what draws them to products. This understanding allows Apple to captivate consumers and deepen their brand experience. In conclusion, many interrelated factors influence consumer behavior, so understanding behavior is essential for marketing success.
In this presentation we have discussed about the
Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threats (SWOT).
We have also discussed about the major cause of downfall of Nokia.
This document provides information about Dell and HP by comparing their histories, products, pricing, placement, and promotion strategies. Both companies were founded in the 1980s and have since grown to become leading computer manufacturers. Dell emphasizes direct sales and customization while HP focuses on a variety of business and consumer products. Their prices vary based on features and both target large companies. Dell promotes through advertising while HP uses trade-in programs and financing offers. Surveys showed brand preference and ratings were mixed for design, performance and price.
Dell Inc. develops, sells and supports computers and related products and services. It was founded in 1984 in Austin, Texas by Michael Dell and currently has over 96,000 employees and annual revenue of $52.9 billion. Dell started as PC's Limited and produced its first computer, the Turbo PC, in 1985. It expanded globally and was included in the Fortune 500 list in 1992, making Michael Dell the youngest CEO of a Fortune 500 company. Dell sells computers via its website and expanded its product line to include other electronics. It uses various marketing strategies like lowering prices and accepting online purchases. Dell produces business and consumer computers and peripherals like printers and televisions. Major competitors include HP, Lenovo, IBM,
This document outlines Samsung's strategy and vision for 2020. It discusses Samsung's goal to inspire the world and create the future through new technology, innovative products, and creative solutions. Samsung's strategic pillars are creativity, partnership, and talent. The document also provides a SWOT analysis, noting Samsung's strengths in economies of scale, innovation, and market leadership in mobile phones, but also weaknesses in reliance on third-party software and threats from price wars and market saturation.
Dell's document discusses the company's history, mission, vision, objectives, goals, annual reports, clients, new technologies and growth. Some key points:
- Dell was founded in 1984 and is now a global technology company providing hardware, software and services.
- Their mission is to deliver optimal technology solutions and best customer experience. Their vision includes providing accessible computers globally.
- Annual reports show continued revenue growth, especially in client solutions. Non-GAAP revenue for fiscal 2017 was $62.8 billion.
- New technologies of focus include all-flash storage arrays, rack-scale infrastructure, virtual reality, and using VMware tools to achieve distributed computing goals.
- The company
Samsung was founded in 1938 and initially operated as a trading company. It has since diversified and is now a multinational conglomerate with interests in electronics, engineering, shipbuilding, and more. Samsung Electronics is the flagship subsidiary and is the world's largest information technology company, focusing on areas like digital media, semiconductors, telecommunications, and LCD appliances. The company is known for innovating new product categories like phablets and smartwatches, and for its marketing strategies that emphasize accessibility and enhancing people's lives through technology.
Samsung is a South Korean multinational electronics company founded in 1938. It initially manufactured electronic appliances but later expanded into smartphones. Samsung launched its first Android-based smartphone, the Galaxy Nexus, to compete in the growing smartphone market. In India, Samsung focuses on diversifying its product range, continuous innovation, and understanding consumer needs. It appoints Aamir Khan as its brand ambassador and aims to launch 3-4 new phones monthly to strengthen its portfolio. Samsung has a large distribution and retail network in India. Its strengths include its brand reputation and product variety, though it faces threats from competitors and potential oversupply.
This document provides an overview of the consumer durables industry in India. It discusses the key segments of the industry including consumer electronics and consumer appliances. It also outlines the size and growth trends of the industry, highlighting that color televisions, refrigerators, and air conditioners make up over 60% of unit sales. The document notes several drivers of industry growth like rising disposable incomes, increased housing demand, and retail expansion. It also provides background on Samsung Electronics and its operations and brand strategy in India.
RIM faces threats to its global smartphone market share from increasing competition. To retain and grow market share, RIM must adapt its product strategies to attract new consumer segments while strengthening enterprise markets. The team analyzed RIM's SWOT and considered three alternatives: 1) developing a new BlackBerry Sky product, 2) increasing brand awareness through specialty stores, and 3) partnering with global carriers. The team recommends introducing the BlackBerry Sky, a multimedia device targeting changing consumer expectations globally. RIM should market the Sky through carriers, retailers, and a promotional website to grow market share in North America and globally.
This document discusses Samsung's rise from a manufacturer of low-end products to the 9th best global brand. It focuses on Samsung's product and marketing strategies, including technological leadership through R&D investment, customer-focused design, and introducing innovative first-to-market products. Samsung's marketing strategy involved creating a master brand strategy along with hero sub-brands, consolidating advertising agencies, targeting premium brand imagery towards high-income consumers, strategic sponsorships, and advanced digital marketing. These strategies helped shift Samsung's brand image from a value brand to a premium one.
1) Samsung is the second largest mobile device company seeking to improve its market strategy and increase brand awareness globally.
2) The marketing plan identifies opportunities to expand into new markets like India and Mexico, integrate its own software to speed product releases, and form partnerships to increase innovation.
3) Key strategies include improving US/European marketing, developing an independent software division, and expanding into new countries to grow Samsung's customer base and loyalty.
Smartphones have become increasingly important in our daily lives for work, education, productivity, and social engagement. Recent analyses show that the number of people accessing the web through smartphones surpassed desktop computers by 2014. Worldwide smartphone sales increased from 179 million in 2009 to 579 million in the same time period. Smartphones positively impact work through applications that allow banking, managing finances, and remote conferencing. They also help educate children, as even young kids are able to learn quickly using smartphones. Over 50% of smartphone users' time is spent on their devices to stay connected through social media and access news and information anytime. Smartphones are integrated into nearly every aspect of modern life and will continue becoming more essential over time.
Samsung is a South Korean multinational electronics company founded in 1938. It has annual revenue over $305 billion and employs 489,000 people globally. Samsung operates in 80 countries through 15 regional headquarters and has diverse business areas including consumer electronics, IT, mobile communications, and semiconductor manufacturing. It has a strong focus on innovation through its $9 billion annual R&D budget and 34 R&D centers worldwide. Samsung holds the top market share position for LCD screens and mobile phones. It faces challenges from short product lifecycles and aggressive Chinese competitors, but maintains its leading position through localized marketing, premium pricing, and vertical integration across manufacturing and supply chain.
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple Computers Inc. on April 1, 1976 to sell the Apple 1 personal computer kit. The name "Apple" was chosen by Jobs, and the first logo depicted Sir Isaac Newton under an apple tree. In 1977, Rob Janoff designed the iconic rainbow-colored Apple logo. The logo was simplified in 1997 to a solid color. Apple is committed to bringing innovative hardware, software, and internet offerings to students and consumers worldwide.
Samsung is a South Korean electronics company and one of the largest manufacturers of smartphones, mobile phones and tablets. It also produces televisions, home appliances, semiconductors and other electronic components. Samsung employs a variety of marketing strategies including competitive pricing, wide distribution through retailers and Samsung stores, and promotions through celebrity brand ambassadors, social media campaigns and sponsoring of major sporting events. The company targets both urban and rural consumers across demographics and lifestyles with its broad product portfolio.
The document describes a concept called the Rolltop laptop. The Rolltop was developed by Orkin Design and combines the features of a laptop, monitor, and graphics tablet into a single device. It has a flexible OLED display that rolls up around a central tower. When unrolled, the 13-inch display can be used as a laptop screen. Alternatively, the screen can be detached and used as a 17-inch monitor or graphics tablet. The Rolltop aims to provide the functionality of multiple devices in a compact, all-in-one form factor.
The Rolltop laptop concept designed by Evgeny Orkin combines a laptop, monitor, and graphics tablet into a single device with a flexible OLED display. The display can unroll from a compact rolled-up size into a 13-inch laptop screen or a 17-inch monitor. It aims to provide an all-in-one portable device without the need for additional accessories by integrating components like speakers, ports, and a power supply into the core of the device. Orkin believes flexible OLED technology makes this concept feasible and hopes it will appeal to students, travelers, and home users if produced by a major manufacturer.
Rolltop is a portable computer concept proposed by Mohanad al-Safadi that consists of a monitor and keyboard that roll together into a compact form. Key components include the monitor and keyboard, power supply, pen screen, and control buttons. It is designed to be very light to carry and easier to use than a laptop while maintaining similar functionality.
The document discusses the evolution of technology from simple tools to modern gadgets. It describes how early humans used tools and mastered fire, and how later inventions like the printing press facilitated the spread of ideas. By the mid-20th century, humans had achieved mastery of technology allowing them to explore space. Modern gadgets like the world's smallest CPU are highly portable and user-friendly due to technologies like OLED displays, which are flexible, unbreakable and transparent semiconductors that emit light. The Rolltop concept combines the functionality of a laptop and graphics tablet in a lightweight portable device.
This marketing plan introduces a new rolltop laptop technology. The plan outlines the company's vision to be a leader in the laptop market through continuous innovation. It presents a SWOT analysis of strengths in the new technology and opportunities in power saving features, while acknowledging weaknesses in costs and threats from competitors. Marketing objectives include opening an R&D institute, increasing features to meet customer needs, and boosting production and sales. The 4P marketing strategies will utilize product variety, reasonable pricing, multimedia promotions, and direct sales channels. Implementation will involve websites, mailings, conferences, and offers to drive sales and market share. Progress will be evaluated through customer feedback and budget/spending reviews.
The Rolltop is a new mini-notebook with a 13-inch screen that transforms into a graphics tablet with a 17-inch screen, making it easy to carry around. It contains all computer programs and utilities like a responsive pen, power supply, and carrying belt integrated into one portable, all-in-one tool for learning. While small and lightweight with a pen, handle, and ability to roll like an iPad, some drawbacks are its small size, potential for breaking from rolling, slow internet, and many accompanying wires.
The Rolltop is a new mini-notebook with a 13-inch screen that transforms into a graphics tablet with a 17-inch screen, making it easy to carry around. It contains all computer programs and utilities like a responsive pen, power supply, and carrying belt integrated into one portable, all-in-one tool for learning. While small and lightweight with a pen, handle, and ability to roll like an iPad, some drawbacks are its small size, potential for breaking from rolling, slow internet, and many accompanying wires.
This document is a bona fide certificate for a seminar report on the "RollTop Laptop" presented by Mr. Mohamed Saleel. It certifies that the work reported was carried out under supervision and does not duplicate any other work. The abstract summarizes the RollTop Laptop concept as a flexible display notebook that unfurls into a portable computer, incorporating latest technology and ergonomic design into an all-in-one gadget without the need for a laptop bag. The document also includes an acknowledgements section and table of contents.
PDA stands for Personal Digital Assistant. It is a mobile device that functions as a personal information manager, also known as a palmtop computer. The term PDA was first used in 1992 by Apple CEO John Sculley to refer to the Apple Newton. Nokia introduced the first mobile phone with PDA functionality in 1996. Today, most PDAs are smartphones. PDAs allow users to access the internet, store contacts and calendars, and synchronize data with computers. They connect via touch screens, memory cards, USB cables, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi.
This document discusses personal digital assistants (PDAs). It begins by defining a PDA as a portable, pocket-sized organizer and computer. It then discusses some of the early PDA manufacturers like Apple and how their features have developed over time from early touchscreen and memory card models to today's wireless connected smart devices. The document also outlines some common PDA applications like calendars, notepads, address books and games as well as their use by medical, scientific and other mobile professionals. It concludes with some limitations of early PDAs related to size and data input/output speeds.
This document provides information about laptop computers. It discusses the components and history of laptops. Some key points:
- Laptops have similar components to desktops but are miniaturized into a portable form factor with a screen, keyboard, trackpad, and battery power.
- Early portable computers were large and heavy. Alan Kay first envisioned portable personal computers in 1968. The IBM 5100 in 1975 was one of the first commercially available portable computers.
- Modern laptops come in different sizes from large full-size laptops to smaller netbooks and tablets. They can also have different features like touchscreens or ruggedized designs.
- Components are smaller versions of desktop parts like CPUs,
This document discusses toasted skin syndrome, which is a skin condition caused by prolonged exposure to heat from laptop computers. Key points:
- Toasted skin syndrome, also known as erythema ab igne, results in a mottled discoloration of the skin from laptops generating temperatures of 43-50 degrees Celsius when resting on the thighs.
- Prolonged heat exposure can damage blood vessels and lead to hemosiderin deposition, presenting as a reticulated erythema and hyperpigmentation.
- Symptoms include redness, discoloration, itching, and burning. Repeated exposure risks skin cancer or tissue degeneration.
- Treatment involves removing the heat source
Customer satisfaction towards various services of thomas cook hublishabaz khan
This document provides details about a study conducted on customer satisfaction towards various services provided by Thomas Cook in Hubli, Dharwad, Belgaum, and Davangere. It includes an introduction describing the background and purpose of the study, as well as the research objectives. The document also contains sections on literature review, research methodology, data analysis, findings, suggestions, and conclusion. It was submitted to Karnataka University Dharwad in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree.
John Solomon is seeking a challenging position that encourages creativity and professional growth. He has 6 months of experience as a Graduate Apprentice Trainee at Bharat Electronics Ltd in Chennai. He earned a B.E. in electrical and electronics engineering from P.S.N.A College with 82% marks. His computer skills include C, C++, Windows, DOS and simulation tools. He is interested in microprocessors and digital electronics. He has achieved departmental ranks and placed second in a zonal chess competition. He has participated in industrial visits and in-plant training. He has also presented papers and projects at technical symposiums.
Laptops are portable computers that contain most of the same components as desktop computers, including a display, keyboard, pointing device, and speakers in a single compact unit. Common laptop features include an integrated display screen, keyboard, AC power source or rechargeable battery, and ports/slots. Laptop processors are designed to use less power and create less heat than desktop processors to allow for longer battery life. Displays are typically built-in LCD, LED, OLED or plasma screens ranging from 7 to 20 inches.
A Geneva Mechanism is a commonly used mechanism for producing an intermittent rotary motion from a uniform input speed. The driven member, or star wheel, contains evenly spaced slots into which the roller of the driving crank slides into. The number of slots determines the ratio between the dwell (stationary) and motion periods of the driven shaft. The mechanism requires a minimum of three slots to function and additional slots can be added.
This document discusses the importance of gaming to the computer industry. It notes that 60% of US residents play computer games and over 221 million computer and video games were sold in the US in 2002. The gaming industry reported $6.5 billion in sales that year. Online gaming revenues were estimated to reach $2.9 billion by 2005. The global gaming industry generates over $20 billion in revenue annually, forming a major part of the entertainment industry. Games are popular because they mimic real-life challenges and games that people play every day. Advances in technology have made modern games much more complex and engaging than older games.
This document provides an overview of the student's 4-month internship at the Kwara State Town Planning and Development Authority in Ilorin, Nigeria. It introduces the student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) and its objectives to bridge classroom and workplace skills. It then gives a profile of the Kwara State Town Planning and Development Authority, its establishment, objectives, and departments including development control, schemes, research, and personnel. The report outlines the student's training program which involved learning about the roles of quantity surveyors, different foundation types, and market surveys. It also describes the student conducting site measurements, taking off quantities from building plans, and analyzing projects.
How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Google GlassWolf Loescher
The document is a presentation about Google Glass. It provides an overview of Google Glass, including what it is, its technical specifications, how to use basic commands, how to develop apps for it, and privacy concerns. The presenter discusses his experience wearing Google Glass all day and developing apps for the platform.
Google Glass is an augmented reality eyewear project developed by Google that features an optical head-mounted display. The device was announced in 2012 and prototypes resemble regular eyeglasses with a head-up display replacing one lens. Google Glass operates using voice commands and responds via a bone conduction transducer, displaying information in a smartphone-like format hands-free. Concerns have been raised about the safety of operating vehicles or machinery while wearing Google Glass due to potential for distraction from the head-mounted display.
The Roll-top concept combines a laptop, monitor, and graphic tablet into one device without needing additional accessories. It has a 17-inch flexible OLED touchscreen that can be rolled up into the base, transforming between a 13-inch laptop and 17-inch monitor. This all-in-one design integrates the power supply, speakers, and other components without extra items to carry. The Roll-top aims to provide the functions of multiple devices in a single compact, portable product utilizing new flexible display technologies.
The document discusses the Roll top laptop, which has a flexible screen that can roll up on a cylindrical core. It aims to combine a laptop, monitor, and graphic tablet into a single portable device without additional accessories. Some advantages are that it is all-in-one, energy efficient, and flexible. However, it may lack a CD/DVD drive or floppy disk drive since those are becoming obsolete, have slow internet speeds, and could break during the rolling process. The overall goal was to lead to an extreme in portable computing and reunite dreams of notebooks and tablets into a single device.
The document describes the Rolltop laptop concept, which uses a flexible OLED display screen that can be rolled up around a central column. The screen detaches from the column and can be used as a 17-inch tablet, notebook computer by raising one end of the screen, or desktop monitor. The central column contains components like speakers, ports and batteries. It allows the laptop to be portable by rolling up the screen around the column and carrying it like a purse. The Rolltop offers benefits like flexibility in usage modes, efficient cooling and portability over traditional laptops.
The document discusses the Intel Compute Stick, which is a small portable computing device that plugs into an HDMI port on a display. It contains a quad-core Intel Atom processor, 2GB of RAM, internal storage of 32GB, microSD card slot, WiFi, Bluetooth, USB port, and runs Windows 8.1 or Linux. The Compute Stick turns any display with HDMI into a fully-functional portable computer and provides the power of a PC in a small form factor.
Some say the PC is dying and the laptop is a thing of the past, as smartphones and tablets rapidly become our digital windows to the world.
Meanwhile, others are busy designing the laptop of the future, leveraging the latest advances flexible displays and industrial design.
Here’s a look at five concepts that offer a glimpse of what could be tomorrow’s laptop.
new technology NEXTEP by sony and design by Hiromi Kiriki.
almost all the information closed in it. its new and logically technology, which makes our life easier and also faster.
For further information contact me on: zoya.mehdi5@gmail.com
This document provides summaries of 20 different gadgets and technologies: Google Glass, Windows Future Phone, Logitech Wireless Solar Keyboard K750, Hitachi G-Drive Slim hard drive, Crux360 iPad case, Livescribe Echo Smartpen, Iluv iMM747 Audio Cube, LaCie's Hub4 USB 3.0 hub, iFusion iPhone docking station, NEC P420X projector, myDitto NAS key, WOWee One Slim portable speaker, Ubuntu Phone, Pocket Edge Dual Book e-reader/tablet, PadDock 10 iPad speaker dock, Face Vision E1 Touch Cam, HP eStation printer, Apple Magic Mouse, Aegis Padlo
The document summarizes arguments for why laptops are declining and will eventually be replaced by smartphones:
1) Trends like the U.S. laptop ban on flights and young people preferring smartphones are pushing users away from laptops. Docking stations and clamshell smartphones will provide laptop-like functionality through smartphones.
2) Major companies like Samsung, Apple, and others are enabling smartphones to replace desktops and laptops through docking solutions and dual-boot phones with keyboards.
3) Additional trends of ARM chips replacing Intel, exciting new smartphones, and high smartphone prices make alternatives like docking more attractive than laptops. Laptops are seen as too expensive and boring compared to cutting-
Why buy a tablet AND a PC, when you can buy one device that does it all? As a long time Windows Tablet user, I've finally found nirvana with a new class of device that works as both a tablet AND a PC. This document explains why I prefer this approach over two separate devices.
The document describes a pen-style personal computing device called P-ISM that allows users to project a keyboard, monitor, and perform computing tasks on any flat surface. P-ISM consists of 5 pen components - a CPU pen, communication pen, projector, virtual keyboard, and camera. It connects to the internet via the communication pen's cellular functionality and projects a 1024x768 resolution display. While portable and allowing ubiquitous computing, P-ISM currently has high costs, battery life and positioning issues, and an unproven keyboard concept. However, it demonstrates the trend of increasingly compact information devices controlled by the hand.
Laptops have evolved significantly since their invention in the 1970s. Early laptops had limited memory, processing power, and small LCD screens. Over time, laptops grew more powerful with improvements like increased RAM and storage, color screens, and longer battery life. Modern laptops resemble desktop computers in capabilities but remain portable and convenient for mobile use. While laptops are more expensive than desktops for equivalent performance, their portability and integrated design make them very useful for work, school, travel, and home computing.
This document presents concepts for flexible and portable computing devices of the future, including:
1) A mobile phone with a 3D holographic display screen that can project objects in the air.
2) A rollable laptop that can fold up like a roll of paper for easy carrying and storage.
3) A wearable "finger-touching" phone concept that is controlled by touching your own fingers.
4) A flexible bracelet-style computer called SONY NEXTEP with a holographic projector and pull-out keyboard.
5) The Integral Cord, a flexible optic cord that can create multiple touchscreen displays of varying sizes by manipulating the cord
The document discusses various aspects of mobile devices including what they are, types of mobile devices, mobile operating systems, form factors over time, trends in accessories, security issues, and effects of mobile devices. It covers topics like smartphones, tablets, e-readers, features of mobile OSs like Android and iOS, and potential future technologies such as augmented reality, foldable screens, voice control, and holograms.
1. The document discusses various computer input and output devices. It provides descriptions and examples of basic input devices like the mouse and keyboard, as well as complex input devices like joysticks and scanners.
2. It also discusses basic output devices like computer monitors and speakers, as well as application-specific devices like printers and projectors. Examples are given for different types of each device.
3. The document serves to describe and provide examples of the main types of computer input and output devices.
Write 250 words on information on the MacBook, and explanation of th.pdflongojasperze84880
Will has $4,355.19 in his checking account. He writes checks for $1,204.90 and $890.99. How
much is left in Will’s account?
A. $1,189.65
B. $2,259.30
C. $2,867.30
D. $2,989.50
Solution
B. To calculate the answer to this question, add up the amount of the checks and subtract that
from the current amount in the checking account.
$4,355.19 – ($1,204.90 + $890.99)
= $2,259.30.
The document describes 5 Pen PC technology, which is a portable computer system comprised of 5 pens that each serve different functions: the CPU pen, digital camera pen, virtual keyboard pen, projector pen, and communication pen. When combined, the 5 pens allow for computing functionality through handwriting input, photos, virtual keyboard projection, display projection, and wireless communication. The document provides details on the components and functioning of each pen, as well as the history and advantages/disadvantages of the 5 Pen PC system.
The document describes a concept called the Five Pen PC, which uses five pen-shaped devices to function as a portable computer. One pen acts as the CPU, another as a camera, one projects a virtual keyboard, another projects the display, and the last functions as a phone. The pens communicate wirelessly and can be stored in a block that charges them. While a prototype was developed in 2003, such a device is not commercially available yet. The concept aims to make computing more portable and accessible than current technologies.
Seminar report on Raspberry Pi, submitted in SEMINAR subject of GTU Gujarat Technological University by Nipun Parikh from Bhagwan Mahavir College of Engineering & Technology
This document discusses the history and generations of computers. It begins by defining what a computer is and then outlines the six generations of computers as follows:
The first generation (1940-1956) used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums. They were large, expensive to operate, and prone to overheating. The UNIVAC and ENIAC were examples. The second generation (1956-1963) used transistors instead of vacuum tubes and allowed for symbolic programming languages. The third generation (1964-1971) used integrated circuits and allowed users to interact through keyboards/monitors. The fourth generation (1971-onward) placed all components on a single microchip, leading to the development of GUIs, mice and handheld devices. The
1. 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO ROLLTOP LAPTOP
Laptops are continuously changing. From the compelling components, various
applications and thinner designs; to the memory storage, Wi-Fi capabilities and
television viewing; they’ve come a long way from the first bulky home computers,
and evolved into a fashionable trend.
Advancements in technology have led to more precise touch screens, longer range of
wireless connections, and more compact devices capable of streaming video and
audio while providing driving directions to any location within the network,
simultaneously.
German designer, Evgeny Orkin thinks he has found the answer with his Roll top
concept. “The main goal was to combine the laptop monitor and graphic tablet into
one gadget and avoid additional accessories,” he explains. He continued to say that
consumers have the option to buy a computer and a graphic tablet with a touchscreen
separately, but they are not able to use them as one laptop.
Notebooks and tablets already offer pretty convenient computing on-the-go
solutions, but Germany's Orkin Design proposes rolling up both devices into one
ultra-portable package. The Rolltop concept will take advantage of advances in
flexible OLED and touchscreen technologies to create a cylinder-shaped laptop
computer that can be rolled out to form a notebook, a tablet, or display monitor. The
concept has been floating around for a while, but has recently received a few tweaks
to the design. Although specifics are in short supply, read on for what we do know
Rather than carry around a notebook in a laptop bag, full to the brim with all manner
of cables, the Rolltop concept proposes bringing everything together in a flat panel
display that's wrapped around a central cylinder. The top of the column detaches and
acts as a power plug while the carry strap doubles as a power cord (presumably some
sort of battery technology is also included, although this has not been mentioned). The
central column also contains speakers, a camera, USB ports, and a LAN port.
2. 2
After unlocking the catch, the user would roll out the Rolltop display like a
mat and then either leave it flat for 17-inch tablet computing, or raise one end up for
something resembling a notebook. The lower part of the screen is then used for
keying on a virtual, onscreen keyboard while the upper part becomes a 13-inch
display for viewing content. A pull-out support at the back also allows the flattened
device to be used as a monitor-like display, and a stylus pen has been incorporated
into the body of the panel.
When rolled up, Rolltop will be 11 inches (28 cm) long and have a 3.26-inch (8.3-cm)
diameter – and that's about all we can tell you. As it's a concept designed to be built in
the future, some of the technology kinks are still being worked on, but Orkin has
stated its intention to see this design through to an actual, real-world product. There
are, of course, quite a number of technical hurdles to overcome before that happens
and unfortunately the designers do little to shed light on how such difficulties will be
dealt with, leaving us to speculate.
It requires no great stretch of the imagination to visualize the various technologies
already used in dual-screen notebooks, all-in-one computers and cutting edge tablets
being incorporated into the Rolltop. Recent developments in bendy screen technology
might also make this device a current possibility. However, details on how the
internal components like processors, memory, storage and graphics cards will be dealt
with have not been forthcoming, so it looks like we're just going to have to wait until
there is more substance to this project.
Fig.1.1 Rolltop Laptop Concept
3. 3
CHAPTER 2
INCONVENIENCE IN CARRYING LAPTOPS:
ORKIN says:
“The main problem is that the laptop has two levels – the level you can write on and
the level you look at. With two separate planes, the entire screen cannot be utilized
because the fold will hinder you,” Orkin says.
Another problem with modern day laptops is the many accessories and gadgets that
accompany them. Even with the smaller designs, big bags are required to carry
everything around, which can cause inconvenience and discomfort.
ORKIN’S idea:
Orkin thought of the roll-up laptop when working on his thesis for school. He was
interning at Schlagheck-Design in Germany under the direction of Julian Schlagheck,
who specializes in product design, print design and product development. He also
received guidance from Professor Peter Naumann of the University of Applied
Science in Munich, and Georg Trost, Former designer of Fujitsu-Siemens Computers.
Fig.2.1 Orkins Idea
The concept of the Rolltop may seem a bit futuristic to some, but as Orkin explains, the
technology is available and being produced, so a concept like this is neither
impossible or improbable.
4. 4
2.1 COMPONENTS:
Most of the components for the Rolltop already exist within the modern day designs
such as the main board, processor, memory (flash), working memory, etc.
“The Rolltop does not have a CD/DVD reader or Floppy disc because [they’re
obsolete]. Other components, such as the loudspeaker, Internet, web cam, USB ports
and power supply are based in the cylinder in which the screen would roll around,”
says Orkin.
Such a design would be perfect for students walking around campus grounds, business
professional that travel regularly and home consumers who just like to keep
themselves entertained when waiting to meet friends or relaxing in a coffee shop or at
home.
2.2 Bringing Rolltop To Market :
The Rolltop’s success hinges on the utilization of OLED Technology, or organic light
emitting diode. This technology would be the main component of the laptop’s
monitor. It is tough, flexible and energy saving. “All these qualitites are very
important to me,” explains Orkin. “Flexible to roll it, tough to draw on it, and energy
saving to have a smaller battery than what is already being implemented.”
For Orkin to develop and produce his Rolltop design, he needs the capacity of a big
company such as Panasonic, Samsung and Dell. He has had a lot of inquires and
believes it can be a huge success once it starts rolling.
2.3 BENEFITS OF ORKIN’S DESIGN ROLLTOP:
1.One, the Rolltop combines the laptop, monitor and graphic tables without any
problem (such as small display in monitor modus or fold on screen in graphic tablet
modus).
2. Secondly, the Rolltop is an all-in-one gadget that integrates the power supply, loud
speaker, laptop bag and mouse into one. You don’t have to carry extra accessories.
3. Lastly, due to the new available technology, the design is very compact and
possesses a completely new outlook.
5. 5
Fig.2.2 Benefits of Rolltop
With the one design model, Orkin hopes to catch the attention of major producers and
distributors. He is very confident that his concept would be very attractive to
consumers and sell big once it hits the market shelves.
CHAPTER 3
All-In-One Rolltop Laptop by Orkin:
This newly designed laptop uses flexible Oled display on the panel and keyboard.
Uses flexible Oled display on the panel and keyboard
It replaces the conventional physical keyboard so the 13" laptop transforms
into the graphics tablet with its 17" flatscreen
Its a new concept in notebook design with a flexible display
The Oled-Display technology has a multi touch screen
All computer utilities from power supply thgough the holding belt to an
interactive pen are integrated into this rolltop
The shutter also incorporates the system's hardware itself
The wireless station can recharge the PC which provides two USB ports for
connecting peripherals.
6. 6
3.1 ROLLTOP DESIGN:
Fig.3.1 Rolltop Design
3.2 ORKIN NEW DESIGN ROLLTOP:
The future computer should come in the form of the proposed Orkin Design’s rolltop
– a conceptual computer that would have a screen rollable into bigger size, or just like
traditional newspaper which you could roll it up when not in use.
7. 7
Fig.3.2 New Design
The rolltop would come with a flexible OLED touchscreen display. Once it’s fully
rolled out, it’d serve as a 13-inch laptop/tablet, or a 17-inch dedicated computer
display. The device would also come with a detachable hub with power adapter, a
stylus and a couple of USB ports.
This conceptual device shouldn’t be too far from realistic, as OLED technology is
getting matured, making one of these flexible screens would not be too difficult in the
near future.
At this year’s CEATEC JAPAN 2009, the name derived from ‘Combined Exhibition
of Advanced Technologies’, held in Japan October 6 – 10, 2009, Denmark-based
Orkin Design and Japan’s Sony literally rolled-out its multi-touch laptop. These
laptops keep getting thinner and lighter, but as Jeremy Hsu commented on his posting
to popsci.com “some concept laptops take portable to a new level. Orkin Design's
Rolltop consists of an OLED display that can start as a rolled-up mat and deploy as a
multi-touch 17-inch laptop. My beastly HP laptop just shed a tear of envy.”
The Orkin laptop can also transform into a tablet PC operable with a stylus, or
become a standup flat screen display. A power adapter and other features fit with the
carrying canister that comes with a convenient holding strap.
While there really isn’t anything unique from a technology perspective (it does
however feature fabulous packaging), I was reminded and would think that it is only
made possible and constructed with the broad range of rare metals: rare earth magnets
in the voice coils, indium-tin-oxide in the OLED screens, tantalum in the capacitors,
8. 8
lithium in the batteries, beryllium in the connectors and wires (especially in this
model, I would think) etc.
3.3 PROVIDE EASE IN CARRYING:
As you will see in the picture, it is carried around with a strap over your shoulder and
can then be unfurled, making it available to many different configurations. From a flat
tablet to a traditional looking book style laptop.
Because the device as the flexible display it allows this new concept design growing
out of the traditional bookformed laptop into unfurling and convolving portable
computer. By virtue of the OLED-Display technology and a multi touch screen the
weight of the computer is said to be that of a mini-notebook size. A width of 13 inch
easily transforms into the graphics tablet, which with its 17-inch flat screen can be
also used as a primary monitor. So you can use it as a flexible laptop, a graphical
tablet, or even stand it up and you have a portable 17′ TV screen.
CHAPTER 4
STRUCTURE OF ROLLTOP:
Imagine a laptop so portable, you could roll it up like a yoga mat and carry it tucked
under your arm with an attached strap. Now you don’t have to imagine; this is the
concept behind the Rolltop laptop from Orkin Design.
9. 9
The Rolltop laptop incorporates energy-efficient flexible OLED technology and a
multi-touch screen.
As you unroll it, you get a laptop with a 13-inch screen. Flattened out, it
becomes a graphics tablet for use with the enclosed stylus pen. On the back the
Rolltop laptop is a stand that can be pulled out into a 17-inch display for viewing
videos. A webcam, loudspeaker and power/data supply are included in the core
cylinder.
Imagine if you could roll up your laptop like a newspaper and open it when required,
and what if you could turn your laptop into a primary monitor if you wanted to play
some awesome video games.
Well all these are possible with the cool new conceptual ROLL TOP Laptop concept,
which is being touted as a Future Designer Laptop. Orkin Design has unveiled this
cool new concept with the support of Schlagheck-Design and the device comes with a
flexible display which can be rolled and carried wherever you want. This goes beyond
the traditional book like laptops which are cumbersome to say the least.
Thanks to its OLED-Display technology and a multi touch screen, it can be used a
laptop while it weighs as much as mini notebook. It comes with a 13 inch screen
while being used a laptop and when being used as a monitor, you could get a cool 17
inches screen. Power supply, multi media integrated pen and even a holding belt are
integrated in the ROLL TOP and it certainly is an all-in-one gadget.
Fig.4.1 OLED
10. 10
CHAPTER 5
FUNCTIONS OF ROLLTOP:
While the world awaits the launch of the Apple Tablet, a German company is already
thinking about a much more distant future. The Orkin Design developed the prototype
of an ultraportable notebook with foldable screen. Called Rolltop, the device promises
to be the face of computers in the future
You could carry your laptop like a newspaper by rolling it up, and making sure that
you are not burdened by heavy laptop bags. While this is still a concept, we had
written about the cool Microsoft Courier Tablet which comes with dual screens. You
could also read about Cintiq, which allows you to write and draw better than with the
help of pen and paper.
Well wrapped. German company takes seriously the concept of portable computer and
develops a project that aims to be the notebook of the future. The fact that computers
are becoming smaller and more powerful, but still can not do much with them,
especially when it comes to mobility. Although small, all you can do, so far, is to raise
the lid, type in key properties and close the lid. The Rolltop it is still a laptop,
however, it goes much further.
11. 11
5.1 STYLE AND DESIGN:
With a focus on style, lightness and mobility, the prototype abuses of new
technologies in the field of flexible displays. According to the company developing
the project, Rolltop will have a multitouch screen OLED flexible 17-inch, if the User
use it as a tablet, or 13 inches if you use a notebook as "common”.
In this picture you can see that the screen is stuck in a bar and it is responsible for
storing all the hardware that the application requires. Because only one screen,
apparently the HD, battery, plates and connections were transported to the bar, so the
screen can stay thin and light. Unlike the prototype from Fujitsu, the computer of
tissue, which would allow the User only perform basic tasks - no DVDs, hard disk,
and webcam - the Rolltop includes tools that let more complete. On the hardware the
User can count on a webcam, speakers, three USB ports and energy supplier.
12. 12
CHAPTER 6
OLED (Organic Light Emiting Diode)
An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a light-emitting diode (LED) in
which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound which
emits light in response to an electric current. This layer of organic semiconductor is
situated between two electrodes; typically, at least one of these electrodes is
transparent. OLEDs are used to create digital displays in devices such
as television screens,computer monitors, portable systems such as mobile
phones, handheld game consoles and PDAs. A major area of research is the
development of white OLED devices for use in solid-state lighting applications.[1][2][3]
There are two main families of OLED: those based on small molecules and those
employing polymers. Adding mobile ions to an OLED creates a light-emitting
electrochemical cell (LEC) which has a slightly different mode of operation. OLED
displays can use either passive-matrix (PMOLED) or active-matrix addressing
schemes. Active-matrix OLEDs (AMOLED) require a thin-film transistor backplane
to switch each individual pixel on or off, but allow for higher resolution and larger
display sizes.
An OLED display works without a backlight; thus, it can display deep black
levels and can be thinner and lighter than a liquid crystal display(LCD). In low
ambient light conditions (such as a dark room), an OLED screen can achieve a
higher contrast ratio than an LCD, regardless of whether the LCD uses cold cathode
fluorescent lamps or an LED backlight.
6.1 History
The first observations of electroluminescence in organic materials were in the
early 1950s by André Bernanose and co-workers at the Nancy-Université in France.
They applied high alternating voltages in air to materials such as acridine orange,
either deposited on or dissolved in cellulose or cellophane thin films. The proposed
13. 13
mechanism was either direct excitation of the dye molecules or excitation of
electrons.
In 1960, Martin Pope and some of his co-workers at New York
University developed ohmic dark-injecting electrode contacts to organic crystals.They
further described the necessary energetic requirements (work functions) for hole and
electron injecting electrode contacts. These contacts are the basis of charge injection
in all modern OLED devices. Pope's group also first observed direct current (DC)
electroluminescence under vacuum on a single pure crystal of anthracene and on
anthracene crystals doped with tetracene in 1963 using a small area silver electrode at
400 volts. The proposed mechanism was field-accelerated electron excitation of
molecular fluorescence.
Pope's group reported in 1965[12] that in the absence of an external electric field, the
electroluminescence in anthracene crystals is caused by the recombination of a
thermalized electron and hole, and that the conducting level of anthracene is higher in
energy than the exciton energy level. Also in 1965, W. Helfrich and W. G. Schneider
of the National Research Council in Canada produced double injection recombination
electroluminescence for the first time in an anthracene single crystal using hole and
electron injecting electrodes,[13] the forerunner of modern double injection devices. In
the same year, Dow Chemical researchers patented a method of preparing
electroluminescent cells using high voltage (500–1500 V) AC-driven (100–3000 Hz)
electrically insulated one millimetre thin layers of a melted phosphor consisting of
ground anthracene powder, tetracene, andgraphite powder.[14] Their proposed
mechanism involved electronic excitation at the contacts between the graphite
particles and the anthracene molecules.
Electroluminescence from polymer films was first observed by Roger Partridge at
the National Physical Laboratory in the United Kingdom. The device consisted of a
film of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) up to 2.2 micrometres thick located between two
charge injecting electrodes. The results of the project were patented in 1975[15] and
published in 1983.
The first diode device was reported at Eastman Kodak by Ching W. Tang and Steven
Van Slyke in 1987.[20] This device used a novel two-layer structure with separate hole
14. 14
transporting and electron transporting layers such that recombination and light
emission occurred in the middle of the organic layer; this resulted in a reduction in
operating voltage and improvements in efficiency that led to the current era of OLED
research and device production.
Research into polymer electroluminescence culminated in 1990 with J. H.
Burroughes et al. at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge reporting a high
efficiency green light-emitting polymer based device using 100 nm thick films
of poly(p-phenylene vinylene).[21]
Universal Display Corporation holds the majority of patents concerning the
commercialization of OLEDs.
6.2 Working Principples
A typical OLED is composed of a layer of organic materials situated between
two electrodes, the anode andcathode, all deposited on a substrate. The organic
molecules are electrically conductive as a result ofdelocalization of pi
electrons caused by conjugation over part or all of the molecule. These materials have
conductivity levels ranging from insulators to conductors, and are therefore
considered organic semiconductors. The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied
molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) of organic semiconductors are analogous to
the valence and conduction bands of inorganic semiconductors.
Originally, the most basic polymer OLEDs consisted of a single organic layer. One
example was the first light-emitting device synthesised by J. H. Burroughes et al.,
which involved a single layer of poly(p-phenylene vinylene). However multilayer
OLEDs can be fabricated with two or more layers in order to improve device
efficiency. As well as conductive properties, different materials may be chosen to aid
charge injection at electrodes by providing a more gradual electronic profile,[22] or
block a charge from reaching the opposite electrode and being wasted.[23] Many
modern OLEDs incorporate a simple bilayer structure, consisting of a conductive
layer and an emissive layer. More recent developments in OLED architecture
improves quantum efficiency (up to 19%) by using a graded heterojunction.[24] In the
15. 15
graded heterojunction architecture, the composition of hole and electron-transport
materials varies continuously within the emissive layer with a dopant emitter. The
graded heterojunction architecture combines the benefits of both conventional
architectures by improving charge injection while simultaneously balancing charge
transport within the emissive region.[25]
During operation, a voltage is applied across the OLED such that the anode is positive
with respect to the cathode. Anodes are picked based upon the quality of their optical
transparency, electrical conductivity, and chemical stability.[26] A current
of electrons flows through the device from cathode to anode, as electrons are injected
into the LUMO of the organic layer at the cathode and withdrawn from the HOMO at
the anode. This latter process may also be described as the injection of electron
holes into the HOMO. Electrostatic forces bring the electrons and the holes towards
each other and they recombine forming an exciton, a bound state of the electron and
hole. This happens closer to the emissive layer, because in organic semiconductors
holes are generally more mobile than electrons. The decay of this excited state results
in a relaxation of the energy levels of the electron, accompanied by emission
of radiation whose frequency is in the visible region. The frequency of this radiation
depends on the band gap of the material, in this case the difference in energy between
the HOMO and LUMO.
As electrons and holes are fermions with half integer spin, an exciton may either be in
a singlet state or a triplet state depending on how the spins of the electron and hole
have been combined. Statistically three triplet excitons will be formed for each singlet
exciton. Decay from triplet states (phosphorescence) is spin forbidden, increasing the
timescale of the transition and limiting the internal efficiency of fluorescent
devices. Phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes make use of spin–orbit
interactions to facilitate intersystem crossing between singlet and triplet states, thus
obtaining emission from both singlet and triplet states and improving the internal
efficiency.
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is commonly used as the anode material. It is transparent to
visible light and has a high work function which promotes injection of holes into the
HOMO level of the organic layer. A typical conductive layer may consist
16. 16
of PEDOT:PSS[27] as the HOMO level of this material generally lies between the
workfunction of ITO and the HOMO of other commonly used polymers, reducing the
energy barriers for hole injection. Metals such as barium and calcium are often used
for the cathode as they have low work functionswhich promote injection of electrons
into the LUMO of the organic layer.[28] Such metals are reactive, so they require a
capping layer of aluminium to avoid degradation.
Experimental research has proven that the properties of the anode, specifically the
anode/hole transport layer (HTL) interface topography plays a major role in the
efficiency, performance, and lifetime of organic light emitting diodes. Imperfections
in the surface of the anode decrease anode-organic film interface adhesion, increase
electrical resistance, and allow for more frequent formation of non-emissive dark
spots in the OLED material adversely affecting lifetime. Mechanisms to decrease
anode roughness for ITO/glass substrates include the use of thin films and self-
assembled monolayers. Also, alternative substrates and anode materials are being
considered to increase OLED performance and lifetime. Possible examples include
single crystal
Fig.6.1 OLED Working
17. 17
sapphire substrates treated with gold (Au) film anodes yielding lower work functions,
operating voltages, electrical resistance values, and increasing lifetime of OLEDs.[29]
Single carrier devices are typically used to study the kinetics and charge transport
mechanisms of an organic material and can be useful when trying to study energy
transfer processes. As current through the device is composed of only one type of
charge carrier, either electrons or holes, recombination does not occur and no light is
emitted. For example, electron only devices can be obtained by replacing ITO with a
lower work function metal which increases the energy barrier of hole injection.
Similarly, hole only devices can be made by using a cathode made solely of
aluminium, resulting in an energy barrier too large for efficient electron injection
6.3 Advantages
6.3.1 Lower cost in the future
OLEDs can be printed onto any suitable substrate by an inkjet printer or even
by screen printing,[60] theoretically making them cheaper to produce than LCD
or plasma displays. However, fabrication of the OLED substrate is more costly
than that of a TFT LCD, until mass production methods lower cost through
scalability. Roll-to-roll vapour-deposition methods for organic devices do
allow mass production of thousands of devices per minute for minimal cost,
although this technique also induces problems in that devices with multiple
layers can be challenging to make because of registration, lining up the
different printed layers to the required degree of accuracy.
6.3.2 Lightweight and flexible plastic substrates
OLED displays can be fabricated on flexible plastic substrates leading to the
possible fabrication of flexible organic light-emitting diodes for other new
applications, such as roll-up displays embedded in fabrics or clothing. As the
substrate used can be flexible such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET),[61] the
displays may be produced inexpensively. Further, plastic substrates are shatter
resistant, unlike glass displays used in LCD devices.
6.3.3 Wider viewing angles and improved brightness
OLEDs can enable a greater artificial contrast ratio (both dynamic range and
static, measured in purely dark conditions) and a wider viewing angle
18. 18
compared to LCDs because OLED pixels emit light directly. OLED pixel
colors appear correct and unshifted, even as the viewing angle approaches 90°
from normal.
6.3.4 Better power efficiency and thickness
LCDs filter the light emitted from a backlight, allowing a small fraction of
light through. So, they cannot show true black. However, an inactive OLED
element does not produce light or consume power, thus allowing true
blacks.[62] Dismissing the backlight also makes OLEDs lighter because some
substrates are not needed. This allows electronics potentially to be
manufactured more cheaply, but, first, a larger production scale is needed,
because OLEDs still somewhat are niche products.[63] When looking at top-
emitting OLEDs, thickness also plays a role when talking about index match
layers (IMLs). Emission intensity is enhanced when the IML thickness is 1.3–
2.5 nm. The refractive value and the matching of the optical IMLs property,
including the device structure parameters, also enhance the emission intensity
at these thicknesses.[64]
6.3.4 Response time
OLEDs also have a much faster response time than an LCD. Using response
time compensation technologies, the fastest modern LCDs can reach as low
as 1ms response times for their fastest color transition and are capable
of refresh frequencies as high as 144 Hz (frame interpolation on modern
"240Hz" and "480Hz" LCD TVs is not a true increase in refresh frequency).
OLED response times are up to 1,000 times faster than LCD according to
LG,[65] putting conservative estimates at under 10μs (0.01ms), which in theory
could accommodate refresh frequencies approaching 100 kHz (100,000 Hz).
Due to their extremely fast response time, OLED displays can also be easily
designed to interpolate black frames, creating an effect similar to CRT flicker
in order to avoid the sample-and-hold behavior used on both LCDs and some
OLED displays that creates the perception of motion blur.
19. 19
6.4 Disadvantages
6.4.1 Lifespan
The biggest technical problem for OLEDs was the limited lifetime of the
organic materials. One 2008 technical report on an OLED TV panel found that
"After 1,000 hours the blue luminance degraded by 12%, the red by 7% and
the green by 8%."[67] In particular, blue OLEDs historically have had a
lifetime of around 14,000 hours to half original brightness (five years at 8
hours a day) when used for flat-panel displays. This is lower than the typical
lifetime of LCD, LED or PDP technology. Each currently is rated for about
25,000–40,000 hours to half brightness, depending on manufacturer and
model.[68][69] Degradation occurs because of the accumulation of nonradiative
recombination centers and luminescence quenchers in the emissive zone. It is
said that the chemical breakdown in the semiconductors occurs in four steps:
1) recombination of charge carriers through the absorption of UV light, 2)
hemolytic dissociation, 3) subsequent radical addition reactions that form π
radicals, and 4) disproportionation between two radicals resulting in hydrogen-
atom transfer reactions.[70] However, some manufacturers' displays aim to
increase the lifespan of OLED displays, pushing their expected life past that of
LCD displays by improving light outcoupling, thus achieving the same
brightness at a lower drive current.[71][72]In 2007, experimental OLEDs were
created which can sustain 400 cd/m2 of luminance for over 198,000 hours for
green OLEDs and 62,000 hours for blue OLEDs.[73]
6.4.2 Color balance
Additionally, as the OLED material used to produce blue light degrades
significantly more rapidly than the materials that produce other colors, blue
light output will decrease relative to the other colors of light. This variation in
the differential color output will change the color balance of the display and is
much more noticeable than a decrease in overall luminance.[74] This can be
avoided partially by adjusting color balance, but this may require advanced
control circuits and interaction with the user, which is unacceptable for some
users. More commonly, though, manufacturers optimize the size of the R, G
and B subpixels to reduce the current density through the subpixel in order to
equalize lifetime at full luminance. For example, a blue subpixel may be 100%
20. 20
larger than the green subpixel. The red subpixel may be 10% smaller than the
green.
6.4.3 Efficiency of blue OLEDs
Improvements to the efficiency and lifetime of blue OLEDs is vital to the
success of OLEDs as replacements for LCD technology. Considerable
research has been invested in developing blue OLEDs with high external
quantum efficiency as well as a deeper blue color.[75][76] External quantum
efficiency values of 20% and 19% have been reported for red (625 nm) and
green (530 nm) diodes, respectively.[77][78] However, blue diodes (430 nm)
have only been able to achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies in the
range of 4% to 6%.[79]
6.4.4 Water damage
Water can instantly damage the organic materials of the displays. Therefore,
improved sealing processes are important for practical manufacturing. Water
damage especially may limit the longevity of more flexible displays.[80]
6.4.5 Outdoor performance
As an emissive display technology, OLEDs rely completely upon converting
electricity to light, unlike most LCDs which are to some extent reflective. e-
paper leads the way in efficiency with ~ 33% ambient light reflectivity,
enabling the display to be used without any internal light source. The metallic
cathode in an OLED acts as a mirror, with reflectance approaching 80%,
leading to poor readability in bright ambient light such as outdoors. However,
with the proper application of a circular polarizer and antireflective coatings,
the diffuse reflectance can be reduced to less than 0.1%. With
10,000 fc incident illumination (typical test condition for simulating outdoor
illumination), that yields an approximate photopic contrast of 5:1. Recent
advances in OLED technologies, however, enable OLEDs to become actually
better than LCDs in bright sunlight. The Super AMOLED display in
the Galaxy S5, for example, was found to outperform all LCD displays on the
market in terms of brightness and reflectance.[81]
6.4.6 Power consumption
While an OLED will consume around 40% of the power of an LCD displaying
an image that is primarily black, for the majority of images it will consume
60–80% of the power of an LCD. However, an OLED can use more than three
21. 21
times as much power to display an image with a white background, such as a
document or web site.[82] This can lead to reduced battery life in mobile
devices, when white backgrounds are used.
CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION:
Besides leading to an extreme the concept of portable computer, the Rolltop
succeeded in reuniting two of the largest consumer dreams of geeks on call: netbooks,
objects of desire of any User who want to stay connected and up to date with new
technology and tablets, even more famous after rumors of the launch of Apple Tablet.
Thus, the folding notebook lets mobile fans delight in a notebook with touch-sensitive
keys or a tablet for photo editing or performing more complex tasks. To use one of
two devices, simply unroll the screen completely, in the case of the tablet, or bend it
90 degrees to enter text or surf the web with a 100% touchscreen notebook.
To close the package dreams of consumption, it also lets you view videos or
photos like a portable television. The screen has a support on the back. With this, you
can leave it up and watch a movie while waiting for an email from your boss.
References:
http://www.myrolltop.com/
http://www.gizmag.com/rolltop-laptop-concept-rolls-up-like-a-
mat/18230/
http://www.scribd.com/doc/139683103/dbsit-rolltop-laptop
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *